DOCSLIB.ORG

19X27 CRC Template

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
19X27 CRC Template OECD Public Governance Reviews OECD Public Governance Reviews Financing Democracy FUNDING OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELecTION CAMPAIGNS OECD Public Governance Reviews AND THE RISK of POLICY CAPTUre Contents Financing Democracy Part I. Funding of political parties and election campaigns, risks of policy capture and policy options Chapter 1. Addressing the risks of policy capture FUNDING of POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELecTION Chapter 2. Promoting a level playing field through balanced funding CAMPAIGNS AND THE RISK of POLICY CAPTUre Chapter 3. Increasing transparency and accountability through disclosure of political party and election-campaign funding Chapter 4. Fostering a culture of integrity among political parties, public officials and donors Chapter 5. Ensuring compliance with political finance regulations Part II. Country case studies Chapter 6. Canada Chapter 7. Chile Chapter 8. Estonia Chapter 9. France Chapter 10. Korea Chapter 11. Mexico Chapter 12. United Kingdom Chapter 13. Brazil Chapter 14. India Financing Democracy Financing Consult this publication on line at http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264249455-en. This work is published on the OECD iLibrary, which gathers all OECD books, periodicals and statistical databases. Visit www.oecd-ilibrary.org for more information. ISBN 978-92-64-24944-8 42 2015 26 1 P OECD Public Governance Reviews Financing Democracy FUNDING OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTION CAMPAIGNS AND THE RISK OF POLICY CAPTURE This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Please cite this publication as: OECD (2016), Financing Democracy: Funding of Political Parties and Election Campaigns and the Risk of Policy Capture, OECD Public Governance Reviews, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264249455-en ISBN 978-92-64-24944-8 (print) ISBN 978-92-64-24945-5 (PDF) Revised version, February 2016. Details of revisions available at: http://www.oecd.org/about/publishing/Corrigendum-Financing-Democracy.pdf The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Photo credits: Cover © Alexandru Nika/Shutterstock.com Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2016 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgement of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. FOREWORD – 3 Foreword Understanding and addressing the role of money and its influence in politics can no longer be a taboo subject. When public policy making is captured by private interests, the “rules of the game” for markets and opportunities may be bent to favour the few and violate the interest of the many. The consequences include the erosion of democratic governance, social cohesion, and equal opportunities for all, as well as the decline of trust in democracy itself. The laborious recovery from the financial crisis, together with the widening income gaps between rich and poor, heighten the risk of policy capture while testing the ability of governments to develop and deliver policies and programmes that benefit all citizens. It is not enough to put in place policies to promote growth. Governments are expected to ensure that the benefits of such growth are shared more evenly across society. The design and implementation of structural reforms to create conditions for economic recovery and sustain inclusive growth require a high-quality policy-making process that citizens can trust. This report takes a comparative approach to examining how the funding of political parties and election campaigns has evolved, and how political finance regulations across OECD member and partner countries have been established. In particular, the report assesses the risks of policy capture through the funding of political parties and electoral campaigns, identifies regulatory loopholes and implementation gaps in existing policies, and suggests a comprehensive approach to integrity, including issues such as lobbying and conflict of interest. One clear-cut lesson from this study is that ensuring the effective implementation of political finance regulations still remains challenging in many countries. The Framework on Financing Democracy presented in this report is intended to shape the global debate on risks and policy options, and provides tangible advice for the funding of political parties and electoral campaigns. Efficient oversight and auditing, meaningful sanctions, greater transparency and public scrutiny play a major role in averting policy capture. In this regard, independent electoral management bodies are becoming increasingly important. Such bodies currently exist in less than one-third of OECD countries, and there is no one-size-fits-all model. But