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Prepared by Textore, Inc. Peter Wood, David Yang, and Roger Cliff November 2020
AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES CAPABILITIES AND DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA Prepared by TextOre, Inc. Peter Wood, David Yang, and Roger Cliff November 2020 Printed in the United States of America by the China Aerospace Studies Institute ISBN 9798574996270 To request additional copies, please direct inquiries to Director, China Aerospace Studies Institute, Air University, 55 Lemay Plaza, Montgomery, AL 36112 All photos licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license, or under the Fair Use Doctrine under Section 107 of the Copyright Act for nonprofit educational and noncommercial use. All other graphics created by or for China Aerospace Studies Institute Cover art is "J-10 fighter jet takes off for patrol mission," China Military Online 9 October 2018. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2018-10/09/content_9305984_3.htm E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.airuniversity.af.mil/CASI https://twitter.com/CASI_Research @CASI_Research https://www.facebook.com/CASI.Research.Org https://www.linkedin.com/company/11049011 Disclaimer The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government or the Department of Defense. In accordance with Air Force Instruction 51-303, Intellectual Property, Patents, Patent Related Matters, Trademarks and Copyrights; this work is the property of the U.S. Government. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights Reproduction and printing is subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and applicable treaties of the United States. This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This publication is provided for noncommercial use only. -
I Am Submitting
Citizens Redistricting Commission 901 P Street, Suite 154-A Sacramento, CA 95814 June 28, 2011 Dear Commission: I am submitting this written comment requesting that the California Citizens Redistricting Commission [hereinafter cited as Commission] modify its first draft for the State Senate Districts located within certain counties subject to the Section 5 preclearance requirement of the federal Voting Rights Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1973c (Monterey, Kings and Merced) and adjoining counties.1 At issue are the areas included within current Senate District 12, 15 and 16. The proposed Senate Districts may not meet the Section 5 and Section 2, 42 U.S.C. § 1973, standards of the federal Voting Rights Act. Under Section 5, a covered jurisdiction has the statutory duty to submit all changes affecting voting, including redistricting plans,2 and secure approval from the federal government. There are two procedures available to secure this approval. The submitting jurisdiction has the choice of pursuing one or the other and can also pursue both simultaneously. Under the first procedure, the covered jurisdiction can submit the proposed voting change to the United States Attorney General for approval or administrative preclearance. Under the second procedure, the covered jurisdiction can file an action in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia seeking judicial preclearance. Under either procedure, the submitting jurisdiction has the statutory duty to demonstrate that the proposed change affecting voting does not have a discriminatory effect on minority voting strength and was not adopted pursuant to a discriminatory intent. With respect to the discriminatory effect prong of Section 5, the covered jurisdiction must prove that the proposed voting change does not result in a retrogression, or a worsening, of minority voting strength. -
Projected Acquisition Costs for the Army's Ground Combat Vehicles
Projected Acquisition Costs for the Army’s Ground Combat Vehicles © MDart10/Shutterstock.com APRIL | 2021 At a Glance The Army operates a fleet of ground combat vehicles—vehicles intended to conduct combat opera- tions against enemy forces—and plans to continue to do so. Expanding on the Army’s stated plans, the Congressional Budget Office has projected the cost of acquiring such vehicles through 2050. Those projections include costs for research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E) and for procurement but not the costs of operating and maintaining the vehicles. CBO’s key findings are as follows: • Total acquisition costs for the Army’s ground combat vehicles are projected to average about $5 billion per year (in 2020 dollars) through 2050—$4.5 billion for procurement and $0.5 billion for RDT&E. • The projected procurement costs are greater (in constant dollars) than the average annual cost for such vehicles from 2010 to 2019 but approximately equal to the average annual cost from 2000 to 2019 (when spending was boosted because of operations in Iraq). • More than 40 percent of the projected acquisition costs of Army ground combat vehicles are for Abrams tanks. • Most of the projected acquisition costs are for remanufactured and upgraded versions of current vehicles, though the Army also plans to acquire an Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle, which will replace the Bradley armored personnel carrier; an Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle, which will replace the M113 armored personnel carrier; and a new Mobile Protected Firepower tank, which will be lighter than an Abrams tank. • The Army is also considering developing an unmanned Decisive Lethality Platform that might eventually replace Abrams tanks. -
