DOCSLIB.ORG

Appendix 1 Diagrams and Maps

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Appendix 1 Diagrams and Maps 268 Appendix 1 Diagrams and Maps FIGURE 15. Location of Aleppo. Adapted from www.weather- forecast.com/locations/Aleppo. FIGURE 16. Aerial photograph of the Khan al-Jumruk and surrounding bazaars. © Google Earth, 2012. 269 FIGURE 17. Layout of the Khan al-Jumruk and associated bazaars (Starkey, ‘Khan al- Jumruk’, 120). FIGURE 18. Khan al-Jumruk complex ground plan (Starkey, ‘Khan al-Jumruk’, 122). 270 FIGURE 19. Location of Vishākhapatnam (N17 41’ (N 17° 41' 24'' E 83° 12' 33'') on the Bay of Bengal, Adapted from http://saints.sqpn.com/ncd04163.htm FIGURE 20. ‘India in the time of Warren Hastings’ (www.probertencyclopaedia.com) 271 Appendix 2 Merchants and officials 1. Aleppo 1740–1772 Name Comments Abbott, John arr. Aleppo 1759; succeeded Hays as consul 1770–1783 when he died. Abbott, Robert consul (d.1797); brother of John Abbott Drummond, Alexander British Consul, Aleppo, previously/coincidentally in Cyprus 1754– 1756+; 6 August 1758 met Ives and his party.1 Bellamy, William a great trader who went bankrupt; 2 joined in 1746. Booth merchant Bosanquet, David factor; William Fitzhugh worked with him. Bridger, Colvill last of Radcliffe’s factors in Aleppo; a volatile, weak character, troubled by conflicting interests,3; 6 August 1758 met Ives and his party; lived in Aleppo from 1754 until 1765,4 but died shortly after; took over John Free’s business after John d.1755; Treasurer in 1765; partner was John Radcliffe; friend of Jan Jacob Schultens (Leiden, Professor of Oriental Languages) Browne, Francis consul 1758, died in Aleppo 10 October 1759).5 Channer, Toby apprenticed to William Hayter;6 trading between 1735 and 1751. Chitty, Jacob William Fitzhugh worked with him Chitty, Josiah Josiah Chitty (d.1751) who was trading in Aleppo between 1744 and 1747; in partnership with John Free. Clark(e), William consul 1768–d. in Aleppo July 1769. Coke, Nevil consul 1727–1740. Crofts, Thomas (1750–1753) who travelled to Mount Lebanon with Drummond.7 Dawes, Reverend Thomas chaplain after Charles Holloway from August 1759 to June 1769; followed by Robert Foster; started a register of events from 1762; collected coins.8 Drummond. Alexander consul after Pollard also serving in Cyprus; accompanied Hemming, Levett and William Fitzhugh on an expedition to the Euphrates in 1747 and even visited a Turkmen settlement. Edwards, Edward chaplain 1729–d.1742, buried in Aleppo. Edwards, Eleazar factor by 1754; chancellor from c.1764–1781; 1764 his wife Elizabeth [Aleazar] died of consumption,; listed by Wilson as chaplain 1769–1770; still in Aleppo in 1781.9 FitzHugh, William sent out as a trainee aged eighteen to work for factor David Bosanquet; then for the London merchant Jacob Chitty, and finally as an 1 Ives obtained funds in Aleppo via Consul Drummond in 1758 (Ives, Voyage, 196, 236, 363, 366). 2 Davis, Devonshire Square, 51, 57, 94, 246, 249, 250. 3 Davis, Devonshire Square, 2, 21. 4 Elena Frangakis-Syrett, ‘Trade practices in Aleppo in the middle of the eighteenth century’, Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée 62 (1991), 123–32; Pedigree Register, 215, 217. 5 Pedigree Register, 215. 6 Davis, Devonshire Square, 65. 7 Laidlaw, British in the Levant, 103–4. 