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Environmental Report for the Site Development Plan 2019 for the German Baltic Sea - Unofficial Translation

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Environmental Report for the Site Development Plan 2019 for the German Baltic Sea - Unofficial Translation Environmental Report for the Site Development Plan 2019 for the German Baltic Sea - unofficial translation - Hamburg, June 28th, 2019 © Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie Hamburg und Rostock 2019 BSH-No. 7608 All Rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the BSH. Photos: BSH, Miriam Müller Content I Content 1 Introduction 15 1.1 Legal basis and tasks of the environmental assessment 15 1.2 Brief description of the content and most important objectives of the Site Development Plan 16 1.3 Tiered planning procedures – relationship to other relevant plans, programmes and projects (environmental assessment at the appropriate planning level) 18 1.3.1 Introduction 18 1.3.2 Maritime spatial planning (EEZ) 22 1.3.3 Land development plan 23 1.3.4 Site investigation 25 1.3.5 Approval procedure (planning approval and planning permission procedure) for offshore wind turbines 26 1.3.6 Approval procedure for grid connections (converter platforms and submarine cable systems) 27 1.3.7 Interconnectors 28 1.3.8 Summary overviews of environmental assessments 29 1.4 Presentation and consideration of environmental protection objectives 36 1.4.1 International conventions on the protection of the marine environment 36 1.4.2 Environmental and nature conservation requirements at EU level 39 1.4.3 Environmental and nature conservation requirements at national level 42 1.4.4 The Federal Government's energy and climate conservation aims 44 1.5 Strategic Environmental Assessment methodology 46 1.5.1 Introduction 46 1.5.2 Area of investigation 47 1.5.3 Carrying out the environmental assessment 48 1.5.4 Criteria for status description and assessment 51 1.5.5 Specific assumptions for assessment of likely significant environmental effects 56 1.5.6 Fundamentals of the assessment of alternatives 61 II Content 1.6 Data sources and indications of difficulties in compiling the documents 62 1.6.1 Overview of data source 63 1.6.2 Indications of difficulties in compiling the documents 63 2 Description and assessment of state of the environment 66 2.1 Introduction 66 2.2 Soil/Area 66 2.2.1 Protected asset Land 66 2.2.2 Data availability 66 2.2.3 Geomorphology 66 2.2.4 Sediment distribution on the seabed 67 2.2.5 Geological structure of the near-surface subsoil 67 2.2.6 Distribution of pollutants in the sediment 70 2.2.7 Status estimation 71 2.3 Water 74 2.3.1 Currents 74 2.3.2 Swell and water level fluctuations 76 2.3.3 Surface temperature and temperature stratification 76 2.3.4 Surface salinity and salinity stratification 77 2.3.5 Ice conditions 79 2.3.6 Suspended matter and turbidity 80 2.3.7 Status assessment with regard to nutrient and pollutant distribution 81 2.4 Plankton 85 2.4.1 Data availability and monitoring programmes 85 2.4.2 Spatial distribution and temporal variability of phytoplankton 86 2.4.3 Spatial distribution and temporal variability of zooplankton 88 2.4.4 Status assessment of plankton 91 2.5 Biotopes 96 2.5.1 Data availability 96 2.5.2 Biotopes in the German Baltic Sea 97 2.5.3 Legally protected marine biotopes according to section 30 of the Federal Nature Conservation Act and FFH habitat types 98 Content III 2.5.4 Status estimation 101 2.6 Benthos 102 2.6.1 Data availability 103 2.6.2 Spatial distribution and temporal variability 103 2.6.3 Status assessment of the factor Benthos 115 2.7 Fish 120 2.7.1 Data availability 122 2.7.2 Spatial distribution and temporal variability 122 2.7.3 Status assessment of the factor Fish 126 2.8 Marine mammals 135 2.8.1 Data availability 135 2.8.2 Spatial distribution and temporal variability 136 2.8.3 Status assessment of the factor Marine mammals 142 2.9 Seabirds and resting birds 147 2.9.1 Data availability 148 2.9.2 Spatial distribution and temporal variability 148 2.9.3 Status assessment of seabirds and resting birds 156 2.10 Migratory birds 160 2.10.1 Data availability 160 2.10.2 Spatial distribution and temporal variability of migratory birds 161 2.10.3 Status assessment of the factor Migratory birds 177 2.11 Bats and bat migration 186 2.11.1 Data availability 187 2.11.2 Migration and migratory movements of bats over the Baltic Sea 187 2.11.3 Conservation status of potentially migratory bat species in countries adjacent to the Baltic Sea 190 2.11.4 Hazards to bats 192 2.12 Biodiversity 192 2.13 Air 193 2.14 Climate 193 2.15 Scenery 194 2.16 Cultural heritage