EPSC Abstracts Vol. 13, EPSC-DPS2019-289-1, 2019 EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license.
The use of Multiple large-scale Surveys in Astrocladistics: The Jovian Trojans
Timothy R. Holt (1), Jonathan Horner (1), David Nesvorný (2), Rachel King (1), Brad Carter(1) and Christopher Tylor (1) (1) Center of Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, Australia, (2) Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO. USA. ([email protected])
Abstract 2. Astrocladistical methodology
Cladistics is a multivariate analysis technique most of- Astrocladistical methodology begins with the creation ten used in the biological sciences. Recent advances of a 2D matrix. In the rows are the objects of inter- have brought this method to Astronomy, forming a est, in this case the Jovian Trojans, with each column new discipline, Astrocladistics. The technique uses representing a specific characteristic. The characteris- clustering analysis to link closely related objects, and tics are the dynamical proper elements (∆a, e & sin-i) presents the resulting hypothetical relationships based [8], calculated librations, geometric albedo and col- on their characteristics. We apply Astrocladistics to ors from three surveys, WISE [3], SDSS [7] and Gaia the Jovian Trojans, a population known to contain at DR2 [12]. Characteristics for each Trojan are binned least six collisional families, to further demonstrate the and coded, with incomplete data accounted for with a technique in the planetary sciences. Through this anal- ?. In total there are 349 L4 Trojans and 351 L5 Trojans ysis, we can incorporate dynamical information, as analysed, selected for having data in at least one of the well as datasets from three surveys, WISE, SDSS and surveys. Once constructed, a block of 10,000 equally Gaia DR2, without truncating datasets. The resulting parsimonious trees are generated using TNT [2]. A dendritic trees identify members of existing collisional consensus of the trees [9] then represents the hypothe- families, and can be compared with other taxonomic sised relationships between the Jovian Trojans. systems. This is preparation for the future datasets, including the release of Gaia DR3 and other next gen- 3. L4 and L5 Trees eration surveys, such as LSST. In each of the L4 and L5 consensus trees, the respec- tive identified families can be seen. We show the ex- 1. Introduction ample of the extended Eurybates family in figure 1. The core family is identified, with the rest of the ex- Modern cladistics began in the mid 20th century [4] tended family shown. Within this extended family, and rapidly became the methodology of choice for bi- new groupings may be seen, for example around 9817 ological taxonomy. Today, the discipline has expanded Thersander, that have not been previously identified. to include genetic analysis, with large datasets giv- ing us a clear understanding of the ‘Tree of Life’ [6]. There have been recent efforts to expand the cladisti- 4. Future Work cal technique into Astronomy, collectively called ‘As- Astrocladistics can be used to combine the analysis of trocladistics’ [1]. These works include investigations disparate survey databases. As we move into the new into the satellite systems of Jupiter and Saturn [5]. In era of large sky surveys, the technique could be used order to expand the use of Astrocladistics in planetary to analyse even larger datasets. Gaia DR3, which is sciences, we chose the Jovian Trojans as a test case to be released in late 2021, will incorporate more col- for the technique. The Jovian Trojans are a population ors and a wider range of Solar system objects. LSST of approximately 7000 known small bodies, located at [11], which is to gain first light in 2020 will provide a the L4 and L5 Lagrange points of Jupiter. Within the plethora of information regarding estimations of mil- two swarms, six collisional families have been iden- lions of Solar system objects. Astrocladistics, being tified [10], four in the L4 swarm and two in the L5 parallelizable on HPC systems [2], is well suited to swarm. these large forms of data analysis. Outgroup
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5. Summary and9 9 .9 .9 Conclusions Acknowledgements
9 9
9 9 9 9
0 0 24275 (1999 XW167) 6
6 6 9 9 9 0
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6
6 9 9
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.
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6
6
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9 9 9 24357 (2000 AC115) This research was supported by the USQ’s SRI pro- . .
9 9
. . .
9
9
9 9
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6
6 6
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9
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9
.
.
ships between organisms.. We expand the use of the
.9 9 9 .9 gram. TRH was supported by the Australian Govern-
9 9 9
9 9 9
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6 9
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.
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.
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0 0 technique in the planetary6 0 sciences, 37298 (2001 specifically BU80) the 6 9 0 0
6 9 9
6 9
6 9 ment Research Training Program Scholarship. TNT is
.
. .
.
9 .
9 9 9
9 9 9
9 9 9
0 0 0 20995 (1985 VY) 6 9 0 0
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6 9
6 9
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9 9 9
9 9 9
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0
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6
6 9 9
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. .
9 9 6 6
Jovian Trojans, adding to the9 6 field of Astrocladistics. 9 9 6 6 subsidized by the Willi Hennig Society.
0 0
0
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6
6 7 7
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3 21601 (1998 XO89) 3 3 9 9 9
3
3
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.
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9 9 9
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9 9
By incorporating data from three6 6 . . . surveys, WISE [3],
.9 .9
9 9 9
9 9 9
9 9
6 9 9 9
6
6 11397 (1998 XX93) 6 9 9
6
9 9
9
9 9 1 1
1
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6
6 6
6 15539 (2000 CN3) 6 SDSS [7] and Gaia DR2 [12] we can 53436 improve(1999 VB154) our un- 137879 (2000 AJ114)
1 1
1
1 1
0 0
0
0 0 13463 Antiphos (5159 T-2)
.
.
.
derstanding of these objects.. This work establishes a
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7 7 103989 (2000 DC94) [11] Schwamb, M. E. et al.: Large Synoptic Survey Tele- scope Solar System Science Roadmap. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.01783 2018 Figure 1: Consensus tree showing extended Eurybates family. Identified members shown in green, with the [12] Spoto, F. et al.: Gaia Data Release 2: Observations of solar system objects. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 616, core family highlighted. A potential Thersander group A13. 2018 is highlighted in blue. Numbers at each node represent the frequency of the branch in the tree block.