Balancing a Hybrid Business Model : the Search for Equilibrium at Cafédirect
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Going Fair Trade
January lO, 2011 By Hand Mr. David Vladeck, Director Bureau of Consumer Protection Federal Trade Commission 600 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20580 ~: Request for Investigation of Deceptive Practices in Advertising and Labeling _ as "Fair Trade Certified" of Certain Personal Care Products Dear Mr. Vladeck: Pursuant to the Commission's Rules, 16 c.P.R. §2.2, the Organic Consumers Association ("OCA") and All One God Faith, Inc. d/b/a Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps ("Dr. Bronner's"), respectfully request the Commission to institute an investigation of the blatantly deceptive labeling as "Pair Trade Certified" of certain personal care products, in violation of section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act. The deceptive practices at issue are those of (1) The Hain Celestial Group, Inc. ("Hain"), makers of the "Queen Helene" brand of body cleansers and lotions; (2), Avon Products, Inc., makers of the "Mark" brand of cosmetics and personal care; and (3) TransFair USA, the certifYing organization that has authorized the misleading and deceptive labeling and advertising of "Queen Helene" and "Mark" brand products as- "Fair Trade Certified" when in fact the products so labeled contain a minor amount of fair trade certified ingredients. I. Fair Trade Labeling and Advertising The tenn "fair trade" is used to denote ingredients and products, particularly agricultural products, that have been purchased from cooperatives, collectives or other groups of farmers in developing countries, who have been paid a guaranteed minimum price plus a fair trade "premium" for community development projects; who treat their farm workers in accordance with recognized standards for achieving safe and healthful working conditions; and who commit to using environmentally sustainable farming methods, among other things. -
Fairtrade Certification, Labor Standards, and Labor Rights Comparative Innovations and Persistent Challenges
LAURA T. RAYNOLDS Professor, Department of Sociology, Director, Center for Fair & Alternative Trade, Colorado State University Email: [email protected] Fairtrade Certification, Labor Standards, and Labor Rights Comparative Innovations and Persistent Challenges ABSTRACT Fairtrade International certification is the primary social certification in the agro-food sector in- tended to promote the well-being and empowerment of farmers and workers in the Global South. Although Fairtrade’s farmer program is well studied, far less is known about its labor certification. Helping fill this gap, this article provides a systematic account of Fairtrade’s labor certification system and standards and com- pares it to four other voluntary programs addressing labor conditions in global agro-export sectors. The study explains how Fairtrade International institutionalizes its equity and empowerment goals in its labor certifica- tion system and its recently revised labor standards. Drawing on critiques of compliance-based labor stand- ards programs and proposals regarding the central features of a ‘beyond compliance’ approach, the inquiry focuses on Fairtrade’s efforts to promote inclusive governance, participatory oversight, and enabling rights. I argue that Fairtrade is making important, but incomplete, advances in each domain, pursuing a ‘worker- enabling compliance’ model based on new audit report sharing, living wage, and unionization requirements and its established Premium Program. While Fairtrade pursues more robust ‘beyond compliance’ advances than competing programs, the study finds that, like other voluntary initiatives, Fairtrade faces critical challenges in implementing its standards and realizing its empowerment goals. KEYWORDS fair trade, Fairtrade International, multi-stakeholder initiatives, certification, voluntary standards, labor rights INTRODUCTION Voluntary certification systems seeking to improve social and environmental conditions in global production have recently proliferated. -
The International Fair Trade Charter
The International Fair Trade Charter How the Global Fair Trade Movement works to transform trade in order to achieve justice, equity and sustainability for people and planet. Launched on 25 September 2018 Copyright TransFair e.V. CONTENTS OVERVIEW CHAPTER THREE 03 OVERVIEW 17 FAIR TRADE’S UNIQUE APPROACH 04 ABOUT THE INTERNATIONAL FAIR 18 CREATING THE CONDITIONS TRADE CHARTER FOR FAIR TRADE 06 THERE IS ANOTHER WAY 19 ACHIEVING INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH 07 IMPORTANT NOTICE ON USE OF THIS CHARTER 19 PROVIDING DECENT WORK AND HELPING TO IMPROVE WAGES AND INCOMES 20 EMPOWERING WOMEN CHAPTER ONE 20 PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN AND INVESTING IN THE NEXT GENERATION 09 INTRODUCTION 21 NURTURING BIODIVERSITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 10 BACKGROUND TO THE CHARTER 23 INFLUENCING PUBLIC POLICIES 10 OBJECTIVES OF THE CHARTER 23 INVOLVING CITIZENS IN BUILDING 11 FAIR TRADE’S VISION A FAIR WORLD 11 DEFINITION OF FAIR TRADE CHAPTER FOUR CHAPTER TWO 25 FAIR TRADE’S IMPACT AND ACHIEVEMENTS 13 THE NEED FOR FAIR TRADE 28 APPENDIX 29 NOTES Pebble Hathay Bunano AN OVERVIEW AN OVERVIEW AN OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL FAIR TRADE CHARTER There is another way 02 03 AN OVERVIEW AN OVERVIEW “Fair Trade is based on modes of production THE RICHEST 1% NOW OWN AS MUCH WEALTH AS THE REST and trading that put people and planet before OF THE WORLD financial profit.” ABOUT THE INTERNATIONAL FAIR TRADE CHARTER All over the world and for many cen- Trade actors explain how their work con- turies, people have developed econom- nects with the shared values and generic ic and commercial relations based on approach, and to help others who work mutual benefit and solidarity. -
