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Power of Sanskrit 09/03/2014 WEBPAGE: http://www.translink.profkrishna.com E-mail: [email protected] rofkrishna.com p www. वागतम ् amurthy, Singapore n n Swaagatham N. Krishnamurthy 23 February 2014 www.profkrishna.com Copyright: Dr. N. Krish Consultant, Singapore 1 Acknowledgements and Scope of talk ी गुयो नमः (shri gurub’yo’ namaha) Thanks to Singapore Dakshina Bharatha Brahmana Sabha, and Sri Srinivasan and all members of the rofkrishna.com Sabha Committee for organising this event for me to p p launch my transliteration scheme KrishnaDheva. www. Thanks also to the Sanskrit scholars here, as well as those who have come to learn how to pronounce Sanskrit correctly in English. This talk will not be a religious discourse amurthy, Singapore n This talk will not be a Sanskrit tutoring class This talk will simply be my sharing with you how to: Write down in simple English (KrishnaDheva) any Sanskrit material without special rules, and, Copyright: Dr. N. Krish Read Sanskrit correctly from KrishnaDheva. 2 1 09/03/2014 Starting off The wrong things we say: Sri should be s’ri Siva or Shiva should be s’iva rofkrishna.com p Krishna should be kr+shna www. Visaka should be vis’a’k’a’ Shuklambaradharam should be s’ukla’mbaradh’aram Vrishaba raasi should be vr+shab’a ra’s’ihi amurthy, Singapore n Kowsika gothra should be kaus’ika go’thra … and so on! Copyright: Dr. N. Krish 3 http://sanskritdocuments.org/news/subnews/NASASanskrit.txt Power of Sanskrit – a In ancient India the intention to discover truth was so consuming, that in the process, they discovered perhaps the most perfect tool for fulfilling such a search that the world has ever known – the Sanskrit language. rofkrishna.com p p Sanskrit has been spoken for 4000-7000 years that www. appears to be in every respect a perfect language designed for enlightened communication. This, the world's oldest spiritual language is the only unambiguous spoken language on the planet. amurthy, Singapore n Until 1100 A. D., Sanskrit was without interruption the official language of the whole of India. The extraordinary thing about Sanskrit is that it offers direct accessibility by anyone to that elevated plane Copyright: Dr. N. Krish where the two, mathematics and music, brain and heart, analytical and intuitive, scientific & spiritual become one. 4 2 09/03/2014 http://sanskritdocuments.org/news/subnews/NASASanskrit.txt Power of Sanskrit – b Fundamentally Sanskrit generates clarity and inspiration. Sanskrit after all is the language of mantra – words of power that are subtly attuned to the unseen harmonies of the matrix of creation, the world as yet unformed. rofkrishna.com p The bas ic a ttitu de towar ds learn ing Sans kr it in In dia www. today is, "It's too difficult." Actually Sanskrit is not difficult. On the contrary, there are few greater enjoyments. Its 49 unique sounds are based on clear distinctions of individual letters such as location of resonance and tongue position. amurthy, Singapore n The scr ip t use d to dep ic t wr itten S ansk rit is known as Devanaagari or that "spoken by the Gods“. Suitably for Sanskrit, it is a perfect system of phonetic representation. Its precise interrelationship of words describes activity of Copyright: Dr. N. Krish persons and things in time and space, regardless of word order. Sanskrit and computers are a perfect fit. 5 My Sanskrit Background Learnt Amarakosa (Sanskrit Thesaurus) from family Vadhyaar as a boy. rofkrishna.com Took two years of Sanskrit as p p second language in B.Sc. www. Developed computer programme and wrote a paper on computerisa- tion of Panini’s Sandhi rules (Won a Prize!) amurthy, Singapore n Studied about one year of Vedha under Padhmanabha Vadhyaar at Singapore Developed KrishnaDheva (from 2008) Copyright: Dr. N. Krish Copyrighted in India in 2013 6 3 09/03/2014 Panini – Grammarian Pāṇini (4th century BC) (पािणिन, "descendant of Paṇi"), was a Sanskrit grammarian of ancient India. rofkrishna.com p He was born in Pushkalavati, www. now in Pakistan. Pāṇini is known for his Ashta- dhyayi (अटायायी, meaning "eight chapters") Sanskrit amurthy, Singapore n n grammar, represented in 3,959 rules, as the foundatio- nal text of grammatical branch of the Vedanga, the auxiliary scholarly disciplines of Vedic Copyright: Dr. N. Krish religion [Hinduism] . 