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INDIAN MUSIC A02484b ML 3557 GJac ETUDE Class_ 153 Book_ _ MUSICAL BOOKLET LI 8 R.AR. Y Acces: � !.}":)LJ.. Vole�---- INDIAN MUSIC A02484b _, THURLOW LIEURANCE � !HARLES WAKEFIELD CADMAN MORRISON LIBRARY .. OF THE ARTHUR NEVIN Municipal Universityif'Wichita WICHITA, KANSAS THIS ITEM HAS BEEN BOXED FOR CIRCULATION THIS BOOK AND BOX MUST •PKll.ADEl.l'KIA• REMAIN TOGETHER AT ALL TIMES THEODORE. PRE.SSE.I\. CO. 1711 CHlSTNUT STllll.T DATE DUE INDIAN MUSIC THURLOW LIEURANCE CHARLES W AKEPIELD' CADMAN ;c- ::.;: ARTHUR NEVIN THEETUDB • MUSlQAL BOOKLET LIBRARY 1 ., : : ' ' �- . : .. ,.. l .; • ;. :· ! � .. "· ···· •• �· ::· t l • .J • .. � .,f • "' ; • i \, � I l · ' . "'.. PRINTED IN U.S.A. THEODORE PRESSER CO. 1712·1714 Chestnut Street PHlLACELFHIA Da te________ _{�::::lfl::.3L_.____ --------- THE MUSICAL SOUL OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN THURLOW By Thurlow Lieurance LIEURANCE Thurlow Lieurance ivas born at Oskaloosa, Iowa, March 21, 1880. His father was a physi­ cian. His ecirly train·ing was as a cometist in the town band. He the1i sttidied under the fin­ est instrumentalist, Herman Bellstedt. At the age of eighteen he enlisted ·in the United States Army, became a bandmaster in the 1'wenty­ Copyright, 1928, by second Kansas Regiment and served through the Theodo,-e Presser Co. Spanish-.America1i War. He saveil, $400 ancl went to the Cincinnati Gonservato,·y, where he studiecl composition under Frank Van der Stticken, voice under W. L. Ster.ling and, piano 1mder Ollie Dickenshied, score reading under BeUstedt and Van der Stiicken. When all his money was spent he took a pos-itfon as chorus man in Savage's Castle Square Opera Company ., at a salary of $10 a week. Dwring two years he .. " e . .. .. .. "- .. studied fifty different operas, f'anging from . '.' . ' ·. "Pina[ore" to "1'annhiiuser'' and fro-m his meage,· salary purchased a complete score of every work he hacl sung. Standing in the wings he f'eviewed the opera at every perfonn­ ance. Then he became a teacher in a small Kansas village. He next organized the Ameri­ can Band, which played on the Chautauqua circuits for several seasons. In 1903 the United Kan. States Government employed Lieurance to make Indian reco-rds at the Grow Reservation, where '1�0.91· . his brother was a physician. He made many \...C: 2.. 1 :i..tJ.S4r.. I have said that there are scales of civiliza­ reco ds which are now kept muler seaJ, at the tion among the American Indian, precisely as : a�1oug any o�her race. There are good In­ "f!at1onal lli'ttseum at Washington. He has made . innttmerable records which are preserved in dia�s, bad Indians, �telhgent Indians, ignorant many great imiversities here andabroad. He Indians, skilled Indians, unskilled Indians just as. one might expect the same to be tr�e of h�s visite<l �nd made _records from a score of dtfferent tribes, making prolonged stays at Ital�ans, �ussians, English, or Chinese. Some ma y 1,laces. u_pon one occasion a wagon i,pon Indian tribes are very much more musical than '/}' _ wli-ich he was rulmg in the Yellowstone vn mid- others, as some arc much more artistic than 1cinter broke down, throwing one companion others. Some are unquestionably very savage d wn a ravine half a mile deep and injur-ing when aroused, while others are, in many ways, � as peaceable as any of the other races of the Lie1trance_ _ so that, together ioith the consequent freezing in a temperature of 20 degrees be­ world. Of course, there have been many efforts made low zer�, his legs became crippled for Zife. Th1s_ is one of the great setcrifices that Lieu­ to show the connection between the Asiatic races rance has made to preserve.Indian music. Mr. and. the American Ind�an. It is, to my mind, Lieurance's beautiful songs have had an inter­ a mJStake to g1·oup Indians as either Mongolian nat�onal success antl stand as et foremost or Malay. They have been in America such an achievement in American Indian music. indisputably long time that they are in every sense of t?e word "Americans." If they are not Amencans, how can we call ourselves To know the heart and soul of the American i ! Redman has been the dream of my life. This I Americans'/ The arts a.nd crafts of the Incas �rnnclerful race which, in its branches, had man­ of South America, the Aztecs of Mexico and ifested a remarkable phase of civilization long Yucatan, reaching back one or two thousand bcfor� Colmnbus ever �.reamed of coming t� years, point to a civ:ilization which is still a _ source of astonishment to the ethnologists and A�er1ca has