Experiences of the Fair Trade Movement
SEED WORKING PAPER No. 30 Creating Market Opportunities for Small Enterprises: Experiences of the Fair Trade Movement by Andy Redfern and Paul Snedker InFocus Programme on Boosting Employment through Small EnterprisE Development Job Creation and Enterprise Department International Labour Office · Geneva Copyright © International Labour Organization 2002 First published 2002 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to the Publications Bureau (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered in the United Kingdom with the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP [Fax: (+44) (0)20 7631 5500; e-mail: [email protected]], in the United States with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 [Fax: (+1) (978) 750 4470; e-mail: [email protected]] or in other countries with associated Reproduction Rights Organizations, may make photocopies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. ILO Creating Market Opportunities for Small Enterprises: Experiences of the Fair Trade Movement Geneva, International Labour Office, 2002 ISBN 92-2-113453-9 The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. -
Fair Trade 1 Fair Trade
Fair trade 1 Fair trade For other uses, see Fair trade (disambiguation). Part of the Politics series on Progressivism Ideas • Idea of Progress • Scientific progress • Social progress • Economic development • Technological change • Linear history History • Enlightenment • Industrial revolution • Modernity • Politics portal • v • t [1] • e Fair trade is an organized social movement that aims to help producers in developing countries to make better trading conditions and promote sustainability. It advocates the payment of a higher price to exporters as well as higher social and environmental standards. It focuses in particular on exports from developing countries to developed countries, most notably handicrafts, coffee, cocoa, sugar, tea, bananas, honey, cotton, wine,[2] fresh fruit, chocolate, flowers, and gold.[3] Fair Trade is a trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency and respect that seek greater equity in international trade. It contributes to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to, and securing the rights of, marginalized producers and workers – especially in the South. Fair Trade Organizations, backed by consumers, are engaged actively in supporting producers, awareness raising and in campaigning for changes in the rules and practice of conventional international trade.[4] There are several recognized Fairtrade certifiers, including Fairtrade International (formerly called FLO/Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International), IMO and Eco-Social. Additionally, Fair Trade USA, formerly a licensing -
Local Fair Trade Activity Report – April 2016 – March 2017
Local Fair Trade Activity Report – April 2016 – March 2017 Aberdeen - A new Aberdeen Fair Trade shop opened in August 2016 on Union Street and was formally opened by the Lord Provost. - Aberdeen Fairtrade were highly commended at the Fairtrade Campaign Awards 2016 by the Fairtrade Foundation for their innovative event ‘Ferry to a Fairtrade Future’ with NorthLink Ferries. - The University of Aberdeen held various events during Fairtrade Fortnight 2017 including a Fair Trade Pop-up Shop and information stall and a lecture on ‘What makes Fair Trade Fair?’ - The Scottish Fair Trade Awards 2016 were held in Aberdeen in November in Books and Beans Café. Aberdeenshire - Mid-Formartine Fairtrade Group hosted a Fairtrade Café Crawl in March to celebrate Fairtrade Fortnight where participants could collect stamps to earn free Fairtrade chocolate. - The Acorn Centre in Inverurie hosted a visit from producer Bijumon Kurian during Fairtrade Fortnight 2017. Bijumon spoke about his range of Fairtrade herbs and spices and gave guests a taste of Kerala with his cooking demonstration. - As part of Fairtrade Fortnight, Fyvie School Fairtrade Committee hosted a Big Brew event to raise awareness of Fairtrade and to celebrate their achievements as a ‘Fair Achiever’ school. Robertson House, 152 Bath Street, Glasgow G2 4TB 0141 353 5611 | [email protected] | www.sftf.org.uk Scottish Charity No: SCO39883 Scottish Company No: SC337384 Angus - Fair Trade producer Bijumon Kurian attended the Montrose Fair Trade Forum AGM during Fairtrade Fortnight 2017 to speak about his Indian Fair Trade products. - The Montrose Fair Trade Forum hosted a Fairtrade Wine Tasting event in February sponsored by Scotmid to raise funds for Traidcraft. -
