Regional Oral History Office the Bancroft Library University of California Berkeley, California PART I
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Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley. California - California Jewish Community Oral History Series Ludwig Altman A WELL-TEMPERED MUSICIAN'S UNFINISHED JOURNEY THROUGH LIFE with an Introduction by Dr. Robert Kirschner Interviews Conducted by Eleanor K. Glaser and Caroline Crawford in 1988 Copyright @ 1990 by The Regents of the University of California and the Trustees of the Judah L. Wgnes Mus~u~I Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the Nation. Oral history is a modern research technique involving an interviewee and an informed intelviewe~inspontaneous conversation. The taped record is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity,, and reviewed by the interviewee. The resulting manuscript is typed in final form, indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California, the Trustees of the Judah L. Hagnes Museum, and Ludwig Altman dated December 9, 1988. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley and the Judah L. Magnes Musuem. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, 486 Library, University of California, Berkeley 94720, and should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. The legal agreement with Ludwig Altman requires that he be notified of the request and allowed thirty days in which to respond. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows : Ludwig Altman, "A Well-Tempered Musician * s Unfinished Journey Through Life," an oral history conducted in 1988 by Eleanor Glaser and Caroline Crawford, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1990. Copy no. Cataloging Information Altman, Ludwig (b. 1910) Musician A Well-Tempered Musician's Unfinished Journey Through Life, 1990, viii, 183 pp. Recollections of life in Germany and the rise of Nazism; training at the State Academy for Church and School Music; employment as organist with the WPA Orchestra in San Francisco, the Temple Emanu-El, the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, the Legion of Honor, the BBC, the San Francisco Pops Orchestra; Congregation Beth Israel; Second Church of Christ, Scientist, Berkeley; the Carmel Bach Festival; teaching at the University of California, Berkeley; reflections on the Jewish community in San Francisco; works for mechanical organ; original compositions for organ. Introduction by Robert Kirschner, Temple Emanu-El, San Francisco. Interviewed 1988 by Eleanor Glaser and Caroline Crawford for the California Jewish Community Oral History Series. The Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. DEDICATION To Congregation Emanu-El and In Memory of Rabbi Joseph Asher There is one person who must be mentioned on every page. I am speaking of my Emmy, my Pumvchen, my Emmle, my Gutele. I was thirty when we met by chance. Since I tend to delay making up my mind I had thought that I would probably stay single, having gotten too old for married bliss. And there it was, love at first sight! After three weeks I proposed and my Emmy answered with her characteristic directness: "I want a sandwich." Rabbi Reichert and Cantor Rinder officiated at our wedding, Jan Popper was the organist, and his wife Betty, the vocalist, sang Beethoven's "I Love Thee." Dearest Emmy, thanks and thanks and please God nie schlechter for this union of two better halves. --LudwigAltman Donors to the Ludwig Altman Oral History The Judah L. Magnes Museum and The Bancroft Library, in behalf of future researchers, wish to thank the following persons whose contributions made possible this oral history of Ludwig Altman. Special thanks to Rabbi Robert Kirschner, Norman Coliver, and Daniel E. Stone for their leadership. Mrs. Ludwig Altman Congregation Emanu-El Consul General of Germany Joseph Ehrman, I11 Lynn Fertman Saul Greens tein Sally and Mike Kahn Mr. Harold J . Kaufman Mrs. Muriel Leff Mr. and Mrs. Richard N. Levy Mrs. Robert C. Levy Mr. and Mrs. Raymond A. Marks Mr. and Mrs. Walter Newman Mrs. Barbara S. Rogers (Mrs. Ernest) James Schwabacher Daniel E. Stone TABLE OF CONTENTS -- Ludwig Altman PREFACE i INTRODUCTION iii INTERVIEW HISTORY v BRIEF BIOGRAPHY vii LUDWIG ALTMAN INTERVIEWED BY ELEANOR K. GLASER PART I LUDWIG ALTMAN: FAMILY AND COMMUNITY I EARLY LIFE IN BRESLAU, GERMANY, 1910-1930 Parents and Relatives Education Jewish Community I1 MOVE TO BERLIN FOR MUSICAL EDUCATION, 1930 The