Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 41/Monday, March 2, 2020/Notices
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Prepared by Textore, Inc. Peter Wood, David Yang, and Roger Cliff November 2020
AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES CAPABILITIES AND DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA Prepared by TextOre, Inc. Peter Wood, David Yang, and Roger Cliff November 2020 Printed in the United States of America by the China Aerospace Studies Institute ISBN 9798574996270 To request additional copies, please direct inquiries to Director, China Aerospace Studies Institute, Air University, 55 Lemay Plaza, Montgomery, AL 36112 All photos licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license, or under the Fair Use Doctrine under Section 107 of the Copyright Act for nonprofit educational and noncommercial use. All other graphics created by or for China Aerospace Studies Institute Cover art is "J-10 fighter jet takes off for patrol mission," China Military Online 9 October 2018. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2018-10/09/content_9305984_3.htm E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.airuniversity.af.mil/CASI https://twitter.com/CASI_Research @CASI_Research https://www.facebook.com/CASI.Research.Org https://www.linkedin.com/company/11049011 Disclaimer The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government or the Department of Defense. In accordance with Air Force Instruction 51-303, Intellectual Property, Patents, Patent Related Matters, Trademarks and Copyrights; this work is the property of the U.S. Government. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights Reproduction and printing is subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and applicable treaties of the United States. This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This publication is provided for noncommercial use only. -
Australian Update: August 2018
Australian Update: August 2018 Dr. Robbin Laird, Research Fellow, Williams Foundation, Canberra THE AUSTRALIAN NEW SUBMARINE PROGRAM: CLEARLY A WORK IN PROGRESS 3 AUSTRALIA BROADENS ITS MILITARY RELATIONSHIPS WITH SHIPBUILDING DEALS 7 THE COMMANDER OF THE RAAF AIR WARFARE CENTRE, AIR COMMODORE “JOE” IERVASI 10 THE AUSTRALIANS SHAPE THEIR WAY AHEAD ON ASW: THE KEY ROLE OF THE P-8 13 FLEET BASE EAST: A KEY ELEMENT IN THE AUSTRALIAN NAVY’S OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES 16 THE AEGIS GLOBAL ENTERPRISE: THE AUSTRALIAN CASE 21 APPENDIX: THE AIR WARFARE DESTROYER ALLIANCE 23 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HOBART CLASS DESTROYERS 24 THE HOBART CLASS – DIFFERENCES FROM THE F100 CLASS 25 DR. BEN GREENE, ELECTRICAL OPTICAL SYSTEMS 26 APPENDIX 30 PITCH BLACK 2018: RAAF PERSPECTIVES 31 THE AUSTRALIAN ARMY AND INTEGRATED AIR DEFENSE 34 APPENDIX: 35 LOOKING BACK AT RIMPAC 2018: THE PERSPECTIVE OF AIR COMMODORE CRAIG HEAP 36 SHAPING ENHANCED SOVEREIGN OPTIONS: LEVERAGING THE INTEGRATED FORCE BUILDING PROCESS 40 THE DEFENSE OF AUSTRALIA: LOOKING BACK AND LEANING FORWARD 43 2 The Australian New Submarine Program: Clearly A Work in Progress 8/19/18 Canberra, Australia During my current visit to Australia, I have been able to follow up the discussions with the Chief of Navy over the past three years with regard to shipbuilding and shaping a way ahead for the Royal Australian Navy. During this visit I had a chance to visit the Osborne shipyards and get an update on Collins class and enhanced availability as well as to get a briefing and discussion with senior Australian officials involved in shaping the new build submarine program. -
Security & Defence European
a 7.90 D European & Security ES & Defence 4/2016 International Security and Defence Journal Protected Logistic Vehicles ISSN 1617-7983 • www.euro-sd.com • Naval Propulsion South Africa‘s Defence Exports Navies and shipbuilders are shifting to hybrid The South African defence industry has a remarkable breadth of capa- and integrated electric concepts. bilities and an even more remarkable depth in certain technologies. August 2016 Jamie Shea: NATO‘s Warsaw Summit Politics · Armed Forces · Procurement · Technology The backbone of every strong troop. Mercedes-Benz Defence Vehicles. When your mission is clear. When there’s no road for miles around. And when you need to give all you’ve got, your equipment needs to be the best. At times like these, we’re right by your side. Mercedes-Benz Defence Vehicles: armoured, highly capable off-road and logistics vehicles with payloads ranging from 0.5 to 110 t. Mobilising safety and efficiency: www.mercedes-benz.com/defence-vehicles Editorial EU Put to the Test What had long been regarded as inconceiv- The second main argument of the Brexit able became a reality on the morning of 23 campaigners was less about a “democratic June 2016. The British voted to leave the sense of citizenship” than of material self- European Union. The majority that voted for interest. Despite all the exception rulings "Brexit", at just over 52 percent, was slim, granted, the United Kingdom is among and a great deal smaller than the 67 percent the net contribution payers in the EU. This who voted to stay in the then EEC in 1975, money, it was suggested, could be put to but ignoring the majority vote is impossible. -
