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Presentation Abstracts/Resúmenes De Presentaciones 1 PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS/RESÚMENES DE PRESENTACIONES WILKS AWARD COMPETITION/COMPETICIÓN PARA EL PREMIO WILKS W1 BIRD OCCUPANCY IN RELATION TO HABITAT STRUCTURE IN THE OAK SAVANNA CROSS TIMBERS OF KANSAS, USA / OCUPACION DE PAJAROS EN RELACION A ESTRUCTURAS DE HABITAT EN EL ROBLE SABANA A TRAVES DE BISQUES DE KANSAS, USA Nathan S. Holoubek and William E. Jensen Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University, 1200 Commercial Ave, Emporia, KS 66801 Oak savanna, once widespread across central North America, has functionally vanished from most of its range. Our objective was to quantify avian habitat associations across a gradient from open-canopy oak savanna to closed-canopy forest in the Cross Timbers region of southeastern Kansas. Using 2012 point-count data, we modeled species-specific detection (p) and occupancy (ψ) probabilities against vegetative variables using program Presence. We first established the best p predictors and then used these when modeling ψ. Of 28 species modeled, ψ for 7 was strongly associated with vegetative variables. Occupancies of Contopus virens, Polioptila caerulea, and Passerina cyanea peaked at intermediate tree densities or canopy coverages. Icterus spurius, Spiza americana, and Spizella pusilla occupancies were highest at low tree densities or canopy coverages. These species might benefit from reductions in tree density within otherwise closed-canopy forest. Moderate habitat relationships with ψ were found for three other species. Point counts will resume in 2013. Quantifying bird habitat use in oak savanna will be useful in guiding future savanna restoration for avian conservation. Roble Sabana, una vez extendido a traves de Norte America central, ha funcionalmente desaparecido en la mayoria de su extension. Nuestro objetivo era cuantificar asociaciones de habitat aviar a traves de un gradiente desde roble sabana de dosel-abierto hasta bosque de dosel- cerrado en la region del Cross Timbers del sureste de Kansas. Usando datos de puntos de conteo del 2012, modelamos deteccion (p) de especies especificas y probabilidades de ocupacion (ψ) de acuerdo a variantes en vegetacion usando el programa Presence. Primero establecimos los mejores Predictores p y luego los usamos para modelar ψ. De 28 especies modeladas, ψ para 7 estuvo fuertemente asociada con variantes de vegetacion. Ocupaciones de Contopus virenes, Polioptila caerulea, y Passerina cyanea alcanzaron su maximo en arboles con densidades intermedias. Las ocupaciones de Icterus spurius, Spiza americana, y Spizella pusilla alcanzaron su maxima en arboles de baja densidad. Estas especies podrian beneficiarse de reducciones en densidad de arboles entre bosques de dosel-cerrado. Moderadas relaciones de habitat con ψ fueron encontradas con otras tres especies. Puntos de conteo resumiran en 2013. Cuantificando el uso de habitat en roble sabana por pajaros sera beneficioso para dirigir futura restauracion de sabana para conservacion aviar. 2 W2 EVOLUTION OF THE UPLAND COMPONENT OF THE FISH FAUNA OF SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA: INSIGHTS FROM A PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC STUDY OF ROCKY SHINER/ EVOLUCIÓN DEL COMPONENTE DE SECANO DE LA FAUNA DE PECES DEL SUR DE OKLAHOMA: PERSPECTIVAS DE UN ESTUDIO FILOGEOGRÁFICOS DE ROCKY SHINER Michael R. Schwemm Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 The genetic structure and historical demography of Rocky Shiner [Notropis suttkusi] are used to evaluate the hypothesis that the unusually high aquatic biodiversity of Blue River, a tributary of the Red River in southern Oklahoma, is explained by environmental stability relative to other streams of the region. Blue River harbors an unusual combination of upland fishes: two species endemic to the river, one species that is endemic to Blue River and other south-flowing tributaries of the Red River in Oklahoma and Arkansas, and four species that represent disjunct populations of Ozark species. Cytochrome b sequences and analysis of eight microsatellite loci suggest that divergence among populations of Rocky Shiner is post-Pleistocene. Molecular- based analyses of historical demography indicate that the Blue River population has been stable through time, whereas other populations of the species show evidence of a late Pleistocene expansion and a Holocene decline in effective population sizes. Population stability in Blue River likely reflects the fact that the river is the largest springfed environment in southern Oklahoma. Populations in Blue River would have been buffered against climatic oscillations of the Quaternary and this likely explains the unusually high degree of biodiversity in the river. It is postulated that the two species endemic to Blue River are relicts of Mayden’s Pre-Glacial Ouachita River, and that environmental