Graduated As M.D. in 1738, and in 1741 Was Appointed University Of

171 St. Thomas’s Hospital, and he died in 1746. His son, Russell University of Aberdeen. He resigned his chair in the summer Plumptre, born in 1709, studied medicine at Cambridge, of 1882 and died on Nov. 21st in the same year." He was graduated as M.D. in 1738, and in 1741 was appointed the author of a treatise on the" Principles and Practice of Regius Professor of Physic at Cambridge; he died in 1793. Surgery," which passed through several editions. William Pitcairn was born in Fifeshire in 1711, studied medicine at the University of Leyden, and graduated as M.D. at Rheims. The University of Oxford gave him LIBRARY TABLE. the degree of M.D. in 1749, and he proceeded to London, R-ural Water-supply : a Practical Handbook on the Supply where he eventually obtained a very large practice. He of Water and Construction of Waterworks for Small Distriots. became a Fellow of the College of Physicians of London in By ALLAN GREENWELL, A.M.I.C.E., and W. T. CURRY, 1750 and was Gulstonian lecturer and several times censor. A.M.I.C.E., F.G.S. London: Crosby, Lockwood, and Son. He was elected President in 1775 and every following year, 1896.-This manual had its origin in a series of articles till he resigned in 1785. He was appointed physician to St. which appeared in the Builder between July and December, Bartholomew’s Hospital in 1750, and in 1784 was elected 1894. We may take it, therefore, that the subject-matter, treasurer, after which he lived in the treasurer’s house in having already been published, has been exposed to criticism, the hospital, but had also a country residence, with a and that the authors have taken advantage of this fact, as botanical garden of five acres, in the now densely populated well as of the advances since made, when revising the locality of Upper-street, Islington ; a ward in St. Bartho- work prior to its publication as a whole. It deals chiefly, lomew’s Hospital still bears his name. Dr. Pitcairn died at though not exclusively, with the engineering side of the Islington in 1791 and was buried in the church of St. Bartho- question, of which it gives a clear and intelligible account. lomew-the-Less, within the hospital walls. Robert Pitt was We should like to have found included in it a chapter on born in Dorsetshire in 1653, studied medicine at Oxford, where to search for water, and on the value (?) of water- graduated as M.D. in 1682, and was elected Fellow of the finding by means of the willow wand." As the quality Royal Society in the same year. In 1687 he was admitted as of a water is frequently referred to, the addition of a a Fellow of the College of Physicians of London and was short paragraph also on the significance of the results of censor in 1687 and 1702. He was physician to St. Bar- chemical analyses would have proved useful. The import- tholomew’s Hospital from 1697 to 1707 and took an active ance of the process of filtration by sand and the nature of its part in the controversy which followed the establishment action in removing organisms are properly emphasised, of a dispensary by the College of Physicians in 1696. although the instructions bearing on the care and cleansing He published several works, two of which demonstrated of filters are not entered into with that detail which the the uselessness of various medicaments which were at that importance of attention to those points demands. The time much in favour. He died in 1712. Charles Peters was chapter on the corrosion of pipes and the properties of some born in London in 1695, studied medicine at Oxford, was water-supplies in respect to dissolving lead is thoroughly elected Radcliffe Travelling Fellow in 1725, and graduated practical, pointing out the conditions under which water is as M.D. in 1732. He published in 1720 an edition of likely to act upon lead and the remedies which can be Fracastoro’s Latin poem on Syphilis. He was elected a successfully applied. On the whole we commend the book, Fellow of the College of Physicians of London in 1739 and because we think it will serve as an excellent guide, was censor in 1744. He was also physician extraordinary to especially in rural districts, to those who require instruction the King, physician-general to the army, and physician to with regard to the conveyance of water from its source and St. George’s Hospital. David Pitcairn was born in Fifeshire its ultimate distribution. in 1749, being a nephew of Dr. William Pitcairn, already S’ewerage and S’ewage Disposal of a Small To7vn. By E. B. mentioned. He studied at the Universities of Edinburgh, SAVAGE, A.M.I.C.E. Illustrated. London: Biggs and Co. Glasgow, and Cambridge, graduating at the latter as M.D. 1895. Price 5s. 2d.