Air Defence in Northern Europe
FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES AIR DEFENCE IN NORTHERN EUROPE Heikki Nikunen National Defence College Helsinki 1997 Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence College. Editor: Kalevi Ruhala Editorial Assistant: Matti Hongisto Editorial Board: Chairman Prof. Pekka Sivonen, National Defence College Dr. Pauli Järvenpää, Ministry of Defence Col. Erkki Nordberg, Defence Staff Dr., Lt.Col. (ret.) Pekka Visuri, Finnish Institute of International Affairs Dr. Matti Vuorio, Scientific Committee for National Defence Published by NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE P.O. Box 266 FIN - 00171 Helsinki FINLAND FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES 10 AIR DEFENCE IN NORTHERN EUROPE Heikki Nikunen National Defence College Helsinki 1997 ISBN 951-25-0873-7 ISSN 0788-5571 © Copyright 1997: National Defence College All rights reserved Oy Edita Ab Pasilan pikapaino Helsinki 1997 INTRODUCTION The historical progress of air power has shown a continuous rising trend. Military applications emerged fairly early in the infancy of aviation, in the form of first trials to establish the superiority of the third dimension over the battlefield. Well- known examples include the balloon reconnaissance efforts made in France even before the birth of the aircraft, and it was not long before the first generation of flimsy, underpowered aircraft were being tested in a military environment. The Italians used aircraft for reconnaissance missions at Tripoli in 1910-1912, and the Americans made their first attempts at taking air power to sea as early as 1910-1911. -
Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress Updated September 30, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33745 SUMMARY RL33745 Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) September 30, 2021 Program: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O'Rourke The Aegis ballistic missile defense (BMD) program, which is carried out by the Missile Defense Specialist in Naval Affairs Agency (MDA) and the Navy, gives Navy Aegis cruisers and destroyers a capability for conducting BMD operations. BMD-capable Aegis ships operate in European waters to defend Europe from potential ballistic missile attacks from countries such as Iran, and in in the Western Pacific and the Persian Gulf to provide regional defense against potential ballistic missile attacks from countries such as North Korea and Iran. MDA’s FY2022 budget submission states that “by the end of FY 2022 there will be 48 total BMDS [BMD system] capable ships requiring maintenance support.” The Aegis BMD program is funded mostly through MDA’s budget. The Navy’s budget provides additional funding for BMD-related efforts. MDA’s proposed FY2021 budget requested a total of $1,647.9 million (i.e., about $1.6 billion) in procurement and research and development funding for Aegis BMD efforts, including funding for two Aegis Ashore sites in Poland and Romania. MDA’s budget also includes operations and maintenance (O&M) and military construction (MilCon) funding for the Aegis BMD program. Issues for Congress regarding the Aegis BMD program include the following: whether to approve, reject, or modify MDA’s annual procurement and research and development funding requests for the program; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the execution of Aegis BMD program efforts; what role, if any, the Aegis BMD program should play in defending the U.S. -
America's Capitol Is Guarded by Norwegian Surface-To-Air Missiles
America's Capitol Is Guarded By Norwegian Surface-To-Air Missiles Tyler Rogoway 4/03/14 10:00am Every few years the Kremlin pounds their chest about their latest and greatest in surface to air missile (SAM) system, and how it's ready to protect Moscow. Yet even after the terrible events of 9/11 we really don't hear much about America's domestic surface to air missile-based air defense capabilities. That's because we mostly don't have any. But what about in Washington DC? Well, that's another story… Over the last decade, a Hummer-mounted point air defense system that uses FIM-92 Stinger missiles and a 50 caliber machine gun, known as the Army's "Avenger" system, has become a common place fixture in and around Washington DC. This is true especially during times when the country is on high alert and they're hard to miss. Look a little closer and you'll see the Avenger system is actually hard-mounted to the tops of buildings in key strategic areas around the city. This includes at least one Avenger turret overlooking the White House at a nearby building. Still, these are infrared guided, short range, "last line of defense" systems that pack fairly light warheads. What is there to counter heavier threats and those that are identified further out from Capitol Hill? Potomac Airfield KVKX The Flight Restricted Zone, extending some 15 miles out from the center of Washington DC, along with Area51, are probably the two most famous airspace restrictions in the entire US, and maybe even the world. -
