150 route de Ferney, P.O. Box 2100 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland

Appeal Tel: 41 22 791 6033 Fax: 41 22 791 6506 e-mail: [email protected]

Ethiopia Coordinating Office

Assistance to Drought Affected - AFET-22 Appeal Target: US$ 27,030,875 Balance Requested from ACT Network: US$ 26,995,619

Geneva, 21 November 2002

Dear Colleagues,

According to the report released in September 2002 by the Ethiopia Federal Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Commission (DPPC), over 6.8 million people in Ethiopia are facing severe food shortages during the current period, with the numbers expected to rise to about 10 million people in the early part of 2003. The Ethiopian Prime Minister, Meles Zenawi was quoted earlier this month as saying that the country faces a famine worse than that of 1984 which killed nearly one million people and sparked off huge international relief efforts. He was further quoted “if the 1984 famine was a nightmare, then this will be too ghastly to contemplate”. Whether this statement could be considered accurate or not, the truth of the matter is that Ethiopia is once more faced with a very severe food crisis which calls for the international community to intervene with massive food aid.

As a country highly dependent on rain fed agriculture, this years’ partial or total failure of the belg (short rains) in many areas aggravated the problem of food insecurity. The meher rains (longer rains) also came late and were erratic affecting the long cycle crops and the availability of pasture and water supplies in many pastoral areas. Consequently there were pocket areas that were in need of food assistance from January 2002. In addition many pastoral areas have not recovered from the effect of the 1999/2000 drought.

JRP/ACT forum partners working in pastoral areas have reported massive loss of livestock. The worst affected areas being Afar and Somali regions and pastoral woredas of East Shewa zone of Oromia region. In Afar it is estimated that almost half of the cattle population have been wiped out. Nutritional surveys by the DPPC indicate an alarming nutritional status among children under five. Nutritional surveys conducted in Afar and Fentale in East Shewa, Oromia region indicate 13.1% and 17.9% respectively which is higher than the acceptable below 10%

The ACT/JRP members have submitted the following proposals to respond to food needs and rehabilitation programs in their areas of operation. These members are, Ethiopia Orthodox Church (EOC), Ethiopia Catholic Church (ECC), Ethiopia Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY), Lutheran World Federation/World Service (LWF/WS), Norwegian Church Aid (NCA), and Christian Aid (CA). Christian Aid and Norwegian Church Aid would work through local partners described in the appeal.

ACT is a worldwide network of churches and related agencies meeting human need through coordinated emergency response. The ACT Coordinating Office is based with the World Council of Churches (WCC) and the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) in Switzerland.

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 2 AFET-22 Appeal

Project Completion Date: 31 July 2003

Summary of Appeal Targets, Pledges/Contributions Received and Balance Requested

ACT JRP CA ECC EOC/ LWF/ NCA/ ACT CO Total FOOD DICAC EECMY EECMY Monit. & Appeal ITEMS Communic Target Appeal Targets 24,615,230 878,817 39,723 529,590 571,664 384,851 11,000 27,030,875 Less: Pledges/Contr 0 0 0 28,756 0 6,500 0 35,256 Recd Balance Requested 24,615,230 878,817 39,723 500,834 571,664 378,351 11,000 26,995,619 from ACT Network

Please kindly send your contributions to the following ACT bank account:

Account Number – 240-432629.60A (USD) Account Name: ACT - Action by Churches Together UBS SA PO Box 2600 1211 Geneva 2 SWITZERLAND

Please also inform the Finance Officer Jessie Kgoroeadira (direct tel. +4122/791.60.38, e-mail address [email protected]) of all pledges/contributions and transfers, including funds sent direct to the implementers, now that the Pledge Form is no longer attached to the Appeal.

We would appreciate being informed of any intent to submit applications for EU, USAID and/or other back donor funding and the subsequent results. We thank you in advance for your kind cooperation.

For further information please contact: ACT Director, Thor-Arne Prois (phone +41 22 791 6033 or mobile phone + 41 79 203 6055) or ACT Appeals Officer, John Nduna (phone +41 22 791 6040 or mobile phone +41 79 433 0592)

ACT Web Site address: http://www.act-intl.org

Ms. Geneviève Jacques Thor-Arne Prois Robert Granke Director Director, ACT Director WCC/Cluster on Relations LWF/World Service

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 3 AFET-22 Appeal

I. REQUESTING ACT MEMBER INFORMATION

Joint Relief Partnership/ Action By Churches Together (JRP/ACT) forum members in Ethiopia

The JRP/ACT forum was formed by members of JRP and ACT in Ethiopia. It was instituted in the second half of the year 2000 to better co-ordinate the emergency responses.

The JRP/ACT Forum consist of: Ethiopian Orthodox Church (EOC) Ethiopian Catholic Church (ECC) Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY) Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Lutheran World Federation / Department for World Service (LWF/DWS), Ethiopia Norwegian Church Aid (NCA), Ethiopia Christian Aid (CA), Ethiopia Canadian Food Grain Bank (CFGB) Dan Church Aid (DCA), Ethiopia and Bread For the World (BFW)

This application is being sent to the ACT network, however the JRP/ACT forum members will submit another appeal, which covers some of the food needs in the 20 districts to USAID through CRS. The Ethiopian Catholic Church (ECC) is also working through the Caritas Network and currently preparing its plan for relief and rehabilitation activities to be submitted to the Caritas Internationalis network.

Due to the severity of the problem in the country and lack of relief resources the JRP/ACT forum members agreed to submit their application to all traditional donors with the hope that all contributions made will cover the need in areas where the forum members intended to assist. The request in this appeal includes both food and financial support to address current food shortages and for rehabilitation activities.

JRP members have long experience of sharing information and resources. The application sent to ACT, USAID and the Caritas Internationalis network will cover the need in the most food insecure areas that are identified by each partner and agreed up on by JRP/ACT forum members. Therefore the ecumenical partnership and sharing of information which make the JRP unique will still continue in 2002 and 2003.

II. IMPLEMENTING ACT MEMBER & PARTNER INFORMATION

The Joint Relief Partnership (JRP) is an ecumenical consortium of the three local Churches namely, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (EOC), the Ethiopian Catholic Church (ECC), the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY) and the two church related international organisations, the Catholic Relief Services (CRS) and the Lutheran World Federation (LWF). The JRP was established in November 1984 during the peak of the Ethiopian famine and has since then continued with relief and rehabilitation intervention in different areas of the country whenever needed. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church, the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus and the Lutheran World Federation are also members of the ACT network. The ACT network members, Norwegian Church AID (NCA), Christian Aid (CA), Canadian Food Grains Bank (CFGB) and Bread For the World, individually have been working with JRP partners, especially with the EOC and EECMY, in relief, rehabilitation and development activities for many years. Since the formation of the JRP/ACT forum members have been engaged in relief and rehabilitation activities in different parts of the country.

In order to facilitate effective and smooth co-ordination for implementation of relief and rehabilitation

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 4 AFET-22 Appeal programmes, JRP/ACT forum member have taken the responsibility of co-ordinating and implementing relief and rehabilitation programmes according to their local presence (ongoing programmes), capacity of each members in the woreda and existing infrastructures.

Description of ACT Members' implementing partners

The Ethiopian Orthodox Church diocesan in North Gondar, South Wello and South Tigray Zones will be the responsible implementing partners of the programme in their respective areas. All diocesan have been implementing relief, rehabilitation and development programmes for many years. There are ongoing food security programmes under implementation in their area. They have well established relation with the community and the local line ministries, which is an asset for smooth and better co- ordinated implementation of the proposed programmes.

The ECC partners, Meki Catholic Secretariat and Sodo-Hosana Catholic Secretariats have been involved in relief and rehabilitation and development programmes for many years. They have ongoing development programmes, which will provide a technical support for the EGS programme that is indicated in this proposal. The Church presence in the areas and the relationship established with the local community and government officials will be an asset in the implementation of the planned activities.

The EECMY South East Area Work (SEAW) will implement the operations in the three districts in Bale Zone. EECMY North Central Ethiopia Synod (NCES) will implement the operations in Dahena woreda in Wag Hamra zone and the two woredas in Afar region. Both church units have for several years been implementing relief, rehabilitation and development projects and programmes with the Lutheran World Federation. During previous ACT appeals, e.g. in 2000 and 2001 both church units did implement the relief and rehabilitation activities.

The NCA have been working in close collaboration with the EECMY Church units for many years. The proposed programmes in Filtu and Liben woredas will be implemented with the EECMY/SES. Konso special woreda that is under the EECMY/SWS area of operation will be implemented with SWS. The implementing partner for Amaro, Dale and Aleta Wondo woredas will be the EECMY/SCES. The four church units have ongoing rehabilitation and development programmes.

The implementing partners for the programme in Fantale woreda will be GTF. SOS -Sahel will implement the programme in Kindo Koish and Ofa woredas, while AFD will implement the rehabilitation programmes in Bolos Sore and Boreda woredas. All implementing organisations have been implementing partners of CA and have ongoing programmes in the respective woredas.

The other partner of CA the EECMY/SEAW will implement the programme in Mena Hangetu woreda in Bale zone. The church units have ongoing rehabilitation and development programmes in Bale zone. However activities in relation to the IDPs are emergency oriented. The EECMY/CA have visited the area and undertaken nutrition surveys at the end of September 2002 which will be used for future intervention.

Each sponsoring or leading partner (EOC, ECC, LWF, NCA and CA) in the targeted woredas will have the overall responsibility for the part of the programme in their respective areas of operation. Sponsoring or leading partners will furthermore be responsible for the purchase and transportation of the proposed rehabilitation input and for monitoring of the programme activities. Sponsoring and leading members of the JRP/ACT forum is also responsible for the co-ordination of the activities with the government of Ethiopia at federal and regional level to ensure that duplication does not take place. For a clear and comprehensive presentation of the implementing partners relationship with the JRP/ACT forum members in general and the sponsoring or leading agency in general please refer to the

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 5 AFET-22 Appeal organigram in the annex - 1.

III. DESCRIPTION of the EMERGENCY SITUATION

Background Information Food production in Ethiopia is highly dependent on rain fed agriculture. The two rainy seasons- the short (belg) rain and the main (meher) rains are very important for crop production and animal husbandry. 85% of the population is engaged in the agricultural sector and agriculture contributes a significant proportion to the national economy and is the main source of foreign earnings.

In many parts of the country food production from the year 2001 has improved due to a general improvement on rain distribution of both belg (short) rain and meher (main). However the 2002 belg rain was late and erratic in distribution affecting many belg crop-producing areas. It has also affected planting of long cycle crops in meher crop dependant areas and the availability of pasture and water in many pastoral areas. Consequently there were pocket areas that were in need of food assistance from January 2002. In addition many pastoral areas have not recovered from the effect of the 1999/2000 drought. There were and still are substantial declines in animal herd size due to widespread death coupled with distress sales to cope with food shortage, disease and lack of fodder and water.

Though general improvement in food production is reported, the Federal Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Commission (DPPC) appeal issued beginning of 2002, indicated that still 5.2 million people are looking for immediate assistance and additional 1.9 million people needed close monitoring and supervision. The food required for the above mentioned needy population was 557,204 MT of assorted food. This was based on the assumption that the belg rain would be favourable. The fate of the 1.9 million people from both farming and pastoral areas depends on the performance of year 2002 belg rains which has already recorded much lower than the amount expected. In many areas a complete failure was reported.

Given the situation around the middle of 2002, JRP/ACT forum members submitted their request to ACT for rehabilitation assistance which covers only 9 districts. The focuses of the programme were mainly rehabilitation. It was anticipated that in these 9 chronically food insecure woredas the government will cover the food need or JRP/ACT forum member will solicit food from other donors. The request submitted to ACT was to assist 318,700 beneficiaries in the 9 woredas, namely, Dehana, Washera, Beltu, Sawena and Rayitu, under EECMY/LWF areas of operation, and Debark, Wogera, Ebinat and Deder under the EOC areas of operation. The appeal issued to partners later covered only EECMY/LWF areas of operation. However the response to the appeal were only USD 268,470 from a total of USD 1,284,016.

Current situation At the beginning of the year there were a high level of optimism that the year 2002 belg rain would be satisfactory. Later, on 12 July 2002 the Federal DPPC issued a special alert indicating the deteriorating food supply situation especially in belg crop dependant areas and pastoral communities. The belg rain usually determines the food availability during July - December. In 2002, the partial or total failure of belg rain in many areas aggravated the problem of food insecurity in the country.

The belg rain was characterised by good start but very long dry spell that extended from mid April to June. This has affected belg crops in belg producing areas, land preparation for planting long cycle crops, and water and pasture availability in many areas. This was further aggravated by a delay in the start of the main rain (Kiremt/Meher). In many JRP/ACT forum members operational areas a delay from one to two months were reported. As a result the area planted with long cycle crops were significantly less compared to previous years. Furthermore long cycle crops planted were stunted for the period. Lack

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 6 AFET-22 Appeal of moisture during the flowering and seed setting stage will also significantly affect the performance of the long cycle crops. In some areas farmers attempted to replant short cycle crops such as Teff, wheat, barley. However for the short cycle crops to produce normal yield it needs the rain to continue into late September and for long cycle crops in to October. However drought-monitoring centre in Nairobi predicts that rainfall for September to December will be below normal in the south west, south and eastern parts of the country (DPPC September 2002).

DPPC, UN agencies and JRP/ACT forum partners working in pastoral area have reported massive livestock death. The worst affected areas are Afar and Somali regions and pastoral woredas of East Shewa zone of Oromia region. In Afar it is estimated that almost half of the cattle population has been wiped out. According to the regional bureau of agriculture the cattle death could be as high as 44.4 percent. To be able to feed themselves these communities need up to 9 months until they get milk from surviving livestock.

The nutritional survey that has been conducted indicates alarming nutritional status among the under five years of age. The survey conducted in Afar and Fentale in East Shewa, Oromia region indicated 13.1% and 17.9% GAM respectively which is higher than the acceptable below 10% rate (DPPC September 20021). In some areas of West and East Hararge, East Shewa, North Gondar, Arsi, Kembata and Tembaro Zones, Alaba special woredas and in Afar and Somali regions cases of malnutrition were observed. In areas where JRP/ACT members visited cases of malnutrition were also reported.

Table 1: Results of Nutritional Surveys Conducted between July & September/02

Location Moderate Malnutrition Severe Malnutrition Agency Zone 3, Afar 17.9 % 2.8% GOAL Zone 5, Afar 24.6% - 29.9% 3.0% - 5.5% WVI South Gonder, Amhara 13.0% 0.8% SCUK South Wollo, Amhara 17.8% 1.9% CONCERN East Shewa in Oromiya 12.5% 1.5% GOAL Damot Woide, SNNPR 7.2% 0.8% CONCERN Source: DPPC EWS September 2002.

Prices of crops such as maize, sorghum and teff have shown a significant rise. In low land areas, as the price of grain started to increase livestock prices decreased. As a result the terms of trade between grain and livestock are poor, especially in pastoral areas.

At the end of September 2002 the DPPC issued an appeal for immediate food needs and the scenario of likely emergency needs in 2003 (DPPC, September 30, 2002). In the appeal, three contingency planning scenarios were presented. In the best case scenario 6.8 million people, the mid scenario 10.2 million people and the worst case scenario 14.3 million people will need food assistance. It was also indicated that due to early cessation of the rain in September the best case scenario will not be the most likely. Therefore there will be enormous relief need from early 2003 based on the mid-case scenario.

Table 2: - Scenario of the likely emergency needs in 2003

Scenarios General Ration Supplementary Food Beneficiaries Cereals (Mt) Vulnerable Veg.Oil CSB (Mt) Groups (Mt) Best Case 6.8 million 850,450 1.7 million 21,521 64,563 Mid Case 10.2 million 1,341,182 2.5 million 33,670 101,010 Worst Case 14.3 million 1,991,940 3.2 million 46,171 138,513 Source: DPPC EWS September 2002

1 Refer result of nutrition survey conducted between July and September 2002 on table 1.

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 7 AFET-22 Appeal

At the beginning of the year 2002 the DPPC made some effort to separate what is called the chronic food insecure beneficiaries from the transitory or emergency affected beneficiaries. In the first appeal it was stated that although chronic food insecurity is a development problem, related to poverty and a loss of assets that prevents households from getting back on the ladder of productivity, needs of the chronically food insecure are real. Therefore, JRP/ACT forum members consider linking relief with rehabilitation and development programmes. It is anticipated that the activities will contribute to long-term development and poverty alleviation efforts in the country.

As stipulated in the government policy for disaster prevention and preparedness, the implementation modalities of the emergency programme will be based on Employment Generation Schemes (EGS). Up to 80 % of the beneficiaries have to participate in different activities while the remaining receive gratuitous relief. However the EGS implementation as high as 80% will depend on the capacity that exists at woreda level. Areas identified by JRP/ACT members are those areas where member organisations have ongoing rehabilitation or development programmes. Therefore the implementation modalities will be EGS and all possible means will be used to integrate with the ongoing rehabilitation and development programmes.

ETHIOPIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH OPERATIONAL AREAS

Wogera woreda /N.Gondar in Amhara region Wogera woreda is one of the chronically food insecure areas of N. Gondar administrative Zone. The average food that can be made available through own production per household is not more than three months and the gap is usually covered from food aid, food for work programs or free distribution from government and NGOS.

For a long time EOC/DICAC has been distributing relief food in the areas as a partner of the Joint Relief Partnership (JRP). In addition to this, it is implementing an integrated Rural Development Programs (IRDP) and rehabilitation programs funded by EOC Round Table partners and ACT International in Geneva respectively.

As per the report of the EOC/DICAC co-ordinator, the belg rain was late by 6-8 weeks and has highly affected land preparation for long cycle crops coupled with late on-set of meher rain resulted in reduced area planted. According to reports from the agriculture bureau only 30% of the land planted in 2001 has been utilised for this year meher season. This has seriously affected yield of long cycle crops like maize and sorghum in most low land areas of the zone (Gebrehiwote August 2002).