whatever the structure, the institutions responsible for enforcing political finance regulations should have a clear mandate, legal power and the capacity to conduct effective oversight and impose sanctions. FINANCING DEMOCRACY: FUNDING OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTION CAMPAIGNS AND THE RISK OF POLICY CAPTURE © OECD 2016 4 – FOREWORD This report is part of the policy toolkit being developed by the OECD Public Governance Committee and contributes to the OECD agenda on inclusive growth and trust. In democracies, public policy should never be for sale to the highest bidder. Better policy making is a shared responsibility of governments, businesses and citizens. The OECD brings together a wide range of stakeholders to make financing democracy a subject of evidence, data, and good practices across countries. Angel Gurría OECD Secretary-General ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – 5 Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the Public Sector Integrity Division of the Directorate for Public Governance and Territorial Development. Under the guidance of Janos Bertok, the co-ordination and drafting of this report was led by Yukihiko Hamada. Invaluable input and guidance were provided by Julio Bacio Terracino. The preliminary draft report was prepared by Emma Cantera and Ulrika Bonnier. Data cleaning and follow-up were carried out by Chad Burbank. Editorial and administrative assistance was provided by Thibaut Gigou, Julie Harris, Anaísa Goncalves and Anastasia Slojneva. Special thanks go to the experts who drafted the country chapters, namely: Stephane Perrault, Deputy Chief Electoral Officer, Regulatory Affairs, Elections Canada; Pamela Figueroa Rubio, Chief of the Studies Division and Francisco Espinoza Rabanales, Advisor of the Studies Division, Ministry General Secretariat of the Presidency of Chile; Vello Pettai, Professor of Comparative Politics, University of Tartu, Member of Estonian Party Funding Supervision Committee; Yves-Marie Doublet, Expert on Political Finance Legislation for the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO), Deputy Director of the National Assembly of France; Heeman Koo, International Cooperation Division, National Election Commission of the Republic of Korea; Raphael Riva-Palacio, Director of International Cooperation and Liaison, National Election Institute of Mexico; Rupert Grist, Regulatory Lawyer and Nick Wright, Senior Project Officer, United Kingdom Electoral Commission; José Antonio Dias Toffoli, President of the Superior Electoral Court of Brazil, Justice of the Federal Supreme Court of Brazil; Shahabuddin Yaqoob Quraishi, Former Chief Election Commissioner of India. Particular appreciation goes to all the speakers and participants who actively engaged in the debates and exchanged views during the OECD Forum on Financing Democracy and Averting Policy Capture, organised in co-operation with the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) and the Organization of American States on 3-4 December 2014 in Paris, and the OECD Policy Forum on Restoring Trust in Government: Addressing Money and Influence in Public Decision Making on 14-15 November 2013 in Paris. The Public Governance Committee and the Working Party of Senior Public Integrity Officials reviewed and approved the report in the autumn of 2015. FINANCING DEMOCRACY: FUNDING OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTION CAMPAIGNS AND THE RISK OF POLICY CAPTURE © OECD 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS – 7 Table of contents Executive summary .............................................................................................................. 15 Regulating political finance to minimise risks .................................................................. 15 Loopholes
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bus& 101 Introduction to Business Readings and Workbook Course Designer: Leslie Lum Academic Year 2010-2011 Funded by the Ga
    Bus& 101 Introduction to Business Readings and Workbook Course Designer: Leslie Lum Academic Year 2010-2011 Revised 5/11 Funded by the Gates Foundation/State Board Open Course Initiative 5/28/2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 Thirty Second Commercial 22 Resume 6 COMPANY ANALYSIS 24 DOING THE COMPANY ANALYSIS 25 Writing Self Assessment (Courtesy Robin Jeffers) 42 Company Selection 26 Company Research 29 Company Analysis- Marketing 37 Company Financial Analysis 38 Company Management Paper 39 Company Presentation 41 Links to sample student paper 42 Team Writing Assignment 47 Team Research Scavenger Assignment 49 MODULE 1: THE CONTEXT OF BUSINESS 51 Module 1 Goals 51 The Economy 52 GDP: One of the Great Inventions of the 20th Century 52 Economic Growth 55 World’s Economies 56 GDP per capita 66 Inflation 69 Business