-This is a capital little book for young in 1784. He was elected a Fellow of the College of engineers. It is extremely practical, giving clear and concise Physicians of London in 1785, and was censor, Gulstonian particulars of the system of conveying sewage and of the lecturer, and Harveian orator. He was physician to principal methods in vogue for its disposal. These particulars St. Bartholomew’s Hospital from 1780 to 1793, and are illustrated in an excellent series of model plans drawn to was the first to discover that valvular disease of scale. As a type of precipitate processes the author gives the heart was a frequent result of rheumatic fever. the alumino-ferric process, but he omits to add an analysis He enjoyed a large private practice and died in 1809. of the effluent which would convey to the reader some idea Jonathan Pereira was born in London in 1804, studied medi- of the extent of purification which this process effects. cine at the Aldersgate-street School, became a Licentiate We observe a slip in the description of the manner of the Society of Apothecaries in 1823, and was at once in which it purifies. Thus, after the sludge has sub- appointed apothecary to the dispensary of St. Bartholomew’s sided, he says that a clear and inodorous liquid remains, Hospital. In 1840 he obtained the diploma of M.D. from still retaining the oxygen originally contained in the Erlangen and was appointed assistant physician to the sewage. Surely it should be nitrogen. He has purposely London Hospital. In 1845 he became a Fellow of the refrained from entering into the question of sewage puri- Royal College of Physicians of London. Dr. Pereira was an fication by bacterial agencies, since these processes, eminent pharmacologist and lecturer on materia medica and ’’ although destined greatly to modify, if not to entirely chemistry. Of his numerous works the principal one was revolutionise, can as yet be scarcely regarded as sufficiently "The Elements of Materia Medica." He died in 1853. developed to be applied by engineers in dealing with the William Pirrie was born in Aberdeenshire in 1807 and studied sewage of towns." He adds nothing as to the prospect of medicine in the Universities of Aberdeen and Edinburgh, ever turning sewage to account. The book is an admirable graduating at the latter as M.D. in 1829. "Returning to digest of present purification processes, and is sound in Aberdeen in 1830, he was appointed lecturer on anatomy and engineering details. in the a physiology joint medical schools of King’s and A Plea for Simpler Life- By GEORGE S. KEITH, M.D., Marischal Colleges. On the separation of the schools in F.R.C.P. Edin. London: Adam and Charles Black. 1895. 1839 he became the first Regius Professor of Surgery in Price 2s. 6d.-"We have seen that in sickness neither medi- Marischal College, and when they were again united in I, cine, nor alcoholic stimulants, nor food (sic) are necessary as 1860 he continued to teach as Professor of Surgery in the a general rule, but, on the contrary, are often absolutely 172 injurious....... I have long looked on hot water as the most Dr. J. W. Ballantyne contributes an inquiry into the Cause of real stimulant that we have." These quotations, from Monstrosities ; and a most interesting paper it is, full of out- pages 39 and 42, comprise the essentials of the author’s of-the-way information gleaned from the classics, mediæval system of therapeutics, which he briefly expounds in a writers, and authors like Licetus. Surgeon-Major Macdonald pleasant style and defends with the courage of one v,,ho is relates a case of Abdominal Transfixion by an Elephant’s convinced, and whose personal habits are in accordance with Tusk. The patient’s abdominal cavity having been carefully his somewhat exceptional views. The first of these passages cleansed and sutured, he recovered. Dr. Robertson continues can hardly be taken literally, otherwise the unfortunate his valuable series of papers on the Pathology of the Nervous patient would fare even worse than those under the care of System in relation to Mental Diseases. It is a relief Dr. Sangrado. to learn that a favourite pre- The Medical C7tronicle, Owens College.-Dr. H. D. with the author in most cases of illness is a mixture scription Rolleston has an interesting paper upon that distressing, of well-diluted milk, lime-water, and white of egg, combining though fortunately not common, disease-Primary Carcinoma both food and medicine. Dr. Skene Keith began medical of the Larger Bile-ducts.

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