Timeline of Sustainable Development (Emergence of Anthropocene)
Timeline of Sustainable Development (Emergence of Anthropocene) ~200000 years ago: appearance of modern Homo sapiens. 50000 to 10000 BCE: Quaternary (Pleistocene to Holocene) megafauna extinctions (more than half of all species >40kg, especially Australia and Americas – human predation a significant contributor). ~11700 years ago, last Ice Age ends giving rise to modern climate era and flourishing of humanity. Rock pigeons believed to be first domesticated animals about 10000 years ago. 7000 BC: Jericho (pop 2000) thought to be longest continuously inhabited city. 4000 BC: Feng Shui philosophy of harmony between environment and physical landscape. 3000 BC: Knossos, Crete believed to establish first landfill (miden). 500 BC: Athens introduces law requiring waste be dumped at least 1 mile from city; Sun Tzu’s The Art of War and strategy of resource use and planning. 202 BC: travel begins on the silk road. 376: influx of Goths into Roman Empire – thought to be pivotal point in decline of the Empire. c. 825: first appearance in print of numerical analysis by mathematicians al-Khwarizmi and al- Kindi (introduction of algebra, trigonometry – imported to Italy by Fibonacci 300 years later) 859: Fatima al-Firhi founds first degree-granting university in Fez, Morocco. 960-1279: Song dynasty flourishes in China, thought to be first to use of paper currency, earliest use of inoculations against smallpox, spreads to Ottoman Empire (becomes widespread post-1721 when Mary Wortley Montagu – wife of British Ambassador to Turkey – inoculates her own children). 1215: Magna Carta establishes English constitutional tradition. 1347: Stora Kopparberg, Sweden, oldest commercial corporation, receives Royal Charter. c. -
Fairtrade, Certification, and Labor: Global and Local Tensions in Improving Conditions for Agricultural Workers
Fairtrade, certification, and labor: global and local tensions in improving conditions for agricultural workers Laura T. Raynolds Agriculture and Human Values Journal of the Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society ISSN 0889-048X Volume 31 Number 3 Agric Hum Values (2014) 31:499-511 DOI 10.1007/s10460-014-9506-6 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media Dordrecht. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Agric Hum Values (2014) 31:499–511 DOI 10.1007/s10460-014-9506-6 Fairtrade, certification, and labor: global and local tensions in improving conditions for agricultural workers Laura T. Raynolds Accepted: 21 April 2014 / Published online: 30 April 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 Abstract A growing number of multi-stakeholder initia- Introduction tives seek to improve labor and environmental standards through third-party certification. Fairtrade, one of the most Fair trade has emerged over recent years as a popular ini- popular third-party certifications in the agro-food sector, is tiative to socially regulate global markets, particularly in currently expanding its operations from its traditional base the agro-food sector. -
The Marketing of Fair Trade Coffee and Its Implications for Sustainable Development
Mainstreaming the Alternative? The marketing of fair trade coffee and its implications for Sustainable Development Vhairi Tollan, 4th Year, Sustainable Development __________________________________________________________________________ Coffee is the most widely traded agricultural product, with consumption doubling in the last forty years as the drink has come to form part of a modern affluent lifestyle in the Global North (Tucker, 2011). While much of the literature on sustainable food production focuses on the ability of local, place-based networks to increase the resilience of their communities, coffee production brings the questions of sustainable agriculture to a global scale. Whilst it is important that communities increase their self-sufficiency by investing in local agricultural practices, the reality of today’s globalised world means that a sustainable paradigm shift is also necessary for international agricultural trade in products such as coffee. The fair trade movement has emerged to respond to the inequalities in the current system and advocate for an alternative trade model, working to pay farmers an equitable price for their products as well as re-invest money in long-term development initiatives (Raynold, 2009). As CaféDirect’s Medium Roast coffee is the only independent fair trade coffee to be sold in St Andrews’ Tesco branch, as of October 2012, this product shall be used to explore the process through which coffee is produced and traded on the international market, and explore how the product’s social justice commitments are communicated to consumers. This essay shall begin by discussing the significance of coffee and how it came to be an important cultural product, describing the commodity chain that links producers to consumers. -
The Impacts of Fair Trade Certification
