SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY (An Autonomous Institution) Coimbatore-35 TITLE: SURFACE TO SURFACE

Prepared by 16AE014 Final year Aeronautical Engineering SNS College of Technology

1.10.19 16AE409 Rockets & Missiles 1 • A surface-to-surface (SSM) or ground-to-ground missile (GGM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground or the sea and strike targets on land or at sea.

• They may be fired from hand-held or vehicle mounted devices, from fixed installations, or from a ship.

1.10.19 16AE409 Rockets & Missiles 2 A guided missile is an unmanned explosive-carrying vehicle that moves above the earth's surface in a flight path controlled by an external or internal source. There are many kinds of guided missiles, but all have the same ultimate function: destroy enemy "targets", i.e., personnel, , vehicles, airplanes, ships, and weapons, including attacking missiles.

Some missiles attack targets at long distances - thousands of miles - like the ICBM (Intercontinental ). These are "strategic" missiles.

Missile Parts and Their Functions. Most of the missile body is made of a titanium alloy, which provides high strength and low weight.

A missile can be divided functionally into 8 sections: radome, guidance, warhead, autopilot, dorsal fins, rocket motor, steering control and control surfaces. These missile sections are described below.

1.10.19 16AE409 Rockets & Missiles 3 1.10.19 16AE409 Rockets & Missiles 4 Radome. A housing made of material similar to the household "Corningware“and located at the front end ("nose") of the missile. Here are some radomes on the production line . The radome is non-metallic to act as an electromagnetic (EM) "window" for or heat-seeking EM devices located inside the missile. Radar (Radio Ranging and Detection), transmits EM pulses that bounce off the target and return to the radar set to provide target location, direction and speed.

Guidance. A system that receives radio information from its launch controller (a computer, not a human), directing it to launch the missile and calculate its most efficient path to the target. The also transmits all missile functions back to its launch controller for continuous monitoring of missile subsystem performance

Warhead. A system containing missile internal "homing" radar and an explosive surrounded by thousands of serrated iron pieces or other destroying material, depending on the nature of the anticipated target. As the missile approaches ("homes in on") the target, its internal radar electronically "sees" and locks onto the target to guide the missile towards it. Not all missiles have this "homing" radar. If not, its launch control must continuously direct it to the target.

1.10.19 16AE409 Rockets & Missiles 5 Autopilot. • A system that provides missile location, direction, velocity and "attitude" (up, down sideways, etc.) and the capacity to change its motion via the Control Surfaces (see below). • The Autopilot contains an antenna to receive and transmit information to its home controller. • It also contains a battery that supplies electrical power to the missile electronic and microprocessor components. &bnsp; • Transmissions to and from the missile must be encoded and decoded to prevent electronic spying by other countries' surveillance .

Dorsal Fins. The fins, along with the missile body, provide surfaces against which air exerts pressure. These dorsal surfaces are used by the Control Surfaces (see below) to change the direction and attitude of the missile.

Rocket Motor. A mixture of solid chemical fuels. When ignited, the chemicals propel the missile from its launcher into space.

1.10.19 16AE409 Rockets & Missiles 6 Steering Control. A system that electrically changes the Control Surfaces (see below) that change the missile motion. It reacts to information sent to it by the Autopilot (see above).

Control Surfaces. These are four "fins" that act against air resistance to change the direction of the missile.

1.10.19 16AE409 Rockets & Missiles 7 IN INDIA Surface-to-surface missiles -I India Medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) 700-1250 km Mach 7.5 Agni-II India Intermediate-range ballistic missile(IRBM) 2,000–3,000 km Mach 12

Agni-III India Intermediate-range ballistic missile(IRBM) 3,500 km – 5,000 km 5–6 km/s

Agni-IV India Intermediate-range ballistic missile(IRBM) 3,000 – 4,000 km Mach 7 Agni-V India Intercontinental ballistic missile(ICBM) 5000 – 8000Km Mach 24 8,000 km to Agni-VI four-stage intercontinental ballistic missile 12,000 km Prithvi I India Short Range Ballistic Missile(Tactical) 150 km Prithvi II India Short Range Ballistic Missile(Tactical) 350 km Prithvi III Short Range Ballistic Missile(Tactical) 350 km to 600 km Dhanush India Short Range Ballistic Missile(Tactical) 350 – 600 km Prahaar(Pragati) India Short Range Ballistic Missile(Tactical) 150 km Mach 2.03

Hypersonic surface-to-surface tactical missile Shaurya India 750 to 1,900 km Mach 7.5 Medium-Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM)

Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles Sagarika (K-15) India Ballistic Missile 700 – 1900Km Mach 7+ K-4 India Ballistic Missile 3,500–5,000 km Mach 7+

K-5 1.10.19 India Ballistic Missile 16AE409 Rockets & Missiles 6,000 km 8 Ashwin India Ballistic Missile 150-200km Mach 4.5 Surface to surface missiles types

 Ballistic missiles travel in a high trajectory, motor burns out partway through flight  Tactical ballistic missile: Range between about 150 km and 300 km  Battlefield range ballistic missile (BRBM): Range less than 200 km  Theatre ballistic missile (TBM): range between 300 km and 3500 km  Short-range ballistic missile (SRBM): Range 1000 km or less  Medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM): Range between 1000 km and 3500 km  Intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) or Long-range ballistic missile (LRBM): Range between 3500 km and 5500 km  Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM): Range greater than 5500 km  Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM): Launched from ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs), all current designs have intercontinental range.  Cruise missiles travel low to the ground, motor burns during entire flight, typical range 2,500 km (1,500 mi)  Anti- guided missiles travel low to the ground, may or may not burn motor throughout flight, typical range 5 km (3 mi)  Anti-ship missiles travel low over the ground and sea, and often pop up or jink before striking the target ship; typical range 130 km (80 mi) 1.10.19 16AE409 Rockets & Missiles 9 SOME EXAMPLES OF SSM

The MGM-140 Army Tactical Missile System (ATacMS) is a surface-to-surface missile (SSM) manufactured by the American company Lockheed Martin.

It has a range of over 100 miles (160 km), with solid propellant, and is 13 feet (4.0 m) high and 24 inches (610 mm) in diameter.

The RBS-15 (Robotsystem 15) is a long-range fire-and-forget surface-to- surface and air-to-surface, anti-ship missile.

The later version Mk. III has the ability to attack land targets as well. The missile was developed by the Swedish company Saab Bofors Dynamics.

1.10.19 16AE409 Rockets & Missiles 10 The Engine Turbojet engine Operational >360 km (190 nmi) range Speed 310 m/s (690 mph; 1,100 km/h; Mach 0.91) Guidance Inertial guidance, GPS and active radar system homing Launch Surface-launched platform S-100 fitted with a Lightweight Multirole Missile Type Light Air-to-surface and Surface-to- surface missile Place of origin United Kingdom Propellant 2-stage solid propellant Operational 8 km (5 miles) range Speed Mach 1.5 Guidance Multi-mode guidance ( and/or semi- system active laser guidance & terminal homing)

Launch Wildcat 1.10.19 platform 16AE409 Rockets & Missiles 11