On the other hand, excessive rain, flood and hailstorm in some localities caused substantial damage to crops like barley, wheat, bean, chickpea, maize, and potato. Scarcity of water in the low land area is also reported. Unless, the rain continues throughout September, the problem in Wogera woreda will further deteriorate.

The special Alert issued by DPPC on July 12, 2002 and the multi-agency assessment report in September regarding the current food situation in Ethiopia indicates that because of the poor belg rain most farmers planted late and the poor rain since April has damaged the planted crops. This has highly affected the current food prospect of the woreda causing the food shortage to be very acute. There is also a need for rehabilitation inputs and livestock restocking especially in the lowland areas.

In addition to this, the assessment made by EOC/DICAC development office in the area has confirmed a similar situation. Furthermore, the woreda administration has requested the EOC/DICAC field office

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 8 AFET-22 Appeal for food assistance. The federal and regional DPPC has confirmed that no other agency has been involved in food distribution and has given the go ahead.

Dabat woreda /N.Gondar, Amhara Region Dabat woreda is located 50 kms north west of Gondar town and adjacent to Wogera woreda. It is one of the chronically food insecure woredas in the country.

EOC/DICAC has been distributing relief food in the areas as a partner of the Joint Relief Partnership (JRP). In addition to this, it is implementing an integrated Rural Development Programs (IRDP) funded by EOC Round Table partners and a Rehabilitation program funded by ACT International in Geneva.

As per the assessment made by the relief staff of EOC/DICA, because of the poor belg rain and delay onset of the meher rain, the area planted has decreased considerably. Most farmers planted late and the poor rain since April has damaged the planted crops. Cereal market supply also indicates that there is a food shortage in the area. Furthermore, the woreda administration has requested for food, seed, and hand tools, restocking assistance, which is considered in this appeal as a rehabilitation component.

The special Alert issued by DPPC on July 12, 2002 and the multi-agency assessment report in September 2002 indicated the need for food assistance in the woreda. The DPPC has confirmed that no other agency has been involved in food distribution.

Debark woreda /N.Gondar, Amhara region Debark woreda is also one of the chronically food insecure woredas in N.Gondar. EOC/DICAC has been distributing relief food in the areas as a partner of the Joint Relief Partnership (JRP) for a long time.

In addition to the food distribution, EOC/DICAC is implementing agricultural rehabilitation programs funded by Action by Churches Together (ACT) International and Integrated Rural Development Programs (IRDP) funded by EOC Round Table partners. The program mainly focuses on soil and water conservation activities, water development, schools construction and maintenance, health and animal husbandry.

The relief staff of EOC/DICAC visited N. Gondar in August 2002 and carried out an assessment on the current food status of the woreda. According to the report, poor belg rain and delay onset of meher rain has greatly affected land preparation and has shown considerable decrease in crop production. The problem of hailstorms has also damaged the crops planted on about 2,534 ha of land. The EOC/DICAC in the area has distributed seeds to cover 114 ha of land. To get good yield there is a need for continuation of the current rain throughout September, however the indication from meteorological reports is that it is not likely to happen.

Findings are similar to that of the DPPC issued on July 12, 2002, and September 2002. Furthermore, the woreda administration has requested the field office for food and non-food assistance. The DPPC has also indicated that no other agency has been involved in food distribution.

Mekdela woreda /S. Wollo Zone in Amahara Region Mekdella is one of the woredas of S.Wollo and the woreda town Masha, is located at 554 Kms N. West of Addis Ababa. The landscape is characterised by rugged mountains and deep gorges. The total size of the Woreda is 152,100 hectares with a population of about 140,237.

The communities of Mekdela are making their livelihood 88% from farming, 7% from non-farm, 3% from wages and 2% others. Artisanship such as blacksmithry, weaving and pottery are practised traditionally. Petty trades like purchasing of grains and livestock from and to the woreda is one of the potential areas of income generating activities for many farmers.

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 9 AFET-22 Appeal

Natural resource degradation is prevalent in the area and considered to be one of the problem causing low crop production. The belg rainfall has failed for almost 15 years while the rainfall was uneven and insufficient for crop production in the area. For the past ten years the main (Kiremt) rainfall was characterised by late onset and early cessation. Though the woreda has two cropping seasons, belg and meher, the main production is expected from meher production. Thus, the production from only one season is not adequate for a household.

The Ethiopian Orthodox church has been involved in development programmes which comprises: soil and water conservation, area closure, reforestation, forage development and supply of improved seeds as well as construction of health institutes since 1998. Th programme was supported by USAID Title II regular food security programs.

The special Alert issued by DPPC on July 12, 2002 and the multi-agency assessment report in September 2002 EOC/DICAC assessment report indicates that because of the poor belg rain most farmers planted late and the poor rain since April has damaged the crops. This has aggravated the food shortage in the area. Furthermore, the woreda administration has requested the field office for food assistance.

As per the discussion with head of Aid Programs Co-ordination and Monitoring Department, the woreda needs the food assistance as of October 2002. The DPPC has also confirmed that no other agency has been involved in food distribution.

Wadla woreda /N. Wollo: Amhara Region Wadla is one of the woredas of North Wollo administrative zones of the Amhara National Regional State. The woreda town Kone Abo is located at 640Kms north west of Addis Ababa and the woreda has a total size of 114,335 hectares with an estimated population of 122,579.

The livelihood of 91% of the rural population depends on agriculture. The woreda has two cropping seasons belg and meher. The belg has failed for 10 years. The yield of major crops in the area during good harvesting season, as reported by farmers is 8 quintal (q)/hectare (ha) for wheat, 7 (q)/ha for barley, 6 q /ha for teff, 7q /ha for oats and 6 q/ha for beans. Loss of soil fertility and water logging are problems in the area for crop production.

The amount and distribution of rainfall was uneven and insufficient for crop production. Rainfall record in the past ten years indicates that the rain usually start late and ends early in September.

The special Alert issued by DPPC on July 12, 2002, and the multi- agency assessment teams indicated that that Wadla woreda is one of the woredas affected by failure of 2002 belg rain and additional crop damages by frost and disease. The DPPC has confirmed that no other agency has been involved in food distribution.

The Ethiopian Orthodox Church has been involved in development programmes which comprises, soil and water conservation, area closure, afforestation, forage development and supply of improved seeds as well as construction of health institutes since 1998. The programme was supported by USAID Title II regular food security programs. This programme is expected to continue until the end of 2007.

The proposed project will cover the emergency food need and through the EGS the programme will be linked with the ongoing activities.

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 10 AFET-22 Appeal

Endamehone Woreda /S.Tigray , Tigray region Endamehone is one of the 8 woredas of the zone located at 668 Kms North of Addis Ababa and 120 Kms South of Mekele, the regional capital. The total size of the woreda is 27,665 ha. The people in the woreda live from arable farming.

The amount and distribution of rainfall was uneven and inadequate for crop production. For the past ten years, the rain usually starts late and ceases early. However, the intensity of the rain, even in a short period of time, was high and caused severe erosion. About 66% of the total farmland is subjected to serious erosion. Since most of the farm plots are found on the hillsides and at a bottom of the mountains, vulnerability to erosion is very high.

The woreda has two cropping seasons' belg and meher. However the belg season, which normally starts from November to March, has been recorded as a total failure or absent for the last decade. The meher rainfall from March to October in the only rain received in the area during the last decade. Thus, food production in one season has been unsatisfactory and insufficient. Loss of soil fertility is one of the factors causing low crop production. The average yields of major crops in the area for the last five years, as reported by farmers and the woreda agricultural office was with-out fertiliser, barley 10 q/ha, and, teff 6 q /ha and with fertiliser 20 and 25 q / ha barley and teff respectively.

The Ethiopian Orthodox Church has been involved in development programmes which include, soil and water conservation, area closure, afforestation, forage development and supply of improved seeds and construction of health institutes since 1998. The USAID Title II regular food security programs are under implementation and it is expected to continue up to year 2007.

The assessment made by EOC/DICAC field office concerning the current food need in the woreda has shown that the food shortage is very severe. This is also confirmed by a multi-agency assessment mission that visited that area in August 2002. Furthermore, the woreda administration has established a task force to solicit and co-ordinate any possible assistance. The committee has requested partners including EOC/DICAC for assistance.

ECC AREAS OF OPERATION

As part of the Joint Relief Partnership (JRP) coalition, the Ethiopian Catholic Church proposes a 9- month humanitarian response to be made in famine-affected woredas from November 2002 to July 2003. The five target woredas are Zeway Dugda and Dodota Sire in Arsi zone and Hombo and Kindo Koisha in Wolayita and Omo Sheleko in Kembata zones of Ormia and SNNPRS, respectively. This proposal briefly describes the country situation, the specific conditions of these target woredas, the strategies to be adopted and the overall resources required to run the program.

Following is a brief presentation of the emergency situations existing in the five proposed woredas:

Zeway Dugda Zeway Dugda is situated in the Rift Valley and has only one rainy season in a year - April to September with a brief respite in May. Again it has been constantly erratic for the last nine years, particularly affecting wheat and teff crops. The district is also known for maize production, but due to the late start of meher rains in April this crop has been severely affected this year. As one coping mechanism, deforestation has become a serious problem as people cut trees to produce charcoal in order to finance their daily subsistence. Other forms of adaptive means are also being carried out as in the other proposed areas.

According to the assessment of a Federal and Oromiya Regional team who visited the area in July and

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 11 AFET-22 Appeal

September 80-100% harvest failure is expected in the two woredas because of the current moisture stress, exposing them further into 2003.

An estimated 159,619 people live in Omo Shalako, a district with very poor infrastructure and social services as compared to the other woredas in Kembata and Tembaro zone. While about 93 percent of the population of this woreda live in rural areas, communication within these people is severely hampered by lack of communication infrastructures. As in other parts of the country, failed rains primarily caused the current food shortage. At the same time, the hilly terrain causing severe soil and environmental degradation, very fast population increase, poor social services and malaria epidemic have been contributing to the socio-economic vulnerability of the people.

Maize, sorghum, haricot beans, wheat, teff, vegetables and root crops are widely grown. In addition to the shortage of rains, crop diseases and pests, with stock borer particularly affecting maize and sorghum have caused severe damages to some crops surviving the moisture stress. In this district, the shortage of rain is compounded by a massive infestation of stock borer affecting maize and haricot beans as well as and crop diseases.

Found in Wolayita zone, Kindo Koisha is home to 167,756 people. While the same crop varieties as in Omo Shalako are cultivated here, the failed rain has severely affected the woreda as its 55% of agricultural production depended on belg rains. Crop diseases and pests have caused tremendous damage here as well. The destruction caused by flies’ infestation on sweet potatoes is very dramatic. Over population and small land holding sizes per household contribute to the chronic food shortage problem.

The third woreda proposed by SHCS is Humbo in Wolayita with its population of 118,224. 76% of its agricultural production depends on belg rains. Hence, in terms of annual harvest, the failed belg rains have severely affected this woreda. Sweet potatoes, haricot beans and teff are main crops cultivated in the area.

Both in Humbo and Kindo Koisha woredas, there was a complete failure of belg rains. Though compensation seeds were made available and many fields were replanted, particularly in the low lands, at present most of the plants on these fields are wilting due to constant moisture stress. The problem is more severe in the low land parts of the districts. Hence, according to assessments made, a significant meher loss is expected in both districts. The rehabilitation parts of the programme in Kindo Koisha will be implemented by CA and SOS Sahel (UK). While the programme by ECC will focus on food distribution on EGS basis. For detail information on the type of EGS activities refer annex - 2.

The intervention districts for Meki Catholic Secretariat will be Zeway Dugda and Dodota Sire in Arsi zone of Oromiya National Regional State. Soddo-Hosanna Catholic Secretariat has proposed to provide humanitarian response in Humbo and Kindo Koisha in Wolaita and Omo Shalako in Kembata Tembaro zones of SNNPRS, respectively.

LWF/EECMY AREAS OF OPERATION

Bale Zone Oromia Region Sawena, Beltu and Rayitu woredas are located about 610 km, 660 km and 585 km southeast of Addis Ababa respectively. The three woredas are located in the south eastern parts of Oromia regional state where infrastructure and basic service delivery are extremely poor. According to the 2002 population count, 58,463, 44,560 and 36,194 people live in Sawena, Beltu and Rayitu woredas respectively. The main livelihoods in the three woredas are dependent on livestock. The main herd constitutes camel, cattle, goats, sheep and donkeys.

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 12 AFET-22 Appeal

All the three woredas have a similar bimodal weather. The main (meher) rain season called ``Genna`` in Sawena and Beltu fall between March- May, while the short season called ``Hageya`` fall between August to October/November. In Rayitu the main rainy (meher) season ‘Genna’ falls between September to October/November, while the short rain (Belg) locally called ‘Arfasa’ fall between March to end of May’.

Reports from the three woredas revealed that during the last 7 to 8 years' rainfall in these areas was highly erratic. As a result, the number of livestock gradually decreased either through death due to lack of pasture and water, or sale to meet the daily food needs. During the year 2000 the agro-pastoral population of all the three woredas lost the major part of their livestock (Melkamnesh, et al September 2002). In response to the recurrent drought and loss of a large number of livestock they have started small-scale farming. Even during normal time, the food produced in all the woredas is not in a large quantity but mainly to supplement the food needs of the family.

The rainfall situation during the last 3 to 4 years and particularly the last two consecutive seasons was the worst. The genna rain in the woredas was characterised by late start and early cessation that has severely affected the crop production, pasture and water2 availability for domestic and animal consumption. Belg season (Arfassa or Genna) rain in 2002 was a total failure. Most crops planted wilted due to long dry spells and lack of moisture during the flowering stage. It was reported that most of the crop planted did not even reach flowering stage. Few reported that they have managed to produce some teff using the seed they received from LWF (ACT 2001 donation).

Livestock condition in the three woredas does not look very bad at this time. Carcasses have not been observed in all the places visited. However cattle are moving desperately from place to place in search of water and pasture. It was reported that watering cattle is done every third day, due to scarcity of water and distance between water points and pasture. Due to the worsening drought situation the prices of animals have started falling. The number of animals in the market for sale is very high while the demand is almost none.

Lack of food in the areas has been a serious problem since 1999. A critical situation in terms of malnutrition was not observed in children as a result of relief food distribution by EECMY/LWF since October 2001, though it was erratic. The need for food in all the three woredas is very serious at this moment, as the EECMY/LWF food distribution programme phased out starting from August 2002 due to lack of food. The government has allocated food that will cover only the need in September. People have already started eating wild fruits (such as cactus). It is highly likely that the nutritional status will deteriorate unless food is made available.

Dahena woreda Wag Himera Zone Dahana woreda is known in general for its chronic food insecurity, degradation and remoteness. It is about 760 km north of Addis Ababa. The road up to Sekota is good an all weather road, while the last 70 km road up to Amdework the main town is a very rough, dry weather road.

The Woreda is highly food insecure due to a variety of reasons including diminishing landholdings and land productivity, a lack of productive assets and/or household labour and unproductive technologies and farming practices. The number of chronically food insecure households has thus continued to rise in response to the above reasons.

The farmers in the area reported that fertility of the land has declined alarmingly, the weather condition has not been stable and occurrences of pest and livestock diseases have become more frequent and damaging. The farmers describe their situation with the following comments: the land and the crops

2 Women are walking 8-10 hours to collect water for domestic consumption.

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 13 AFET-22 Appeal have been in conflict…the land is tired of the people3.

Because of the low and insufficient agricultural produce the impact of the relief food on the local market prices will mostly benefit the communities and keep them from selling their assets such as their livestock to cover their food needs.

EECMY/LWF has for several years assisted the needy beneficiaries in this chronically food insecure woreda. Besides the relief operation, EECMY/LWF in 2000-implemented a pilot project called the grey zone study, which attempted to link relief with development through the provision of seeds and tools, support to water development and environmental protection training. In this pilot project, 5 spring developments, 2 hand-dug wells and 2 pond were constructed. Water developments like this are highly valued and will be further expanded during this operation. EECMY/LWF in 2001 conducted a health and sanitation workshop, which was appreciated by the participants from the woreda, the PA’s and the farmers. It was recommended to continue these workshops in other areas of the woreda as well. LWF/EECMY in August 2002 distributed food obtained from the EU for 31,500 beneficiaries based on EGS. LWF/ EECMY is applying for food to reach the people to meet their needs and as a continuation to strengthen the already initiated activities.

In the period from July to December, each year more than 50% of the population depends on food aid distributions. The total number of people who need immediate assistance in Dehana woreda are 54,800 (DPPC/EWS August 2002). Because of the severe nutritional status, supplementary food including vegetable oil should be supplied for all beneficiaries.

Chifra and Mille woredas (districts), of zone 1 Afar Region Afar region is situated in the north-eastern part of Ethiopia. It is divided into five different administrative zones. The whole region is found in the great east African rift valley, which is entirely low land and inhabited, by pastoralist. In general, the region is at present experiencing the effect of very severe drought. The February- May 2002 rains completely failed and the rainfall situation in the preceding seasons was poor. Therefore, water and pasture are seriously short in almost all parts of the region.

In the two woredas (districts), Chifra and Mille of zone 1, LWF Soil and Water Project (SWCP) are currently constructing a small-scale river diversion and irrigation scheme. In these areas the water points have dried up while pasture are seriously short. The water levels in the perennial rivers like Mille are very low and many livestock have died - about 50 percent livestock death was reported. A lot have migrated to the nearby semi-high land Amhara and Tigray regions in search of pasture and water. The rest are physically weak (weight loss) in bad shape and cannot give birth to calves and produce milk before one year. In addition to the water and pasture shortages serious livestock diseases have been reported from all areas.

