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Institutionalized Leadership: Resilient Hegemonic Party Autocracy in Singapore
Institutionalized Leadership: Resilient Hegemonic Party Autocracy in Singapore By Netina Tan PhD Candidate Political Science Department University of British Columbia Paper prepared for presentation at CPSA Conference, 28 May 2009 Ottawa, Ontario Work- in-progress, please do not cite without author’s permission. All comments welcomed, please contact author at [email protected] Abstract In the age of democracy, the resilience of Singapore’s hegemonic party autocracy is puzzling. The People’s Action Party (PAP) has defied the “third wave”, withstood economic crises and ruled uninterrupted for more than five decades. Will the PAP remain a deviant case and survive the passing of its founding leader, Lee Kuan Yew? Building on an emerging scholarship on electoral authoritarianism and the concept of institutionalization, this paper argues that the resilience of hegemonic party autocracy depends more on institutions than coercion, charisma or ideological commitment. Institutionalized parties in electoral autocracies have a greater chance of survival, just like those in electoral democracies. With an institutionalized leadership succession system to ensure self-renewal and elite cohesion, this paper contends that PAP will continue to rule Singapore in the post-Lee era. 2 “All parties must institutionalize to a certain extent in order to survive” Angelo Panebianco (1988, 54) Introduction In the age of democracy, the resilience of Singapore’s hegemonic party regime1 is puzzling (Haas 1999). A small island with less than 4.6 million population, Singapore is the wealthiest non-oil producing country in the world that is not a democracy.2 Despite its affluence and ideal socio- economic prerequisites for democracy, the country has been under the rule of one party, the People’s Action Party (PAP) for the last five decades. -
Report of the Official Parliamentary Delegation to Singapore and Indonesia 28 October—8 November 2008
The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia Report of the Official Parliamentary Delegation to Singapore and Indonesia 28 October—8 November 2008 March 2009 Canberra © Commonwealth of Australia 2009 ISBN 978-0-642-79153-5 Contents FRONTPAGES Membership of the Delegation.............................................................................................................vi Objectives .........................................................................................................................................viii Singapore..................................................................................................................................viii Indonesia ..................................................................................................................................viii List of abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ix REPORT 1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................1 Singapore—Background Information...................................................................................... 1 Geography and Population ......................................................................................................... 1 Political Structure ........................................................................................................................ 2 Economic Overview ................................................................................................................... -
Chapter 2 Focus on Ageing Issues
Chapter 2 Focus on Ageing Issues 1. The issues of an ageing population are multifaceted and dynamic. Addressing the far-reaching and multi-disciplinary issues requires cooperation and coordination among various agencies. Thus far, the Government has adopted an inter-ministry approach in tackling ageing issues 1. 2. The most recent report that was published is the 1999 Report of the Inter-Ministerial Committee on the Ageing Population (IMC) which covered recommendations in six key areas – Financial Security, Employment and Employability, Housing and Land Use Policies, Health Care, Social Integration of the Elderly and, Cohesion and Conflict in an Ageing Society. Arising from the report, the Eldercare Masterplan (FY2001 – FY2005) was charted to develop a comprehensive network of community-based services. 3. The Committee on Ageing Issues (CAI) set up in December 2004 was tasked to build on the work done by previous committees. The CAI is an inter-agency forum that discusses and puts up proposals related to ageing issues. The CAI is co-chaired by Senior Minister of State for Information, Communication and the Arts, and Health, Dr Balaji Sadasivan, and Parliamentary Secretary for Community Development, Youth and Sports, and National Development, Dr Mohamad Maliki Osman, with representation from the Government, people, private, media and academic sectors. (The composition of the CAI is at Appendix A and its Terms of Reference is at Appendix B .) 1 Past inter-ministry platforms include Howe Yoon Chong’s “Committee on the Problems of the Aged”, 1982-1984; “Advisory Council on the Aged” chaired by Minister Jayakumar, 1988-1989; “National Advisory Council on the Family and the Aged” chaired by former Minister for Community Development, Mr Abdullah Tarmugi, 1989-1997; the “Inter-Ministerial Committee on Health Care for the Elderly” chaired by former Minister for Health, Mr Yeo Cheow Tong, 1997-1999 and the Inter-Ministerial Committee on the Ageing Population chaired by Minister Mah Bow Tan, 1999-2003 and Minister Lim Hng Kiang, 2003-2004. -