Keeping Europe Safe
Missile Defence Update Keeping Europe Safe November 2017 Issue INSIDE SMART InvestmentS: EUROPEAN MISSILE DEFENCE MAKES IMPORTANT PROGRESS MISSILE DEFENCE SUCCESS IN ACTION PAGE 3 Next-GenERATION Missile Defence PAGE 5 by MISSILE DEFENCE UPDATE Every day, missile defence systems safeguard hundreds of millions of people across Europe, identifying and responding to the unprecedented security challenges coming from multiple sides. These advanced, proven, interoperable systems ensure Europe has capabilities that will keep it safe. Sustaining this level of protection requires smart, strategic investments by the member states of NATO and the European Union. Many of these countries are users of Raytheon’s Patriot Air and Missile Defense system and other defensive systems, which offer the best technology and the best value to taxpayers. This issue of the Missile Defence Update highlights the recent advancements, investments and strategies that allow European countries to rise to the challenge of stopping these threats. CONTENTS 2 SMART INVESTMENTS IN MISSILE DEFENCE 3 SUCCESS IN ACTION 4 HOW DOES LAYERED MISSILE DEFENCE WORK? NEXT-GENERATION 5 MISSILE DEFENCE NEXT-GENERATION 6 MISSILE TECHNOLOGY 7 PATRIOT MAKES THE GRADE 8 PATRIOT MAKES ITS WAY IN EUROPE POLAND’S COMMITMENT TO PATRIOT 9 READY NOW FOR GERMANY THE NETHERLANDS: PATRIOT INVESTMENT 10 LITHUANIA PURCHASES THE NASAMS SYSTEM AEGIS ASHORE TRANSFORMS EUROPEAN 11 MISSILE DEFENCE SKYCEPTOR INTEGRATION IN POLAND’S MISSILE 12 DEFENCE SYSTEM 13 RAYTHEON IN EUROPE 1 Missile Defence Update • November 2017 Issue MISSILE DEFENCE UPDATE SMART INVESTMENTS IN MISSILE DEFENCE PROTECTING EUROPE Continued investment in the Patriot also has many economic advantages THROUGH COLLABORATION that contribute to the growth of AND INTEROPERABILITY Europe’s defence industry. -
Air Base Defense Rethinking Army and Air Force Roles and Functions for More Information on This Publication, Visit
C O R P O R A T I O N ALAN J. VICK, SEAN M. ZEIGLER, JULIA BRACKUP, JOHN SPEED MEYERS Air Base Defense Rethinking Army and Air Force Roles and Functions For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR4368 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0500-5 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface The growing cruise and ballistic missile threat to U.S. Air Force bases in Europe has led Headquarters U.S. -
Advances in Inertial Guidance Technology for Aerospace Systems
AIAA 2013-5123 August 19-22, 2013, Boston, MA AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) Conference Advances in Inertial Guidance Technology for Aerospace Systems Robert D. Braun1, Zachary R. Putnam2, Bradley A. Steinfeldt3, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332 and Michael J. Grant4 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN,47907 The origin, evolution, and outlook of guidance as a path and trajectory manager for aerospace systems is addressed. A survey of theoretical developments in the field is presented demonstrating the advances in guidance system functionality built upon inertial navigation technology. Open-loop and closed-loop approaches for short-range systems, long-range systems and entry systems are described for both civilian and military applications. Over time, guidance system development has transitioned from passive and open-loop systems to active, closed-loop systems. Significant advances in onboard processing power have improved guidance system capabilities, shifting the algorithmic computational burden to onboard systems and setting the stage for autonomous aerospace systems. Seminal advances in aerospace guidance are described, highlighting the advancements in guidance and resulting performance improvements in aerospace systems. Nomenclature aT = Thrust acceleration vector D = Drag f1 = Proportional gain f2 = Derivative gain f4 = Integral gain g = Acceleration due to gravity H = Altitude m = Mass v = Velocity vg = Velocity-to-be-gained vector Q = Gain matrix Downloaded by PURDUE UNIVERSITY on January 13, 2014 | http://arc.aiaa.org DOI: 10.2514/6.2013-5123 R = Slant range T = Thrust magnitude ( )0 = Reference value I. Introduction HE objective of guidance is to modify the trajectory of a vehicle in order to reach a target1. -
The Problems of Standardization of Ground-To-Air Missiles