Howard Hughes
Howard Hughes Howard Hughes September 24, 1905 Born Houston, Texas, USA April 5, 1976 (aged 70) Died Houston, Texas, USA Chairman, Hughes Aircraft; Occupation industrialist; aviator; engineer; film producer Net worth US$12.8 bn (1958 Forbes 400) Ella Rice (1925-1929) Spouse Terry Moore (1949-1976) Jean Peters (1957-1971) For the Welsh murderer, see Howard Hughes (murderer). Howard Robard Hughes, Jr. (September 24, 1905 – April 5, 1976) was, in his time, an aviator, engineer, industrialist, film producer and director, a palgrave, a playboy, an eccentric, and one of the wealthiest people in the world. He is famous for setting multiple, world air-speed records, building the Hughes H-1 Racer and H-4 Hercules airplanes, producing the movies Hell's Angels and The Outlaw, owning and expanding TWA, his enormous intellect[1], and for his debilitating eccentric behavior in later life. Early years Hughes was born in Houston, Texas, on 24 September or 24 December 1905. Hughes claimed his birthday was Christmas Eve, although some biographers debate his exact birth date, (according to NNDB.com, it was most likely "the more mundane date of September 24"[2] ). His parents were Allene Stone Gano Hughes (a descendant of Catherine of Valois, Dowager Queen of England, by second husband Owen Tudor) [3][4] and Howard R. Hughes, Sr., who patented the tri-cone roller bit, which 1 allowed rotary drilling for oil in previously inaccessible places. Howard R. Hughes, Sr. founded Hughes Tool Company in 1909 to commercialize this invention. Hughes grew up under the strong influence of his mother, who was obsessed with protecting her son from all germs and diseases. -
Northrop Grumman
Northrop Grumman Northrop Grumman Corporation Type Public (NYSE: NOC) 1927 (in 1994, company took on Founded current name), Denver, Colorado Headquarters Los Angeles, California Ronald Sugar, Chairman and Key people CEO Industry Aerospace and defense Aircraft carriers, military aircraft, satellites, missile defense Products systems, advanced electronic sensors and systems, Information Technology, ships, and systems Revenue $30.15 Billion USD (2006) Net income $1.59 Billion USD (2006) Employees 123,600 (2007) Website NorthropGrumman.com Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE: NOC) is an aerospace and defense conglomerate that is the result of the 1994 purchase of Grumman by Northrop. The company is the third largest defense contractor for the U.S. military[1], and the number-one builder of naval vessels. Northrop Grumman employs over 122,000 people worldwide[2]. Its 2006 annual revenue is reported at US$30 billion. Northrop Grumman ranks #73 on the 2007 Fortune 500 list of U.S. industrial companies.[3] Products and services Some of the most expensive vehicles in the world, such as this B-2 Spirit strategic bomber, are made by Northrop Grumman and purchased by the United States government. Naval 1 Northrop Grumman's many products are made by separate business units. Newport News Shipbuilding manufactures all U.S. aircraft carriers, and is the only company capable of building Nimitz-class supercarriers. It also produces a large percentage of U.S. nuclear submarines. A separate sector, Northrop Grumman Ship Systems, produces amphibious assault ships and many other commercial and military craft, including icebreakers, tankers, and cargo ships. In a partnership with Science Applications International Corporation, Northrop Grumman provides naval engineering and architecture services as well as naval maintenance services Aerospace A BQM-74 Chukar unmanned aerial drone launches from a U.S. -
Reorganization Strengthened Delco to Deal with a Challenging
reorganization strengthened Delco to deal business that is succeeding. Employee byes are with a challenging competitive environment. disrupted, customer relationships must be pre· making possible new steps toward rightsizing served. shareholders need to be assured and sat· and structural cost reductions, accelerated Isfied even as the need to do daily banlc with technology introduction into GM's North the competitIOn continues. /\merican Operanons, and a realignment of Yet. at each stage in our company's history. International operations to sharpen focus on Hughes has always been a place where people profitable growth accept change as challenge - a company that's been too busy defining the future to be afraid As the fastest growing segment of Hughes of it. We are confident the changes we're mak· Electronics, Telecommunications and Space ing in 1997 will serve to solidify the one con· posted a 33% growth rate in 1996 - with total stant through Hughes' long history - securing revenues of $4.1 billion. Hughes Space and this company's legacy as an industry leader for Communications increased revenues by 21 %, years to come. Hughes Nerwork Systems broke the $1 billion revenue threshold for the first time, while the PanAmSat merger announcement marked a major milestone on the path to a truly global C. Michael Armstrong communications service. DIRECTV in the Chairman of the Board and United States, attained a subscriber base of 2.5 Chief Executive Officer million in early 1997, making it equivalent in size to the nation's seventh largest cable televi sion company. Using technology, talent and investment to lead in markets, to build new businesses, to cre Charles H. -
