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The Teen Years Explained: a Guide to Healthy Adolescent Development

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The Teen Years Explained: a Guide to Healthy Adolescent Development T HE T EEN Y THE TEEN YEARS EARS EXPLAINED EXPLAINED A GUIDE TO THE TEEN YEARS EXPLAINED: HEALTHY A GUIDE TO HEALTHY ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT ADOLESCENT : By Clea McNeely, MA, DrPH and Jayne Blanchard ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT A GUIDE TO HEALTHY DEVELOPMENT The teen years are a time of opportunity, not turmoil. The Teen Years Explained: A Guide to Healthy Adolescent Development describes the normal physical, cognitive, emotional and social, sexual, identity formation, and spiritual changes that happen during adolescence and how adults can promote healthy development. Understanding these changes—developmentally, what is happening and why—can help both adults and teens enjoy the second decade of life. The Guide is an essential resource for all people who work with young people. © 2009 Center for Adolescent Health at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Printed in the United States of America. Printed and distributed by the Center for Adolescent Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Clea McNeely & Jayne Blanchard For additional information about the Guide and to order additional copies, please contact: Center for Adolescent Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 615 N. Wolfe St., E-4543 Baltimore, MD 21205 www.jhsph.edu/adolescenthealth 410-614-3953 ISBN 978-0-615-30246-1 Designed by Denise Dalton of Zota Creative Group Clea McNeely, MA, DrPH and Jayne Blanchard THE TEEN YEARS EXPLAINED A GUIDE TO HEALTHY ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Clea McNeely, MA, DrPH and Jayne Blanchard THE TEEN YEARS EXPLAINED A GUIDE TO HEALTHY ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT By Clea McNeely, MA, DrPH Jayne Blanchard With a foreword by Nicole Yohalem Karen Pittman iv THE TEEN YEARS EXPLAINED CONTENTS About the Center for Adolescent Health ......................................... vi Acknowledgments ........................................................................ vii Foreword by Nicole Yohalem and Karen Pittman ............................ ix Introduction ....................................................................................1 CHAPTERS 1 Physical Development ..............................................................7 Brain Page .........................................................................16 Obesity: Nutrition & Exercise ..............................................17 2 Cognitive Development ...........................................................21 Sleep ..................................................................................28 Effects of Tobacco, Alcohol & Drugs on the Developing Adolescent Brain ................................................................29 3 Emotional & Social Development ............................................31 Teen Stress.........................................................................38 Bullying .............................................................................40 4 Forming an Identity ................................................................45 Mental Health ....................................................................54 5 Sexuality .................................................................................59 6 Spirituality & Religion ............................................................71 7 Profiles of Development ..........................................................79 8 Conclusion .............................................................................87 Resources & Further Reading .......................................................89 References ..................................................................................93 Index .........................................................................................103 ab O U T T H E C E N T E R F O R adOLESCENT H E A LT H he Center for Adolescent Health is a prevention research center at the Johns THopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We are committed to assisting urban youth to become healthy and productive adults. Together with community partners, the Center conducts research to identify the needs and strengths of young people, and evaluates and assists programs to promote the health and well- being of young people. Our mission is to work in partnership with youth, people who work with youth, community residents, public policy– makers, and program administrators to help urban adolescents develop healthy adult lifestyles. vi THE TEEN YEARS EXPLAINED ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors of The Teen Years Explained: A Guide to Healthy Adolescent Development would like to express our sincere gratitude to the following people for all of their guidance and support during the creation of this book: Freya Sonenstein, PhD Nicole Yohalem Karen Pittman The Guide was made possible by funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to the Center for Adolescent Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, a member of the Prevention Research Centers Program (CDC cooperative agreement 1-U48-DP-000040). We would also like to thank the Charles Crane Family Founda- tion and the Shapiro Family Foundation for their support for the Guide. Members of the Scientific Advisory Board The Scientific Advisory Board provided insight and information in their professional review of the chapters. We thank them for their invaluable contribution. Catherine Bradshaw, PhD Arik V. Marcell, MD, MPH Freya L. Sonenstein, PhD Assistant Professor, Department Assistant Professor, Division of Gen- Director, Center for Adolescent of Mental Health, Associate eral Pediatrics & Adolescent Medi- Health, Professor, Department of Director, Johns Hopkins Center for cine, Department of Pediatrics & Population, Family & Reproductive the Prevention of Youth Violence, Department of Population, Family & Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health of Public Health School of Medicine & Bloomberg School of Public Health Janis Whitlock, MPH, PhD Robert Crosnoe, PhD Director, Cornell Research Program Associate Professor, Department of Sara Johnson, MPH, PhD on Self-Injurious Behavior, Research Sociology & Population Research Assistant Professor, Department of Scientist, Family Life Development Center, University of Texas at Austin Population, Family & Reproductive Center, Lecturer, Human Develop- Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg ment Department, Cornell University Jacinda Dariotis, PhD School of Public Health Assistant Scientist, Center for Adolescent Health, Department of Lisa Pearce, PhD Population, Family & Reproductive Associate Professor, Department of Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sociology, Fellow, Carolina Popula- School of Public Health tion Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Nikeea C. Linder, PhD, MPH Assistant Professor, Division of Gen- Stephen T. Russell, PhD eral Pediatrics & Adolescent Medi- Professor & Director, Frances Mc- cine, Department of Pediatrics & Clelland Institute for Children, Department of Population, Family & Youth & Families, Norton School Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins of Family & Consumer Sciences, School of Medicine & Bloomberg University of Arizona School of Public Health ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii Members of the Adolescent Colloquium The Adolescent Colloquium was formed as a partnership with the Center for Adolescent Health in 2005 to provide important contributions to the shaping of this project. We thank them for their dedication and participation. Rebkha Atnafou, MPH Christine Evans Ilene Sparber, LCSW-C Executive Director, The After- Community Health Educator, Cen- Interagency Coalition on Teen Preg- School Institute ter for Maternal & Child Health, nancy & Parenting, Montgomery Maryland Department of Health & County Department of Health & Robert Blum, MD, MPH, PhD Mental Hygiene Human Services Director, Urban Health Institute, William H. Gates, Sr. Professor & Marina Finnegan, MHC Mischa Toland Chair, Department of Population, Director of Prevention Strategies, Interagency Coalition on Teen Preg- Family & Reproductive Health, Governor’s Office for Children, nancy & Parenting, Montgomery Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Maryland County Department of Health & Public Health Human Services Patricia I. Jones, BS Jean-Michel Brevelle Abstinence Education Coordina- Carmi Washington-Flood Sexual Minorities Program Manager, tor, Center for Maternal & Child Chief, Office of Community Maryland AIDS Administration Health, Maryland Department of Relations & Initiatives, Maryland Health & Mental Hygiene Department of Health & Peter R. Cohen, MD Mental Hygiene Medical Director, Alcohol & Drug Mary Anne Kane-Breschi Abuse Administration, Maryland Office for Genetics & Children with Pearl Whitehurst Department of Health & Special Health Care Needs Resource Program Coordinator, Office of Mental Hygiene Development, Maryland Depart- Community Relations & Initiatives, ment of Health & Mental Hygiene Maryland Department of Health & Barbara Conrad, BSN, MPH Mental Hygiene Chief, Division of Sexually Trans- Rebekah Lin mitted Diseases/HIV Partner Noti- Communications & Technical fication, Maryland Department of Assistance Specialist, The After- Health & Mental Hygiene School Institute Cheryl De Pinto, MD, MPH Pam Putman, BSN, MPH Medical Director, Child, Adoles- Healthy Teens
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