5th International Scientific and Business Conference—Future Engineering 2019 ISBN: 978-1-60595-632-9 The Problems of Standardization of Ground-to-Air Missiles Paweł Dobrzyński1, Stanisław Lipski2, Bogdan Machowski1 and Roman Musiał3 ABSTRACT The article presents the issue of determining tactical and technical premises for proposed standards of calibres of ground-to-air missiles. The possession of the missile-to-air missile systems by the state is not an end in itself, or a way of mutual allied settlements, and is a requirement of the modern battlefield. In connection with the decisions made in the Wisła program, only the Narew program implemented by Polish enterprises can improve the air defense capabilities of the country and operational forces. The proposal for the standardization of ground-to- air missiles is aimed at defining the requirements for these missiles to such an extent as to increase the sense of security of citizens in peacetime, while, in wartime, the loss of human life and infrastructure will be reduced. During military operations, the state of air defense is no longer of such importance for the state authorities, because the authorities are evacuated in the face of threats, because they are the greatest asset of the nation. In the case of combat operations, the standardization of arms systems is the basis for logistical security. The purchase of rocket equipment for half an hour of combat is pointless, because, during this time, there will be no direct contact with the opponent, while the potential opponent probably has supplies for many hours of combat activities. If it is planned to start combat operations on its own, it makes sense, because, after the firing of the first volley, there will be no more. -
US Nod to Integrated Air Defence Weapon System
US Nod to Integrated Air Defence Weapon System drishtiias.com/printpdf/us-nod-to-integrated-air-defence-weapon-system Why in News The US has approved the sale of an Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS) to India at an estimated cost of $1.9 billion. The objective of the deal is to modernise India’s armed forces and to expand its existing air defence architecture to counter threats posed by air attacks. Key Points IADWS will be used along with indigenous, Russian and Israeli systems to erect an ambitious multi-layered missile shield over the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi against aerial threats. It comes amidst the massive military modernisation by China which is also flexing its military muscles in the strategic Indo-Pacific region. Integrated Air Defence Weapon System The Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS) is called the National Advanced Surface to Air Missile System (NASAMS-II). It is an upgraded version of the NASAMS developed by the US firm Raytheon in partnership with Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace of Norway. The IADWS system provides integrated air missile defence and is currently deployed around Washington, DC. It includes launchers, targeting and guidance systems, advanced medium-range air-to- air missile (AMRAAM) and Stinger missiles, 3D Sentinel radars, fire-distribution centres and command-and-control units. Proposed Multi-Layered Air Defence Shield for NCT of Delhi The innermost layer of protection will be through the NASAM-II. 1/2 The indigenous Akash defence missile systems, with a 25-km range, will form the layer over the NASAMS-II. The next layer will be through highly automated and mobile S-400 systems. -
Congressional Record—Senate S956
S956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 10, 2020 This proposed sale will support the foreign requires that Congress receive prior no- movers; generators; technical documenta- policy and national security objectives of tification of certain proposed arms tion; computer based training equipment; the United States. Australia is one of our sales as defined by that statute. Upon training equipment; training towers; ammu- most important allies in the Western Pa- such notification, the Congress has 30 nition storage; training and maintenance fa- cific. The strategic location of this political cilities; infrastructure improvements; U.S. and economic power contributes signifi- calendar days during which the sale Government and contractor technical sup- cantly to ensuring peace and economic sta- may be reviewed. The provision stipu- port, engineering and logistics support serv- bility in the region. lates that, in the Senate, the notifica- ices; warranty services; Systems and Inte- Australia intends to use the missiles on its tion of proposed sales shall be sent to gration Checkout (SICO); field office sup- F–18 aircraft and will provide enhanced capa- the chairman of the Senate Foreign port; and other related elements of logistics bilities in defense of critical sea-lanes. The Relations Committee. and program support. proposed sale of the missiles and support will In keeping with the committee’s in- (iv) Military Department: Army (IN–B– increase the Australian Navy’s maritime tention to see that relevant informa- UAP) and Air Force (IN–D–YAC). partnership potential and align its capabili- (v) Prior Related Cases, if any: None. ties with existing regional baselines. This is tion is available to the full Senate, I (vi) Sales Commission.