The Impacts of Fair Trade Certification: Evidence From Coffee Producers in Costa Rica (Preliminary and Incomplete)∗ Raluca Dragusanu† Nathan Nunn‡ 28 February 2014 Abstract: We estimate the effects of Fair Trade (FT) certification on coffee producers in Costa Rica. We begin by examining a panel of all coffee producers between 1999 and 2010. We find that FT certification is associated with higher export prices equal to approximately 5 cents per pound. We find no evidence that certification is associated with more sales (either domestic or for export) or with higher domestic prices. Linking the mill-level information on FT certification to individual-level survey data, we find that FT certification does increase incomes, but only for skilled coffee growers and farm owners. There is no evidence that many workers, including unskilled seasonal coffee pickers, benefit from certification. Keywords: Fair Trade, poverty, education. JEL Classification: F14,F63,O13,O54. ∗We thank Marco Antonio Martinez del Angel and Stephanie Cappa for excellent research assistance, and Eduardo Montero for helping to facilitate our field visit in Costa Rica. We also thank ICAFE Costa Rica for sharing their data. We thank Laura Alfaro, David Atkin, Dave Donaldson, Erica Field, Marc Muendler, Ben Olken, Nina Pavcnik, as well as seminar participants at MIT and the NBER for valuable comments. †Harvard University. (email: [email protected]) ‡Harvard University, NBER and BREAD. (email: [email protected]) 1. Introduction Fair Trade (FT) certification offers consumers the opportunity to help lift farmers in developing countries out of poverty. The appeal of Fair Trade to ethically-minded consumers is illustrated by the impressive growth of Fair Trade certified imports over the past decade. -
Fairtrade in Dumfries and Galloway
Fairtrade in Dumfries and Galloway Issue 6 Spring 2021 Successful renewal of D&G Fairtrade Zone Status! The Fairtrade Foundation announced on 27th January 2021 that our application to renew our status has been approved! It confirms our status for the next two years. Scottish Fair Trade Forum 2020 In approving the continued Awards - Special Recognition status, the Foundation Awarded to the zone of DUMFRIES AND GALLOWAY Award – Colin Smyth MSP commented: On At the SFTF annual ceremony on 16th “It’s been fantastic to hear 27th January 2021 November 2020, Colin Smyth won the Next Renewal due: about everything that you 27th January 2023 coveted ‘Special Recognition Award’ for his have achieved in the past steadfast commitment to Fair Trade for over few years. Your group has a decade. demonstrated dedication Nominated by the Dumfries and Galloway to take your campaign Regional Fairtrade Steering Group, the forward and ensure nomination cited: Fairtrade becomes part of daily life in Dumfries and Galloway. Your team has no doubt been very busy and we appreciate the “Colin has shown sustained commitment hard work you have put in. to Fairtrade for over a decade; his support for meetings and events is incredible, We were particularly impressed by the reach of your events particularly given the demands on his time and are very pleased of the celebration on their 10th in his professional and personal life; his anniversary milestone of Dunscore and Castle Douglas chairmanship is inclusive and supportive; as Fairtrade Communities. You have managed to engage and his leadership is inspirational in that successfully with a great number of people across the region he connects our grassroots activity with the and have raised awareness through a range of interesting tangible outcomes it contributes to at local, events and also through newsletters and social media. -
Trade Standard Version 2.0.0
Trade Standard Version 2.0.0 Fair Trade USA Published: May 22, 2019 Effective: January 1, 2020 Contents Version 2.0.0 This document is available free of charge in electronic format on the Fair Trade USA Standards webpage: https://www.FairTradeCertified.org/business/standards. All rights reserved © 2019 Fair Trade USA No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, or transmitted without full attribution to Fair Trade USA. Note on Translations Translation accuracy of any Fair Trade USA standard or policy document into languages other than English is not guaranteed nor implied. For any question related to the accuracy of the information contained in the translation, refer to the official English version. Any discrepancies or differences created in the translation are not binding and have no effect for auditing or certification purposes. Contact Fair Trade USA 1901 Harrison Street, Floor 17 Oakland, CA 94612 USA Phone: (510) 663-5260 Fax: (510) 663-5264 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.FairTradeCertified.org Trade Standard May 2019 Page 2 of 71 Contents Version 2.0.0 Contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 Fair Trade USA’s Mission and Vision ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 About this Document ........................................................................................................................................................................................