The implementation modality is food-for-work. Relief food, which will be distributed through EGS, can be used to expand and strengthen the SWCP activities and ensure that the communities can utilise the irrigation schemes. During a monitoring visit to the areas in June 2002, the local administration urged LWF to finalise the irrigation schemes as soon as possible, so that the communities could benefit immediately. At present and for the next one-year, 20,600 and 19,150 people living in Chifra and Mille woredas respectively are in a desperate need of food for their survival. As these needy people are living along the rivers on which the river diversion schemes are being conducted, the plan is to distribute the food on an EGS basis so that the beneficiaries can participate in the project.

In light of the serious situation, the country is facing, LWF/EECMY would recommend that the operation to cover the period from November to June 2003.

3 Getachew November 2001

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NCA/EECMY AREAS OF OPERATION

Filtu woreda, Liban Zone Somali region. Filtu is one among other woredas in Liban Zone of Somali Region. It is located at about 725 kms south east from Addis Ababa. Inhabitants of the woreda are mainly pastoralists and agro-pastoralists. The woreda is characterised by arid & semi-arid climatic conditions. It has two rainy seasons, the main rain (ganna) from March to May and the short rain (hagaya) from September to November. The seasonal rainfalls have been erratic and insufficient for the last three to four consecutive years.

The water sources in the woreda include boreholes, Birkas (traditional cisterns), surface water (ponds), and two rivers (Genale & Dawa) flowing across at the bordering areas of the woreda. Due to the abnormality of seasonal rainfalls, the surface water points usually get dried up leaving many inhabitants without water. Those areas like Haysuftu, one of the rural town in the woreda, which received insufficient/poor 2002 main seasonal rains are now facing water shortage for human and livestock consumption.

The Belg rain are also used for production of some short maturing varieties of sorghum and maize, and for land preparation and planting of long cycle crops. This year however, due to inadequate rainfall, little or no harvests are expected from most areas. As a result food shortage is a major problem. Livestock conditions are also deteriorating due to shortage/ lack of pasture and water. Most affected people are the Internally Displaced People (IDPs) residing in temporary shelters in Filtu and Haysuftu towns. These people were displaced from Bale and Borana Zones of Oromia and from Filtu surrounding localities, in 1999 & 2000, due to ethnic conflicts and drought. As they have no assets and are dependant on humanitarian agencies, the relief assistance needs to continue until the resettlement programme is completed and the people become self-supporting.

NCA/E with its partner EECMY/SES has been providing relief food and drinking water for these needy people since 2000, and provided shelter & household materials in November-December 2001. UNICEF has also contributed funds for covering the February to March 2002 water tanker programme. At the moment NCA/EECMY-SES are in the process of repatriating and rehabilitating 11,864 IDPs in Filtu Woreda and Bale Zone (Meda Wolabu & Mena HHangetu Woredas), with rehabilitation packages such as relief food, assorted farm tools & seeds, and restocking with goats. The allocated relief food has already been distributed starting from July 2002.

According to the DPPC August 2002 Early Warning Report, including the IDPs there are 16,700 (6,012 men, 6,513 women and 4,175 children) needy people in the Woreda. As NCA and EECMY are in the process of rehabilitating 11,864 IDPs in Bale and Liben Zones, there is a continued need of relief food distribution up to June/July 2003, so that they will be able to continue their sustained life in their places of origin. The relief food distribution will be linked directly with the on going rehabilitation program. The able-bodied beneficiaries, after moving to the identified resettlement areas, will construct their houses from local materials and prepare their fields for the next planting season on an EGS basis.

Liben woreda, Borena Zone, in Oromia region. Liben is one of the woredas in Borana Zone the capital of which is Neghelle about 600 kms south east of Addis Ababa. Liben woreda is adjacent to Filtu woreda in Somali region. The rural communities of Liben woreda are pastoralist while those living in towns and in the surrounding are agro pastoralits.

The two rainy seasons in the area are the main (gana) from March to May and the short (Hagaya) from end of September to November. The main water sources in the area are bore-holes, cisterns, ponds and shallow traditional wells (Ellas). Due to the abnormality in distribution and quantity of the rainfall, the

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 15 AFET-22 Appeal surface water points usually get dried up leaving many inhabitants without water.

According to EECMY- South Ethiopia Synod report, the 1999/2000 severe droughts period in the area had left many families with very few herds and they have not recovered even from the impact of the drought. Those who lost their livestock such as milking cows, oxen, seeds and farm tools were not restocked and rehabilitated. As a result many were left destitute and a significant size of cultivable lands not farmed due to lack of draught power and failure of the rains. The price of livestock was also very low compared to the price of grain at the same period. During normal periods the price of grain at this time would have been low while animal price relatively lower.

Therefore, though the main rainy season in 2002 was not bad compared to that of 2000, as a result of lack of core assets (oxen) consequently insufficient crop production, there are people who require relief assistance. According to the DPPC August 2002 EWS report about 4,600 (1,748 men, 1,794 women and 1,058 children) people need relief food assistance up to December 2002. Failure or insufficient rainfall of the short rainy season, from September to November, may necessitate the continuation of the programme up to March 2003 or even to June/July.

NCA with EECMY has an ongoing water points rehabilitation program in the area. The able bodied target groups will be engaged in collecting the required raw materials, clearing and repairing the surface water points through EGS.

Konso Special woreda, Souther Nations and Nationalities Peoples Region (SNNPR) Konso is one of the special woredas in SNNPR. It is located at about 595 kms south of Addis Ababa. The inhabitants are sedentary farmers and the main crops grown are maize, sorghum and millet.

Konso has two rainy seasons. The main rainy season from end February to end May and the short rainy season from mid September to November. According to the August DPPC EWS and EECMY/SWS report the onset of the 2002 belg rains was reported to be on time in the special woreda, and its distribution was said to be fair till end of April. However, from May to the first week of July sufficient rain had not been recorded. In general the performance of the 2002 Belg rain was very poor and much below average from the previous two years. The prospect for crop production in Konso was also affected by severe dry spells that occurred at growth and flowering stages of the crops. Thus the production performance was a total failure in the lowlands of the woreda. In the mid high lands, the production prospect would have been better had there not been shortage of agricultural inputs particularly fertilisers and improved seeds. Farmers could not get inputs on credit due to previous years-unsettled debts.

The general condition of livestock was found to be good. However, water and pasture shortage is prevailing, until the next short rainy season that is expected to start in October. Even if it rains, production from this season will be much lower relative to the main season where high-yielding long- cycle crops are usually planted. An outbreak of lump skin disease was reported in 20 peasant associations.

Due to the failure of belg rain 65,000 (24,700 men, 26,000 women and 14,300 children) people need relief assistance. NCA is currently involved in a drinking water development program. The assistance requested is for the people through an EGS where the beneficiaries are expected to participate in the water development program, like developing springs, collecting materials for construction, road construction etc. The proposed assistance period is from November up to July 2003.

Amaro Special woreda, in SNNPR Amaro is located about 485 kms south of Addis Ababa. The inhabitants of the Amaro special woreda are subsistence farmers. Main crops produced for food in the woreda are mainly maize, wheat, teff, barley, haricot bean, pea, bean, vegetable crops, etc. Enset (false Banana), chat (a stimulant) and coffee are also

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 16 AFET-22 Appeal the popular perennials produced for food and cash. The farmers also rear animals like cattle, sheep, goats etc. There are two cropping seasons in the area, belg rain from September to November and the meher rain from February to May. The belg rains are mainly used for land preparation (for coffee) and planting of long cycle crops such as maize and sorghum. The meher rains are used for planting crops like barley, teff, wheat, bean, pea, haricot bean, and vegetable crops. Besides, meher rains are also important for the growth and development of perennial crops such as enset, coffee and chat.

According to the August DPPC/EWS report, onset of the 2002 Belg rains was reported to be on time in the special woreda, and its distribution was said to be even till end of April. However, from May to the first week of July sufficient rain has not been recorded. In general the performance of the 2002 belg rain was very poor and much below average from the previous two years. The prospect for crop production in Amaro was also affected by severe dry spells that occurred at growth and flowering stages of the crops. Also due to total failure of meher rain, seeds planted could not generate, and practically nothing is expected to be harvested both in high & lowland areas. Thus the production performance was and is a total failure in the woreda. The production prospect would have been better had there not been shortage of agricultural inputs, particularly fertilisers and improved seeds when it started raining. Farmers could not get inputs on credit due to previous years’ unsettled debts.

The general condition of livestock was found to be good. However, water and pasture shortage is prevailing even in the highlands. According to reports from the special woreda officials, perennial rivers and springs are drying up even in the highlands. There was an out break of malaria in the lowlands, which was controlled according to the report. The cumulative effects of unfavourable climatic conditions causing total failure of crop harvest, a significant decrease in coffee price, and other chronic problems (like land degradation, deforestation etc), have exposed 35,000 (12,250 men, 13,300 women and 9,450 children) people to severe food shortages.

The next planting period will be March - April 2003 (belg) and will be harvested in June/July, if the weather is favourable. Therefore, the relief assistance (grain, supplementary food & edible oil) should continue up to the expected harvest time (June/July). EECMY/ South Central Ethiopia Synod (SCES) has development activities in the area such as; tree nurseries that provide seedlings to farmers, spring protection/development, hand dug wells, health & sanitation work etc. The beneficiaries will be engaged in reforestation (preparing places for trees planting), clearing & developing/protecting springs and hand- dug wells preparation.

Alata Wondo woreda in Sidam zones of SNNPR The woreda is one among ten woredas in Sidama Zone of SNNPR. Alata Wondo woreda is known for its diverse, intensive and well-established traditional agro forestry systems in which a diversity of perennial and annual crops are grown together. In the two woredas mixed agriculture is practised. Major crops grown include enset, coffee, maize, wheat, teff, barley, haricot bean, and chat. Enset is the main staple food while coffee and chat are cash crops. There are two cropping seasons in the areas, Belg & Meher. Belg rains (September to November) are mainly used for land preparation and planting long cycle crops such as maize and sorghum and bed preparation for meher crops. The meher rains (from February to May) are used for planting of cereal crops like barley, teff, wheat, and vegetable crops. Besides, meher rains are also responsible for the growth and development of perennial crops such as enset, coffee and chat. Although, population pressure, land shortage and soil erosion are the main problems, farmers used to be self-sufficient and food secure.

According to the March 2002 Regional assessment team report, the food security situation in the area has deteriorated rapidly since the 1999 drought that struck most parts of the country. Following the poor harvest of the same year, the drastic decline of coffee and animal prices and incidences of hailstorms in some pocket areas in 2000 and 2001 further deteriorated the situation. As per the August 2002 DPPC EWS reports, the onset of Belg rains was reported to be late by 4-5 weeks. Its amount and distribution

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 17 AFET-22 Appeal was much below normal in the months of March and April. Starting from end of April up to June a dry spell was reported in the lowlands of the woreda.

In general the performance of the 2002 Belg rain was very poor and much below average from the previous two years, particularly in the lowlands. Due to late on set of rains, planting time was delayed by about a month, and the planted area less than the previous year. Performance crop production, particularly in the lowlands, was severely affected by weather adversities such as long dry spells and hailstorms. In addition to weather adversities pest infestation was another cause for production loses. In the mid high lands the production prospect would have been better had there not been shortage of agricultural inputs, particularly fertilisers and improved seeds. Reportedly farmers could not get inputs on credit due to previous years unsettled debts. Shortage of water and pasture, particularly in the lowlands, as well as increased malnutrition in lowland areas of Alata Wondo were also reported. Since April, the price of grain has increased mainly due to the failure of belg crop production.

The cumulative effects of the chronic problems in the area plus the current belg adversities have exposed 45,700 (16,452 men, 17,823 women and 11,425 children) people in Alata Wondo to relief food assistance. These people require relief food (grain, edible oil & supplementary food) at least to December2002. As the next harvest is expected in June/July, it is very important to consider the continuity of relief assistance up to July 2003. The farmers also require assorted seeds for the coming rainy season. As EECMY/SCES has development activities like; spring protection/development, hand- dug wells construction, education & health works, the beneficiaries will be engaged in spring protection, construction of hand dug wells, farm land preparation etc on an EGS basis.

Dale woreda, in Sidama zone SNNPR The Dale woreda is one among ten woredas in Sidama Zone of SNNPR. Dale woreda, as other woredas in the Zone, is known for its diverse, intensive and well-established traditional agro forestry systems in which a diversity of perennial and annual crops are grown together. In the woreda mixed agriculture is practised with major crops including enset, coffee, maize, wheat, teff, barley, haricot bean, and chat. Enset is the main staple food while coffee and chat are cash crops. There are two cropping seasons in the area, Belg (short rainy season) from July to August & Meher (main rainy season) from February to May. Belg rains are mainly used for land preparation and planting long cycle crops such as maize and sorghum and bed preparation for meher crops. The meher rains are used for planting of cereal crops like barley, teff, wheat, and vegetable crops. Meher rains are also responsible for the growth and development of perennial crops such as enset, coffee and chat. In spite of population pressure, land shortage and soil erosion farmers used to be self-sufficient and food secure.

According to the March 2002 Regional assessment team report, the food security situation in the area has deteriorated fast since the 1999 drought that struck most parts of the country. Following the poor harvest of the same year, decreases in coffee and animal prices and incidences of hailstorms in some pocket areas in 2000 and 2001 further deteriorated the situation. As per to the August 2002 DPPC EWS reports, the onset of belg rains was reported to be late by 4-5 weeks. Its amount and distribution was much below normal in the months of March and April as in Alata wondo. Starting from end of April up to June a dry spell was reported in the lowlands of the woreda.

In general the performance of the 2002 Belg rain was very poor and much below the average of the previous two years, particularly in the lowlands. Due to late on set of rains, planting time was delayed by about a month, and area planted decreased compared to the previous year. Crop production particularly in the lowlands was severely affected by weather adversities such as long dry spells and hailstorms. In addition to weather adversities pest infestation was another cause for the loses. In the mid high lands, the production prospect would have been better had there not been a shortage of agricultural inputs, particularly fertilisers and improved seeds. Farmers could not get inputs on credit due to previous years unsettled debts. Shortage of water and pasture particularly in the lowlands was also reported. Since

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 18 AFET-22 Appeal

April, the price of grain has increased due to failure of belg crop production.

The cumulative effects of the chronic problems in the woreda plus the current Belg adversities have exposed 30,000 (11,400 men, 11,700 women and 6,900 children) people to relief food assistance. These people require relief food (grain, edible oil & supplementary food) at least up to December 2002. As the next harvest is expected in June/July, it is very important to consider the continuity of relief assistance up to July 2003. As EECMY/SCES has development activities like: spring protection/development, hand-dug wells construction, education & health works, the beneficiaries will be engaged in spring protection, construction of hand dug wells, etc. on EGS basis.

CHRISTIAN AID & LOCAL PARTNERS (EECMY/SCES, SOS/SAHEL, AFD, GTF) AREAS OF OPERATION

Christian Aid in not an implementing partner of JRP/ACT forum, however programme implementation will be undertaken with local partners who have presence at grass roots level and who have worked with CA for many years.

Meda Wolabu woreda in Bale zone, Oromia region Meda Welabu is one of the 18 woredas in Bale Zone and has an area of 8,726.72 km2, making it one of the largest woredas in the zone. It has a total population of 77,638 (DPPB, 2001). Most of the inhabitants are Arsi Oromos, although there are significant numbers of Somalis in the area adjacent to Somali Region. The majorities are agro-pastoral, earning their living mainly from livestock production and some crop husbandry.

Mada Wollabu is mainly lowland with some parts of medium altitude. The main rainy seasons are March to May (Haggeya) and the smaller rainy season is between September and November (Genna). As a result of low and erratic rainfall, crop performance was poor and loss of crops and pasture was substantial.

Problems of remoteness and lack of infrastructure hamper the rural economy. Depletion of assets has reduced the purchasing power of the community and the death of livestock has caused shortage of oxen for land preparation as well as reduced milk supplies.

Meda Welabo woreda has been repeatedly hit by drought and large-scale deaths of livestock which have depleted household assets and eroded traditional coping mechanisms, that are based mainly on livestock sale. Diminishing water sources due to drying out of ponds, decreasing agricultural productivity coupled with decreasing pasture due to bush encroachment have threatened food security. Shortage of livestock feed and poor veterinary services have crippled the performance of the livestock sub-sector, which is the main source of livelihood in Meda Welabu woreda. The livestock market in the area remains very depressed due to poor road communications and the distance of the woreda from large livestock markets such as those in Nazareth, Shashemene or northern Kenya. Asset depletion and lack of purchasing power mean that there are few local buyers.

Although the medium altitude areas of Meda Welabu have received relatively better rain in the past genna and hagaya rainy seasons (2001), in lowland areas the distribution of rain was low and erratic. Crop performance in the lowlands was therefore poor and loss of crops and pasture was substantial. In addition to the shortage of rainfall other agronomic problems also affect crop production. According to Agricultural Development Office, up to 40% of expected yield is lost through insect pests (grasshoppers) and weeds - pest attacks increases particularly with the shortage of rain. This again threatens the food security situation in the woreda.

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The first (baseline) Household Food Economy Survey (HFES) notes that, "Meda Welabu is an area in transition. Two decades ago, the people of Meda Welabu were primarily pastoralist. Today, most combine livestock and crop production. The spread of agriculture into grazing areas is a sign of poverty. Most households can no longer survive with their livestock alone and have been forced into cropping to protect their core herds. Not only are average herd sizes reportedly lower but there are also more poor households, that is, households with herds below a survival minimum (households with fewer than 10 cattle). Thus, impoverishment has created new economic patterns. For detailed information refer to Bush and Konde 2001. As an adaptation to gradually more impoverished circumstances, agro-pastoralism provides an interim solution to a society in transition.