a fasc�nahon for the intelligent white man who realizes that in all civilization archreologists. there is a scale of character from the lowest to the highest . EARLY EXPERIENCES . It ha'> been my �ortune to live for long pe­ nocls among the different tribes of Indians in My father was a physician, a pioneer doctor. vari us part.s of the country. Members of my He went out on the plains of Kansas at the time ? when the buffalo was being driven still farther family h:i,�e maITied into Indian families, and few musiC1ans have ever had the intimate op­ west. I was born March 21, 1880, but I still portunities that we have had to investigate the remember t�e wagon tra�ns moving along the music of the-American Redman. I have taken Arkansas River laden with buffalo meat and innumerable notations and phonograph records hides. They passed our little sod house in long of the melodies played by my Indian friends persistent lines. As a child I llClpecl tan and for "the hides in order to prepare them and have had ever-increasing- opportunities to care observe the l'ich mine of beauty which these for the wagon trains. melodies contain. 3 2. We lived near the Pawnee Rock where Kit Carson fought many a battle with the Indians. contraption or an artificial invention, makes it the hardest folk music to record. It comes right As a hoy my playmates and I spent innumcr­ from the heart of nature and this gives it a a!Jlc hours on this famous rock "playing In­ classical feature which likewise makes it endur­ dian," and even as a child I was attracted to ing in character and i;tyle. The Indian sings all Indian mu�ic and songs. I was able to begin to collect Indian themes and to color them with his songs entirely in unison, he has 110 harmony harmony. �y broth�r, after his graduation excep� occasionaUy accidental harmony. from a !11edical college, took up practice amon"' In 1913 the following singers Standing the Iuchans and married into the race. I used Buffalo, Beaver, ,var Bonnet, Hand a Deer, to visit him at differenttimes and once when on Buckskin Star, Mountain A11·ow and Black l!1e Crow I_lescrvatiom,, I met a Geru:an scien­ Bird sang for me the following songs, in one tist who pomted out to me that right here in this single e\"ening at the Pueblo near Taos, N. 1\L: country there was so much vCJ·y new and ori.,.i11a! "Sundown Song,'' "Buffalo Dance Song," "Deer thematic material for the composer. It w:s he Dance Song," "Hand Game Song," "Turtle who made me think that someday our natfre Dance Song," ''Vi:.;itors Returning to the Estufa," '"Villow Dance Song," and "Pueblo Indian themes wot!Jd form. a part· of the warp and woof of American music, as old Hungarian Spring," played on a flute. _ These same singers i;:ang songs they had heard mcl�d1es have been woven into the texture of musical Hungary. I have melodies and records from the following tribes: of material sufficient to furnish hundreds of Ute, "Squaw Dance Song"; Arapahoe, "Owl Dance Song"; Sioux, "War Song"; Navahoe, compo�ers th�mcs. And it is my ambition to put t�is out m such a way that the musician "Washing Song," and tm·ee personal Jove songs. who will make the sacrifices at this time to come J1cre and harken to the real call of the wild will lNTERESTIXG LF.GENDS have mat�rial to give _to posterity. Th�re 1s a term with the Indian-anything This shows the variety of just one group of t�at 1s "good medicine" is all right. The In­ songs in one tribe. It also shows their liking �Jian seems_ to_ c!�edit m� with the power to givt' for the songs of,other h·ibes. From the above g�od mcchc�e. I gamed their confidence and it has been possible for me to harmonize only lh1s O!)Ce gamed opened the flood-gates of their five as I have not had time on account of the melodies: Strange to say, American singers were � little slow to realize the beauties of this vast amount of material I have from other material. W�en such an artist as Julia Culp tribes. It is very easy to sec how readily such came to Amenca, she saw at once the value of themes could be swept away hy the course of the genuine indigenous music when artistically cinJizntion in a comparatively few years. They ananged and placed a group of three of my all would have been gone were it not for the songs on h<'rprogram. splendid effoi·ts of such people as Carlos The very fact that Indian music is of such Troyer, A.lice Fletcher, Franrt's Densmore, Na­ spontaneous, natural origin, tllat it is not a talie Curtis, La Hesche, and other fellow-investi­ gators and collectors who havo saved many of 4 5 .
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