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Redalyc.Participación Comunitaria En La Restauración Ecológica De La CienciaUAT ISSN: 2007-7521 [email protected] Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas México Zamora Tova, Carlos; Jiménez-Pérez, Jorge Leobardo; Cardona-Estrada, Américo; González-Romo, Claudia Elena; Garza-Torres, Héctor Arturo; Herrera Patiño, Gilberto; Sánchez Ramos, Gerardo Participación comunitaria en la restauración ecológica de la laguna Madre, Tamaulipas CienciaUAT, vol. 6, núm. 1, julio-septiembre, 2011, pp. 38-47 Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Ciudad Victoria, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=441942925009 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ISSN 2007-7521. 6(1): 38-47 (Jul-Sep 2011) •.Y • - ."Ci*-..47. •r * -."-:•• • . • • • • • Community paríicipation in the ecolo- gical restoration of the laguna Madre, Tamaulipas de la laguna Mtro. Carlos Zamora Tovar*, Ing. Jorge Leobardo Jiménez-Pérez, Ing. Américo Cardona-Estrada, ,„..•... Madre, Biól. Claudia Elena González-Romo, M.C. Héctor Arturo, Garza-Torres, Biól. Gilberto Herrerafatiño y - ■ Dr. Gerardo Sánchez Ramgs,instítuto de Ecología Aplicada, UAT. , ' ,- Tamaulipas * Autor responsable: [email protected] ..1.— -* -plantaciones de 6750 y 5335 individuos, respec- cal proporcionó una estrategia metodológica, al ' Se sintetizan los resultados de la restauración tivamente. La recreación de áreas de manglar incorporar las opiniones y decisiones comuni- ecológica efectuada en la porción cuenca de se inició al germinar las semillas de mangle tarias, mismas que, al unirlas con los conceptos Burgos de la laguna Madre, Tamaulipas. Con el blanco, negro y rojo; luego las plántulas se tras- ecológicos, propician una nueva forma de ver uso de metodologías integradas al paisaje y al plantaron en 20 unidades de propagación. Para la ecología. Los logros obtenidos repercutirán desarrollo comunitario, se cumplieron acciones el trabajo comunitario se elaboraron tres docu- positivamente sobre los recursos naturales pre- con la participación de los habitantes locales. mentos: un par titulado como "Plan de manejo sentes en más de 6000 hectáreas, aproximada- Para la recuperación y conservación de suelos, de los recursos naturales", específicos para mente. se instalaron 87 presas filtrantes, distribuidas dos comunidades; y el tercero "Diagnóstico del 'Y • • ,;.1* en 19 módulos demostrativos para cada sistema potencial ecoturístico del poblado Higuerillas- PALABRAS CLAVE de cárcavas, recuperando un promedio de 15 Mezquital". El vínculo con la sociedad permitió Restauración ecológica, recuperación y con- centímetros de suelo por presa. En la reforestación promover una conciencia ambiental en la po- servación de suelos, reforestación multi- del matorral espinoso tamaulipeco y la estabi- blación, encauzándolos hacia un mejor manejo propósito, desarrollo comunitario, cuenca de lización de dunas costeras, se establecieron de sus recursos naturales. Esta cooperación lo- Burgos. - • 38 CienciaUAT - 4:710 - de recaí:11W e aeosto de 2011. — - Fecha de aceptación: 31 de agosto de "ffillialany — • "l o 4411 • r ? fi r «ail • --,1 ‘, FIGURA 4 La instalación de presas filtrantes se realizéle forma conjunta con actividades de reforestación. Ejido Gral."Fra 1:wisco1 J. Mújica, municipio de San Fernando, Tamaulipas. ---ABSTRACT. This summarizes the results of ecological res- toration carried out in the Burgos basin portion of the Laguna Madre, Tamaulipas. With the use FIGURA 1 of integrated approaches to the landscape and : Panorámica de la laguna Madre, community development activities were com- Tamaulipas, porción cuenca de Burgos. pleted with the participation of the locals. For La présencia de Cárcavas derivadas de la the recovery and conservation of soil, 87 filtering - . erosión hídrica fue un sistema objetivo de la dams were installed, distributed in 19 demónstra- communities and the third "Diagnosis of ecotou- restauracióecológica.1 tion units for each system of gullies, recove- rism potential of the town-Vezquital Higuerillas." ring an average of 15 inches of soil per dam. In The link allowed society to promote environmen- KEY WORDS . _. -: the Tamaulipas thorn scrub reforestation and tal awareness among people, directing them to Ecological restoration, recovery and soi conser- stabilization of coastal lunes, plantations were better manage their natural resources. This local vation, multipurpose reforestation, community established with 6750 and 5335 individuals, res- cooperation provided a methodological strategy, development, Burgos Basin. pectively. The recreation of mangrove areas be- incorporating the views and community deci- gan to germinate seeds of white mangrove, black sions, same as, when coupled with ecological INTRODUCCIÓN and red, then seedlings were transplantad finto concepts, foster a new way of looking at ecology. La situación ambiental del mar y del litoral es 20 units of propagation. For community work de- The achievements have a positive impact on the una cuestión básica en los procesos globales veloped three documents: a pair titled "Plan for natural resources present in more than 6000 del planeta. Recientemente, las actividades de natural resource management", specific to both hectares approximately. restauración ecológica de zonas costeras han • CienciaUAT 39 ,• ••••■■-••• CienciaUAT. 