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Download (824Kb) Key for the identification of the East African marine fishes to family level Item Type article Authors Matthes, H. Download date 04/10/2021 10:02:11 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/35452 / ,~. ~I' •.• SPONSORS Hydrobiologists from East, Central and West Mrica with substantial support from other Mrican countries, Fishery Scientists in the United States, Canada, U.K., Europe and the Soviet Union. EDITOR Dr. John Okedi, Director E.A.F.F.R.O., Jinja, Uganda. SUB-EDITOR S. WanaIl'ibwa (Mrs.) EDITORIAL BOARD Dr. L. Obeng, Director, Institute ofAquatic Mr. W. A. Sichone, Fisheries Department, Biology, Achimota, Ghana. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Mr. :N. Odero, Director, FIsheries Division, Mr. V. O. Sagua, Director, Kainji Lake Nairobi, Kenya. Research Project, Nigeria. Mr. S. N. Semakula; p,ermanent Secretary, Mr. R. E. Morris, Director, EAMFRO Ministry of Animal Resources, Kampala, Zanzibar. Uganda. Professor A. F. De Bont, Universite de Professor Mohamed Hyder, University of Kinshasa, Republique Democratique du Nairobi, Kenya. Zaire. Professor W. B. Banage, University of Mr. G. E. B. Kitaka, Deputy Director zambia, Lusaka. EAMFRO, Zanzibar. Professor A. M. A. Imevbore, University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. PROGRAMME The Mrican Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries will only accept original and well supported ideas on techniques, methodology and research findings frorp. scientists, fishery officers, fishery economists and sociologists. The Journal will therefore strengthen the Mrican research scientist by making research ;vaterial available and also increasing the awareness and utility of a.quatiQ resources. ~ts quality will conform to International standards, and will be published in English and French. ~USCRIPT ADDRESS Manuscripts should be addressed to E.A.F.F.R.O., East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organi~on, East African Community, Box 343, Jinja, Uganda. REPRINTS Authors will receive 60 reprints free of charge. Extra reprints may be procured on cost. PUBLISHER East Mrican Literature Bureau, P.O. Box 30022, Nairobi, Kenya. ISSUES The Journal consists of one volume a yeaf, consisting of two issues with approximately eighty pages each. SUBSCRIPTION Annual subscription within East Africa Shs. 35. Outside East Mrica, East Mrican Shs. 70, US $ 10.00. KEY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE EAST AFRICAN MARINE FISHES TO FAMILY LEVEL DR. H. MAT1H~S Kunduchi Fisheries Institute P.O. Box 23126, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Present address: 15 spoghdlan Driehus (Valsett) Holland INTRODUCTION i.e.: I have endeavoured to produce a field A-a key to the families of shatks and rays key, using pradical!y only external characters. (Chodrichthyes). easily visible, measurahle or at least ob­ B-a key to the orders and/or sub-orders servable under a low-power magnifying of bony fishes (Teleosts). lens. This has proved very difficult and hence C-a key to the families of Teleosts. it is absolutely necessary to carefully read This will facilitate its practical use, since the explanatory notes first, before attempting workers in the field who are already familiar to use the key. with the fishes can skip one or more parts TIlis key is relevant only /0 the E. African and go directly to the section 'required if marine Fi.l'hf'.I' already recorded or likely he is sure of the higher category into which to occur in this area and hence covers the the specimen to be identified t~l1s. Western Indian Ocean from Somalia to Simple line drawings have been provided Mozambique, excluding Mauagascar, Sey­ as necessary to illustrate salient morpho­ chelles, etc. logical chatacters. It is hoped to plOduce TIle brackishwater fishe;; as well as the likewise a key to the genera jn the ncar strictly marine ones are-included. No Cyclo­ future. stomes have been recorded from E. African waters and this key wiH therefore only cover EXPlANATORY NOTES TO THE the cartilaginous and bony fishes. "KEYS" Family names as used in SMITH (1965) Just like in most determination keys this are bracketed after the name used here, one is based on the "either-or" principle, jf it differs. i.e. there is a single alternatIve at each point. The orders/sub-orders have been keyed A specimen ~ither fits all the characten out in the sequence in which they occur recorded, or fails to conform to one or more in the modern classification as proposed by characters and you should then proceed to GREENWOOD e, ai, 1966. the next number. keeping this up until the The key consists essentially of three parts, fish to be identified does fit all the characters, 94 DR. H. MATIHES Because of the close similarity of many anal and caudal and dorsal and caudal fins. FINLET; Sma characters. it is essential to have a clear CIRRI: Fringes a round mouth, usually of a single bl I I and unambiguous understanding of every smaller structures than barbels. and Anal fin: word in the key. The terminology used is CLASPERS: Male reproductive organs FIN FORMUI as precise as possible and eJ'ery word is attached to the ventral fins of sharks, A. XII 16 signijicam. The following definitions and skates, rays and chimaeras. (roman num illustrations will help to make everything COMPRESSED: Flattened from one side V-1-18~ clear and should be referred to when identi­ to the other. 