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In Search of the Indiana Lenape
IN SEARCH OF THE INDIANA LENAPE: A PREDICTIVE SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT OF THE LENAPE LIVING ALONG THE WHITE RIVER IN INDIANA FROM 1790 - 1821 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY JESSICA L. YANN DR. RONALD HICKS, CHAIR BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA DECEMBER 2009 Table of Contents Figures and Tables ........................................................................................................................ iii Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Research Goals ............................................................................................................................ 1 Background .................................................................................................................................. 2 Chapter 2: Theory and Methods ................................................................................................. 6 Explaining Contact and Its Material Remains ............................................................................. 6 Predicting the Intensity of Change and its Effects on Identity................................................... 14 Change and the Lenape .............................................................................................................. 16 Methods .................................................................................................................................... -
War and Legitimacy: the Securement of Sovereignty in the Northwest Indian War
i ABSTRACT WAR AND LEGITIMACY: THE SECUREMENT OF SOVEREIGNTY IN THE NORTHWEST INDIAN WAR During the post-revolution period, the newfound constitutional government of the United States faced a crisis of sovereignty and legitimacy. The Old Northwest region, encompassing what is now Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, was disputed between several groups. The U.S. government under George Washington claimed the region and sought to populate the land with white settlers, British officials in North America wished to reestablish British hegemony in the Ohio River valley and Native-Americans wished to protect their ancestral homeland from foreign invasion. In the 1790s, war broke out between a British backed alliance of Native tribes and the United States of America. Historians have named this conflict the Northwest Indian War. Examining government records, personal correspondences between Washington administration officials and military commanders, as well as recollections of soldiers, officials and civilians this thesis explores the geopolitical causes and ramifications of the Northwest Indian War. These sources demonstrate how the war was a reflection of a crisis which threatened the legitimacy to American sovereignty in the West. Furthermore, they also demonstrate how the use of a professional federal standing army was used by Washington’s government to secure American legitimacy. Michael Anthony Lipe August 2019 ii WAR AND LEGITIMACY: THE SECUREMENT OF SOVEREIGNTY IN THE NORTHWEST INDIAN WAR by Michael Anthony Lipe A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History in the College of Social Sciences California State University, Fresno August 2019 APPROVED For the Department of History: We, the undersigned, certify that the thesis of the following student meets the required standards of scholarship, format, and style of the university and the student's graduate degree program for the awarding of the master's degree. -
History of Mingo Junction
History Of Mingo Junction Let us go back in history and follow the trail English claimed their charters granted them all the that emerges out of the dim past of the 1600's. The land from "sea to sea." first steps can be guided only by a misty thread of During this conflict, the Indian tribes had their legend. From the shores of the Great Lakes to the claims to the Ohio Valley and were also fighting North were the homes of many Indian tribes. among themselves. Before the English arrived at Data has been obtained as to the race of people Jamestown, the Iroquois had completely subjugated inhabiting what now constitutes the state of Ohio. the Delawares, who, with other tribes of Pennsyl- This territory, between Lake Erie on the north and vania, were ruled by a chief sent by the Iroquois the Ohio River on the south, was a vast wilderness for that purpose. Among them was the Cayuga chief covered with deep, dense wooded hills and great Skikellmus, father of the famous Chief Logan, who rivers. was born at Shomokin on the Susquehanna. With the discovery of America by Columbus in One writer says, "At the commencement of the 1492 and then nearly two hundred years later the eighteenth century, the territory now Ohio was English settlement at Jamestown in 1607, these derelect except for the indomitable Indians of the English colonies grew and prospered along the North, who made it a trail of further hostilities or Atlantic Coast from Massachusetts to the tip of roamed its hunting grounds." But it is certain that Florida to the south. -