Class and Politics in Malaysian and Singaporean Nation Building
CLASS AND POLITICS IN MALAYSIAN AND SINGAPOREAN NATION BUILDING Muhamad Nadzri Mohamed Noor, M.A. Political Science College of Business, Government and Law Flinders University Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2017 Page Left Deliberately Blank. Abstract This study endeavours to deliver an alternative account of the study of nation-building by examining the subject matter eclectically from diverse standpoints, predominantly that of class in Southeast Asia which is profoundly dominated by ‘cultural’ perspectives. Two states in the region, Malaysia and Singapore, have been selected to comprehend and appreciate the nature of nation-building in these territories. The nation-building processes in both of the countries have not only revolved around the national question pertaining to the dynamic relations between the states and the cultural contents of the racial or ethnic communities in Malaysia and Singapore; it is also surrounded, as this thesis contends, by the question of class - particularly the relations between the new capitalist states’ elites (the rulers) and their masses (the ruled). More distinctively this thesis perceives nation-building as a project by political elites for a variety of purposes, including elite entrenchment, class (re)production and regime perpetuation. The project has more to do with ‘class-(re)building’ and ‘subject- building’ rather than ‘nation-building’. Although this thesis does not eliminate the significance of culture in the nation-building process in both countries; it is explicated that cultures were and are heavily employed to suit the ruling class’s purpose. Hence, the cultural dimension shall be used eclectically with other perspectives. -
The S. Rajaratnam Private Papers
The S. Rajaratnam Private Papers Folio No: SR.055 Folio Title: Letters, Correspondences ITEM DOCUMENT DIGITIZATION ACCESS DOCUMENT CONTENT NO DATE STATUS STATUS Reply letter to Karen Teo-Pereira re: SPH reading SR.055.001 26/11/1992 Digitized Open room Letter from Karen Teo-Pereira re: SPH reading room SR.055.002 16/11/1992 Digitized Open with attached visual of plaque Reply letter to Gopika Gopalakrishnan re: Sunday SR.055.003 30/11/1992 Digitized Open Morning Singapore - Celebrity Chef Letter from Gopika Gopalakrishnan re: Sunday SR.055.004 25/11/1992 Digitized Open Morning Singapore - Celebrity Chef Letter from John Robertson re: Invitation to Cameron SR.055.005 27/11/1992 Digitized Open Mackintosh's production of Les Miserables Letter from The Peranakan Association on invitation SR.055.006 25/9/1992 to its 92nd anniversary dinner on 13 November 1992 Digitized Open with attached Christopher Sim Cher Kwang name card Letter from Singapore International Foundation re: SR.055.007 28/10/1992 Digitized Open Visit of ACM Siddhi Savetsila Letter from Embassy of the United States of America on invitation to lunch and observation of the U.S. SR.055.008 19/10/1992 Digitized Open President Election on 4 November 1992 with enclosed article from Singapore American on "Election Central" Reply letter to Tom Fernandez re: Invitation to deliver keynote speech at the Conference on "Singapore SR.055.009 13/10/1992 Digitized Open attaining developed nation status. Why you must act now!" 1 of 17 The S. Rajaratnam Private Papers ITEM DOCUMENT DIGITIZATION ACCESS DOCUMENT CONTENT NO DATE STATUS STATUS Letter from Tom Fernandez re: Invitation to deliver keynote speech at the Conference on "Singapore SR.055.010 12/10/1992 Digitized Open attaining developed nation status. -
Parliamentary Elections Act (Chapter 218)
FRIDAY, JUNE 2, 2006 1 First published in the Government Gazette, Electronic Edition, on 29th May 2006 at 5.00 pm. No. 1317 — PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS ACT (CHAPTER 218) NOTICE UNDER SECTION 75 Notice is hereby given, pursuant to section 75 of the Parliamentary Elections Act, that the returns respecting the election expenses and their accompanying statements in connection with the uncontested parliamentary elections held on 27th April 2006 were received from the election agents of the candidates whose names are set out in the first column of the Schedule on the dates set out in the second column thereof. The returns and statements may be inspected at the office of the Returning Officer, 11 Prinsep Link, Singapore 187949, during office hours on any working day during the period of 6 months from the date of the publication of this Notice. THE SCHEDULE First column Second column 1. Amy Khor Lean Suan 23rd May 2006 2. Ang Mong Seng 23rd May 2006 3. Baey Yam Keng 23rd May 2006 4. Christopher De Souza 23rd May 2006 5. Fatimah Binte Abdul Lateef 23rd May 2006 6. Fong Jen Arthur 23rd May 2006 7. Foo Chee Keng Cedric 23rd May 2006 8. Foo Yee Shoon 23rd May 2006 9. Goh Chok Tong 23rd May 2006 10. Grace Fu Hai Yien 23rd May 2006 11. Halimah Binte Yacob 23rd May 2006 12. Ho Geok Choo Madeleine 23rd May 2006 13. Hri Kumar Sangaran 23rd May 2006 14. Indranee Thurai Rajah 23rd May 2006 15. Iswaran S 23rd May 2006 16. Josephine Teo 23rd May 2006 17. -