Cycles 74 Government and Policy 77 Fiscal Policy 77 Monetary Policy 79 Currency Risk 80 Economic Indicators 81 Individual Assignment – Calculating growth rates 85 Team Assignment - Economic Indicators 86 Team Assignment – Costco Case 91 Commanding Heights A Case Study of Bubbles 147 Module 1 Questions for Timed Writes 148 2 MODULE 2 - ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND LEGAL FORMS OF BUSINESS 149 Businesses and Entrepreneurship 150 Forms of Ownership 155 Choosing the Business Structure 158 Starting a Business – The Business Plan 159 Breakeven Analysis 167 Team Assignment – Forms of Business 171 Team Assignment – Entrepreneurship and Business Plan 173 Team Assignment Optional - Breakeven analysis of your business plan 174 Module 2 Questions
    [Show full text]
  • International Workshop on Electoral Administration and Justice for the Central Elections Commission of Palestine
    International Workshop on Electoral Administration and Justice for the Central Elections Commission of Palestine Mexico City, December, 1st. - 5th. INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ELECTORAL ADMINISTRATION AND JUSTICE FOR THE CENTRAL ELECTIONS COMMISSION OF PALESTINE Index Page 1. Presentation 2 2. International Centre for Electoral Training and Research 3 3. Mexico- Palestine Relationship Background 5 4. Workshop Objectives 10 5. Speakers’ Profiles 11 6. Delegates’ Profiles 12 7. Programme 19 8. Mexico’s Political and Electoral Systems 20 9. Current Electoral Context in Mexico 45 1 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ELECTORAL ADMINISTRATION AND JUSTICE FOR THE CENTRAL ELECTIONS COMMISSION OF PALESTINE 1. PRESENTATION General overlook Electoral democracy requires constant improvement and update in order to satisfy those demands presented by a modern society, citizens’ rights-demanding and strong political parties fighting over access to political power. Through this given outlook, elections´ management has gradually become an object of knowledge, as well as a specialized practice. Nowadays, those of us involved in elections´ management not only encounter a widely extended and diversified practice, but also a very complex one, related to ways of conducting it to satisfy universally recognized international standards, oriented towards free, clean, fair, equal, periodically and reliable elections. The classic standards on electoral democracy have not changed, but the parameters established to meet them have. Current developing conditions on electoral abilities demand a broader electoral quality for the authority to comply with such standards. An effort in accordance with the political exigency to train electoral officers is required. Registered changes in the electoral agenda´s evolution ask for new aptitudes, (knowledge, abilities, skills) and new attitudes (values and behaviors) of those responsible of organizing elections in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix to “Social Inequalities, Identity
    World Inequality Lab – Working Paper N° 2021/11 Social Inequalities, Identity, and the Structure of Political Cleavages in Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, 1952-2019 Appendix Oscar Barrera Ana Leiva Clara Martínez-Toledano Álvaro Zúñiga-Cordero March 2021 Social Inequalities, Identity, and the Structure of Political Cleavages in Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, 1952-2019 Oscar Barrera Ana Leiva Clara Martínez-Toledano Álvaro Zúñiga-Cordero† Appendix This document supplements our working paper “Social Inequalities, Identity, and the Structure of Political Cleavages in Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, 1952-2019”. It contains all appendix tables and figures. † Oscar Barrera (World Inequality Lab): [email protected]; Ana Leiva (University of Oslo, UiO): [email protected]; Clara Martínez-Toledano (Imperial College London, World Inequality Lab): [email protected]; Álvaro Zúñiga-Cordero (Paris School of Economics, World Inequality Lab): [email protected]. We are grateful to Lavih Abraham, Ronald Alfaro- Redondo, María Julia Blanco, Francesco Bogliacino, Nicolás DvosKin, Ignacio Flores, Gustavo García, Amory Gethin, Kyong Mazaro and Thomas PiKetty for their useful advice. Figure AA1 - Vote for Peronists by income decile in Argentina 100% 90% D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1995-99 2007-11 2015-19 Source: authors' computations using Argentinian post-electoral and political attitudes surveys. Note: the figure shows the share of votes received by the Peronist party by income decile. Figure AA2 - Vote for Peronists by income group in Argentina 90% 80% Bottom 50% Middle 40% Top 10% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1995-99 2007-11 2015-19 Source: authors' computations using Argentinian post-electoral and political attitudes surveys.
