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UZBEKISTAN Dushanbe TAJIKISTAN CHINA TURKMENISTAN Kunduz Mazar-i Sharif GILGIT- BALTISTAN (Administered by Pakistan) Kabul SWAT Mardan Srinagar Herat Abbottabad Jalalabad JAMMU & Swabi Islamabad PAKTIA Peshawar KASHMIR Ghazni (Administered by Khost Rawalpindi India) AFGHANISTAN Administered by Pakistan Jammu Federally PAKTIKA ZABUL Administered Lashkar Tribal Areas Lahore Amritsar Gah Kandahar PAKISTAN PUNJAB Quetta Multan Delhi IRAN INDIA Jaipur RAJASTHAN 0 kilometres 200 0miles 100 Hyderabad Karachi Disputed border Line of control Arabian Sea Main roads Afghanistan and Pakistan 44357.indd357.indd vviiiiii 118/03/148/03/14 55:12:12 PMPM TAJIKISTAN Federally Administered Tribal Areas Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province NORTHERN H Mastuj S U AREAS K U CHITRAL N D Gilgit H I Chitral Kalam AFGHANISTAN SWAT Dir KOHISTAN DIR BAJAUR SHANGLA Naran AGENCY BATTAGRAM MOHMAND MALAKAND MANSEHRA Jalalabad AGENCY AGENCY BUNER INDIA Kabul Khyber Pass MARDAN Mansehra CHARSADDA Landi Kotal SWABI ABBOTTABAD Peshawar KHYBER PESHAWAR Gardeyz Parachinar AGENCY NOWSHERA HARIPUR KURRAM ORAKZAI AGENCY Islamabad AGENCY Kohat Khowst HANGU KOHAT Rawalpindi ceasefire line Miram Shah Bannu KARAK NORTH WARZIRISTAN BANNU Kalabagh Razmak AGENCY LAKKI Mianwali THE PUNJAB MARWAT Jandola SOUTH WARZIRISTAN AGENCY TANK Wana PAKISTAN Dera Ismail Khan DERA ISMAIL KHAN Zhob 0 kilometres 80 050miles Former North West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province) and Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan 4357.indd ix 25/03/14 8:05 PM 1 Operations by British and Indian troops against the hostile Mahsud and other tribes on the Waziristan section of the Indian North West Frontier, 1937. 2 A hero of the anti-Soviet Afghan Jihad years, and persona non grata of today, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar remains hopeful about his future role. 3 Zia ul Haq, the man who redefined Pakistan, pushing the country away from the vision of Jinnah that was built around democracy, tolerance and pluralism. Behind him stands Chaudry Nisar Ali, interior minister under Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif since 2013. Zia’s legacy continues… 4 Rising from the ashes of the Mujahideen, once they were in the saddle the Taliban never looked back. 5 Taliban atrocities during their 1996–2001 reign were publicly condemned, such as at this rally in 2000 where members of the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan protested against them and all other fighting forces. Such voices, however, fell on deaf ears in Islamabad. 6 Jalaluddin Haqqani (right), leader of the Haqqani network, is Pakistan’s asset in tackling Indian influence in Afghanistan – if need be. 7 The hapless and clueless Taliban foot soldiers were ditched by their leaders and Al-Qaeda in the wake of the US military campaign in late 2001. 8 CDs and DVDs are consigned to the flames by a student of the Lal Masjid (Red Mosque) during an ‘anti-vice’ rally in 2007. The rise of Lal Masjid vigilantes in the capital city Islamabad, and the devastating consequences, still haunts Pakistan. 9 Benazir Bhutto, one of the most courageous Muslim leaders of modern times. She embraced death so that democracy could have a second chance in Pakistan. 10 Militant leader Baitullah Mehsud speaks to journalists from his South Waziristan stronghold, 2008. The media-savvy Pakistani Taliban are masters in the art of deception and propaganda. 11 The destruction of girls’ schools – such as this one in the Swat Valley, reduced to rubble in 2009 – is a favourite pastime of Taliban across the Pakistan–Afghanistan frontier. 12 Presidents Barack Obama, Hamid Karzai and Asif Ali Zardari, in 2009. Whether the umpteen trilateral heads of state meetings over the years actually helped build mutual trust between Kabul, Islamabad and Washington, DC, is doubtful. 13 Clearing the Swat Valley of militants in 2009 and bringing it back to life was one of the critical successes of Pakistan’s military. 14 The Taliban are increasingly active across social media, using it to aid recruitment and to spread misinformation, as well as to harass those who challenge their worldview. 15 Tangible progress: women in the Afghan police – something inconceivable under the Taliban rule. 16 Ostensibly, Angoor Adda’s is the last outpost in South Waziristan. Part of the evolving COIN/ counterterrorism tactics is ensuring that military patrol vehicles have no obvious army markings, sometimes even non-army colours – just the Pakistan flag and what the army calls the ‘national slogan’, ‘God is great’, as can be seen on this converted pickup truck used by the Frontier Corps’ 2nd Wing. 44357.indd357.indd x 118/03/148/03/14 55:12:12 PMPM.
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