The Emergence and Decline of the Delaware Indian Nation in Western Pennsylvania and the Ohio Country, 1730--1795
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2005 The emergence and decline of the Delaware Indian nation in western Pennsylvania and the Ohio country, 1730--1795 Richard S. Grimes West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Grimes, Richard S., "The emergence and decline of the Delaware Indian nation in western Pennsylvania and the Ohio country, 1730--1795" (2005). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 4150. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/4150 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Emergence and Decline of the Delaware Indian Nation in Western Pennsylvania and the Ohio Country, 1730-1795 Richard S. Grimes Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Mary Lou Lustig, Ph.D., Chair Kenneth A. -
Native Americans, Europeans, and the Raid on Pickawillany
ABSTRACT “THE LAND BELONGS TO NEITHER ONE”: NATIVE AMERICANS, EUROPEANS, AND THE RAID ON PICKAWILLANY In 1752, the Miami settlement at Pickawillany was attacked by a force of Ottawa and Chippewa warriors under the command of a métis soldier from Canada. This raid, and the events that precipitated it, is ideally suited to act as a case study of the role of Native American peoples in the Ohio Country during the first half of the eighteenth century. Natives negotiated their roles and borders with their British and French neighbors, and chose alliances with the European power that offered the greatest advantage. Europeans were alternately leaders, partners, conquerors and traders with the Natives, and exercised varying levels and types of control over the Ohio Country. Throughout the period, each of the three groups engaged in a struggle to define their roles in regards to each other, and to define the borders between them. Pickawillany offers insights into this negotiation. It demonstrates how Natives were not passive victims, but active, vital agents who acted in their own interest. The events of the raid feature a number of individuals who were cultural brokers, intermediaries between the groups who played a central, but tenuous, role in negotiations. It also exhibits the power of ritual violence, a discourse of torture and maiming that communicated meanings to friends and rivals alike, and whose implications shaped the history of the period and perceptions of Natives. Luke Aaron Fleeman Martinez May 2011 “THE LAND BELONGS TO NEITHER ONE”: -
Floods of August and September 2004 in Eastern Ohio: FEMA Disaster Declaration 1556
Floods of August and September 2004 in Eastern Ohio: FEMA Disaster Declaration 1556 By Andrew D. Ebner, David E. Straub, and Jonathan D. Lageman In cooperation with the Ohio Emergency Management Agency Open-File Report 2008–1291 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Ebner, A.D., Straub, D.E., and Lageman, J.D., 2008, Floods of August and September 2004 in eastern Ohio— FEMA Disaster Declaration 1556: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008–1291, 104 p. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 -
Along the Ohio Trail
Along The Ohio Trail A Short History of Ohio Lands Dear Ohioan, Meet Simon, your trail guide through Ohio’s history! As the 17th state in the Union, Ohio has a unique history that I hope you will find interesting and worth exploring. As you read Along the Ohio Trail, you will learn about Ohio’s geography, what the first Ohioan’s were like, how Ohio was discovered, and other fun facts that made Ohio the place you call home. Enjoy the adventure in learning more about our great state! Sincerely, Keith Faber Ohio Auditor of State Along the Ohio Trail Table of Contents page Ohio Geography . .1 Prehistoric Ohio . .8 Native Americans, Explorers, and Traders . .17 Ohio Land Claims 1770-1785 . .27 The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 . .37 Settling the Ohio Lands 1787-1800 . .42 Ohio Statehood 1800-1812 . .61 Ohio and the Nation 1800-1900 . .73 Ohio’s Lands Today . .81 The Origin of Ohio’s County Names . .82 Bibliography . .85 Glossary . .86 Additional Reading . .88 Did you know that Ohio is Hi! I’m Simon and almost the same distance I’ll be your trail across as it is up and down guide as we learn (about 200 miles)? Our about the land we call Ohio. state is shaped in an unusual way. Some people think it looks like a flag waving in the wind. Others say it looks like a heart. The shape is mostly caused by the Ohio River on the east and south and Lake Erie in the north. It is the 35th largest state in the U.S. -