    [Show full text]
  • Emily Edmonds-Poli and David A. Shirk 2009- Contemporary Mexican Politics
    CONTEMPORARY MEXICAN POLITICS EMILY EDMONDS-POLI and DAVID A. SHIRK ContempMexPolPBK.indd 1 10/16/08 12:23:29 PM #/.4%-0/2!29 -%8)#!.0/,)4)#3 CONTEMPORARY MEXIC AN POLITICS Emily Edmonds-Poli and David A. Shirk ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowmanlittlefield.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright © 2009 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Edmonds, Emily. Contemporary Mexican politics / Emily Edmonds-Poli and David A. Shirk. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7425-4048-4 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-7425-4048-0 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-7425-4049-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-7425-4049-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Mexico--Politics and government--2000- I. Shirk, David A., 1971- II. Title. F1236.7.E36 2009 320.972--dc22 2008031594 Printed in the United States of America ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Year Ahead
    2021 YEAR AHEAD Claudio Brocado Anthony Brocado January 29, 2021 1 2020 turned out to be quite unusual. What may the year ahead and beyond bring? As the year got started, the consensus was that a strong 2019 for equities would be followed by a positive first half, after which meaningful volatility would kick in due to the US presidential election. In the spirit of our prefer- ence for a contrarian stance, we had expected somewhat the opposite: some profit-taking in the first half of 2020, followed by a rally that would result in a positive balance at year-end. But in the way of the markets – which always tend to catch the largest number of participants off guard – we had what some would argue was one of the strangest years in recent memory. 2 2020 turned out to be a very eventful year. The global virus crisis (GVC) brought about by the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic was something no serious market observer had anticipated as 2020 got started. Volatility had been all but nonexistent early in what we call ‘the new 20s’, which had led us to expect the few remaining volatile asset classes, such as cryptocurrencies, to benefit from the search for more extreme price swings. We had expected volatilities across asset classes to show some convergence. The markets delivered, but not in the direction we had expected. Volatilities surged higher across many assets, with the CBOE volatility index (VIX) reaching some of the highest readings in many years. As it became clear that what was commonly called the novel coronavirus would bring about a pandemic as it spread to the remotest corners of the world at record speeds, the markets feared the worst.
    [Show full text]
  • Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile a Dissertation Presented to the Faculty Of
    Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Brad T. Eidahl December 2017 © 2017 Brad T. Eidahl. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile by BRAD T. EIDAHL has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Patrick M. Barr-Melej Professor of History Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT EIDAHL, BRAD T., Ph.D., December 2017, History Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile Director of Dissertation: Patrick M. Barr-Melej This dissertation examines the struggle between Chile’s opposition press and the dictatorial regime of Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (1973-1990). It argues that due to Chile’s tradition of a pluralistic press and other factors, and in bids to strengthen the regime’s legitimacy, Pinochet and his top officials periodically demonstrated considerable flexibility in terms of the opposition media’s ability to publish and distribute its products. However, the regime, when sensing that its grip on power was slipping, reverted to repressive measures in its dealings with opposition-media outlets. Meanwhile, opposition journalists challenged the very legitimacy Pinochet sought and further widened the scope of acceptable opposition under difficult circumstances. Ultimately, such resistance contributed to Pinochet’s defeat in the 1988 plebiscite, initiating the return of democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Codebook Indiveu – Party Preferences
    Codebook InDivEU – party preferences European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies December 2020 Introduction The “InDivEU – party preferences” dataset provides data on the positions of more than 400 parties from 28 countries1 on questions of (differentiated) European integration. The dataset comprises a selection of party positions taken from two existing datasets: (1) The EU Profiler/euandi Trend File The EU Profiler/euandi Trend File contains party positions for three rounds of European Parliament elections (2009, 2014, and 2019). Party positions were determined in an iterative process of party self-placement and expert judgement. For more information: https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/65944 (2) The Chapel Hill Expert Survey The Chapel Hill Expert Survey contains party positions for the national elections most closely corresponding the European Parliament elections of 2009, 2014, 2019. Party positions were determined by expert judgement. For more information: https://www.chesdata.eu/ Three additional party positions, related to DI-specific questions, are included in the dataset. These positions were determined by experts involved in the 2019 edition of euandi after the elections took place. The inclusion of party positions in the “InDivEU – party preferences” is limited to the following issues: - General questions about the EU - Questions about EU policy - Questions about differentiated integration - Questions about party ideology 1 This includes all 27 member states of the European Union in 2020, plus the United Kingdom. How to Cite When using the ‘InDivEU – Party Preferences’ dataset, please cite all of the following three articles: 1. Reiljan, Andres, Frederico Ferreira da Silva, Lorenzo Cicchi, Diego Garzia, Alexander H.
