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Entry Task: Question About Lewis & Clark? Talk with Your Table and Decide on One to Ask. Announcements: -Letters Are Due

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Entry Task: Question about Lewis & Clark? Talk with your table and decide on one to ask. Announcements: -Letters are due tomorrow!!! Why do you think young men 1810-1812 were eager for war (never fought in Revolution)? Who was Uncle Sam? Sam Wilson provided goods to the US Army during the War of 1812 Referred to anything that came as a gift from the gov’t 1832 – 1st Political cartoon Oh Say Can You See… Francis Scott Key witnessed the bombardment of Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814 and penned a poem which becomes the National Anthem. Washington D.C. burned! In August 1814, British Forces Sailed into Chesapeake Bay and capture Washington D.C. They burn the White House and the Capitol Madison and Congress Barely escape August 1814: White House & Capitol Torched! . Causes of the WAR of1812 . #1: Maritime Issues War between England & France Causes of the War: impressment Impressment An act of kidnapping a ship, its contents, men, and forcing them into your navy Impressment of American sailors: British: 10,000 sailors, 1,000 ships French: 500 ships Chesapeake Affair British navy was looking for deserters Chesapeake Affair June 1807 – USS Chesapeake (US merchant ship) – 10 miles off the coast of Virginia British Leopard fired 3 shots at the Chesapeake 3 American sailors killed, 18 wounded, others impressed Causes of the War of 1812: #2 Failure of Economic Diplomacy Jefferson, avoiding war, passes the EMBARGO ACT 1807 – halts ALL trade with Europe What effect do you think this will have? “Dambargo” “Our ships all in motion, Once whiten’d the ocean; They sail’d and return’d with a Cargo; Now doom’d to decay They are fallen a prey, To Jefferson, worms and EMBARGO.” Continuing Saga… Embargo Act is repealed by Jefferson Replaced with the Non-Intercourse Act Macon’s Bill #2 – who will repeal trade restrictions? WINNER – FRANCE! Causes of the War of 1812 - #3 Conflict with Native Americans Tecumseh & Tenskwatawa White settlers in the old Northwest = insatiable appetite for LAND What were options for the Native Americans??? Tecumseh – Shawnee leader who forms Confederacy Tenskwatawa, “the Prophet” – Religious leader, Tecumseh’s brother Battle of Tippecanoe General William Henry Harrison (Gov. of Indiana Territory) fights the “Prophet” (1811) Native Americans’ guns came from Great Britain This made Harrison a national hero! [1840 election Tippecanoe & Tyler, too!] British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh Causes of the War of 1812: #4 War Hawks War Hawks: Southern/Western congressmen favored war, even though it hurt the east Henry Clay – Kentucky John C. Calhoun – South Carolina Convince the majority of congressmen to vote in favor of this "second struggle for liberty” Canada could be taken merely by “marching in” What were some of the benefits of going to war with Britain? To allow reopening of trade To stop the impressment of sailors National Pride CANADA!!! What were some drawbacks to going to war? Many opposed to war (New England) Military was small Standing Army was small Militia did not like to fight outside of their state borders Navy was quite small - only 22 ships (Br - 800 ships) Britain was a great Superpower - we could lose territory that was gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase Jefferson Farewell Enter James Madison “Father of the Constitution” - Considered the most important contributor to the Constitution Madison was an author of 30 of the 81 the Federalist Papers Jefferson did not want to run for a 3rd term Madison was Jefferson’s Secretary of State Dolly Madison: the President’s Greatest Asset Declaration of War On June 1, 1812, President James Madison sent the "war message" to Congress. Vote was split along regional lines House of Representatives quickly voted (79 to 49) Senate by 19 to 13. June 18 – War was declared WAR BEGINS! War begins with Invasion of Canada Theaters of War: Oceans East Coast Long Frontier (Great Lakes) Gulf of Mexico Native Americans take sides… UNITED STATES: Choctaw, Cherokee, Creek (allies) BRITISH EMPIRE: Canadian provinces, Shawnee, Creek Red Sticks, Ojihway, Chickamauga, Fox, Miami, Mingo, Ottawa, Kickapoo, Delaware, Mascouten, Potawatomi, Sauk, Wyandot Key Battles – p. 204 in your book US Burns York (now Toronto) US figured the Canadians would welcome the Americans and quickly join the US to expel Britain from North America…this did not happen Commodore Perry Defeated the British on Lake Erie (15-ship naval battle on a Great Lake!) This gave the US control of Lake Erie "WE HAVE MET THE ENEMY AND THEY ARE OURS.” – Battle of Thames follows, Tecumseh killed Britain Blockades the Eastern Seaboard This prevented shipping from leaving, and made the war even MORE unpopular in the Northeast Jackson’s Florida Campaigns Treaty of Ghent Treaty was Negotiated in Europe and was signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1812 Basically restored pre-war conditions The War ended in a stalemate, where no party gained or lost any territory. Official reports suggest British losses were 8,600 killed, wounded or missing, while the Americans suffered a total of about 11,300 casualties. Battle of New Orleans Fought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified) Why was New Orleans important? Pirates and Frontiersman fought alongside US troops Made Andrew Jackson a National hero and household name Ensured treaty ratification Battle of New Orleans, 1815 If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it important? Gave the United States a National Identity Americans were able to hold their own against the British • 3 War heroes eventually become President – Harrison, Jackson, and Taylor Continued westward expansion (at the Native Americans’ expense) Ended bad feelings toward the British END of the Federalist Party New England opposes the war & trades with the enemy “... Ever since the report of the Committee on Foreign relations came into the House, we have heard but one word - like the whip-poor-will, but one monotonous tone - Canada! Canada! Canada!“ Hartford Convention Dec.1814 – discussed secession Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the Western Frontiersmen Native Americans had backed the wrong side and therefore had the biggest overall loss Can anyone claim victory? Canada! 10 American armies crossed into Canada and were all driven out. Quote #1 "The War of 1812 was a waste of resources and human lives. It was entered into rashly and poorly fought. The treaty that brought the war to an end resolved nothing." - Historian Quote #2 "The war has renewed and reinstated the national feelings and character which the Revolution had given, and which were daily lessened. The people . are more American; they feel and act more as a nation; and I hope the permanency of the Union is thereby better secured." — Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin, 1816 Entry Task: Please fill out a Self-Eval for this week, Oct 27-31. Take out notes from yesterday to finish & turn in at the end! CARDS are at your table – please don’t write on them or throw them away! Lay out the cards – from MOST important to LEAST important As a group, write ONE white board explaining WHY you chose this way as a group (using TWO of the examples/cards). .
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