Singapore's Foreign Policy: Beyond Realism
SINGAPORE’S FOREIGN POLICY: BEYOND REALISM Submitted by Ming Hwa Ting This thesis is submitted to the University of Adelaide as a requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Asian Studies North Terrace Campus, the University of Adelaide March 2010 consummatum est ii Abstract .......................................................................................................................... vi Thesis Declaration ........................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... viii List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... x 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY STUDY SINGAPORE‟S FOREIGN POLICY? ........ 11 1.1 Singapore in Southeast Asia: The Vulnerability Myth ................................. 12 1.2 Why Realism is in Vogue: Size as a Deteminant in Singapore‟s Threat Perception ..................................................................................................... 15 1.3 Limitations of Realism .................................................................................. 17 1.4 Literature Review .......................................................................................... 21 1.4.1 Singapore‟s Foreign Policy: Paucity of Empirical Research .................... 21 1.3.2 Paucity of Alternative Theoretical Research ........................................... -
Singapore Year Book of International Law and Contributors
(2005) 9 SYBIL 221–241 © 2005 Singapore Year Book of International Law and Contributors SINGAPORE: REVIEW OF MAJOR POLICY STATEMENTS ∗ ∗∗ by SIMON S.C. TAY & C.L. LIM I. INTRODUCTION As 2004 drew to a close, the region suffered the serious impact caused by the tragedy of the tsunami wave. While Singapore was not affected, many neighbouring states in Asia were severely affected, including Sri Lanka, Thailand and, closest to Singapore, the Indonesian province of Aceh. A full review of the regional and international dimensions of this natural disaster is beyond the scope of this section. However, a survey of Singapore’s response is warranted. The humanitarian efforts undertaken by the Singapore government and society as a whole were unprecedented, and policy statements by Singaporean leaders can be interpreted as marking a shift in foreign policy and views about the sense of obligation on Singapore’s part to assist the region. This shift in both word and deed can be interpreted as a sign that Singapore’s engagement with the region and the wider international community is developing beyond a strictly realist paradigm, to include more elements of humanitarian concern and ethical dimensions. A deeper engagement with the region and neighbours appears to be developing, with a greater emphasis on assistance and “win-win” cooperation. Moreover, the policies in Singapore are beginning to take into account the views of a wider cross-section of Singaporeans—such as businesses, non-government organisations and civil society. This makes for a wider circle of stakeholders in foreign policy, in contrast to the overwhelming dominance in the past of political leaders and top civil servants. -
Staying Alive in a Global Jungle
60 cents ce s | http://www.ntucthisweek.org.sg p // uc s eek.org.sg | MICA (P) 295/10/2007 25 JULY 2008 Pg 4 Pg 5 Giving Stagfl ation And Be Connected And Win A D-Link WDS Organises Mass Pg Spirit Of SSEU Pg Congestion A Wide Berth Pan & Tilt Wireless Internet Camera Hotel Recruitment Drive 6 Soldiers On 11 Staying Alive In A Global Jungle “In Singapore, we cannot simply attempt to offset By the expected infl ation rate of fi ve to six per cent this year Naseema Banu Maideen with wage increases. This will gradually translate to a wage-price spiral, and a second round of infl ation, which has the potential effect to undermine our economic ou are caught in a wild jungle, with tigers on competitiveness.” the loose. Your adrenalin is pumping and you Singapore has scored well over the years because of think desperately: “What can I do?” Take the its ability to tackle the “same, same problems across the most practical step - take to your heels and world with different solutions”, said Mr Lim. run. In response to questions from the graduands YNot because you can outrun the tigers but at least, on ways to help workers cope with the infl ationary you can outrun others caught in the same bind, and be pressures, Mr Lim said this was best done through well ahead of them. If the tigers were hungry, they’d be enhancing the value of jobs, hence helping workers satiated by the time they do catch up with you. -