and other material assets 194 IV Content 2.17 Human beings, including human health 194 2.18 Interrelationships between the factors 195 3 Likely evolution without implementation of the plan 197 3.1 Soil/Area 198 3.2 Water 199 3.3 Plankton 199 3.4 Biotopes 200 3.5 Benthos 200 3.6 Fish 201 3.7 Marine mammals 202 3.8 Seabirds and resting birds 202 3.9 Migratory birds 202 3.10 Bats and bat migration 203 3.11 Biodiversity 203 3.12 Air 204 3.13 Climate 204 3.14 Scenery 204 3.15 Cultural heritage and other material assets 205 3.16 Human beings, including human health 206 3.17 Interrelationships between the factors 206 4 Description and assessment of the likely significant effects of the implementation of the Site Development Plan on the marine environment 207 4.1 Soil/Area 207 4.1.1 Areas, sites and platforms 207 4.1.2 Submarine cabling systems 209 4.2 Benthos 212 4.2.1 Areas and sites 212 4.2.2 Platforms 213 4.2.3 Submarine cabling systems 214 4.3 Biotopes 217 4.3.1 Areas and sites 217 Content V 4.3.2 Platforms 217 4.3.3 Submarine cabling systems 218 4.4 Fish 218 4.4.1 Areas and sites 218 4.4.2 Platforms 219 4.4.3 Submarine cabling systems 221 4.5 Marine mammals 222 4.5.1 Areas, sites and platforms 222 4.5.2 Submarine cabling systems 227 4.6 Seabirds and resting birds 228 4.6.1 Areas and sites 228 4.6.2 Platforms 230 4.6.3 Submarine cabling systems 230 4.7 Migratory birds 231 4.7.1 Areas and sites 232 4.7.2 Platforms 235 4.7.3 Submarine cabling systems 235 4.8 Bats and bat migration 236 4.8.1 Areas and sites 236 4.8.2 Platforms 236 4.8.3 Submarine cabling systems 236 4.9 Climate 236 4.10 Scenery 237 4.10.1 Areas and sites 237 4.10.2 Platforms 237 4.11 Interdependency 237 4.12 Cumulative effects 239 4.12.1 Soil/Area, benthos and biotopes 239 4.12.2 Fish 241 4.12.3 Marine mammals 241 4.12.4 Seabirds and resting birds 242 4.12.5 Migratory birds 243 VI Content 4.13 Transboundary impacts 247 5 Assessment of wildlife conservation regulations 248 5.1 Marine mammals 248 5.1.1 Section 44 subsection 1 no. 1 of the Federal Nature Conservation Act (prohibition of injury and killing) 248 5.1.2 Section 44 subsection 1 no. 2 of the Federal Nature Conservation Act (prohibition of disturbance) 250 5.2 Avifauna (seabirds, resting birds and migratory birds) 255 5.2.1 Section 44 subsection 1 no. 1 of the Federal Nature Conservation Act (prohibition of injury and killing) 256 5.2.2 Section 44 subsection 1 no. 2 of the Federal Nature Conservation Act (prohibition of disturbance) 257 5.3 Bats 259 5.3.1 Section 44 subsection 1 no. 1 and no. 2 of the Federal Nature Conservation Act 259 6 Assessment of the implications 260 6.1 Legal basis 260 6.2 Impact assessment of the Site Development Plan with respect to the habitat types 262 6.2.1 Assessment of implications with the conservation objective of the nature conservation area "Pomeranian Bight – Rönnebank" 262 6.2.2 Impact assessment of planned cable routes on the conservation objective of the nature conservation area "Fehmarn Belt" 263 6.3 Impact assessment of the Site Development Plan for protected species 263 6.3.1 Impact assessment of areas, sites and submarine cable systems on the conservation objective of the "Pomeranian Bight – Rönnebank" nature conservation area 263 6.3.2 Impact assessment of areas, sites, platforms and submarine cable systems on the conservation objective of the "Fehmarn Belt" nature conservation area 266 6.3.3 Impact assessment of areas, sites, platforms and submarine cable systems on the conservation objective of the "Kadetrinne" nature conservation area 267 6.4 Natura 2000 areas outside the German EEZs 268 6.5 Results of the assessment of the implications 270 Content VII 7 Overall plan evaluation 271 8 Measures to prevent, mitigate and offset significant negative effects of the Site Development Plan on the marine environment 272 8.1 Introduction 272 8.2 Areas and sites for offshore wind turbines 273 8.3 Platforms 274 8.4 Submarine cabling systems 276 9 Investigated alternatives 277 9.1 Zero alternative 277 9.2 Strategic alternatives 278 9.3 Spatial alternatives 278 9.3.1 Examination of alternatives for areas 279 9.3.2 Comparison of the sites with one another 280 9.4 Technical alternatives 285 10 Measures envisaged for monitoring the environmental impacts 287 10.1 Monitoring of potential effects of areas and sites for offshore wind turbines 289 10.2 Monitoring of potential effects of platforms 290 10.3 Monitoring of the potential effects of submarine cables 290 11 Non-technical summary 292 12 References 309 VIII Content List of figures Abbildung 1: Übersicht zum gestuften Planungs- und Zulassungsprozess im zentralen Modell.
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