Erratic rainfall, resulting in drought and food shortage, has a long history in the project woreda. The magnitude of the problem has become more serious over the past five years. As a result, the size of cultivated lands has decreased owing to poor distribution of rainfall and shortage of draught oxen for timely preparation of the land. Studies carried out by Woreda Agricultural Development Office (WOA) in 2000 and 2001 revealed that only 89% of the cultivated lands in Meda Welabu were planted.

The baseline HFES assessment notes, "There are two fundamental weaknesses in the local economy: (i) rain-fed agriculture does not now, and probably never will, provide a dependable supply of food because the norm for this lowland area is highly erratic rainfall over space and time; (ii) livestock acts as a dependable and sufficient buffer only in multi-year droughts when herd sizes are large, stock types are varied, grazing areas are broad and access assured, and there is sufficient labour to practise transhumance."

There are also indications that the situation in 2002 will not be greatly improved as the large-scale deaths of livestock in 1999-2000 cannot be rehabilitated in a short period of time and food shortage still prevails in the woreda. From nutrition surveys conducted over a one year gap, it was indicated that deaths due to malnutrition had been reduced and the rate of Severe Acute Malnutrition had been brought under control, though the rate of Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) remained high (24.9 percent). Meda Welabu woreda, remained food insecure in 2002 due to failure of the belg rain. According to the DPPC appeal document for September 2002, 17,500 need food assistance until the end of 2002.

Kindo Koisha and Ofa woredas in Wolayta Zone, SNNPR With similar topographic, climatic and socio-economic features Kindo Koysha and Ofa are two bordering woredas located in Wolayta zone of the SNNPR, Ethiopia. Both Kindo Koysha and Ofa have been categorised among chronically food insecure areas in the country and have experienced a progressive increase in the number and proportions of food insecure households, and a decrease in the per capita production of food crops.

Kindo Koysha in particular, with an area of 68,400 ha and a population of 173,657, has repeatedly appeared in the national and international media and is known as a green famine area. It has received massive relief aid from outside for many years.

SOS Sahel’s Food Security Research in 1992/93 showed that, even in a good year, more than 40% of the total population in Kindo Koysha suffers from food shortage for up to four months. And up to 90% of the population faces food shortage in a bad year.

The underlying causes of food insecurity in these woredas are population pressure, natural resources degradation, crop pests and diseases, erratic rainfall and drought, human and livestock disease, and poor asset bases 4.

4 Ofa woreda has total population of 143203 and total land area of 54372ha. There are three agro-ecological zones: highland (15%), midland (55%) and lowland (30%). Average household size and landholdings are 5 and 0.48ha respectively.

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The increase in population density has reduced many smallholdings to a size that can barely support a family. Farmers have developed a complex and diversified agricultural system, which, until recently, produced an acceptable standard of living. Mixed cropping developed in response to the shortage of land, lack of draught oxen and steepness of slopes. Perennial crops (enset and coffee) are inter-cropped with annuals around the house. Further from the house, maize, sorghum, haricot beans and kale are inter- cropped. The typical agricultural system can be described as gardening rather than arable farming; small quantities of a wide range of crops are produced close to the home, with inter-cropping of annuals, bi- annuals and perennials, in an intensive system of frequent cultivation mainly using hand tools.

Animal disease (trypanosomes), lack of cash for and access to veterinary drugs, a reduction in grazing and forage resources, and lack of cash for livestock purchase have become major constraints on livestock rearing with profound implications for household food security. In Kindo Koysha about 85% of farmers have no access to draught oxen and land is mostly cultivated by hand using the ayile, a small- hinged hoe made of rope and wood with metal points.

Under normal situation, the rains fall over two seasons. The short rains (Belg season) occur between February and May, and the heavy rains (Kremt or Meher season) fall between June and October. However, for the last two decades, the rains have become increasingly unreliable, and have reduced in duration. Farmers are often unsure of the correct time to sow crops, which are at risk of moisture stress throughout their growth. Dry spells during the rains or an early end to rains causes crop failure. Such drought induced crop failures caused famines that required a massive mobilisation of food and humanitarian aid in the past. Drought has, in most cases, been only the trigger of a situation that is compounded by other biological and socio-economic factors.

Land degradation is particularly a problem in the intermediate and highland zones due to soil erosion that has occurred over many years. Fertility of the red acidic soil (which is naturally low), has been reduced by intensive farming practices. The decrease in livestock holdings and the lack of manure threatens the fertility of the soil for the production of other root crops. Livestock disease also inhibits greater exploitation of the lowlands for cereal production. Farmers' cash incomes are extremely low and cash expenditure normally exceeds cash income so that most households are in debt. Options for generating cash resources are limited. Major sources of income include sale of teff, maize, sweet potato and honey, livestock, milk products, poultry and eggs. Productivity is very low, and few farmers generate enough from their farms to feed themselves and farmers have limited opportunities for off-farm employment. Recent research result on EGS/EBSN impact in Kindo Koysha show that the livelihood assets base of the communities has deteriorated or gradually declined from year to year, even in the presence of external assistance during food deficit periods.

Problem of food insecurity in the area was aggravated by the failure of this year belg rain. The short season rain started at the normal time (February), but stopped in April and May resulting in a prolonged dry period and a significant failure in belg crops grown. Early Warning and crop and livestock situation assessment reports show that in Kindo Koysha more than 83,744 people or 19,429 HHs in the lowland PAs and further 63,907 people/ 10320 HHs in the highland and midland PAs have been affected due to the failure of the belg rain.

The sharp drop in price of crops in the first quarter of 2002 (Annex 3-a) has forced farmers to sell more of their crop produce to make government tax and agricultural input debt repayments. This has eventually reduced not only the amount of food available for home consumption but also farmer's capacity to invest on emergency seeds for meher production. Also, meagre income due to lower crop prices means that farmers were not able to make long term investments that can reduce household vulnerability or improve resilience and coping ability of households. Although the price of major crops (such as Maize) was low during harvest, crop prices have shown a sharp increase following the belg rain

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 21 AFET-22 Appeal failure. The over all impact of loss of income either due to crop failure or low prices of livestock, and sharp increase in food price means that there will be food shortages and many more households will continue to starve at least until mid of 2003. It was reported that the clinical record of outpatients in the health centre indicates an increase in the number of cases of malnutrition in the woredas. According to the head of the Inter Aide Health Centre in Kindo Koysha, malnutrition in the woreda will be expected to increase significantly given the future problems of food supply in the area.

The purpose of the programme in both woredas will be provision of emergency sweet potato planting materials for farmers who lost their seed / planting stock due to the drought. A total of 11,000 households in Kindo Koysha and Ofa woredas who are unable to carry out replacement planting due to lack of seed and planting material stock are expected to benefit from this project.

The emergency food assistance is excepted to be covered by another NGO or the Government. SOS/ Sahel (UK) will be the implementing partner of the programmes in Kind Koysha and Ofa woredas.

Boloso Sore in Welayta and Boreda woredas in Gamo Gofa zone, SNNPR. Boloso Sore woreda in Wolayta zone, and Boreda woreda in Gamo Gofa zone, both in the SNNPR, are about 450 km to the south west of Addis Ababa. The two woredas have a population of 508,045, constituted mainly of ethnic Wolayta in Boloso Sore and Gamo in Boreda. Population pressure is a major problem in the project area, particularly in Boloso Sore.

Boreda has a land area of 34,229 ha. while Boloso Sore has 57,000 ha. Average land holding is less, than 0.5 ha in Boreda while it is estimated to be less than 0.3 ha in Boloso. The major means of livelihood is mixed farming where crops such as teff, maize, sweet potato, haricot bean, wheat, coffee, etc. are grown along with the rearing of livestock. Agriculture is mainly rain-fed benefiting from the ‘belg’ rains between February and May, and the main rains that occur in July-September. According to the local authorities Belg rains contribute to 45% of annual production in Boloso Sore and about 75% in Boreda.

A characteristic feature of the project area is the recurrence of drought, which accentuates the food insecurity of the people. Social and economic services are inadequate, levels of productivity are limited, institutional capabilities are ineffective, and the people subsist on a narrow livelihood base in a fragile environment.

The two project woredas are usually food insecure and rely on relief assistance from the government and NGOs. The situation is likely to be made worse this year due to the erratic nature of rainfall. The ‘Belg’ rains started this year on time having reasonably good intensity and distribution but ceased much earlier than normal, severely affecting the planted crops. The main rains were also delayed by over a month obstructing the main season agricultural activities.

The worst affected PAs in the woredas are located in both lowland and highland climatic zones. The four service co-operatives, Gaga Gocho and Zefano Service Co-operative areas in Boreda woreda, and the Anchucho and Woybo Service Co-operative areas in Boloso Sore woreda are among the worst affected.

In Boloso Sore lack of improved farm inputs such as seeds and fertilisers is observed to be an additional dimension to the crisis. Farmers who had been covered by the extension package programme in earlier years were not able to obtain inputs this year due to their indebtedness partly caused by low market prices for their agricultural produce from the previous seasons. In Boloso Sore, only 25% of the farmers that use improved inputs had access to them this year. This has led the rest to sow 2nd or 3rd generation hybrid seeds, which are expected to yield little with or without fertiliser.

Crop pests such as sweet potato butterfly and stock borer have also affected the remaining crops. The combined effect of the above factors is the reduction of agricultural yield by about 40% in Boreda, and

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 22 AFET-22 Appeal

62% (maize), 44% (haricot bean), and 33% (sweet potato) in Boloso Sore. The erratic nature of rainfall has also entailed the need to replant about 9,550 ha in Boreda, and 4,348 ha worst affected areas in Boloso Sore, with early maturing varieties.

According to the local authorities, AFD and CA staff reports about 8,272 households with 41,360 family members, and 12,488 households with 69,356 family members as most affected by the problem in the Boreda and Boloso Sore woredas respectively.

It is essential to assist all or part of the most affected households in both woredas so that they may make up their ‘Belg’ losses in the ‘Meher’ season. Enabling them to produce crops will limit the number of people that would need relief assistance towards the end of the year. This can be done by providing them with planting materials such as sweet potato cuttings.

Therefore the rehabilitation project will focus on supply of sweet potato cuttings and measures to control sweet potato butterfly, such as spraying chemicals (Malathine 50% E.C). 10,000 drought-affected households in both woredas will be able to replant 250 ha land in the ‘Meher’ season through the provision of 12,500,000 sweet potato cuttings. The government or other NGOs are expected to cover the emergency food need in the area.

Action for Development has been operating integrated rural development programmes in the areas for the last 14 years in both woredas. Given its knowledge, experience and its existing infrastructure in place AFD will be the implementing partner in collaboration with CA field office in Ethiopia.

Fantale woreda in East Shewa Zone, Oromia region Fantalle is one of the 14 woredas of eastern Shoa Zone, comprising 18 kebeles. The total population in the woreeda is estimated at 60,084 people (with just 12,000 living in urban centres)5. The area usually gets an annual average rainfall of 600-700 mm. The livelihood of the rural community is based on livestock. The heard comprise of cattle, camels, goats, sheep and donkeys. Livestock is not only the source of income but also the major source of food. The mean annual precipitation for nine years (1986 - 1995) at Metahra meteorological recording stations is 520 mm. The main rainy season starts in May and extends to the month of September and the small rainy season extends from February - April with mean precipitation of not more than 45mm per month.

The last three years have seen unprecedented drought in the Fantalle area leading to increasing shortage of forage and water supply for the livestock population estimated at 150,000.

In first half of 2002, some forage was brought in from other areas, but it was highly inadequate. Sugar cane leaves from the Matahara Sugar Plantation were also made available, but that too ran out. UN reports (2002) quoting local officials state that some 39 percent of the 150,000 heads of cattle owned by the Karayu people (the local tribe name) had died6.

Rapid assessment was carried out by Gudina Tumsa Foundation (GTF), the implementing partner of CA. The assessment in a sample of villages in September 2002 showed that an estimated 80-90 percent of the cattle and 30-40 percent of the goats/sheep had died as a result of the drought during the last two years. Discussion with community groups revealed that most of cattle death occurred between April and June 2002.

The UN reports note that signs of malnutrition are already appearing among children, with some 80

5 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia 1994: Results at country level, June 1998, Volume I: Statistical Report. Addis Ababa. 6 IRIN 2001. ETHIOPIA: Focus on looming drought in East Shewa. UN Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs.

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 23 AFET-22 Appeal percent estimated to be stunted. GTF's assessment has shown that the health status of the population is deteriorating with pregnant women reported to be suffering from anaemia, body swelling and increased incidence of mortality in mothers and new-born babies. Children were reported to suffer from diarrhoea and lice infestation. The rest of the population is suffering from weight loss, fatigue, respiratory ailments, night blindness and inability to withstand the symptoms of malaria.

The prolonged drought has put severe strain on the local environment. Firstly, the regulated pattern of migration has been abandoned as people were left with no option but to search for the little forage that existed by herding their livestock all over the rangelands of Fantalle and beyond extending to Shashemene. The effect of this has been that the rangelands were not allowed to recover sufficiently before livestock were brought in. Secondly, a number of households resorted to selling firewood and charcoal to sustain their food security. The few remnant patches of acacia woodland and bush are gradually getting cleared as people turn to such activities as a last resort for survival. If this trend is not reversed as soon as possible, the environment will be at risk of being irreversibly damaged. The proposed intervention in the area includes emergency food assistance for six months between November 2002 and April 2003. The intervention is aimed at assisting the highly affected population, mainly pastoralists of the eight Kebeles. The rehabilitation component of the project comprises minimum amounts of forage provision to breeding cattle and goats and restocking of cows and she goats to male and female headed households who have lost all their livestock. In addition to these rehabilitation interventions the employment generation scheme (EGS) component will undertake long term preparedness measures through pond construction (10 ponds) and forage development activities. This intervention is expected to directly benefit about 2,850 households (60 percent of the relief beneficiaries) in Fanttale woreda.

Mana Hangetu woreda in Bale zone, Oromia region Mana Hangetu woreda, formerly Dolo Mena Awraja, is situated in Bale zone, Oromia Region. The population of Mana Hangetu is estimated to be 92,967 inhabitants in 25 peasant associations (PAs). The target beneficiaries are 15,000 displaced people from various weredas of east and west Hararghe zone and Gololch woreda of Arsi zone.

These internally displaced people are living in camps in a place called Chiri, Shawe and Hangetu, in Mena Hangetu woreda, which is located in the outskirts of the natural forest in the Bale Zone. Their settlements are 14 and 38 km away from Dello, the woreda town. The people are settled in an area where the local communities themselves depend on relief food, therefore support from local community is limited.

According to zonal DPPB, the people have started coming to Bale zone since September 2001. However, this has increased in the last 2-4 months. The displaced people `belong to Oromo nationality (Barentu tribe) and the majority Muslims.

The Christian Aid/EECMY team which was on an assessment mission to Meda Wolabu woreda on its way back to Addis via Robe met in mid September a large colony of the displaced people at Shawe – a former military training camp. The IDPs informed the team about their problem. Insufficient food, inadequate or no shelter, no water and sanitation facilities, no medical assistance, insufficient clothing, especially blankets, etc. It was reported that signs of malnutrition among children under 5 years of age were observed. The team was informed that nearly one third of the displaced were children, the majority of whom are children under the age of 5 years. It was reported that while the team from CA, was talking to these people a one- year old child weakened by starvation died. The team was told that another 9 children had died from the same cause.

According to the findings of the assessment team, the IDPs have lost all livelihood assets and are forced to leave their living areas. The reasons (the major pushing factors) for their displacements are:

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 24 AFET-22 Appeal

Shortage of land, less than 0.5 ha of land per family size of people. Recurrent drought for the last 3-5 years, which severely affected crops production and livestock. Land degradation and depletion of natural resources (deforestation) Limited livelihood basis in Harrarge and Arsi area (e.g. lack of off-farm employment, less opportunity for share cropping due to land shortage) Weed infestation: manifestation of parasitic plant weed, which totally affected planted maize and sorghum.

The success of the community who came from the same area in 1988/89 EC might have also contributed as a pulling factor to some of this community. Some of the IDPs came by public transport and mini- trucks while most others came on foot walking for about a month. Among the displaced that came on foot, some died on the road and others are suffering from swelling of the feet.

The displaced, particularly the children are at high risk, due to malnutrition. Therefore immediate assistance is needed such as food aid (dry rations and supplementary food), shelter, clothing, health services, utensils, and others sanitation materials such as soap.

The assessment team as well as the wereda administration suggested that at least 1,680 IDP households should receive a plastic cover that completely protects their huts from rainwater. The average size of the plastic sheet for one household is estimated to be 15m2. Plastic sheeting of 25,200m2 is needed for 80% or 1,680 households taking into account 20% of the households have already made proper peasant shelters

The team also observed a number of huts where there is not a single night cloth. Some of the displaced people sold many useful materials and clothes such as blankets and other day clothes to buy food on their way to Manna Hangetu or after they arrived. Purchase of 2,100 blankets is proposed for distribution to the households (one blanket for a family with 1-4 members and for households with more than four people' two blankets). The distribution of blankets is expected to cover only 80% of the households.

The IDPs live in a very congested camp where there are no toilets and garbage pits. They are settled in an area of high incidence of disease such as diarrhoea, malaria and pneumonia. Personal hygiene and environmental sanitation is also too poor. People do the washing near their huts and personal hygiene conditions are deplorable. The project will distribute 2 bars of soap per household per month. Therefore 21,000 bars of soap are to be purchased and distributed to the needy community in 5 months.

Some displaced people have brought cooking utensils with them however the majority lack such utensils as dishes, pots, pans, plates, kettles and cups. Either they have been sold or broken on the way. The assessment team has proposed one casserole, one kettle and 4 plastic cups and three plastic plates for each household.