The People's Action Party and the Singapore Presidency in 2017 : Understanding the Contradictions Between State Discourse and State Practice
This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. The People's Action Party and the Singapore presidency in 2017 : understanding the contradictions between state discourse and state practice Mohamed Nawab Mohamed Osman; Waikar, Prashant 2019 Mohamed Nawab Mohamed Osman, & Waikar, P. (2019). The People's Action Party and the Singapore presidency in 2017 : understanding the contradictions between state discourse and state practice. Asian Survey, 59(2), 382‑405. doi:10.1525/AS.2019.59.2.382 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/142254 https://doi.org/10.1525/AS.2019.59.2.382 Mohamed Nawab Mohamed Osman, & Waikar, P. 2019. The People's Action Party and the Singapore presidency in 2017 : understanding the contradictions between state discourse and state practice. Asian Survey, 59(2), 382‑405. https://doi.org/10.1525/AS.2019.59.2.382 © 2019 by the Regents of the University of California/Sponsoring Society or Association. Downloaded on 26 Sep 2021 20:56:15 SGT MOHAMED NAWAB MOHAMED OSMAN AND PRASHANT WAIKAR The People’s Action Party and the Singapore Presidency in 2017 Understanding the Contradictions between State Discourse and State Practice Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/as/article-pdf/59/2/382/79470/as_2019_59_2_382.pdf by guest on 17 June 2020 ABSTRACT While the Singapore government has sought to construct the elected presidency as an institution critical to Singapore’s political system, the result in fact forces the insti- tution to contradict itself. This paradox has important implications for politics in a post–Lee Hsien Loong Singapore. KEYWORDS: People’s Action Party, Singapore presidential election 2017, state praxes, state discourse, post-Lee Singapore INTRODUCTION In September 2017, Singapore elected Halimah Yacob as the country’s first- ever female president. -
Kamaludeen Bin Mohamed Nasir
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarBank@NUS THE MUSLIM POWER ELITES IN SINGAPORE: THE BURDEN OF A COMMUNITY by Kamaludeen Bin Mohamed Nasir Bachelor of Social Science (Honours) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SOCIOLOGY) NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2007 Acknowledgements I will like to thank my parents, Latifa and Mohamed Nasir, for all that is good in me. My brother Ameer Mohamed and sister Nurul Jannah, that it is my hope that they will strive to be more than I ever was, am or ever will be. Associate Professor Syed Farid Alatas, my supervisor, for his time and his valuable insights I am forever grateful. Professor Chua Beng Huat, Associate Professor Hing Ai Yun and Assistant Professor Alexius Pereira who have in one way or another helped in the writing of this thesis. To all my respondents who have made this study possible. Shahrom, for persevering in proofreading my Masters thesis after the excruciating experience of proofreading my Honours one, and Kalsum for painstakingly formatting and editing this thesis. And to all my friends who have tolerated me for better or for worse. My sincere gratitude does not convey any responsibility for my obstinacy; only I am to blame for the errors remaining. ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements................................... ...................................ii Table of Contents.................................. .....................................iii -
26 27 27A 28 Registry Supervisor, Ministry of National Development
2 Registry Supervisor, Ministry of National GVT 2 40 Development 26 Chairman, Singapore Institute of Standards GVT 325 Industrial Research 27 ian, NTUC Research Unit GVT 351 27a Lim Boon Heng, Minister(PMO) and Secretar -General, NTUC 28 Mindef Libr y GVT 2 07 2 9 Director, Commu ' ty Relations Dept, Ministry of GVT 230 Community Develop ent (Kindly make copie and distribute to all the secretariats) 30 Permanent Secretary, istry of Defence GVT 560 31 Dr Lee Boon Yang, Ministe for Labour GVT 160 \ 32 Rear Admiral (NS) Teo Chee , Minister of GVT 565 State for Finance and 33 Ministry of Education (MoE) GVT 030 34 Prof S Jayakumar, Minister for Foreign GVT 660 34a Mr Peter Ho, DS (SEA) Min. of Foreign A GVT 660 35 Dr Richard Hu, Minister for Finance GVT 017 36 BG George Yeo, Minister for Health GVT 172 37 Mr Abdullah Tarmugi, Acting Minister for Community Development GVT 230 38 Mr Sidek Bin Saniff, Minister of State for VT 680 Education 39 Mr J. A. Nathan, Globalink, TDB GVT 8 7 ADDRESS BY MR GOH CHEE WEE, MINISTER OF STATE FOR TRADE & INDUSTRY AND COMMUNICATIONS AT THE OPENING OF THE "TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, MADE IN FRANCE" EXHIBITION 16 OCTOBER 1995, 6.00 PM AT THE SINGAPORE SCIENCE CENTRE I am very pleased to be here at the opening of this exhibition - "Technologies for the Twenty-First Century, Made in France". Not only does this exhibition showcase France's remarkable achievements in science and technology, it also points to the potential for more intensive cooperation between France and Singapore.