stability has allowed them to persist in Blue River. La estructura genética y demografía histórica del Rocky Shiner [Notropis suttkusi] son usadas para evaluar la hipótesis de que el alto grado de biodiversidad acuática del Blue River, un tributario del Red River en el sur de Oklahoma, es explicado por su relativa estabilidad medioambiental en comparación con otros riachuelos de la región. Blue River contiene una combinación poco usual de peces de tierras altas: dos especies endémicas del río, una especia endémica del Blue River y otros tributarios del Red River que fluyen hacia el sur en Oklahoma y Arkansas, y cuatro poblaciones disjuntas de especies de la región Ozark. Secuencias de cytochrome b y analisis de ocho loci microsatélites sugieren que la divergencia entre poblaciones del Rocky Shiner ocurrió en el Holoceno. El análisis molecular de la demografía histórica indica que la población del Blue River se ha mantenido estable a través del tiempo, mientras que otras poblaciones de la especie evidencian una expansión durante la última parte del Pleistoceno y una reducción en el Holoceno. La estabilidad de la población en el Blue River probablemente refleja el hecho de que el río es el mas grande de los que son alimentados por manantiales en el sur de Oklahoma. Las poblaciones del Blue River habrán sido protegidos contra los cambios climáticos del Quaternario y esto probablemente explica el alto grado de biodiversidad en el río. Se postula que las dos especies endémicas del Blue River son relictos del Ouachita River preglacial de Mayden, y que la estabilidad medioambiental les ha permitido permanecer en el Blue River. 3 W3 TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF DIVERSIFICATION ACROSS GLOBAL CICHLID DIVERSIFICATION/PATRONES TEMPORALES DE DIVERSIFICACION A LO LARGO DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD GLOBAL DE LOS CICLIDOS Caleb McMahan1, Prosanta Chakrabarty1, John Sparks2, Wm. Leo Smith3, and Matthew Davis3 1 LSU Museum of Natural Science 2American Museum of Natural History 3The Field Museum The contrasting distribution of species diversity across major lineages of cichlids makes them an ideal group for investigating macroevolutionary processes. In this study, we investigate whether different rates of diversification may explain disparity in species richness across cichlid lineages. We present the most taxonomically robust hypothesis of cichlid evolutionary relationships to date and utilize this temporal framework to investigate whether both species-rich and depauperate lineages are associated with shifts in diversification rates and if exceptional species richness can be explained by clade age alone. Significant rate shift increases were detected in the evolution of the African subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae and Neotropical subfamily Cichlinae, with one rate shift increase within Pseudocrenilabrinae, including the haplochromins of the East African great lakes. Our results indicate that Cichlinae includes lineages that have not experienced significant increases in diversification when compared to African lineages. These findings provide insight into our understanding of diversification patterns across taxonomically disparate lineages in this diverse clade of freshwater fishes and one of the most species-rich families of vertebrates. La distribución contrastante de la diversidad de especies a través de linajes mayores hace de los ciclidos un grupo ideal para la investigación de procesos macroevolutivos. En este estudio, investigamos si diferentes tazas de diversificación explicarían la disparidad de riqueza de especies a través de los linajes de ciclidos. Presentamos la hipótesis taxonómica más actualizada y robusta de las relaciones evolutivas de ciclidos a nivel global y utilizamos esta esquema temporal para investigar si ambos; linajes ricos en especies y linajes decimados están asociados con cambios en tazas de diversificación y si la riqueza excepcional de especies puede ser explicada simplemente por la edad de los clados. Cambios significativos en la tazas de incremento fueron detectados en la evolución de la subfamilias africanas Pseudocrenilabrinae y la subfamilia neotropical Cichlinae, con un cambio de incremento de taza dentro de Pseudocrenilabrinae, incluyendo los haplochrominos de los grandes lagos del este de África. Nuestros resultados indican que Cichlinae incluye linajes que no han experimentado incrementos significativos de diversificación cuando se comparan con linajes africanos. Estos descubrimientos proveen conocimiento en el entendimiento de los patrones de diversificación a través de linajes taxonómicamente dispares en este diverso clado de peces de agua dulce y uno de las familias de vertebrados más ricas en especies. 4 W4 MULTILEVEL APPROACH IN UNDERSTANDING GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT (GXE) INTERACTIONS IN TWO CLONES OF DAPHNIA:
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