2019 Annual Report $2B
2019 ANNUAL REPORT HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES INGALLS INDUSTRIES HUNTINGTON 2019 annual RE P ort $2B HII HAS INVESTED NEARLY $2 BILLION IN CAPITAL EXPENDITURES OVER THE PAST FIVE YEARS AT ITS INGALLS AND NEWPORT NEWS SHIPBUILDING FACILITIES TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCIES AND AFFORDABILITY ACROSS THE ENTERPRISE. Ingalls Shipbuilding, in Pascagoula, Mississippi, is the largest supplier of U.S. Navy surface combatants. HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES Huntington Ingalls Industries is America’s largest military shipbuilding company and a provider of professional services to partners in government and industry. For more than a century, HII’s Newport News and Ingalls shipbuilding divisions in Virginia and Mississippi have built more ships in more ship classes than any other U.S. naval shipbuilder. HII’s Technical Solutions division supports national security missions around the globe with unmanned systems, defense and federal solutions, nuclear and environmental services, and fleet sustainment. Headquartered in Newport News, Virginia, HII employs more than 42,000 people operating both domestically and internationally. Cover Image: Newport News Shipbuilding delivered USS Delaware (SSN 791) to the U.S. Navy in 2019. FINANCIAL OPERATING RESULTS ($ in millions, except per share amounts) 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Sales and Service Revenues $ 8,899 $ 8,176 $ 7,441 $ 7,068 $ 7,020 Operating Income 736 951 881 876 774 Operating Margin 8.3 % 11.6 % 11.8 % 12.4 % 11.0 % (1) Adjusted Segment Operating Income 660 663 688 715 769 Adjusted Segment Operating Margin (1) 7.4 % 8.1 % 9.2 % 10.1 % 11.0 % Diluted EPS 13.26 19.09 10.46 12.14 8.36 (2) Adjusted Diluted EPS 14.01 19.09 12.14 12.14 10.55 Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 896 914 814 822 861 (1)Adjusted Segment Operating Income and Adjusted Segment Operating Margin are non-GAAP financial measures that exclude the operating FAS/CAS adjustment, non-current state income taxes, goodwill impairment charges and purchased intangibles impairment charges. -
The Army's M-1 Abrams, M-2/M-3 Bradley, and M-1126 Stryker: Background and Issues for Congress
The Army’s M-1 Abrams, M-2/M-3 Bradley, and M-1126 Stryker: Background and Issues for Congress (name redacted) Specialist in Military Ground Forces April 5, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44229 The Army’s M-1 Abrams, M-2/M-3 Bradley, and M-1126 Stryker Summary The M-1 Abrams Tank, the M-2/M-3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle (BFV), and the M-1126 Stryker Combat Vehicle are the centerpieces of the Army’s Armored Brigade Combat Teams (ABCTs) and Stryker Brigade Combat Teams (SBCTs). In addition to the military effectiveness of these vehicles, Congress is also concerned with the economic aspect of Abrams, Bradley, and Stryker recapitalization and modernization. Due to force structure cuts and lack of Foreign Military Sales (FMS) opportunities, Congress has expressed a great deal of concern with the health of the domestic armored combat vehicle industrial base. ABCTs and SBCTs constitute the Army’s “heavy” ground forces; they provide varying degrees of armored protection and mobility that the Army’s light, airborne (parachute), and air assault (helicopter transported) infantry units that constitute Infantry Brigade Combat Teams (IBCTs) do not possess. These three combat vehicles have a long history of service in the Army. The first M-1 Abrams Tank entered service with the Army in 1980; the M-2/M-3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle in 1981; and the Stryker Combat Vehicle in 2001. Under current Army modernization plans, the Army envisions all three vehicles in service with Active and National Guard forces beyond FY2028. There are several different versions of these vehicles in service. -
Distributed Kill Chains: Drawing Insights for Mosaic Warfare from the Immune System and from the Navy
Distributed Kill Chains NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INSTITUTE C O R P O R A T I O N NICHOLAS A. O’DONOUGHUE, SAMANTHA MCBIRNEY, n Mosaic warfare, individual warfighting platforms are assembled—like BRIAN PERSONS the ceramic tiles in mosaics—to make a larger picture or, in this case, a force package. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is developing this novel warfighting construct to acquire, field, and employ forces. To reveal the value of Mosaic warfare and uncover Distributed Kill Ipotential challenges in the transition to this system, the authors of this report present a pair of case studies: (1) an analysis of the human immune system’s response to pathogens and (2) an analysis of the U.S. Navy’s Naval Integrated Fire Control—Counter Air (NIFC-CA) project. Chains Noting that the human immune system has evolved over 500 million years to exhibit mosaiclike properties—meaning that these properties have Drawing Insights for Mosaic Warfare from the conferred some evolutionary advantage—the authors suggest that Mosaic Immune System and from the Navy warfare might have similar advantages, such as resilience and adaptability, over other approaches to defeating a threat. They then discuss lessons and best practices from the NIFC-CA project, which largely owes its success to its unique approach to development and fielding. For example, NIFC-CA used preexisting testing infrastructure; approached testing in a scientific manner, in which failure was viewed as a learning opportunity rather than a setback; and had a lengthy development timeline. From these lessons, the authors derive a cohesive set of policy recommendations for DARPA. -