7 How we will use English in KrishnaDheva The rule in English pronunciation is that there are no rules for English pronunciation. Non- (Short (Short Indian अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए) ए ऐ ओ) ओ औ rofkrishna.com p p a bank allow far say e sure ear even end www. i fir ink is final o son song women to two one ghost u mule sun put sure The only way we will use English vowels in KrishnaDheva will be as follows K-D allow ink put end one ee owe amurthy, Singapore NOT aey ai you n (long i) (long o) We cannot change English, to make it sound more consistent in pronunciation. But we can use the sounds of English alphabet to echo the sounds of Sanskrit and other languages. Copyright: Dr. N. Krish This is called ‘Transliteration’. 8 4 09/03/2014 Transliteration Risk : Tamil to English & back Tamil English Back to Tamil அவன் Avan அவன் thambi, dhambi, thampi, dhampi rofkrishna.com தம்பி தம்பி p pathmaa, padhmaa, bhathmaa, www. பத்மா bhadhmaa பத்மா kantharvan, kandharvan, கந்தர்வன் gantharvan, gandharvan கந்தர்வன் பழம் pazham, bazham பழம் amurthy, Singapore n ராமா rama [raama] ரமா [ராமா] கிலி gili, kili கிலி, கிளி க்ருஷ்ணா krushna க்ருஷ்னா பல்லி palli, balli பல்லி, பள்ளி Copyright: Dr. N. Krish தமிழ் Tamil [thamizh] டமில் [தமிழ்] 9 Transliteration Risk : English to Tamil & back English Tamil Back to English joy ஜாய் joy queen க்வன்ீ queen rofkrishna.com p p clementi க்ெளெமன்டி clementi www. boy paai, baai பாய் tree ட்r tree, dree april ஏப்rல் epril, ebril thing திங்க் thing, dhing, think, dhink amurthy, Singapore n ant [and] ஆன்ட், ஏன்ட் aant, aand, eynt, eynd fan ஃபான், ஃேபன் fpaan, fpane zoo ஜு, சூ joo, choo Padhmaa, Pathmaa, Padma Copyright: Dr. N. Krish பத்மா Bhathmaa, Bhadhmaa 10 5 09/03/2014 Power of Sanskrit Letters and Words In Sanskrit, single letters, compound letters, and 2 letter words may have deep meanings. (Here + means add!) उमा उ + मा [uma’ u & ma’] = Stressful penance & don’t rofkrishna.com p iD’ti.e. Don’t over-sti[train [– Also anger & d on ’t, ?] www. सािक्ष सह + अिक्ष [sa’kshi saha & akshi] = With & sight i.e. witnessed साबिशव सह + अब + िशव amurthy, Singapore [sa’mbas’iva saha & amba & s’iva] n = Together with & Divine Mother & Siva i.e. Siva with Parvathi (Ardha-Nareeswara) परीक्षा पिर + ईक्षा [pari’ksha pari & i’ksha] Copyright: Dr. N. Krish = Thoroughly investigate 11 Importance of Pronunciation Proper pronunciation of mantra-s is crucial to produce the intended effect. When intention and sound are both going in the same rofkrishna.com direction, the likelihood that the desired result will p p occur is maximized. www. If the mantra is mispronounced, unpredictable effects may ensue. Even in non-religious usage, pronunciation is important amurthy, Singapore मम वजनाः mama svajana’ha = my own people n मम वजनाः mama s’vajana’ha = my dog’s friends Copyright: Dr. N. Krish 12 6 09/03/2014 Aspirates In Sanskrit (and some other Indian languages) there are unaspirated & aspirated versions of certain consonants Unaspirated Aspirated (Alpa-praana) (Mahaa-praana) rofkrishna.com p क ka k’a ख www. ग ga g’a घ च cha ch’a छ ज ja j’a झ ट ta t’a ठ amurthy, Singapore n n ड da d’a ढ Aspirated tha th’a त थ a puff of air द dha dh’a ध must come प pa p’a फ out when Copyright: Dr. N. Krish ba b’a you say it! ब भ 13 Common Languages and Krishna-Dheva rofkrishna.com p p www. amurthy, Singapore n Copyright: Dr. N. Krish 14 7 09/03/2014 Avagraha ‘Avagraha’ [denoted by “ ”, NOT the letter “S”!] simply means that the joining letter ‘a’ is omitted. The “a” sound is glided over, half pronounced. rofkrishna.com Then the combination may take on a different sound. p In KrishnaDheva, “a” in brackets, i.e. “(a)” may be www. sufficient to indicate this. िशवः & अहम ् = s’ivaha & aham = s’ivo’(a)ham amurthy, Singapore Chandra-bindhu n n Denotes that the character is nasalised (and not vocal) o’m b’u’hu o’m b’uvaha o’gm suvaha In KrishnaDheva, Chandra-bindhu [ can simply be Copyright: Dr. N. Krish written as “gm” – not to be pronounced as “gum”!] 15 Sanskrit Transliteration Schemes – Vowels “samskrta” Harvard Velth Deva- IAST ITRANS SLP1 K-D = put together well -Kyoto uis nāgarī IAST = International aa aaaअ a ā AA/aaaaAआ a’ Alphabet of Sans- rofkrishna.com ii iiiइ i p p kr it Trans litera tion, ī I I/ii ii I ई i’ www. Geneva, 1894 uu uuu u उ Harvard-Kyoto = ū UU/uuuuUऊ u’ Simpler than IAST ee eeeए e’ ITRANS = Indian ai ai ai ai E ऐ ai oo ooo o’ languages translit ओ amurthy, Singapore au au au au O औ au n eration (AiAvinas h ṛ R RRi/R^i .r f ऋ r+ Chopde), 2001 ṝ RR RRI/R^I .rr F ॠ r+’ Velthuis, by Frans ḷ lR LLi/L^i .l x ऌ l+ Velthuis, 1996 ḹ lRR LLI/L^I .ll X ॡ l+’ ṃ M M/.n/.m .m M अं am Copyright: Dr.
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