How Native Racial Practice Affected Kinship in the Borderlands of the Old Northwest, 1778-1813 Alexis Helen Smith University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations August 2014 A Different Kind of Race: How Native Racial Practice Affected Kinship in the Borderlands of the Old Northwest, 1778-1813 Alexis Helen Smith University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the History Commons, and the Indigenous Studies Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Alexis Helen, "A Different Kind of Race: How Native Racial Practice Affected Kinship in the Borderlands of the Old Northwest, 1778-1813" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. 763. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/763 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A DIFFERENT KIND OF RACE: HOW NATIVE RACIAL PRACTICE AFFECTED KINSHIP IN THE BORDERLANDS OF THE OLD NORTHWEST, 1778-1813 by Alexis Smith A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee August 2014 ABSTRACT A DIFFERENT KIND OF RACE: HOW NATIVE RACIAL PRACTICE AFFECTED KINSHIP IN THE BORDERLANDS OF THE OLD NORTHWEST, 1778-1813 by Alexis Smith The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2014 Under the Supervision of Professor Benjamin H. Johnson This thesis discusses changes in native racial practice in the Ohio River Valley and lower Great Lakes from 1778-1813. In this region, Native peoples altered their identities and racial practices in order to navigate an environment where Euro-Americans threatened their way of life and their land. -
A Native History of Kentucky
A Native History Of Kentucky by A. Gwynn Henderson and David Pollack Selections from Chapter 17: Kentucky in Native America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia edited by Daniel S. Murphree Volume 1, pages 393-440 Greenwood Press, Santa Barbara, CA. 2012 1 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW As currently understood, American Indian history in Kentucky is over eleven thousand years long. Events that took place before recorded history are lost to time. With the advent of recorded history, some events played out on an international stage, as in the mid-1700s during the war between the French and English for control of the Ohio Valley region. Others took place on a national stage, as during the Removal years of the early 1800s, or during the events surrounding the looting and grave desecration at Slack Farm in Union County in the late 1980s. Over these millennia, a variety of American Indian groups have contributed their stories to Kentucky’s historical narrative. Some names are familiar ones; others are not. Some groups have deep historical roots in the state; others are relative newcomers. All have contributed and are contributing to Kentucky's American Indian history. The bulk of Kentucky’s American Indian history is written within the Commonwealth’s rich archaeological record: thousands of camps, villages, and town sites; caves and rockshelters; and earthen and stone mounds and geometric earthworks. After the mid-eighteenth century arrival of Europeans in the state, part of Kentucky’s American Indian history can be found in the newcomers’ journals, diaries, letters, and maps, although the native voices are more difficult to hear. -
Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio 1654-1843
Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio 1654-1843 Ohio Historical Society www.ohiohistory.org $4.00 TABLE OF CONTENTS Historical Background 03 Trails and Settlements 03 Shelters and Dwellings 04 Clothing and Dress 07 Arts and Crafts 08 Religions 09 Medicine 10 Agriculture, Hunting, and Fishing 11 The Fur Trade 12 Five Major Tribes of Ohio 13 Adapting Each Other’s Ways 16 Removal of the American Indian 18 Ohio Historical Society Indian Sites 20 Ohio Historical Marker Sites 20 Timeline 32 Glossary 36 The Ohio Historical Society 1982 Velma Avenue Columbus, OH 43211 2 Ohio Historical Society www.ohiohistory.org Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In Ohio, the last of the prehistoric Indians, the Erie and the Fort Ancient people, were destroyed or driven away by the Iroquois about 1655. Some ethnologists believe the Shawnee descended from the Fort Ancient people. The Shawnees were wanderers, who lived in many places in the south. They became associated closely with the Delaware in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Able fighters, the