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INFORMATION TO USERS This dissertation was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page{s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. University Microfilms 300 North Zeob Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 A Xerox Education Company 73-1983 DUBE, Pierre Herbert, 1943- THE INDIVIDUAL IN CHATEAUBRIAND'S UNIVERSE AS SEEN IN "LES AVENTURES DU DERNIER ABENCERAGE". [Portions of Text in French]. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1972 Language and Literature,modern University Microfilms, XEROXA Company , Ann Arbor, Michigan © 1972 PIERRE HERBERT DUBE ALL RIGHfS RESERVED THE INDIVIDUAL IN CHATEAUBRIAND'S UNIVERSE AS SEEN IN "LES AVENTURES DU DERNIER ABENCERAGE" DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Pierre Herbert Dube, B,A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1972 Approved by Adviser Department of Romance Languages PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company TO THE MEMORY OP MY FATHER ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to thank the many people whose time and patience made this disserta­ tion possible. Professor Robert D.C. Finch, of the University of Toronto, kindled my interest in Chateaubriand and always took great interest in my aca­ demic future. It is his inspiration and constant enthu­ siasm that guided me through the traumas of graduate work and led me to an appreciation of the greatness of nineteenth century French literature. Professor Cameron D.E. Tolton, also of the University of Toronto, was not only a very capable academic guide but also a close personal friend, who directed not only my undergraduate work but also my M.A. studies. He has the most desirable skill in a teacher of being able to criticize yet simultaneously encourage a student to persevere. He was always there when I needed help and I can only hope to be able to help other students the way he helped me. Professor Hugh M. Davidson's untiring efforts were perhaps most responsible for seeing this dissertation come to fruition as he first guided me on to the paths of computer-assisted literary criticism. I was his iii research assistant for four years and never lost my enthusiasm for the weekly meetings in his office to discuss our work. Professor Charles Carlut, my adviser, spent many hours studying and subsequently commenting on my manuscript. He encouraged me when I needed it the most, and the value of his countless suggestions, tactful criticism and constant friendship is immeasurable. I owe a very special debt to James D. Wagner of The Ohio State University. He spent two long years teaching me the skills of computer programming, in spite of what must have appeared to him as my immense lack of talent in such a scientific field. His friendship and patience, more than anyone's, helped shape ray future for years to come. A special word of recognition must go to my wife Ann, who not only put up with my ill humour during the writing of this dissertation but who also spent a great deal of time proof-reading and making very valuable contributions to its content and style. To all of these people I can only say thank you. Without their sacrifices and encouragement, my Ph. D. would not have been possible. I can only hope to follow their examples as I begin my career in University teaching. iv VITA August 23, 19^3 . Born - Toronto, Canada 1967 B.A., University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 1968 .......... M.A., University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 1967-68 ................ Teaching fellowship, University of Toronto. 1967-68 ................ Province of Ontario Government Scholarship 1968-70 ................ Teaching Associate, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio 1969-72 . ........... Research Associate, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio 1970-72 . ............. Canada Council for the Arts Dissertation fellowships 1968-70 ......... Taught summer courses in French culture and civiliza­ tion for the Ontario Department of Education FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field* French Literature Nineteenth Century French Literature. Professor Charles Carlut. The Practical Application of Computers in the Study of Literature. Mr. James D Wagner. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................ iii VITA ............................................. V INTRODUCTION ..................................... 1 Chapter I. THE PRESENT STATE OF STUDIES OF LES AVENTURES DU DERNIER ABENCERAGE ... 4 Publication of the Abencerage Interpretation of the Abencerage Conclusions II. THE HERO'S CIRCULAR UNIVERSE .......... 49 Horizontal Circles Vertical Circles The Circles of Solitude Interi ori zation III. THE QUESTt THE HERO IN THIS UNIVERSE . 91 The Hero's actions as a quest The theme of blindness The theme of Guides The Theme of Expectation IV. CIVILIZATIONi A LIVING ORGANISM WITHIN OUR UNIVERSE ................. 130 The theme of Relics The Theme of Signs Memory and Dreams The Themes of Life and Death V. FATALISMi THE HERO'S ACCEPTANCE OF HIS U N I V E R S E ..................... 167 The Themes of Dualism and Fire Dramatic Elements in the nouvelle The Theme of Water The Philosophy of this nouvelle vi vii VI. CONCLUSIONS............................. 188 APPENDIX A. PRESENT STATE OF STUDIES ON WHETHER CHATEAUBRIAND VISITED GRANADA ALONE ............................ 193 B. PREPARATION AND USE OF COMPUTER­ GENERATED CONCORDANCES ............. 215 The Concordance The Program The Analysis of the Concordance BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................... 231 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this dissertation is two-fold. It intends, first of all, to depart from the historical approach to Les Aventures du dernier Abencerage, wherein critics have limited their investigations to the sincerity of the author, and to provide, instead, a textual analy­ sis of the work. This thesis also aims to complement some of the important contemporary criticism of Chateaubriand. Jean-Pierre Richard's Pavsage de Chateaubriand and articles by Jean-Claude Berchet and Michael Riffaterre, although significant milestones in scholarship, have tended to be rather one-sided, concentrating on the author's negativity as seen through the themes of death, ruins, tombs and monuments, at the expense of an important concept of optimism in Chateaubriand's multi-faceted approach to life. The method used to achieve these aims is also two-fold. The first part was the creation, development and refinement of a computer-generated concordance designed to suit the needs of this particular work. The second was the formulation and subsequent implemen­ tation of a method of analysing the content of this concordance to its best advantage. This has involved a systematic study of all of the components of the condordance rather than a restricted investigation of a few key words selected at random. This dissertation will begin with a present state of studies of Les Aventures du dernier Abencerage to situate this examination in a perspective of all work already published on the work. Subsequent chapters will examine the themes and images in the nouvelle in an effort to show Man's position in regard to the universe in which he lives. The first chapter will attempt a definition of this universe and shall do so by carefully investigating the physical and figurative horizontal circles that surround the hero in the nouvelle. The second chapter will then explain the hero's movements and actions within this world by analysing the various types of voyages undertaken by him. Subsequently, the third chapter will define the author's concept of civilization as a living force by investigating the symbols of life past, present and future, found in this work. The final chapter will study the forces of fatalism exerted upon Man and will complete our defini­ tion of Man's role in this universe. There are two appendices at the end of this dissertation. The first is an extension of the present state of studies. Because of its length and secondary importance''to the reader, it was placed at the end so as not to allow the first chapter to attain unreasonable lengths. On the other hand, as it reflects the vast bulk of work done by scholars on Les Aventures du dernier Abencerage, it was impossible to assemble a proper present state of studies without including it and giving it proper consideration.

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