The Internally displaced people are not officially declared as needing food or any other assistance by the federal DPPC. However given the situation in the area the JRP/ACT partners are in the process of getting official approval from the federal and regional government officials, so that assistance can be provided to avoid further deterioration in nutritional status among the IDPs. Moreover, unless these people are assisted there will be risk of deforestation in efforts to construct shelters and sale of firewood to increase household income. JRP/ACT forum members raised their concern about the IDPs to the federal and regional government officials for which an agreement was reached to provide the necessary assistance if donations are obtained.

The proposed activities constitute emergency assistance to 15,000 individuals (2,100 IDP HH) for 5 months, from November 2002 to March 2003. It also includes distribution of basic necessities such as

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 25 AFET-22 Appeal clothing and utensils. CA and the implementing partner EECMY had several meetings with federal and regional government officials to move these people to a permanent resettlement area. It is hoped that a resettlement programme will be within the project period.

The local counterpart EECMY/SEAW has been involved in agricultural development, natural resource conservation, water development, livestock and forage development, provision of veterinary services, access road construction and provision of credit services. EECMY/SEAW will implement the proposed project.

Impact on Human Lives The total number of drought-affected people in Ethiopia at the beginning of the year was above 5,181,700 people. By the end of September the number of beneficiaries identified increased to 6,282,9527 and another 1,550,899 are vulnerable to food insecurity. In 20 woredas where JRP/ACT forum members intend to operate the number of drought affected people who need assistance from November to December 2002 are 543,186 and 372,486 beneficiaries respectively. Given the situation in most programme areas the same level of beneficiaries are projected to need assistance every month until the end of the next rainy season (harvest) which will be in July 2003. The poor level of nutritional status and deaths due to malnutrition (in Mena Hangetu about 9 children) was also reported. Therefore both relief and rehabilitation activities are important to get those communities back to their situation before the drought in 2002 and build their capacity, consequently reducing their vulnerability to future disasters. In four woredas (Boloso Sore, Boreda, Kindo Koisha and Ofa) 21,000 chronically food insecure people will also be assisted through rehabilitation programmes.

Description of Damages All woredas JRP/ACT forum members intended to operate are the most food insecure woredas in the country. These areas are vulnerable to shocks especially to recurrent drought. Rainfall in many areas has been insufficient, minimal and at best erratic. Due to this change in the weather, it has been impossible for the farmers living in these vulnerable areas to prepare their farmland and produce enough food. As a result crop production has been declining and in some place it was a total failure. In some parts of the country environmental degradation and soil erosion was reported as the major problem.

The total or partial failure of the year 2002 belg rain and delayed onset of the meher rain have significant damage on food production in many parts of the country. In Kindo Koisha and Ofa woredas in SNNPR it was reported that the level of damage by crop type, with estimates of 90% failure for maize crop particularly in lowland and midland, 90% for haricot bean, 54% for Sorghum and 75% for sweet potato. In Ofa 57,000 people will suffer due to failure of the belg rainfall (detail information provided on annex 3-b).

Livestock size in many pastoral and agro-pastoral communities significantly reduced due to recurrent drought and sale to cover daily food need. Moreover the situation in many agro-pastoral areas will not be improved since most did not recover from the large-scale livestock deaths that occurred in 1999-2000. Failure of the rain also affected water availability for both human and animal consumption in the woredas where the JRP/ACT forum members are operational and intend to operate. The most affected areas due to water shortage are the pastoral areas in Afar, low lands of Bale zone in Oromia region and in Somali region. In Afar region it was estimated that about 44% of cattle died due to insufficient rainfall during year 2002 belg season.

Location of Proposed Response JRP/ACT forum members intend to operate in 24 woredas (districts) in Ethiopia during the last three months of year 2002 and it is projected that the need for assistance will extend until July 2003. Both woredas are

7 The number of people affected vary between months, for the month of October 6,261,842, November 5,605,973, and December 4,473,064.

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 26 AFET-22 Appeal among the most food insecure woredas in Ethiopia.

JRP/ACT forum members have been operational in these woredas for many years, working on relief, rehabilitation and development programmes. It is intended that the emergency intervention in these woredas will be integrated with the ongoing development programmes to increase community capacities and reduce their vulnerability to future disaster.

In all woredas, JRP/ACT members have contacted local government officials and other NGOs working in the area. There is an understanding that the implementation of the program will be co-ordinated when the food and other rehabilitation resources (kind and financial) are made available. Therefore duplication could be avoided.

Details on intended areas of operation, number of people needing assistance, food requirement from November - December 2002 and the need from January 2003 to July 2003 are on Annex 4a, 4b, and 4c.

Disaster and Emergency Statistics The DPPC in its 2002 appeal has attempted to make a distinction between the transitory and chronic food insecure communities in Ethiopia. This is also the first time that the appeal has been recognised and fully supported by the UN organisations and the major donors. In previous years, the UN organisations and especially FAO and WFP have conducted their own assessment of the situation and provided an estimation of the number of beneficiaries. The nine assessment teams which constitute UN agencies, NGOs, donor community and the government had made an assessment before the revised figure issued at the end of September. In this report (September 2002) the DPPC indicated that 6.8 million people will need assistance and additional 1.5 million are vulnerable. The food requirement until end of December was estimated at 173,970 Mt. Resources available end of August are 28,387 Mt on hand and 42, 000Mt donations from US/WFP (total 70,387 Mt). The remaining 103,583 Mt are for unmet needs. Shortfall in food availability for needs until end of December 2002, lack of carry over food stock (government or NGOs) from year 2002 to year 2003, and greater shortfall in meher production will extend the needs for relief assistance from early months of 2003 up to June 2003. According to the DDPC appeal about 10.2 million people will need assistance and if the situation worsens the number of people needing assistance will increase up to 14.3 million people.

However, JRP/ACT local partners and local government officials indicted that the number of people needing assistance in their respective woredas is higher compared to official figures declared by the federal DPPC.

In the JRP/ACT forum members, areas of operation the need from November to end of December is estimated at 13,278Mt of assorted food (11,446 grain, 1374 Mt. supp.food and 458 Mt oil). Based on the mid-case scenarios the number of beneficiaries needing assistance in the first half of 2003 will be average 496,600 beneficiaries every month. For detailed information please refer on annex 4a, 4b, and 4c. Given the level of nutritional status in many areas the JRP/ACT forum members have planned to distribute supplementary food to the most vulnerable groups if donations are obtained. JRP/ACT forum members have submitted their request to USAID for 100,126 Mt food, which is expected to cover the need up to July 2003. However it is not a confirmed pledge.

Current Security Situation Conflict between Afar and Karayu, and Isa and Afar community over grazing land and water sources for livestock consumption was reported early this year. The community leaders from the three ethnic groups and the government settled these conflicts. At the moment there is no security problem that hinders access to the area or programme implementation. The security situation in the programme areas is not a major concern and it is not expected to deteriorate during the project period.

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 27 AFET-22 Appeal

IV. GOAL & OBJECTIVES

Goal: The overall goal is to ensure household access to food; increase household capacity and consequently minimise vulnerability to food insecurity.

Objectives: To prevent deterioration in the nutritional status and prevent famine in the target groups. One of the objectives of the food distribution in the target areas is to avoid deterioration in nutritional status, especially among the most vulnerable groups, such as children of under 5 years, women, and the elderly. The availability of food will also overcome the deterioration of balance of trade between agriculturists and pastoralists which happens frequently during periods of food shortages/droughts. In some areas the government has distributed food - only cereal, for the month of September. However it was indicated that unless the government or NGOs, secure resources it is unlikely to continue.

To prevent/ stop abnormal migration of farmers in search of food. Timely distribution of relief food is expected to prevent abnormal migration. It is also hoped that by meeting the food need farmers will stay in their village and continue their normal productive activities.

To minimise/ reduce sale of assets by avoiding distress sale. Sale of productive assets is one of the coping strategies that farmers or agro-pastoral adopt in times of disaster. Therefore the food distribution programme is expected to minimise further depletion of livestock and other productive assets.

To build community capacity through activities such as Employment Generating Schemes. Linking relief with development is one of the implementation modalities of the projects. The food distribution will be on an EGS bases. This means all able-bodied member of the beneficiaries household (in some areas all community members) will work in selected public works in a given woreda. The activities will include, water development, feeder road construction and maintenance etc. For detail information refer annex 2 and 5. It is hoped that the EGS activities will contribute to natural resource conservation and development of the area. To rehabilitation chronically food insecure families through provision of rehabilitation inputs.

The rehabilitation-input provision will enable households to increase their food production in the following season. Distribution of crop seeds, farm tools, sweet potato cuttings, provision of anti-sweet potato butterfly chemicals, restocking (she-goats), provision basic veterinary services, fodder and water supply for surviving livestock is expected to contribute to the reduction of the families vulnerability. Some of these rehabilitation activities are integrated with food distribution while the rehabilitation programmes in Kindo Koyisha, Ofa, Boloso Sore and Boreda woredas implemented by Christian Aid partners have only a rehabilitation component.

In general the objectives of the proposed projects fully comply with Federal and Regional food security policy, in particular the three pillars of the national strategy (increase the availability of food through increased domestic production, ensure access to food for food deficit households, strengthen emergency response capabilities).

V. TARGETED BENEFICIARIES

The Peasant Association (PA) disaster prevention and preparedness committees are composed of women, local elders and members of the PA administration. These committees are responsible for identifying targeted beneficiaries at peasant association level. Targeted beneficiaries include the most food insecure members of a given peasant association. Priority will be given to the most vulnerable

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 28 AFET-22 Appeal groups such as female headed households according to the criteria set by the community/ committee. The JRP/ACT forum proposed/ intended relief and rehabilitation programme will have two types of beneficiaries:

Direct Beneficiaries - An estimated 100,000 beneficiaries (20 percent of the target groups) will benefit through gratuitous food. The remaining 400,000 beneficiaries (up to 80 percent) depending on their physical strength and nutritional status, will participate in EGS and receive relief food. In addition, in some of the areas about 100,000 beneficiaries will receive rehabilitation inputs such as seed, tools distribution and livestock restocking. It is expected that about 90 percent of the rehabilitation assistance, specifically goat distribution, will be directed to female-headed households.

In many areas the number of beneficiaries identified as needing assistance is much higher than the official figure which is used in this proposal. The un-meet need is usually covered by the community social networking system that ensures sharing of the available food resources. Therefore it is expected that there are other indirect beneficiaries who will benefit from these programmes.

The EGS activities planned are expected to benefit non-participant beneficiaries through improvement of infrastructures. EGS activities are also meant to improve and develop community assets. Therefore the community in general will benefit from these projects indirectly.

Part of the rehabilitation programme especially in Kindo Koyisha and Ofa woredas, spraying anti- sweet potato butterfly are expected to benefit the community in general by reducing or avoiding the spread of the pest.

Criteria utilised in beneficiary selection Targeting in the proposed areas of intervention is a mix of administrative and community targeting. For the food aid the DPPC has, during the two crop assessments in November/December 2001 and in August 2002, identified a certain number of needy people in each district. This number can be found in the DPPC appeal document, which was launched in January 2002 and August 2002. The local woreda (district) council receives the information from the zonal administration or disaster prevention and preparedness committee. Then each woreda estimates the need in each peasant association and allocates a quota based on their field assessment and information on the need. This number is later communicated to the local official- PA committees who then use different local criteria to select each person qualified for food aid. This is done through a careful and open process, in which the communities participate and approve the final list, which is then send back to the district council8. JRP/ACT forum members at different woredas are member of the local /woreda disaster prevention and preparedness committee, where they can contribute with valuable information for the selection. In some areas JRP/ACT forum members provide information and orientation to local officials on the importance of targeting and suggest criteria based on their experience working with the community.

Targeting for the technical input like seeds and tools and for restocking will be done following the same procedure. But the local authorities especially the PA and woreda committees have a greater role in determining the criteria and the type of the beneficiaries that will benefit from the rehabilitation inputs. The participants to the different capacity building activities e.g. workshops and seminars will also be selected in close co-operation with the community leaders, government officials from line departments and JRP/ACT forum members and partners at local level.

8 It should be mentioned that there is a wide spread problem regarding number of beneficiaries. In many distribution centres the community redistribute food after the official distribution which means the actual beneficiaries is higher that the DPPC figure (Getachew 2002).

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 29 AFET-22 Appeal

Number of targeted beneficiaries according to proposed assistance . The proposed programmes have three components. The first, constitutes food distribution on gratuitous and EGS basis. The second, rehabilitation input supplies which are expected to be the component of the relief /EGS activities and the 3rd rehabilitation programmes in the four woredas which will benefit 21,000 households. The proposed relief programmes have three parts. The first one will indicate the relief need from November 2002 to December 2002. The second part will indicate the need for the first quarter of year 2003. The third part is the need in the second quarter of 2003 (April - June) which will be revised depending on the outcome of the 2002 meher harvest assessment and forthcoming revised DPPC appeal for the period from the second quarter of year 2003. The rehabilitation components for many areas are envisioned to continue through 2003.

The number of beneficiaries targeted by each JRP/ACT forum members and the type of activities are summarised below:

EOC operations a Food Aid Beneficiaries -135,000 (Oct-Dec, 2002 from Wadla, E.Mehone, Wogera, Dabat, Dahena Mekdela). b Seed beneficiaries 4,800 households in five woredas c Farm tools Beneficiaries 4,000 households in five woreda d Livestock restocking 550 households in five woredas

ECC areas of operation a. Food Aid beneficiaries = .17,000 (from Dodota Sire, Z. Dugda, Omo Sheleko, Humbo and Kindo Koisha woredas) b. Tools beneficiaries =2,500 people (from Dodota Sire, Z. Dugda, Omo Sheleko, Humbo and Kindo Koisha woredas).

EECMY/LWF operations a. Food Aid beneficiaries = .132,000 (from Sawena, Beltu, Rayitu, Dahana, Mile and Chifra) b. Seeds beneficiaries = 10,200 households ( 25 kg/HH in all the five areas) c. Tools beneficiaries = 30,000 people d. Goat restocking = 900 women beneficiaries (Sawena, beltu and Rayitu)

EECMY/NCA operations a Food Aid beneficiaries = 195,400 beneficaries. (from Filtu, Liben, Dale, Alata Wondo, Konso and Amaro woredas) b Seeds beneficiaries = 12,120 households (25 kg/HH in all the six areas) c Tools beneficiaries =12,120 households (in the six woredas about 30 % of the HH from each woreda)

EECMY/CA operation a. Food Aid beneficiaries = 61,516 each month (from Meda Welabo and Mena Hangetu and Fentale woredas). b. Shelter beneficiaries = 1,755 HHs (from Mena Hangetu woreda IDPs). c. Kitchen utensils beneficiaries = 1,755 HHs (from Mena Hangetu woreda IDPs) d. Blanket beneficiaries = 1,755 HHs (from Mena Hangetu woreda IDPs). e. Construction of Toilets and other sanitation facilities = 1,755 HHs (from Mena Hangetu woreda IDPs). f. Essential drugs beneficiaries (1,755 HHs (from Mena Hangetu woreda IDPs)

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 30 AFET-22 Appeal

CA/ SOS Sahel operation a Sweet potato cuttings beneficiaries = 11,000 HHs (from Kindo Koyisha and Ofa woredas, 2355 cuttings/ HH in 4 months period). b Anti sweet potato butterfly chemical beneficiaries = 11,000 HHs Sweet Potato planting materials (in the two woredas).

CA/ Action for Development a Sweet potato cuttings beneficiaries = 10,000 HHs (7,000 HH from Boloso Sore and 3,000 HH from Boreda woredas, 1,250 cuttings for each HH). b Anti sweet potato butterfly chemical beneficiaries = 10,000 HHs (in the two woredas).

CA/ Gudina Tumsa Foundation a Food Aid beneficiaries = 100,0009 people each month (from Fentale Woreda) b Goat beneficiaries = 3100 families (5 goats for each family in the same woreda). c Tools beneficiaries = 2,850 households (the same woreda). d Forage supply beneficiaries =2,850 households (the same woreda)

VI. PROPOSED EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE & IMPLEMENTATION

Description of Assistance As indicated in earlier sections, this appeal will have three main components. It includes a) supply of relief food (grain, supplementary food10, and Oil) and other basic necessities especially for the IDPs. 2) Supply of rehabilitation inputs as a component with the food distribution programme and 3) programmes that are focussed only on the rehabilitation of the communities in four highly vulnerable and chronic food insecure districts of Ethiopia. The proposed activities on EGS basis and the rehabilitation component of the programme are targeted at improving the capacity of the farmers and communities at large, to be able to cope with future vulnerability to food insecurity.

The quantities11 and the type of assistance required by each of JRP/ACT member will be shown on table .1

Table -3 - Summary of quantities and type of assistance requirement per Organisation. Type of EOC ECC EECMY/ EECMY/ EECMY/ EECMY/ CA/ CA/ CA Description of Unit LWF NCA CA CA SOS- AFD /GTF items (M.Welabo) M.Hangetu) Sahel Grain MT 10,414 3,204 20,504 16,631 2,076 1,504 - - 1,225 Supp.food MT 1,250 174 2,462 1,997 251 184 - - 147 Oil MT 416 131 819 664 84 64 - - 49 Assorted MT 300 255 303 120 - - - - varieties of seeds Different types Pcs 12,000 2,500 30,000 36,360 3,650 4,350 - - 2,353 of hand tools Restocking No. 800 - 900 - 650 - - - 15,500 (Oxen, goats etc. Forage bales ------279,000

9 The actual number of beneficiaries needing assistance in the woreda as indicated in the August 2002 DPPC appeal is 57,000 beneficiaries. Among these CA/GTF will assist 10,000 beneficiaries per month. The remaining beneficiaries are expected to be covered by the government and GOAL Ethiopia (Irish based agency). The later have supplementary feeding programme. 10 Supplementary food in this case is high protein food which could be Famix, pulses etc. 11 It has to be noted that the projected relief /EGS need for the period between January 2003 to June 2003 in all JRP/ACT members areas of operations are not indicated in this summary.