Shawnees stubbornly resisted white pressures until the Treaty of Greene Ville in 1795. At the time of the arrival of the European explorers on the shores of the North American continent, the American Indians were living in a network of highly developed cultures. Each group lived in similar housing, wore similar clothing, ate similar food, and enjoyed similar tribal life. In the geographical northeastern part of North America, the principal American Indian tribes were: Abittibi, Abenaki, Algonquin, Beothuk, Cayuga, Chippewa, Delaware, Eastern Cree, Erie, Forest Potawatomi, Huron, Iroquois, Illinois, Kickapoo, Mohicans, Maliseet, Massachusetts, Menominee, Miami, Micmac, Mississauga, Mohawk, Montagnais, Munsee, Muskekowug, Nanticoke, Narragansett, Naskapi, Neutral, Nipissing, Ojibwa, Oneida, Onondaga, Ottawa, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Peoria, Pequot, Piankashaw, Prairie Potawatomi, Sauk-Fox, Seneca, Susquehanna, Swamp-Cree, Tuscarora, Winnebago, and Wyandot. -
Myaamia Scholars Present Papers at the 43Rd Algonquian Conference By
RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED RETURN SERVICE MIAMI, OK 74355 MIAMI NATION An Official Publication of the Sovereign Miami Nation BOX 1326 P.O. STIGLER, OK 74462 PERMIT NO 49 PERMIT PAID US POSTAGE PR SRT STD PR SRT Vol. 10, No. 3 myaamionki teekwaaki 2011 Myaamia Scholars Present Papers at the 43rd Algonquian Conference By George Strack The 43rd Annual Algonquian Conference was held Oc- veloped through the collaborative efforts of the Myaamia tober 20-23, 2011 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Tribal mem- Project and Miami Tribe of Oklahoma. David presented on bers Dr. Wesley Leonard, George Ironstrack and Andrew his continuing research of language materials that he and Strack, along with Myaamia Project linguist Dr. David Daryl Baldwin are utilizing to develop language materials Costa, presented at this year’s conference. for our community. All four of the presentations illustrated The conference is held annually in various locations to conference attendees how the work of dedicated Miami throughout the United States and Canada and is intended tribal members and Myaamia Project staff, with the sup- to bring together a broad spectrum of community scholars port of the Miami Nation, has enabled the Myaamia lan- whose work focuses on the languages and cultures of Al- guage to once again to spoken and heard within our tribal gonquian peoples. community. Conference program and highlights can be Wes, George and Andrew gave separate presentations found on the website listed below. that highlighted the programs, activities and initiatives de- http://2011.algonquian.org/en/program/ TRIBAL NEWS Chief Reports Pg 2 Theobald Interns Pg 3 Winter Gathering Pg 3 Genomics Pg 6 Employee Spotlight Pg 9 Archery Grant Pg 12 Eiteljorg Pg 12 Community Artist, Cathy Mowry Pg 5 Member Spotlight: Eugene Brown Pg 7 Resource Advisory Pg 13 Deaths Pg 14 Births Pg 15 Culture & History Eewansaapita, OK Pg 4 Pictured above are Myaamia participants at the 43rd Algonquian Conference, held October 20-23 in Ann Arbor, MI. -
The Battle of Fallen Timbers and the Treaty of Fort Greeneville
A Thesis Entitled The Battle of Fallen Timbers and the Treaty of Fort Greeneville: Why Did Anthony Wayne Win Both and Could He Have Lost? By Bryce Dixon Blair Jr. Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Liberal Studies ____________________ Advisor: Dr. Alfred Cave ____________________ Committee Member: Dr. Michael Jakobson ____________________ Graduate School The University of Toledo May 2005 Acknowledgements This thesis project would have forever remained an uncompleted enigma without crucial support and assistance from several people. My first and most heartfelt thanks go to my wife, Cherie. She worked even harder as almost a single parent during the long hours of reading, research, and writing that quite often kept me away from the family. She left me alone when I needed privacy and solitude and she prodded me to varying degrees when I needed greater focus and motivation. She has also been my invaluable technical advisor for the art of computer science. Though they are too young to appreciate this now, I thank my two young children, Bryce and Eryn, for accepting an absent Dad at times. They provided me with love and attention and much needed respites from academic pursuits. I thank my parents, Bryce and Eleanor, who have always placed a strong emphasis on intelligence and education by example but have done so without judgement. My mother lent me a copy of James Thom’s Panther In The Sky about a dozen years ago and this helped to rejuvenate my interest in this historical era. Special credit is due my thesis committee: Dr.