State Academy for Church and School Music Living Arrangements Work and Study Music on German Radio A Music Critic The Political Climate 111 MORE ON BRESLAU Family and Relatives Musical Experiences Mr. Altman's Written Thoughts Relatives German School System Breslau During World War I IV DECISION TO LEAVE GERMANY First Thoughts About Leaving, 1933 Difficulty in Obtaining U.S. Visa V ARRIVAL IN AMERICA, JANUARY 8, 1937 Stay in New York Stop in Chicago VI SAN FRANCISCO Temple Emanu-El and Ass is tance to New Immigrants Teaching Piano at San Bruno Settlement House Organist for Congregation Beth Israel Second Church of Christ, Scientist, Berkeley Bringing Parents from Germany and Marriage to Emmy VII INTERVIEW WITH EMMY ALTMAN VIII THE UNITED STATES ARMY, 1943-1945 Inducted into the Army Assigned to Army Band, Fort Mason, San Francisco Propaganda Leaflets and Other Sidelines Meeting with Thomas Mann IX RETURN TO CIVILIAN LIFE AND TEMPLE EMANU-EL Cantor Reuben R. Rinder Mrs. M.C. Sloss and Mrs. Marcus Koshland Relationships with Rabbis LUDWIG ALTMAN INTERVIEWED BY CAROLINE CRAWFORD PART 11: LUDWIG ALTMAN: A MUSICIAN'S LIFE I MUSIC INSTRUCTION IN BRESLAU Dr. Edmund Nick Bronis law von Pozniak Arthur Altmann: A Musical Uncle The Music and Anti-Semitism of Richard Wagner More About Bronislaw von Pozniak Musical Training and Experience in Breslau I1 THE BERLIN YEARS: THE STATE ACADEMY FOR CHURCH AND SCHOOL MUSIC 82 The Entrance Examination 8 2 Berlin University and the Hochschule --fGr Musik 8 3 Remembering Richard Strauss and Some Great Conductors 8 3 I11 NAZISM AND ITS EFFECT ON MUSIC AND MUSICIANS . 85 Getting Assigned to the High Holy Days Services and the Synagogue 86 Nazi Harrassment 8 9 The Kul turbund 90 Working as a Music Critic 93 Musical Life During the Weimar Republic 95 Decision to Leave Germany 96 IV COMING TO AMERICA A Call from Carnegie Hall Learning English Connections in the United States V SETTLING IN SAN FRANCISCO 103 Teaching Piano: "An Awful Profession" 104 American Recital Debut: Stanford University 105 A New Repertoire and an Experiment with Electronic Organs 106 Introduction to Alfred Hertz and Pierre Monteux 107 The WPA Orchestra 108 Piano Lessons for Leon Fleischer 109 Pierre Monteux and the French Influence: The Musical Community in the 1930s 110 VI A NEW CHAPTER: TEMPLE EMANU-EL AND OTHER POSTS 112 Working at the Temple 112 Teaching at the University of California and a Church Post 114 The Carmel Bach Festival 11 5 Performing with Arthur Fiedler 11 8 The Legion of Honor: Municipal Organist 120 Performing in Europe 121 An Important Assignment for the BBC 122 A Triumphant Return to Germany 123 A Discovery: Mozart and Works for Mechanical Organ 125 Thoughts on Composing 127 VII WORKING WITH THE SAN FRANCISCO SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA 128 An Opportunity to Perform with the WPA Orchestra 128 More About Alfred Hertz 130 The Trials of a Symphony Organist 131 Pierre Monteux: 1935-1952 134 Playing on the Hammond Organ in the Opera House Instead of a Pipe Organ 138 Enrique Jorda: 1952-1963 140 Josef Krips: 1963-1970 144 Seiji Ozawa: 1970-1977 147 A Meeting with Leonard Bernstein and Playing with Artur Rodzinski 149 The "Hocus-Pocus" about Conductors 150 VIII MORE ABOUT TEMPLE EMU-EL The Place of Music in the Jewish Service The Relationship between Cantor and Organist Cantor Rinder and the Commissioning of Works The Temple Choir Reform, Orthodox and Conservative Temples Choosing Soloists IX COMMISSIONING NEW WORKS Ernest Bloch and Frederick Jacobi Darius Milhaud's Sacred Service Ben-Haim and the Psalms Cantor Portnoy Ludwig Altman's Sacred Service and omm missions Marc Lavry Funding for Composers Programming at the Temple A New Era at Temple Emanu-El: Choosing a Successor X RECITALS AT TEMPLE EMANU-EL Acoustics and Remodeling Changing Trends in Organ Building More about Recitals XI ADDITIONAL THOUGHTS Tape Guide Index PREFACE The California Jewish Community Series is a collection of oral history interviews with persons who have contributed significantly to Jewish life and to the wider community. Sponsored by the Western Jewish History Center of the Judah L. Magnes Museum, the interviews have been produced by the Regional Oral History Office of The Bancroft Library. Moses Rischin, professor of history at California State University at San Francisco, is advisor to the series,and Ruth Rafael is Archivist. Serving as an advisory committee is the board of the Western Jewish History Center.