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 31 AFET-22 Appeal

Sweet potato Million ------25 12.5 - Cuttings PCs Chemicals Litres ------1000 500 _ (Malatine) Shelter (plastic Mt2 - - - - - 25,200 - - _ Sheets) materials Kitchen PCs - - - - - 23,100 - - - Utensils Blankets PCs - - - - - 2,100 - - - (clothing) Soap PCs - - - - 21,000 - - - Medical USD - - - - - 78,178 - - - 12supplies Training and persons 10 - - 620 - - - - - workshops

Note: 1. The assorted varieties of seed will be selected and purchased locally according to the need in specific woredas. In most lowland areas drought resistant seeds will be purchased and distributed. 2. Farm tools will be purchased and distributed to families who have no ploughing oxen which is expected to improve land preparation of farming households. The hand tools will also be purchased and distributed to improve the EGS accomplishments in the targeted woredas. 3. Workshops and training programmes will be conducted in selected woredas. The focus of the training will be on two levels. The first will be training of field staff on record keeping etc. The second will be training of local officials and beneficiaries. The topics of the training will determine according to the need and the type of the programmes in specific woreda. However it may include topics such as, emergency preparedness and response, EGS implementation modalities, animal husbandry especially in those woredas where restocking programmes are proposed, early warning, on Gender issues, sanitation etc. The JRP/ACT partners as a step to mainstream HIV/AIDS programming that contribute on the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS epidemic, will undertake awareness creation programme on HIV/AIDS in some of the woredas where there are trained staff. 4. The total food required for this programme is not pledged. The JRP/ACT members through CRS have submitted their application to USAID. However there is no confirmed pledge so far. Implementation description per activity The JRP/ACT forum members have many years of experience implementing relief programmes. Since 1994, after the adoption of the national policy on Disaster Prevention, Preparedness and Mitigation, most food distribution programmes have been implemented on EGS basis. The policy envisaged that up to 80 percent of beneficiaries will participate in EGS activities, however, the actual number of beneficiaries that can participate on EGS activities will depend on the capacity of the woreda and local partners to plan and implement the programmes. The decision of JRP/ACT members to concentrate in woredas where partners agencies have ongoing rehabilitation and development programmes will minimise this problem.

It is expected that technical inputs will be provided from the ongoing rehabilitation and development programme staff of the implementing partners. Therefore in all woredas the programme will be implemented on EGS bases and about 40-80 percent of the beneficiaries will participate on EGS. The panned EGS activities in some of the woredas are indicated on annex 2 and 5. However details of EGS activities in all woredas will depend on the level of funding and a detailed work plan will be made as soon as this information is given to local implementing partners and government offices. All able-bodied beneficiaries will participate in the selected activities. A family, represented by one person will work for about 20 days to get the full monthly ration. JRP/ACT implementing partners with the local DPPC will make EGS plans in such a way that will not interferes in normal agricultural activities.

12 For list of medical items please refers annex 7.

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 32 AFET-22 Appeal

The remaining about 20 -40 % of the beneficiaries who are the most vulnerable group will receive gratuitous relief. It is anticipated that increased availability of food will increase the participation of the community in on going rehabilitation and development activities. It will also enable expansion of the activities to more areas and larger numbers of community members, for example, more small-scale pond construction at PA level will be attained, feeder roads, and spring protection will be accomplished.

The implementation strategy for the agricultural input - farm tools and seed distribution for beneficiaries will be based on input for work (experience from EECMY/LWF areas of operation). The beneficiaries for seed and farm tools will be identified based on the set criteria from each woredas. Then the input provided (like seeds and tools) will be given a value, based on the local market price. Instead of providing the input free, the beneficiaries will work according to the value of the input they received. The communities will also decide which type of work should be carried out.

This implementation strategy requires storage of food and non-food items in the working areas. The JRP/ACT forum members in the past obtained storage facilities from local government where it is available – this will be continued. However, given the remoteness of the woredas that will be covered in this appeal such storage facilities may not be available. Therefore partners will arrange storage facilities such as rub halls for each woreda or use existing storage facilities of the ongoing programmes.

The implementation of this programme will depend on the level of funding. It also requires a careful planning and co-ordination with different stakeholders at local level. The implementation strategy will be followed from identifying the type of inputs required, such as seeds, EGS activities distribution plan etc. This will be done in close co-operation and consultation with community leaders and different government line ministries.

For each relief/EGS centre a team will be employed who will undertake the distribution of food and selected agricultural inputs. Each distribution team (for 15,000 - 20,000 beneficiaries) will be assigned. One distribution team consists of one team leader, two distributors, one registrar, two guards, and one storekeeper. However the number of staff at distribution centres may differ between areas, based on the local capacity to use already employed staff for other on going programmes. Depending on the level of support with food aid the distribution teams will be assigned for 4 months. EGS supervisors will be employed or members of the ongoing rehabilitation/ development programme will co-ordinate the implementation of the EGS and input for work activities. Because of the participatory approach the detailed plan of each activity13 and accomplishment cannot be known until the level of funding is identified.

It is hoped that the USAID will allocate about 100,000 Mt of assorted food to JRP/ACT through CRS. However these is not a confirmed pledge. USAID does not provide funds to cover the cost of the relief distribution operations. Therefore the proposed budget included funds to cover expenses for distribution teams and other transport needs.

Goats will be distributed to households who have lost their livestock in selected woredas (Fentale, wogera, Dabat, debark, sawena, beltu, Rayitu, etc). Priority will be given to most vulnerable female headed households who will also receive training in animal husbandry and marketing skills. The experience from Rayitu woreda (EECMY/LWF area of operation) indicates that distribution of goats to women has helped to increase household income and empowered women. It had also challenged the tradition that denied women right to livestock ownership. Therefore the main beneficiaries of goat distribution will be female households.

Other basic necessities, such as shelter, clothing, and sanitation facilities will be provided to the IDPs in

13 The detail EGS activities indicated on this proposal is based on partners' plan in consultation with the woreda DPPC.

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 33 AFET-22 Appeal

Mena Hangetu woreda. The presence of IDPs in the woreda will increase the demand for health services. There is also a fear that epidemic outbreaks, such as diarrhoeal disease, may occur due to lack of sanitation. Therefore health personnel will be seconded to the government health institute in the area and essential drugs will be given to health institute in the woreda to support the IDPs. The health co- ordinator of the EECMY/SEAW will co-ordinate this activities in close consultation with the government authorities in the woreda.

In Fentale woreda (CA/GTF areas of operation) the prolonged drought has put severe strain on the local environment. As a result people were left with no option but to search for the little forage that existed by herding their livestock all over the range lands. The effect of this has been that the range lands were not allowed to recover sufficiently before livestock are brought in. Therefore there is a great need for forage supplies to households who have limited access to pasture land. The rehabilitation component of the programme in Fentale woreda therefore will include supply of 279,000 bales of forage.

Transition from Emergency Following the recommendations from the ACT Evaluation June 2001 (John Bennet et al, June 2001) and JRP internal evaluation in 2001 (Daniel Kaftasa 2001), the JRP/ACT forum members have decided to focus their operations only on a few chronically food insecure woredas. The programmes will also aim to address the structural and long-term problems of food insecurity in those areas. However when the intensity of transitory food insecurity (starvation) in the country require churches involvement they have agreed to implement emergency programmes in woredas where members have on going rehabilitation and / or development activities. The main reason for this is that churches can not sit back and see the suffering of the people and the people/community may not be able to take part in the ongoing programmes.

In all areas targeted, in this proposal, members have ongoing rehabilitation and / or development programme. All activities will be implemented and co-ordinated with the already existing rehabilitation and development projects. Therefore it seeks to fulfil the overall goal of alleviating food insecurity. In all woredas, except for Mena Hangetu where the beneficiaries are mainly IDPs, the JRP/ACT partners will implement rehabilitation programmes which are expected to continue after the emergency assistance. VII. ADMINISTRATION, FINANCE, MONITORING & REPORTING

Administration The JRP/ACT forum members will have the responsibility of implementing the programmes in their respective areas of operation. Implementing partners have the over all responsibility of implementing the programme at local level. They will implement the programme and work in close consultation with the local community and the sponsoring / leading partner organisation. They are also responsible for recruiting and employment of local staff and making the necessary arrangement to ensure storage availability. The sponsoring / leading JRP/ACT forum members also have the overall responsibility of co-ordinating the programme implementation with local community, line department, local administration and other NGOs who are working in their respective areas.

Sponsoring / leading partners also have the responsibility of regularly monitoring the implementation of the programme, making the necessary adjustments in the planned activities in case funding level is lower than expected or if other problems occur. Sponsoring / leading partners also have the responsibility to provide technical support to the implementing partners such as logistics, monitoring, evaluation and reporting.

The sponsoring /leading partner of the JRP/ACT forum in their respective areas of operation have the responsibility of preparing interim reports, narratives and financial and final report at the end of the programme. All copies of the narrative reports will be sent to JRP co-ordination office. The JRP co-

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 34 AFET-22 Appeal ordination office will compile the narrative reports and forward it to ACT Geneva. Financial reports will be prepared by the sponsoring / leading partner organisation and will be forwarded to ACT Geneva with covering letter from JRP co-ordination office.

The operation in this proposal is for a total of 9 months, from November 2002 up to end of July 2003. The actual distribution of relief food and rehabilitation inputs, in general the duration of the programme varies between woredas. This is reflected in the proposed budget by each organisation.

The over all programme co-ordination with regard to information sharing and reporting will be the responsibility of the JRP co-ordination office. JRP co-ordination office will play an intermediary role between JRP/ACT forum members in Ethiopia and ACT Geneva office, while JRP/ACT members and partners have the full responsibility of implementing and co-ordinating programme implementation in their respective areas of operation.

At the local level, the implementing partners of JRP/ACT forum members are, EOC diocesans in north Gondar, South Wello and Tigray, ECC-MCS and ECC/SHCS in Arsi and SNNPR, EECMY/NCES and EECMY/SEAW, EECMY/SES, EECMY/SCES, EECMY/SWS, EECMY/NECS, SOS-sahel, AFD and GTF. They will be responsible for the day-to-day implementation, monitoring and participation in the targeting of beneficiaries for the programmes.

Finance Regarding the proposed project financial management and control, the JRP/ACT forum members will use two options depending on whether the donation is earmarked or not.

Option 1: earmarked donations If donations from ACT network are earmarked to specific member organisation or area, the JRP/ACT member responsible in that area will take the full responsibility for any donation. As indicated in this document section 2.2, JRP/ACT member organisation in their respective areas will take full responsibility of project management, which will include receiving donations and disbursing donations to the implementing partner organisations. They are also responsible for co-ordinating programme implementation with local partners and government offices at federal and regional level; monitoring, evaluation, reporting both financial and narratives. The narrative report will be submitted to JRP co- ordination office for compilation and then submission to ACT. The financial report will be sent by sponsoring / leading partner directly to ACT with copy to JRP co-ordination office.

Option 2: Un-earmarked donations In the case of un- earmarked donations or donation sthat are made to JRP/ACT forum in general, JRP/ACT form members jointly will decide on the allocation. As soon as donations are obtained the JRP/ACT forum member relief and rehabilitation programme co-ordinators will suggest allocation based on needs and priorities. After approval JRP/ACT executives' approval the information on the approved allocation will be sent to ACT Geneva so that funds can be transferred directly to the member organisation that will receive the donation.

The receiving JRP/ACT member organisation will then take full responsibility of administering the programme. Specifically they will be responsible for receiving donations, disbursing donations to the implementing partner organisations, co-ordinating programme implementation with local partners and government offices at federal and regional level, monitoring, evaluation, reporting both financial and narratives. The narrative report will be submitted to JRP co-ordination office for compilation and then submission to ACT. The financial report will be sent by sponsoring / leading partner directly to ACT with copy to JRP co-ordination office.

Based on the planned activities in each areas of intervention the necessary recourses financial and food or

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 35 AFET-22 Appeal kind donations will be transferred to implementing agencies through the sponsoring / leading partner organisation.

The implementing partners will have the responsible to present financial statement to the leading partner every month with a clear description on how the funds were utilised supported by original documents. These reports will be assessed and checked against the proposed budget and achieved activities and finally approved before further payments are made.

When the project is finalised each sponsoring / leading JRP/ACT forum members will prepare both narrative and final financial reports for submission to ACT Geneva through JRP co-ordination office. All accounts related to this JRP/ACT appeal will be done by external Auditing firm at the end of the operation.

Audit Firms of the Implementing Partners: For LWF/WS - A A Bromhead & Co, Chartered Accountants, Addis Ababa For ECC - Getachew Kassaye & Co, POB 1432, Addis Ababa For EOC/DICAC - Abraham Berhanu & Co, POB 1608, Addis Ababa For CA - Solomon Gizaw & Co, POB 25701, Addis Ababa For NCA - A A Bromhead & Co, Addis Ababa

Monitoring Monitoring of the programme will be done at three levels. The JRP/ACT forum members will conduct a regular monitoring of the programme implementation. The Relief and Rehabilitation Programme Co- ordinators of each member will be responsible. The implementing partners’ programme co-ordinators (development and/ or rehabilitation) that are responsible for overall implementation of the programme at regional and zonal level will do the second level monitoring.

The third level of monitoring will be done by the relief distribution team leaders and EGS supervisors who will work at woreda and peasant association level. They are also responsible for the day to day implementation of the programme in closer consultation and co-operation with the community.

VIII. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

The project implementation on the ground is estimated to take 9 months, and is supposed to start on November 2002. The level of beneficiaries expected to benefit from this project will increase from the period starting January 2003. The detail implementation table will be reviewed when funding is made available and if situation changes, improves or deteriorate.

Month Description of activities Resources needed Financing 1 Transportation of relief food; Food Grain. from USAID, USAID, ACT donation of food preparation of distribution plans; ACT. aid including supplementary preparation of EGS plans, including Distribution teams in place. food. ACT network financial identifying source of rehabilitation Technical experts for EGS support for running of inputs, procurement and planning. operation including funds for transportation of technical input additional EGS Inputs (tools (tools, seeds, sweet potato cuttings, etc.) and workshops. chemicals, goats etc) 2 Distribution of Grain, and suppl. food Grain, suppl. food and oil. USAID, ACT donation of food and Oil; preparation of EGS plans, Distribution teams in place. aid including supplementary including conducting Training Technical experts for EGS food. ACT network financial programmes, Transportation of implementation. support to cover the running of rehabilitation input (tools, seeds, Rehabilitation inputs, and the operation. In addition ACT sweet potato cuttings chemicals, goats technical experts. to cover the cost of

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 36 AFET-22 Appeal

etc); EGS activities to start; rehabilitation inputs, EGS, Implementation of input-for-work inputs and for workshops and, approach; Technical assistance for training. EGS activities; Monitoring of activities. 3 Distribution of Grain, suppl. food and Grain and suppl. food. USAID, ACT donation of food oil; EGS activities; Implementation of Distribution teams in place. aid including supplementary input-for-work approach; (sweet Technical experts for EGS food. ACT network financial potato cuttings, seeds, tools implementation. support for running of etc.).Technical assistance for EGS operation including funds for activities; monitoring of activities. additional EGS Inputs (tools etc.). ACT network financial support for Rehabilitation inputs and workshops/ training.

4 Distribution of Grain, suppl. food and Grain, suppl. food and oil. USAID, ACT donation of food oil; EGS activities; Implementation of Distribution teams in place. aid including supplementary input-for-work approach; (sweet Technical experts for EGS food. ACT network financial potato cuttings, seeds, tools implementation. support for running of etc.).Technical assistance for EGS operation including funds for activities; Monitoring of activities. additional EGS Inputs (tools . etc.). ACT network financial support for Rehabilitation inputs and workshops/ training. 5 Distribution of Grain, suppl. food and Grain, suppl. food and oil. USAID, ACT donation of food oil; EGS activities; Implementation of Distribution teams in place. aid including supplementary input-for-work approach; (sweet Technical experts for EGS food. ACT network financial potato cuttings, seeds, tools implementation. support for running of etc.).Technical assistance for EGS operation including funds for activities; Monitoring of activities. additional EGS Inputs (tools etc.). ACT network financial support for Rehabilitation inputs and workshops/ training. 6 Distribution of Grain, suppl. food and Grain, suppl. food and oil. USAID, ACT donation of food oil; EGS activities; Implementation of Distribution teams in place. aid including supplementary input-for-work approach; (seeds, tools Technical experts for EGS food. ACT network financial etc.).Technical assistance for EGS implementation. support for running of activities; Monitoring of activities. operation including funds for Review the need for food assistance in additional EGS Inputs (tools second quarter of 2003, prepare etc.). ACT network financial amendment on the proposal as support for Rehabilitation necessary and prepare for the inputs and workshops/ training. continuation of the relief/EGS activities. 7 Distribution of Grain, suppl. food and Grain, suppl. food and oil. USAID, ACT donation of food oil; EGS activities; Implementation of Distribution teams in place. aid including supplementary input-for-work approach; (seeds, tools Technical experts for EGS food. ACT network financial etc.).Technical assistance for EGS implementation. support for running of activities; Monitoring of activities. operation including funds for additional EGS Inputs (tools etc.). ACT network financial support for Rehabilitation inputs and workshops/ training. 8 Continuation of EGS activities based Co-ordination and ACT network financial support on input-for-work. Monitoring of monitoring for running of operation activities. including funds for additional EGS Inputs (tools etc.) 9 Finalisation including implementation Co-ordination and ACT network financial support and impact assessment report monitoring. Evaluation by for running operation. external consultant/ JRP/ACT forum members.

