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VOL. V, ISSUE II, JULY 2016 IMPACT FACTOR 2.489 (SJIF) ISSN 2277-8071 AN INTERNATIONAL REFEREED, PEER REVIEWED AND INDEXED QUARTERLY JOURNAL IN ARTS, COMMERCE, EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES Research Paper in Nativism and Post 1980 Marathi Novel English Dr. Jagdish S. Patil Head, Dept. of English, Dhanaji Nana Mahavidyalaya, Faizpur, Dist: Jalgaon (M.S.) Prashant Ramesh Dhande Research Scholar, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon Abstract Bhalchandra Nemade’s literary practice established him as a Jnanpeeth Awardee author along with popularity and recognition. In addition to this he set out his own geo-civilised track of criticism nomenclature as desivad roughly translated into English as ‘Nativism’. His theoretical foundation of Nativism and literary synchronise with each other and influenced the post 1980 Indian writers especially the Marathi writers. The present paper is an attempt to view the post 1980 development of Marathi novel in the light of Nemade’s theory of Nativism. Keywords Nativism, Desi, Marathi Novel, Nemade, Values. Writers and artists cannot flower out of the are noticed in his literary career. 1. Publication of conditioning soil. They themselves and their his first novel Kosala (1963) which transformed the creativity is always an outcome of the time and the whole scenario of Marathi literature altogether. 2. contemporary geo-civilized aspects as well as socio- His presentation of two papers – ‘Marathi economic facets. On the contrary the development Kadambari: Prerana va Swarup’ (1980) and ‘The through adopt, adapt and adept phases can also be concept of Nativism in Literature’ (1983) in two noticed in the history of the renaissance of separate academic seminars. These essays implied humanism. The scholarly traditions are always the theoretical foundation of his mission which welcomed for the progress of humanity. These subsequently emerged as desivad. And 3. The various traditions when confront with each other publication of the first part of his long-awaited they modify themselves towards more progressive Hindu Quartet in 2010. ‘Hindu Jaganyachi Samrudh perspective. However, on Indian subcontinent two Adagal, suggestive of his mega project of cultural distinct traditions Margi and desi as contemplated excavation of the whole of the Hindu civilization, by Prof. Bhalchandra Nemade can be clearly which he regards as a geographical entity rather distinguished from each other. After colonization than religious connotation. This shift of focus from of India by British the third current is separately the Marathi culture to the civilization of the whole represented as Videsi tradition on the horizon of of the continent suggests a very wide panorama of Indian literary scenario. Nemade has attempted to his thought. It is observed that his thought of establish a separate desi tradition trough his nativism which is the backbone of his creative as propoundation of the notion of Nativism and his well as critical writing have had a great impact on own literary practices. Marathi literature in the last fifty years or so. Bhalchandra Nemade’s indelible Keeping aside the impact of desivad on the contribution in Marathi literature in not only whole of Marathi literature, the present discussion because of the appeal and popularity of his novels is limited only to the direct or indirect influence of but also because of the height of critical discipline Nemade’s nativism on the Marathi novel written he taught to Marathi literature. Three major shifts after 1980s, that is after Nemade’s theoretical VOL. V, ISSUE II, JULY 2016 IMPACT FACTOR 2.489 (SJIF) ISSN 2277-8071 AN INTERNATIONAL REFEREED, PEER REVIEWED AND INDEXED QUARTERLY JOURNAL IN ARTS, COMMERCE, EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES declaration of the strain of nativism in his focal a culture, this culture becomes nativistic. It essays. It is not assumed here that the novelists and becomes aggressive and insisting. Such insisting novels discussed right with the avowed stance of form of nativicity is called nativism. Otherwise nativism in their novels. The focus is on the nativicity statically exists in every culture, which influence of Nemade’s concept of novel and the operates the internal structures of that culture. It desi views clearly discernible in post 1980 novels in does not mean that a certain culture is perfect in all Marathi. the spheres of life and does not need anything from In his essay ‘Marathi Kadambari: Prerana va the alien cultures. Nativism advocates the Swarup 1857-1975’ Nemade clearly states his borrowing as well as absorbtion of the necessary concept of novel- “The novel can be said to be a elements from the alien cultures. Rather it form of literature which has a large verbal space, automatically happens in the