    [Show full text]
  • ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
    APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics of Balance
    CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE FORMATION EUROPEENNE INSTITUT EUROPEEN DES HAUTES ETUDES INTERNATIONALES Academic Year 2005 – 2006 Politics of Balance The Conjuncture of Ethnic Party Formation and Development in Romania and Bulgaria Lilla Balázs M.A. Thesis in Advanced European and International Studies Academic Supervisor MATTHIAS WAECHTER Director of the DHEEI Nice, June 2006 1 Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Emergence of the Two Ethnic Parties 2.1. The Birth of New Nation States 2.2. Romania: Revolution and the “Morning After” 2.2.1. Timisoara and the Fall of Ceausescu 2.2.2. The “Morning After” and Formation of the DAHR 2.3. Bulgaria: Revolution and the “Morning After” 2.3.1. The Fall of Zhivkov 2.3.2. The “Morning After” and Formation of the MRF 3. Politics of Balance: the Two Parties at a Closer Look 3.1. The DAHR and the MRF: Two Ethnic Parties in Context 3.1.1. Ethnic Parties 3.1.2. The Context of Minority Ethnic Parties 3.2. The DAHR and its Context 3.2.1. The DAHR—Ethnic Organization in National Politics 3.2.2. The DAHR in Context 3.3. The MRF and its Context 2 3.3.1. The MRF—Ethnic Party of a National Type 3.3.2. The MRF in Context 3.4. Ethnic Party Politics: Politics of Balance 4. The Dynamic of Ethnic Party Politics in Romania and Bulgaria 4.1. The DAHR and Political Developments in Romania 4.1.1. Radicalism and Isolation: 1992-1996 4.1.2. Electoral Revolution and Participation: 1996-2000 4.1.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Ess4 - 2008 Documentation Report
    ESS4 - 2008 DOCUMENTATION REPORT THE ESS DATA ARCHIVE Edition 5.5 Version Notes, ESS4 - 2008 Documentation Report ESS4 edition 5.5 (published 01.12.18): Applies to datafile ESS4 edition 4.5. Changes from edition 5.4: Czechia: Country name changed from Czech Republic to Czechia in accordance with change in ISO 3166 standard. 25 Version notes. Information updated for ESS4 ed. 4.5 data. 26 Completeness of collection stored. Information updated for ESS4 ed. 4.5 data. Israel: 46 Deviations amended. Deviation in F1-F4 (HHMMB, GNDR-GNDRN, YRBRN-YRBRNN, RSHIP2-RSHIPN) added. Appendix: Appendix A3 Variables and Questions and Appendix A4 Variable lists have been replaced with Appendix A3 Codebook. ESS4 edition 5.4 (published 01.12.16): Applies to datafile ESS4 edition 4.4. Changes from edition 5.3: 25 Version notes. Information updated for ESS4 ed.4.4 data. 26 Completeness of collection stored. Information updated for ESS4 ed.4.4 data. Slovenia: 46 Deviations. Amended. Deviation in B15 (WRKORG) added. Appendix: A2 Classifications and Coding standards amended for EISCED. A3 Variables and Questions amended for EISCED, WRKORG. Documents: Education Upgrade ESS1-4 amended for EISCED. ESS4 edition 5.3 (published 26.11.14): Applies to datafile ESS4 edition 4.3 Changes from edition 5.2: All links to the ESS Website have been updated. 21 Weighting: Information regarding post-stratification weights updated. 25 Version notes: Information updated for ESS4 ed.4.3 data. 26 Completeness of collection stored. Information updated for ESS4 ed.4.3 data. Lithuania: ESS4 - 2008 Documentation Report Edition 5.5 2 46 Deviations.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Will Save the Redheads?