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 37 AFET-22 Appeal

IX. CO-ORDINATION

All relief, rehabilitation and development projects in Ethiopia need to be co-ordinated and officially approved by the Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission. JRP/ACT forum members in their respective areas of operation have already received this approval to operate in the 25 districts. Once approved by DPPC and the funding level is known, JRP/ACT forum members will contact the regional DPPB’s for Tigray, Afar, Amhara Oromia, Somali, and SNNP regions. At zonal and district level the JRP/ACT forum members with their implementing partner organisations will co-ordinate the activities, with the zonal and woreda authorities who will be involved in the planning and implementation of proposed activities. The presence of JRP/ACT forum members and their partners at local level will ensure the full participation of community leaders and line departments. The JRP/ACT forum members are also fully informed on what each JRP/ACT member implements.

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 38 AFET-22 Appeal

X. BUDGETS

ACT JRP FOOD ITEMS BUDGET

Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Unit Unit US$ US$ Direct Assistance (food items) Grain MT 40,648 220 8,942,560 Supplementary food " 6,667 1,100 7,333,700 Veg. Oil " 2,223 520 1,155,960 Sub-Total 49,538 17,432,220

Transport, storage, warehousing and handling cost Portage MT 49,538 13 643,994 Survey charges " 49,538 2 99,076 Transport to Addis (see note) " 49,538 74 3,665,812 Secondary Transport " 49,538 50 2,476,900 Primary warehouse charge " 49,538 1 49,538 Secondary warehouse charge " 49,538 1 49,538 Unloading at primary warehouse " 49,538 2 99,076 Unloading at secondary warehouse " 49,538 2 99,076 Sub-Total 7,183,010 TOTAL 24,615,230

******************

CHRISTIAN AID ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE

Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget Unit Unit ETB ETB US$ DIRECT ASSISTANCE Note: The direct assistance is shown by woredas because CA does not have the same partner with each woreda, and also due to different local situation, many of the activities and their unit cost differ.

CA/EECMY Meda Welabu Rehabilitation Improved seeds Maize (katumani) MT 30 4,027.90 120,837 14,100 Sorghum (lowland var) MT 15 2,571.00 38,565 4,500 Teff MT 20 3,428.00 68,560 8,000 Wheat (local seed) MT 55 2,013.95 110,767 12,925 Sub total 338,729 39,525

Restocking Oxen No 95 1,285.50 122,123 14,250 Heifers No 70 1,714.00 119,980 14,000 Female goats No 15 2,571.00 38,565 4,500 Sub-total 280,668 32,750

Hand Tools Plow points & Hooks pcs 300 25.71 7,713 900 Sickles pcs 350 20.57 7,200 840 Flat hoes pcs 200 25.71 5,142 600 Pick axes pcs 500 25.71 12,855 1,500 Axes pcs 150 25.71 3,857 450

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 39 AFET-22 Appeal

Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget Unit Unit ETB ETB US$ Shovels pcs 100 25.71 2,571 300 Bush knives pcs 250 25.71 6,428 750 Sub-total 45,765 5,340

Transportation & Handling cost Seeds Transport(Nazereth-620 km) Km 65 741.31 48,185 5,623 Tools Transportation LS 65 481.21 31,279 3,650 loading unloading MT 2,392 20.14 48,175 5,621 Sub-total 127,639 14,894

Salary of project staff Relief co-ordinator (1) Months 8 3,025.21 24,202 2,824 Team leader (1) Months 8 1,062.68 8,501 992 Distributor (3) Months 8 2,725.26 21,802 2,544 Junior Nurse(1) Months 8 1,062.68 8,501 992 Senior Nurse(1) Months 8 2,271.05 18,168 2,120 Registrator (1) Months 8 908.42 7,267 848 Store Keeper (1) Months 8 908.42 7,267 848 Guards (1) Months 8 1,131.24 9,050 1,056 Driver (1) Months 8 908.42 7,267 848 Cashier (1) Months 8 1,062.68 8,501 992 Accountant (1) Months 8 1,516.89 12,135 1,416 EGS coordinator (1) Months 8 1,816.84 14,535 1,696 Sub-total 147,198 17,176

TOTAL CA/EECMY Meda Welabu 939,998 109,685

CA/EECMY Manna Hangetu Emergency supplies Health service Various 9,171 8.57 78,595 9,171 Plastic cover M2 1 215,964.00 107,982 12,600 Blankets Pieces 12 17,997.00 212,365 24,780 Soaps Pieces 0 179,970.00 43,193 5,040 Jerry Cans Pieces 0 179,970.00 71,988 8,400 Plastic plates Pieces 0 53,991.00 1,296 151 Mats Pcsof 3m2 2 17,997.00 32,395 3,780 Plastic cups Pieces 0 71,988.00 14,398 1,680 Kettles Pieces 3 17,997.00 53,991 6,300 Casserole Pieces 5 17,997.00 84,586 9,870 Tools for EGS Pieces 3 32,279.50 96,839 11,300 Sub-total 797,626 93,072

Transport & handling cost PT medicine Km 11 570.00 6,002 700 PT blanket & plastic cover Km 4 570.00 2,497 291 PT utensils + tool Km 44 570.00 25,000 2,917 ST food Manna town to sites Km 1,752 50.00 87,600 10,222 ST medicine Manna town to sites Km 5 570.00 2,998 350 ST plastic/blanket/Manna town/sites Km 7 570.00 4,001 467 Utensils from Manna town to sites Km 4 570.00 2,001 233 loading unloading LS 1 51,927.00 51,927 6,059 Sub-total 182,026 21,240

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 40 AFET-22 Appeal

Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget Unit Unit ETB ETB US$ Salary of staff Relief coordinator(1) Months 353 42.85 15,126 1,765 Team leader (1) Months 123 42.85 5,271 615 Distributor (6) Months 283 42.85 12,127 1,415 Junior Nurse(1) Months 123 42.85 5,271 615 Senior Nurse(1) Months 264 42.85 11,312 1,320 Registrator (1) Months 106 42.85 4,542 530 Store Keeper (1) Months 106 42.85 4,542 530 Guards (3) Months 73 42.85 3,128 365 Driver (2) Months 106 42.85 4,542 530 Cashier (1) Months 132 42.85 5,656 660 Accountant (1) Months 177 42.85 7,584 885 EGS coordinator (1) Months 211 42.85 9,041 1,055 Sub-total 88,142 10,285

TOTAL CA/EECMY Manna Hangetu 1,067,795 124,597

CA/GTF-Fantalle Woreda Rehabilitation inputs Restocking (she goats) No 15,500 102.84 1,594,020 186,000 Forage supply No 232,000 5.14 1,192,480 139,146 Hand tools for EGS each 2,353 8.57 20,165 2,353 Nursery establishment LS 1 5,039.16 5,039 588 Sub-total 2,811,704 328,087

Transportation & Handling cost Forage transport (200km) LS 200 1,145.21 229,042 26,726 Food transport (100 Km) MT 2,901 171.40 497,231 58,020 Loading unloading MT 5,238 20.14 105,493 12,310 Sub-total 831,767 97,056

Salary of project staff Relief coordinator(1) Months 8 3,025.21 24,202 2,824 Livestock supervisor (1) Months 8 3,025.21 24,202 2,824 Store Keeper (1) Months 8 908.42 7,267 848 Guards (3) Months 8 1,131.24 9,050 1,056 Driver (1) Months 8 908.42 7,267 848 Sub-total 71,988 8,400

TOTAL CA/GTF-Fantalle Woreda 3,715,459 433,542

CA/AFD Boloso Sore & Boreda Woreda Rehabilitation inputs Sweet potato cuttings 12,500,000 0.02 250,000 29,172 Malatine 50% E.C litter 500 55.71 27,855 3,250 Benzene for sprays LS 1 805.58 806 94 protective devices pcs 24 150.83 3,620 422 Sub total 282,281 32,938

Transportation & Handling cost Transportation of potato & cuttings Trip 180 351.37 63,247 7,380 loading unloading Tuck/load 180 150.83 27,149 3,168 Sub total 90,396 10,548 TOTAL CA/AFD Boloso Sore & Boreda Wereda 372,677 43,486 Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 41 AFET-22 Appeal

Unit Unit ETB ETB US$ CA/SoS-Sahel-Kindo Koisha & Ofa woreda Rehabilitation inputs Seed purchase (potato) cuttings 21,120,000 0.02 422,400 49,288 Malatine 50% E.C litter 1,000 55.71 55,710 6,501 Sub total 478,110 55,789

Salary of project staff Agronomist (1) Months 4 3,522.27 14,089 1,644 Drivers (2) Months 3 4,878.33 14,635 1,708 Sub total 28,724 3,352 TOTAL CA/SoS-Sahel-Kindo Koisha & Ofa woreda 506,834 59,140

TOTAL DIRECT ASSISTANCE 6,602,763 770,451

PERSONNEL, ADMIN, OPERATIONAL & SUPPORT Office operations Office rent month 8 6,041.85 48,335 5,640 Office utilities month 8 14,569.00 116,552 13,600 Office supplies & stationeries month 8 4,662.08 37,297 4,352 Telephone, fax & postage month 8 5,999.00 47,992 5,600 Vehicle ops fuel & mileage cost month 8 36,156.00 289,248 33,751 Maintenance/store month 8 3,368.01 26,944 3,144 Local travels month 8 10,712.50 85,700 10,000 Per diems (food & lodging) month 8 8,034.38 64,275 7,500 Sub total 716,343 83,587

Other Expenses Monitoring & evaluation month 8 14,925.51 119,404 13,933 Auditing fee lump sum 1 92,950.00 92,950 10,846 Sub total 212,354 24,779

TOTAL PERSONNEL, ADMIN., OPERATIONAL & SUPPORT 928,697 108,366

TOTAL ESTIMATED CAID EXPENDITURE 7,531,459 878,817

Exchange Rate: I USD = ETB 8.57

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ETHIOPIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE

Description Type of No. of Unit Cost Budget Budget Unit Unit ETB ETB USD DISTRIBUTION COSTS Meki CS Staff Salary & Benefits Supervisor (1) Month 9 1,464 13,176 1,537 Food distributor (6) Month 9 610 32,940 3,844 Storekeeper (2) Month 8 671 10,736 1,253 Guard (4) Month 8 366 11,712 1,367 Sub-total 68,564 8,000

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 42 AFET-22 Appeal

Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget Unit Unit ETB ETB US$ Operations and Support Honorarium Month 9 1,000 9,000 1,050 Per diems Month 9 2,000 18,000 2,100 Fuel & lubricants Month 9 1,500 1,509 176 Communication, stationary, etc. Month 9 250 2,250 263 Sub-total 30,759 3,589

Rehabilitation Input Sickle Piece 1,500 15 22,500 2,625 Hoe Piece 1,000 30 30,000 3,501 Sub-total 52,500 6,126

TOTAL Meki CS 151,823 17,716

Sodo-Hosana CS Salary & Benefit Supervisor (1) Month 9 1,464 13,176 1,537 Food distributor (6) Month 8 610 29,280 3,417 Storekeeper (3) Month 8 671 16,104 1,879 Guard (6) Month 8 366 17,568 2,050 Sub-total 76,128 8,883

Operations & Support Honorarium Month 9 2,210 19,890 2,321 Per diems Month 9 1,650 14,850 1,733 Fuel & lubricants Month 9 1,454 13,086 1,527 Vehicle maintenance Month 9 889 8,000 933 Communication., stationeries, etc. Month 9 657 5,913 690 Sub-total 61,739 7,204

TOTAL SHCS 137,867 16,087

TOTAL DISTRIBUTION 289,690 33,803

PERSONNEL, ADMIN., OPERATIONAL & SUPPORT Evaluation Expenses LS 2 25,370 50,740 5,921

TOTAL ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE 340,430 39,723

Exchange Rate: I USD = ETB 8.57

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EOC/DICAC INCOME (US$)

National Council of Churches in Australia 22,256 Wider Church Ministries/United Church of Christ, USA 6,500 Total Income 28,756

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 43 AFET-22 Appeal

EOC/DICAC ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE

Description Type of No. of Unit Cost Budget Budget Unit Unit ETB ETB USD REHABILITATION A. Rehabilitation assistance Provision of farm tools (various) Pcs. 12,000 43 510,000 59,510 Provision of Seeds Mt. 300 2,125 637,500 74,387 Provision of Oxen each 300 2,125 637,500 74,387 Live stock restocking ( different ) each 500 170 85,000 9,918 Spring dev't and Hand dug wells each 12 29,750 357,000 41,657 Sub-total 2,227,000 259,860

B. Conduct base line surveys ( 2 ) Base line survey each 2 170,000 340,000 39,673 Consultancy fee Lumpsum 2 85,000 170,000 19,837 Materials (various) surveys 2 34,000 68,000 7,935 Perdiem 2 teams (7) members days/2 teams 16 4,200 67,200 7,841 Transport days/2 teams 16 4,200 67,200 7,841 Sub-total 712,400 83,127

C. Training Training of 120 farmers sessions 7 12,750 89,250 10,414 Training of 20 project staff sessions 5 9,350 46,750 5,455 Training of 15 line dep’t staffs sessions 5 7,012 35,060 4,091 Training of staff at DICAC level sessions 3 85,000 255,000 29,755 Sub-total 426,060 49,715 TOTAL REHABILITATION 3,365,460 392,702

DIRECT PROGRAMME COST Staff salary ( Zonal Coordination) EGS coordinators (3) Month/Pers 9 6,120 55,080 6,427 Secretary(3) Month/Pers 9 3,060 27,540 3,214 Driver(3) Month/Pers 9 3,060 27,540 3,214 Accountant(3) Month/Pers 9 4,590 41,310 4,820 Sub-total 151,470 17,674

Travel costs ( Zonal Coordination) Perdiem 4 pers (10USD/pers/day) 10days/trip 5 3,400 17,000 1,984 Office Supplies Month 9 2,550 22,950 2,678 Communication Costs Month 9 425 3,825 446 Rental 2 vehicles (1USD/km/1000km/mth) Month 9 1,700 15,300 1,785 Sub-total 59,075 6,893

Staff salary Project level Team Leaders (6) Month 9 9,180 82,620 9,641 Storekeeper (6) Month 9 5,058 45,518 5,311 Registrar (6) Month 9 5,058 45,518 5,311 Distributors (12) Month 9 7,344 66,096 7,712 Guards ( 18 ) Month 9 5,508 49,572 5,784 Sub-total 289,323 33,760

Travel Costs Project level Perdiem 3 pers(10USD/pers/day) 10days/mon. 5 2,550 12,750 1,488 Office Supplies Month 9 2,550 22,950 2,678

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 44 AFET-22 Appeal

Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget Unit Unit ETB ETB US$ Communication Costs Month 9 850 7,650 893 Rental 2 field vehicle (1.0 USD /km, 1000km/month) Month 9 17,000 153,000 17,853 Sub Total 196,350 22,911

TOTAL DIRECT PROGRAMME COST 696,218 81,239

PERSONNEL, ADMIN., OPERATIONAL & SUPPORT A. Staff salary EOC/DICAC Level Development Dept Head (15%) Month 9 2,550 22,950 2,678 Finance Dept Head (10%) Month 9 1,700 15,300 1,785 Relief & Rehab Division Head Month 9 4,250 38,250 4,463 Assistant coordinator Month 9 3,400 30,600 3,571 Logistics officer Month 9 2,125 19,125 2,232 Secretary Month 9 1,700 15,300 1,785 Driver Month 9 850 7,650 893 Sub-total 149,175 17,407

B. Travel costs EOC/DICAC level Perdiem 3 pers (15USD/pers/day) Trips 5 3,856 19,280 2,250 Air tickets Trips 5 850 4,250 496 Office supplies Month 9 7,650 68,850 8,034 Communication Costs Month 9 7,650 68,850 8,034 Fuel and lubricant 1000km/month Month 9 4,250 38,250 4,463 Office rent Month 9 10,000 90,000 10,502 Vehicle rent Month 9 4,250 38,250 4,463 Sub-total 327,730 38,242

TOTAL PERSONNEL, ADM. OPERATION & SUPPORT 476,905 55,648

TOTAL ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE 4,538,583 529,590 Less Income 28,756 BALANCE REQUESTED FROM ACT NETWORK 500,834

Exchange Rate: I USD = ETB 8.57

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LWF/EECMY ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE

Description Type of No. of Unit Cost Budget Budget Unit Unit ETB ETB USD FOOD AND NON FOOD INPUTS - REHABILITATION Food & Livestock Seed (different varieties) MT 255 3,540 902,700 105,333 Tools (Pcs) Pcs 30,000 20 600,000 70,012 Transport cost MT 285 455 129,675 15,131 Goats (FHH) Head 900 130 117,000 13,652 Inputs for 15 ponds Lumpsum 15 8,570 128,550 15,000 Spring development Lumpsum 5 11,141 55,705 6,500

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 45 AFET-22 Appeal

Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget Unit Unit ETB ETB US$ Medicine Medicine for humans (4 districts) Lumpsum 4 42,850 171,400 20,000 Medicine for animals (4 districts) Lumpsum 4 21,425 85,700 10,000 EGS familiarization Lumpsum 6 12,855 77,130 9,000 TOTAL FOOD & NON-FOOD INPUT - REHABILITATION 2,267,860 264,628

FOOD DISTRIBUTION Distribution Teams Team Leader (8) Month/Pers 72 1,114 80,208 9,359 Registrar (8) Month/Pers 72 943 67,896 7,923 Store Keepers (14) Month/Pers 126 943 118,818 13,864 Distributor (19) Month/Pers 171 943 161,253 18,816 Guards (34) Month/Pers 306 429 131,274 15,318 Sub-Total 559,449 65,280

Supervisory Staff Salary at Zonal level Coordinator (3) Month/Pers 27 3,015 81,405 9,499 EGS Supervisors (5) Month/Pers 45 1,820 81,900 9,557 Asst. Supervisor (5) Month/Pers 45 1,217 54,765 6,390 Accountant (3) Month/Pers 27 1,517 40,959 4,779 Cashier (4) Month/Pers 36 1,115 40,140 4,684 Driver (4) Month/Pers 36 945 34,020 3,970 Sub-Total 333,189 38,879