6(1): 38-47 (Jul-Sep 2011). ISSN 2007-7521 ~• FIGURA 5 Ejemplos de la retención del suelo: ala izquierda por una planta de maguey, y a la derecha se representa el suelo acumulado en una presa filtrante medido en centímetros. cobrado fuerza en todo el mundo y, hoy día, son objeto de un reconocimiento político mayor en múltiples países, al ser considerados como los primeros ecosistemas sujetos a restauración, para así compensar la destrucción y adminis- tración deficiente del ambiente (Lindig y Zedler, 2005; Skotte,1999). Aseveración expuesta por los autores en el sentido de que el ser humano ha provocado a lo largo del tiempo —tanto pasado como actual— cambios drásticos sobre la estruc- tura de los humedales (eutroficación, alteración hidráulica, acidificación y contaminación quími- ••■ ca, presencia de especies invasoras, desecación y conversión del terreno y sus usos), con afecta- ciones y hasta pérdida de sus funciones y servi- cios ambientales, los cuales son muy provecho- sos para el hombre. Aunado, en parte, porque los humedales costeros son ecosistemas dinámicos, como también en el capítulo de libro Evolución bién resaltan las contribuciones más recientes que poseen atributos esenciales para conservar de las políticas públicas de restauración ambien- de Vázquez et al. (1999), Lindig y Vázquez (1997) la diversidad biológica y muchos constituyen un ta/ (Cervantes et al., 2008), y en el artículo "Las y Vázquez y Batis (1996). patrimonio cultural único. Además, por motivos políticas públicas de la restauración ambiental en Al mismo tiempo que resultan las primeras económicos y políticos al darse autorizaciones México: limitantes, avances, rezagos y retos" investigaciones mexicanas sobre restauración para llevar a cabo un proyecto de restauración. (Carabias et al., 2007). Si se consideran como ecológica, se menciona que el Dr. José Sarukhán La restauración ecológica combina múltiples base fundamental los avances científicos de la Kermez (exrrector de la UNAM), quien ha de- conocimientos con la finalidad de restablecer ecología, la restauración ecológica se ha con- sarrollado una destacada labor de investigación total o parcialmente los ecosistemas deteriora- vertido, desde finales de los años 1980, en un al ser pionero en el análisis ecológico, inició la dos; de tal forma que se compensen los daños argumento metodológico cada vez más consoli- promoción académica de esta disciplina, con- causados por las actividades humanas o bien dado para el manejo de los recursos naturales. tribuyendo considerablemente a la enseñanza por causas naturales (SER, 2004). Esta disciplina Las investigaciones de Aldo Leopold realizadas y conocimiento de este tema, fundamentán- requiere de la participación de las comunidades en 1935 en las praderas de Wisconsin (EE. UU.), dolo como un programa educativo universitario, locales y de un enfoque multidisciplinario inte- constituyen el inicio de la restauración ecológica generándose así un desarrollo institucional de grado. Consecuentemente, los restauradores y, con ello, el surgimiento de tal estudio, en el estructuras, normatividades, líneas y metodologías poseen nociones en diferentes tópicos, tales entendido de que el conocimiento que se aportó (Piñero, 2007). Entre sus publicaciones más como la erosión y desertificación, la sucesión establece los fundamentos científicos del resta- citadas al respecto destacan: Pennington y y dinámica de las comunidades vegetales y ani- blecimiento integral de los componentes y la Sarukhán, 1998; Maass et 81,1998; Carabias et males, los flujos de energía y los componentes funcionalidad del ecosistema (Carabias et al, al., 2006. socioeconómicos que subyacen en los disturbios 2007); aun cuando algunas prácticas, como la Actualmente la restauración ecológica ha ambientales; además, son capaces de reconocer reforestación y conservación del suelo, se realiza- comenzando a tener una mayor aplicación en la el tipo de perturbación a la que se enfrentan; ban desde años atrás. compensación de daños ambientales yen el cum- diseñar y llevar a cabo
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