    :+2:,//6$9(7+(5('+($'6"72:$5'6$1 $17,%8//<7+(25<2)-8',&,$/5(9,(:$1' 3527(&7,212)'(02&5$&< <DQLY5R]QDL Dedicated in memory of Israeli Supreme Court Justice Mishael Cheshin, a brilliant jurist; bold protector of democracy and judi- cial independence; and a redhead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³5HIRUPD&RQVWLWXFLRQDO\'HIHQVDGHOD'HPRFUDFLD´KHOGLQ2YLHGRIURPWKHWKWRWKHVW RI0D\DQGSXEOLVKHGLQ6SDQLVKLQWKHERRN³5HIRUPD&RQVWLWXFLRQDO\'HIHQVDGHOD 'HPRFUDFLD´E\WKH&HQWURGH(VWXGLRV3ROtWLFRV\&RQVWLWXFLRQDOHVDOORIZKLFKKDVEHHQSRV VLEOHWKDQNVWRWKHUHVHDUFKJUDQWRIWKH6SDQLVK0LQLVWU\RI(FRQRP\DQG&RPSHWLWLYHQHVV 0,1(&2'(53,ZLVKWRWKDQN%HQLWR$ODH]&RUUDOIRULQYLWLQJPHWRMRLQWKLV LPSRUWDQWSURMHFWRQFRQVWLWXWLRQDODPHQGPHQWVDQGWKHGHIHQVHRIGHPRFUDF\$QHDUOLHUYHUVLRQ ZDVDOVRSUHVHQWHGDWWKH&RPSDUDWLYH&RQVWLWXWLRQDO/DZ5HVHDUFK6HPLQDU &KLQHVH8QLYHUVLW\ RI+RQJ.RQJ2FWREHU &HQWHUIRU&RPSDUDWLYHDQG3XEOLF/DZ6HPLQDU
    [Show full text]
  • Opinion on Laws Regulating the Funding
    Warsaw, 30 October 2017 Opinion-Nr.: POLIT-ESP/310/2017[JGe] www.legislationline.org OPINION ON LAWS REGULATING THE FUNDING OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN SPAIN based on unofficial English translations of the Law on the Funding of Political Parties, the Law on the General Electoral Regime, as well as the Law on Political Parties This Opinion has benefited from contributions made by Ingrid van Biezen (OSCE/ODIHR Core Group of Experts on Political Parties) Fernando Casal Bértoa (OSCE/ODIHR Core Group of Experts on Political Parties) Ömer Faruk Genckaya (OSCE/ODIHR Core Group of Experts on Political Parties) Barbara Jouan-Stonestreet (OSCE/ODIHR Core Group of Experts on Political Parties) Richard Katz (OSCE/ODIHR Core Group of Experts on Political Parties) Lisa Klein (Campaign Finance Expert) Alice Thomas (International Human Rights Expert) OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Ulica Miodowa 10 PL-00-251 Warsaw ph. +48 22 520 06 00 fax. +48 22 520 0605 This Opinion is based on unofficial English translations of the laws submitted for review, which are annexed to this Opinion. Errors from translation may result. The Opinion is also available in Spanish. However, the English version remains the only official version of the document. OSCE/ODIHR Opinion on Laws Regulating the Funding of Political Parties in Spain TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 3 II. SCOPE OF REVIEW ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]