acculturation. This multi-layered and complex theme, and, which, process of borrowing and absorbing is called therefore, offers scope for a complex structure, nativisation. If the nativisation is done by fair characters and situations that incline more towards means and on the terms of the borrower culture’s completeness than towards incompleteness. Owing terms then it can nourture the borrower culture. to such characteristics it becomes possible for the Viewed in the light of the above novel to present a significant action in its fullness. theorisation, Nemade’s insisting views on language, It can contain and present a large-as-life social social reality, neo morality, rational truth-seeking, meaning, the life of a sub-culture or sub-group in caste system and orality are not only reflected in his detail, an entire cross section of a particular period own novels but also have had a great impact on the or society, and can handle a social problem with all novels written in Marathi after 1980s.The novelists its entanglements. Its themes are self-sufficient and like Ranganath Pathare, Rajan Gavas, Babarao characters consistent and capable of existing on Musale, Sadanand Deshmukh, Sheshrao Mohite, their own.”(Nemade, 2009 A: 104) Krishna Khot, G. K. Enapure have prominently Furthermore, the help of the critical essays expressed Nemade’s desi conscience in their novels. published in ‘Teekaswayamwara’ (1990) and in his Depiction of social reality is a marked tendency later elaborate deliberations in Nativism (2009), the seen in the Marathi novel after 1980s. The nature of nativism can be summarised briefly as novelists such as Babarao Musale, Ganesh Awate, follows- Being desi (native) means being attached to Sheshrao Mohite, Sadanand Deshmukh, Krishnat our own land or soil. The attachment to our own Khot, Mahenda kadam are the prominent Marathi land intuitively strengthens our relations with the novelists whose novels reflect various facets of desi language, traditions, art forms, literature, music social realism related to the agricultural and rural and the whole of the socio-cultural activities going societies in Maharastra. on, on that land. In fact our very existence is Rangnath Pathare’s earlier novels ‘Haran’, dignified on the background of our geo-civilised ‘Dive Gelele Divas’, ‘Rath’, ‘Chakravyuh’, are the heritage. Our geo-cultural space provides the ‘stories’ in the Nemadean sense, but his ‘Tamrapat’ material, values, forms and stylistic principles to (1994) is the most important portrait of the post- our expression. Every human society develops its independence political scenario. Written against own culture with such bondage of land. Every such the background of the Maratha community in culture is unique and autonomous. This culture is Ahamadnagar district of Maharastra, it covers wide always conscious about the desiyata (nativicity) range of issues in a comprehensive time and space. inherent in it. But if the attempts would be made The power politics between the old and the new to impose some values, language or systems on such generation, the gradual sidelining of the old www.ycjournal.net RESEARCH NEBULA 115 VOL. V, ISSUE II, JULY 2016 IMPACT FACTOR 2.489 (SJIF) ISSN 2277-8071 AN INTERNATIONAL REFEREED, PEER REVIEWED AND INDEXED QUARTERLY JOURNAL IN ARTS, COMMERCE, EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES unselfish, devoted idealistic politicians and the living prove futile and his nephew Shriram, an emergence of the new corrupt, crafty and tactful agriculture graduate has to despair in the end. ones, the cooperative movements constantly Sadanand Deshmukh’s novels Tahan keeping alive the political spirit, the use of (1998), Baromas (2002), and Charimera (2010) are educational institutions for political mileage, Dalit the most significant nativistic novels because of issue, election-oriented tricks and tracks, the realistic themes, abundance of events and awakening in the various strata of society and the situations, the use of rural dialect and folk- complications arose thereby etc. are the multiple elements, the moral standpoint of the author and themes the novelist has handled with minute the prose style that relates to orality. Tahan with its details. Though the novel is a representative of the background of draught in the village is the tragedy western Maharastra kind of politics, it is a very of a person, Baban who is ignorant of the desi serious comment on the overall post-independent values of compassion towards creatures and the Indian politics. ‘dharma of water’ in our civilistion. Baromas is a Babarao Musale’s novels of rural vidarbha family saga of Ekanath, a learned but unemployed background present the pathetic but truthful young man. This novel vividly points out the causes portraits of farmers and the Balutedars. His ‘Halya of suicides

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