Academia Militar Das Agulhas Negras Academia Real Militar (1811) Curso De Ciências Militares
ACADEMIA MILITAR DAS AGULHAS NEGRAS ACADEMIA REAL MILITAR (1811) CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS MILITARES Alexandre Bordin ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE AS VBC CC LEOPARD-2A6 E M1A2 ABRAMS PARA FUTURA SUBSTITUIÇÃO DO LEOPARD-1A5 NO EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO. Resende 2020 Alexandre Bordin ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE AS VBC CC LEOPARD-2A6 E M1A2 ABRAMS PARA FUTURA SUBSTITUIÇÃO DO LEOPARD-1A5 NO EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO. Projeto de pesquisa apresentado ao Curso de Graduação em Ciências Militares, da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN, RJ), como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Ciências Militares. Orientador(a): Ten Cav Anderson Streit de Faria Resende 2020 Alexandre Bordin ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE AS VBC CC LEOPARD-2A6 E M1A2 ABRAMS PARA FUTURA SUBSTITUIÇÃO DO LEOPARD-1A5 NO EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO. Monografia apresentada ao Curso de Graduação em Ciências Militares, da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN, RJ), como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Ciências Militares. Aprovado em ____ de __________________ de 2020: Banca examinadora: __________________________________________________ Anderson Streit de Faria, 1º Ten Cav – Orientador __________________________________________________ Victor Duarte França, 1º Ten Cav – Avaliador __________________________________________________ Leonel Madeira Motta Mattos, Cap Cav – Avaliador Resende 2020 Aos meus camaradas da turma 150 Anos da Campanha da Tríplice Aliança, que ombrearam comigo nestes 5 árduos anos de formação. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço ao 1º Tenente de Cavalaria Streit por todas assessorias e orientações na confecção deste trabalho, por ter dedicado seu tempo e fornecido parte de seu vasto conhecimento sobre o assunto para me auxiliar na produção de conteúdo. À minha família e namorada, que sempre me motivaram e incentivaram em todos os momentos destes 5 anos de formação. -
January 17 – 23, 2006
HAITI NEWS ROUNDUP: JANUARY 17 – 23, 2006 Haitian presidential hopeful decries gap between rich and poor 23 January 2006 AFP PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti (AFP): Haiti's elites must do more to help the poor, the frontrunner in Haiti's presidential race told AFP in an interview. "If those who have, begin to invest in the education of the weakest among us, they would be grateful," said former president Rene Preval, who leads opinion polls ahead of the February 7 election. "Children must be taken off the streets. Weapons must be taken from the hands of children and replaced with pens and books," he said late on Friday. "That is how we will harmonize relations between rich and poor." Cite Soleil, a sprawling slum in the capital that is controlled by armed groups, represents the failure of the country's elites, he said. "We must realize it," he said. "The rich are cloistered in their walled villas and the poor are crammed into slums and own nothing. The gap is too big," he said. Preval opposed a military solution to the problems posed by Cite Soleil, the source of much of Haiti's ongoing insecurity. "I am against a military solution to this problem," he said in an interview late Friday, proposing dialogue, "intelligence and firmness" instead. Preval called for judicial reform, the expansion of Haiti's 4,000-strong police force and for the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) to remain in place until Haitians can ensure stability themselves. " Those that want to create instability in the country and to continue drug trafficking will be the first to demand MINUSTAH's departure. -
A Strategic Plan for the Crusader Howitzer
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2001-12 A strategic plan for the Crusader Howitzer. Lockard, William M. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9707 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR THE CRUSADER HOWITZER by William M. Lockard December 2001 Thesis Advisor: David Matthews Associate Advisor: Keith Snider Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 2001 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: Title (Mix case letters) 5. FUNDING NUMBERS A Strategic Plan for the Crusader Howitzer 6. AUTHOR(S) William M. Lockard 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION REPORT Monterey, CA 93943-5000 NUMBER 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S.