Other Costs at Woreda Level 8 light vehicles 2000 km/month at 0.5 USD (8) KM 144,000 4 617,760 72,084 Travel and allowance (6) trip 54 4,199 226,746 26,458 Office Supplies (6) Lumpsum 6 13,652 81,912 9,558 Telephone and postage (6) Lumpsum 6 4,628 27,768 3,240 Sub-Total 954,186 111,340

TOTAL FOOD DISTRIBUTION 1,846,824 215,499

PERSONNEL, ADMIN, OPERATIONS & SUPPORT LWF Head Office Overheads for supervision of the Project Director (10% ) Month/Pers 9 8,570 77,130 9,000 Financial Director (15%) Month/Pers 9 9,641 86,769 10,125 Relief Coordinator Month/Pers 9 5,236 47,124 5,499 Assistant Coordinator Month/Pers 9 3,994 35,946 4,194 Logistic Coordinator Month/Pers 9 4,234 38,106 4,446 Field Supervisors (2) Month/Pers 9 5,485 49,365 5,760 Secretaries (2) Month/Pers 9 5,742 51,678 6,030 Driver (1) Month/Pers 9 1,500 13,500 1,575 Accountant Month/Pers 9 3,857 34,713 4,051 Sub-Total 434,331 50,680

Other LWF Head Office Cost Perdiem 5 persons 10 days/Month Trip 45 1,286 57,870 6,753 Air Ticket Trip 9 686 6,174 720 E-mail, Telephone, Postage Lump/Month 9 2,143 19,287 2,251 Office supplies Lump/Month 9 3,428 30,852 3,600 Office Rent 20% Month 9 3,000 27,000 3,151 Sub-Total 141,183 16,474 Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 46 AFET-22 Appeal

Unit Unit ETB ETB US$ EECMY Head Quarter - A.A. Coordinator Month/Pers 9 3,239 29,151 3,402 Field Officer Month/Pers 9 2,571 23,139 2,700 Secretary Month/Pers 9 1,903 17,127 1,998 Driver Month/Pers 9 1,286 11,574 1,351 (E-mail, telephone, postage) Lumpsum 1 8,022 8,022 936 Office Supplies Lumpsum 1 8,099 8,099 945 Vehicle rent 1 (USD 0.5/KMx2000) Month 9 8,570 77,130 9,000 Travel and allowance - 3 persons Trip 27 1,286 34,722 4,052 Sub-Total 208,964 24,383

TOTAL PERSONNEL, ADM. OPERATION & SUPPORT 784,478 91,538

TOTAL LWF/EECMY ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE 4,899,162 571,664

Exchange Rate: I USD = ETB 8.57

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NCA/EECMY INCOME

Wider Church Ministries/United Church of Christ, USA 6,500 Total Income 6,500

NCA/EECMY ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE

Description Type of No. of Unit Cost Budget Budget Unit Unit ETB ETB USD DIRECT ASSISTANCE Crisis Assistance Emergency Response Training session 120 200 24,000 2,800 Nutritional Survey each 3 45,000 135,000 15,753 Workshop on HIV/AIDS & Gender each 500 80 40,000 4,667 Impact assessment each 6 10,000 60,000 7,001 Sub-total 259,000 30,222

Non-food Items Assorted Seeds pcs 303 3,900 1,181,700 137,888 Hand tools pcs 42 5,900 250,278 29,204 Sub-total 1,431,978 167,092

Water and Sanitation Water tankering Month 2 90,000 180,000 21,004 Pond Maintenance Month 3 90,000 270,000 31,505 Sub total 450,000 52,509

Distribution and Supervisory Team Leaders (10) Month 9 8,822 79,398 9,265 Store keppers(10) Month 9 8,465 76,185 8,890 Distributers(19) Month 9 14,225 128,025 14,939 Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 47 AFET-22 Appeal

Unit Unit ETB ETB US$ Registrars Month 9 7,560 68,040 7,939 Guards Month 9 7,056 63,504 7,410 Coordinators(3) Month 9 7,804 70,236 8,196 EGS supervisors(6) Month 9 9,361 84,249 9,831 Accountants(3) Month 9 3,828 34,452 4,020 Cashers Month 9 2,680 24,120 2,814 Sub-total 628,209 73,303

TOTAL DIRECT ASSISTANCE 2,589,187 302,122

MATERIAL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, WAREHOUSING & HANDLING Material Transport Transport from main store to centers MT 303 479 145,137 16,935 Secondary Transport MT 303 174 52,722 6,152 Sub-total 197,859 23,087

Storage, warehousing & handling Primary warehouse rent MT 303 18 5,454 636 Secondary warehouse rent MT 303 11 3,333 389 Labour for loading and unloading MT 303 45 13,635 1,591 Sub-total 22,422 2,616

TOTAL MATERIAL TRANSP, STORAGE, W/HOUSING & HANDLING 220,281 25,704

PERSONNEL, ADMINISTRATION, OPERATION & SUPPORT EECMY Synods staff travel Per Diems (Food/Lodging) Month 9 1,200 10,800 1,260

EECMY Synods Office Operations Office stationary and supplies Month 9 3,000 27,000 3,151 Office utilities Month 9 2,400 21,600 2,520 Sub-total 48,600 5,671

EECMY Synods Communications Telephone,Fax,Postage Month 9 2,220 19,980 2,331 Electronic Mail Month 9 1,100 9,900 1,155 Sub-total 29,880 3,487

EECMY Synods Vehicle Operations Vehicle mileage 12,000km/mth x Br. 5 Month 9 4,003 36,027 4,204 Vehicle (4) mileage 4,000km/mth x Br.5 Month 9 2,000 18,000 2,100 Sub-total 54,027 6,304

EECMY Synods Audit, Reporting and Evaluation Audit & Reporting LS 1 20,000 20,000 2,334 Program Evaluation LS 1 50,000 50,000 5,834 Sub-total 70,000 8,168

NCA/E Technical Support Supervisory & Monit Staff Salaries Month 9 13,000 117,000 13,652 Supervisory & Monit Staff Benefits Month 9 2,600 23,400 2,730 Supervisory & Monit Staff Insurance Month 9 1,000 9,000 1,050 Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Budget

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 48 AFET-22 Appeal

Unit Unit ETB ETB US$ Supervisory & Monit Staff Perdiem Month 9 3,000 27,000 3,151 Supervision Cars Mileage 2000 km/month x Birr 5.00 Month 9 10,000 90,000 10,502 Narrative & Financial Reporting & overall follow up Month 9 1,000 9,000 1,050 Sub-total 275,400 32,135

TOTAL PERSONNEL, ADMINISTRATION, OPS & SUPPORT 488,707 57,025

TOTAL NCA/EECMY ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE 3,298,175 384,851 Less Income 6,500 BALANCE REQUESTED FROM ACT NETWORK 378,351

Exchange Rate: I USD = ETB 8.57

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Reference Notes:

Bennet, John et al.: Evaluation of the JRP/ACT Appeal AFETT01 – Famine Relief, 2000, June 2001.

Bush , J. and Konde, A. (2001) Food AID Impact Study, Meda Welabo Woreda, Christian Aid.

DPPC (Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission) Impact of the 2002 Belg Harvest and the GU rain in the pastoral areas on Food Availability, August 2002.

DPPC (Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission) Early Warning System Report, 5, September 2002.

DPPC (Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission) Appeal for immediate food needs and Scenarios of likely emergency needs in 2003, September 30, 2002.

DPPC (Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission) Impact of the 2002 Belg Harvest and the GU rain in the pastoral areas on Food Availability, August 2002.

DPPC (Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission), Assistance requirement and implementation strategy 2002, DPPC, January 2002.

Daniel Kaftasa, (July 2001), Internal Evaluation, Retrospect and Prospects of JRP, JRP, Co-ordination Office.

FDRE (The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia), 1996, Food Security Strategy, A document prepared for the consultation group meeting, Dec 10-12, 1996.

Gebrehiwote , (2002), Field assessment report in North and South Gonder Zones in Amhara Region, August 2002.

Getachew Olana: 2001 EC/LWF Relief Operation – Implementation and Impact Assessment Report, February 2002.

LWF Ethiopia: Ghinnir/Raiytu Integrated Rural Development Project – Project Impact Assessment Report, January 2002

Melkamneh, A et. al. (August 2002), Field assessment report, low land parts of Bale Zone , (LWF)

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 49 AFET-22 Appeal

Abbreviations

ACT - Action by Churches Together AFD - Action for Development BFW - Bread for the World CA - Christian Aid CFGB - Canadian Food Grain Bank CRS - Catholic Relief Services DCA - DanChurch Aid DPPB - Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Bureau DPPC - Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission EC - Ethiopian Calendar ECC - Ethiopian Catholic Church EECMY - Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus EECMY/NCES - Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus/North Central Ethiopia Synod EECMY/SEAW - Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus/South East Area Work EECMY/SES - Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus/South East Synod EECMY/SWS- Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus/South West Synod EGS - Employment Generation Scheme EOC/DICAC - Ethiopian Orthodox Church/Development and Inter-church Aid Commission EWS - Early Warning System GAM - Global Acute Malnutrition GTF - Gudina Tumessa Foundation ha - hectare HFES - House hold Food Economy Survey HH - House hold IDP's - Internally Displaced People IRDP - Integrated Rural Development Project JRP - Joint Relief Partnership KM - kilo metre LS - Lump Sum LWF DWS - Lutheran World Federation, Department for World Service MEDAC - Ministry of Economic Development and Co-operation Mt - Metric ton NCA - Norwegian Church Aid NGO - Non-Governmental Organisation PA - Peasant Association PT - Primary transport Q (q) - quintal SNNPR - Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples Region ST - Secondary Transport SWCP - Soil and Water Conservation Project USAID - United States Aid for International Development WOA - Woreda Agriculture Development Office

Local Terminology

Ayil - A small hinged hoc made of rope and wood with metal points Belg - Short rainy season Birkas - Traditional cisterns Chat - Stimulant Enset - False Banana Meher - Long rainy season Woreda - District-

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 50 AFET-22 Appeal

Annex 1: Organigram of JRP/ACT forum members, relief and rehabilitation Appeal 2002 -2003.

National Level: Leading/Implementing partners agencies Government of Ethiopia agencies

JRP/ACT Forum: EOC, ECC, EECMY, DPPC LWF, CRS, CA, NCA, CFGB, BFW coordinate all relief operations

Regional Level Leading partners/ Sponsoring

agency for the regions, Tigray, Regional DPPB Afar, Amhara, Oromia, SNNPR, Somali. Consignee and responsible for relief Operations contract with the DPPC.

Zonal DPPC and line Zonal Level departments

Woredas Level Woredas DPP committee, planning, co-ordination and selection of EGS activities Partners in their respective areas of operation, EOC diocesans, MCS, Woredas office of Education, Woredas Administration SHCS, NCES, SEAW, Agriculture and Health Incl. Water and infrastructure SES, SWS SOS-S, AFD, GTF. PA DPP committee in the 24 woredas. Co-ordination of Community Level beneficiaries for Gratuitous Food, EGS and rehabilitation

Beneficiary Level Ketena elders/leaders Selection of Beneficiaries

DIRECT BENEFICARY

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 51 AFET-22 Appeal

Annex - 2 -Planned EGS activities in ECC areas of operation

S. Activity description Unit Target per Woreda Total N D.Sire Zeway O. Humba K. o. Sheleko Kois ha 1. Road construction Km 11 32.7 21 16 80.7 2. Road maintenance Km 24 30 63 32 24 173 3. Pond clearing No. 4. Land terracing/soil bund Km. 210 210 5. Check dam construction M3 3,670 3,670 6. Compost preparation Pit 16 16 7. Fanaya juu terraces km 324 324 8. Tree planting Seedling 15,000 15,000 30,000 9. Pertinia weeding Ha. 25 25

Annex 3a

Price of major crops in 2002 (Bele market)

180 160 140 120 100 Crop price (ETB) 80 60 40 20 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Maize 60 61 62 69 82 105 110 Teff 146 150 156 157 165 180 180 Wheet 109 109 112 90 167 170 170 month

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 52 AFET-22 Appeal

Annex 3b: Estimated level of crop damage in Kindo Koysha woreda.

No Type of crop Estimated level Total Remarks of damage (%) planted area for belg season (ha) 1 Maize 90 Woreda level survey reports 2 Sweet potato 71 show that 3489 ha of maize, 3 Irish potato 85 haricot bean, and barely totally 4 Sorghum 54 destroyed, and 8258 ha planted 5 Taro 85 with these and other local crops 6 Barely 25 have also been highly damaged Total 18654

Annex 3c: Estimated level of crop damage in Ofa woreda

No Type of crop Estimated level Total Remarks of damage (%) planted area for belg season (ha) 1 Maize 79 2,069 2 Haricot bean 70 174 3 Taro 50 63 4 Irish Potato 85 35 5 Sweet Potato 41 515 Total 2,856

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 53 AFET-22 Appeal

Annex -5 -Planned EGS Activities and Expected beneficiaries' EECMY/NCA areas of operation

Woreda EGS Planned Activities By Woreda Expected beneficiaries Roads Water point Seedlings Conservation Farm land Others maintenance production work preparation places preparation Konso 95 kms of 18 springs Nursery 300,000 pits 13,000 60m3 more than feeder roads protection, and arrangement preparation hectares construction 65,000 maintenance 15canal or trench for 300,000 for trees of farm materials people will digging/construction seedlings planting, & land collection be raising 15 kms preparation for water benefited. terracing development construction program. Amaro 80 kms of 15 springs 350,000 350,000 10,000 10 kms of more than feeder roads protection Seedlings trees hectares traditional 40,000 maintenance production planting pits of farm irrigation people will places preparation land canals be benefited preparation preparation construction Alata 75 kms of 13 springs Nursery 350,000 9,300 More than Wondo feeder roads protection preparation trees hectares of 50,000 maintenance to raise planting pits farm fields people are about preparation preparation expected to 280,000 benefit. seedlings Dale 65 kms of 8 hand dug Nursery 200,000 7,000 About feeder roads wells maintenance preparation trees hectares of 35,000 maintenance & cleaning, and 17 to raise planting pits farm fields people are & springs protection about preparation preparation expected to construction 200,000 benefit seedlings Liban 35 kms 3 ponds about more than feeder road maintenance & 2 1,000 10,000 clearing & cisterns cleaning hectares of people will maintenance farm land benefit. preparation Filtu 40 kms of 2 ponds 2,200 collection of About feeder roads maintenance & hectares of 50 m3 10,000 clearing & cleaning farm land materials & people will maintenance preparation construction benefit of more than 900 living huts

Ethiopia – Assistance to Drought Affected 54 AFET-22 Appeal

Annex -7: list of medicines and equipment needed to be purchased for relief project, Menna- Hangetu No List of Drugs Quantity Unit Total price price/cost 1 Ampicilline 500mg of 500 caps 10 tin 214.24 2142.40 2 Amoxicilline 500mg of 500 caps 10 tin 208.35 2083.50 3 Paracetamol 500mg of 1000 tabs 8 tin 38.60 308.80 4 Paracetamol Syrup of 125ml/ bottle 250 bottle 8.50 2125 5 ASA 300mg tab of 1000 tabs 5 tin 22.14 110.70 6 ASA 100mg tabs of 1000 tabs 5 tin 77 385 7 CAF 250mg Capsules of 1000 caps 15 tin 162.90 2443.5 8 TTC eye ointment 1% of 100 tubes 5 box of 500 1.80 900 9 Doxycline 100mg tabs of 1000 tabs 7 tin 214.20 14499.4 10 Cotrimoxazole 480mg tab of 1000 tabs 15 tin 114.24 1713.60 11 Ampicilline 250mg/5ml susp/syrup 300 bottles 11.13 3339 12 Amoxicilline 250mg/5ml susp/syrup 300 bottles 11.55 3465 13 Cotrimoxazole 240/5ml susp/syrup 300 bottles 9.95 2985 14 Metronidazole 250mg capsule of 1000 5 tin 69 345 15 Tinidazole 500mg of 240 tabs 3 box 202.2 606.6 16 Vitamine B Complex 1000 tabs 7 57.15 400.05 17 Diypron inj. 2ml of 100 amp. 3 93 279 18 Syrings with needles /10cc/, 5ml,2ml 10 boy 67.15 671.5 19 Mebendazole 100mg tab of 500 tabs 20 tin 26.80 536 20 Cloxacilline 500mg of 1000 capsules 5 tin 1000 5000 21 Erythromycine 500mg of 1000 tabs 5 tin 940 4700 22 Fansider 525 of 1000 tabs 5 tin 2000 10,000 23 Chloriquine 250mg of 1000 tabs 5 tin 74 370 24 Quinine 300mg of 1000 tabs 2 100 200 25 Quinine inj. of 100 amp 2 200 400 26 ORS100 sachets 20 box 105 2100 27 BBL 25% of 100 bottles 20 box 198 3960 28 Gentamicine 80mg of 100 amp 8 box 125 1000 29 Fetol of 1000 tabs 10 tin 599 5990 30 Dextrose 40% of 10 ampu 30 box 35 1050 31 Rolling bandage 100 Roll 1.26 126 32 Adhesiue plaster 4 box 58.68 234.72 33 Medicine envelopes 4 box 31.64 126.56 34 Sulphon Qintment 200 tubes 3.91 782 35 Worm expel of 30ml 200 bottle 3.00 600 36 Al(0H)3+M.T.S/Aluminum hydroxide & 20 tin 45.76 915.2 Magnesium trisilcate 37 Sphygmomanometer 2 pic 299.25 598.5 38 Stetoscope 2 pic 89.25 178.5 39 Thermometer 6 pic 5.65 33.9 40 Ferrous gluconate 3 tin 157.73 473.19 Total 78,177.62