2nd Dorsal fying difficult specimens. CONFLUENT: Joined together. rays; single, If any category is not keyed out further, CTENOID: Refers to scales with rough splny rays a e.g. no further than sub-order, either the edges, due to being minutely spinolis roman num characters used are sufficient to identify or pectinated. single rays the family (mentioned in brackets) or that CYCLOID: Refers to scales with smooth D. XXlII category (subord., Fam.) has not been edges, not· ctenoid, but concentrically with 23 spin recorded with certainty from our area. striate. and 16 soft DENTATE: With tooth-like notches. separate finl EXPLANATION OF TERMS DENTICLE: A little tooth; denticulate; A range ADIPOSE EYELID: Broad fatty eyelid, scales in Chondrichthyes. press.ed as covering most or part of eye. DEPRESSED: Flattened vertically, as in o - I ID­ ADIPOSE FIN: Fleshy fin-like projection all skates and rays. (0) 12 = on the back behind dorsal fin. DEPTH: Usually refers to maximum vertical 2nd Dorsa AIR, BLADDER: A sac filled with air diameter of body and to the proportional soft rays, placed below the backbone. Also called relation length/depth; i.e. depth: 4 means to 12 finl swim bladder. the fish is 4 times longer than deep. followed b; ANAL; Refers to the vent or anus. DEXTRAL: Referring to right-handed lIat between fil ANAL FIN; Fin on median line of body fishes. In this family at an early stage (+)itmea' behind vent; noted in key as: A. one-eyed migrates and comes to lie next into two, ANAL PAPiLlA: A fleshy projection at to its fellow on either the left or right FOREHEAI the vent. side of the fIsh, The fish lies either on its GILL ARC BARBEL: Long, slender, fleshy projection left or right side after completion of the gills are I around the mouths of certain fishes; eye migration. A fiatfish with both eyes GILL MElI may be single (median) on the chin, or on the right side is designated dextral. supported period, or up to 4 pairs, as in catfishes. DORSAL: Relating to the back. Dorsal closing g BICUSPID: Two-pointed, usually refers to fin noted as: D. GILL SU­ teeth. ELECTRICAL ORGAN: e.g. in the electric back part BRANCHIOSTEGALS: Bony rays sup­ ray, situated in body on each side of head forward porting membranes under the head below consisting of specialized cells with many its simply the opercular bones. Mostly used to nerves. In shark' determine generic or family characters. EMARGINATE: Slightly forked or notched, formed : CANINES: Any conical teeth in jaws larger especially with reference to the caudal each side or longer than others. fin. GILL RA CARDIFORM; Refers to slender teeth EXOSKELETON: Outer skeleton, or such jectionSj set closely like those of a card or comb. hard parts of the body surface as scutes arch. V CAUDAL FIN: Fin at or on the tail; and scales. numero noted as: C. FALCATE: Sickle-shaped, often with reo or entir CAUDAL PEDUNCLE: Region between ference to the pectoral fin. IMBRIC1 I KE'i FOR EAST AfRICAN MARINE FISH 95 icaudal fins. FINLET: Small. detached fins composed on a roof. ~h. usualJy of a single brached ray hehind the Dorsal INFRAORBITALS: Arch of small bones rbels. and Anal fins, e.g. in Srnmbridae (Tunas). along lower roge of eye. ive organs FIN FORMuLA: Counts of fin rays, e.g. INTEROPERCLE: Membrane bone at­ of sharks, A. XII 16 ~ Anal with 12 spiny rays rached between prcoperde and bran- (roman numerals) andJ6 soft rays; D. chiostegals. aI one side V + I 8 ~ first Dorsal with 5 spines: INTERORBITAL: Space between the 2nd Dorsal with one spine and 8 soft orbits. rays; single, but not necessarily strongly ISTHM US: Support of chest with the with rough spiny rays are sometimes noted in smaH throat; usually between the branchial ely spinous roman numerals, e.g. D. iv 10 (with 4 cavities. singh:': rays and 10 soft, branched rays); KEEL: A raised ridge, usually on calldal lith smooth D. XXlII -1 I 16 + R ~ 1st Dorsal peduncle in fish~s. mcentrically with 23 spines, 2nd Dorsal with one spine LATERAL LINE: A series of muciferous and 16 soft rays, followed hy a series of tubes along each sid.e of the body forming )tches. separate finlcts. a raised line; noteo in scale counts as; denticulate; A range of fimay counts may be ex­ L.L.
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