8 William Hunter’s coin cabinet was second only to that of the King of France by 1782, the nucleus being a cabinet of c.450 Syrian coins collected at Aleppo by Dawes (J. Donald Bateson, ‘Great Collectors; William Hunter’, www.muenzgeschichte.ch/downloads/collectors-hunter.pdf (10 December 2009). Patrick was paid fifty guineas by Hunter for his coin collection in 2 October 1776; in 1780 Hunter paid £1000 for factor Samuel Bosanquet’s collection of coins from Aleppo. MS Hunter H453, H457, H.348. Patrick’s 9 gold, 15 silver and over 48 base silver Turkish coins are listed in Squibb, Catalogue, 58–59. George Macdonald, Catalogue of Greek Coins in the Hunterian Collection, University of Glasgow (Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons, 1899), i, x, xxiv, xxvii– xxviii. On other coin collectors in Aleppo, see Boogert, ‘Freemasonry’, 118. 9 Pedigree Register. 272 Name Comments independent factor; left Aleppo a wealthy man;10 trading between 1735 and 1751; accompanied Drummond, Levett and Hemming on an expedition to the Euphrates in 1747 and even visited a Turkmen settlement. Foley, Dudley trading in 1740s; with Charles Lisle.11 Foster, Robert chaplain, 1770–1778 and later served in Smyrna; followed by John Hussey. Free, John in partnership with the factor Josiah Chitty; After John Free’s death (d.1755), Bridger took over his business.12 Free, Nathaniel factor by 1754; 6 August 1758 met Ives and his party. Frye & Mitford merchant house/trading partnership in the 1740s.13 Griffiths MD, Julius/John On disastrous journey with Hay and his daughter.14 H.J. & T. March ailing merchant house;15; trading in 1740s; partners included Samuel Medley and Arthur Pullinger. Hamond, William another partner in Stratton & Hamond; trading in Aleppo from 1747 until 1754, after which Bridger took over the whole of the Radcliffe & Stratton’s business.16 Hays, David pro-consul 1783–1784; factor by 1754, in Aleppo in 1758 and still there in 1774; 6 August 1758 met Ives and his party; Hays died on a disastrous journey with his daughter and Julius/John Griffiths, MD. Hayter, William took on Toby Channer; trading between 1735 and 1751. Hemming, John c.1743–1748, left Aleppo by 1750 succeeded? by Dawes; about twenty- five when he arrived; accompanied Drummond on two or more expeditions from Aleppo including an expedition to the Euphrates in 1747 with Drummond, Levett and William Fitzhugh; even by 1747 was suffering from gout; Freemason in 1748; chaplain; later became chaplain and headmaster, then Dean of Guernsey (d.1765).17 Holloway, Reverend chaplain 1742–d.22 September 1758, buried in Aleppo;18 followed as Charles chaplain by Thomas Dawes from August 1759 to June 1769. Hopkins, Joseph nephew of David Hays, died in Aleppo in 1769. Hughes, Francis (d.1762) died of malignant fever.19 Hussey, John chaplain after Robert Foster from 1779–1782; he died en route to India in 1799.20 Kinloch, William brother of Sir James Kinloch of Nevay; consul from 1759; dismissed in 1766, after serving as chargé d’affaires in Constantinople from 1765, d.1812?).21 Kirkhouse, John Brand Scottish merchant; 6 August 1758 met Ives and his party; chancellor 1758–1759, until c.1764; later acting vice-consul in Larnaca; a Freemason. 10 Terrick V.H. FitzHugh and Henry A. Fitzhugh. The history of the FitzHugh family (Ottershaw: [T.V.H. Fitzhugh], 1998). 11 Davis, Devonshire Square, 67. 12 Davis, Devonshire Square, 91. 13 Davis, Devonshire Square, 20, 90, 228. 14 John Griffiths, MD, RMSEd, Travels in Europe, Asia Minor and Arabia (Edinburgh: John Brown, 1805); fl 1785s, a sentimental account. 15 Davis, Devonshire Square, 21. 16 Davis, Devonshire Square, 91. 17 Drummond, Different cities, 194, in Letter X (26.10.1747), 236 in Letter XI (27.12.1748); Pedigree Register, 215; Laidlaw, British in the Levant, 99–100; Aleppo observed, 97, lists Hemming as chaplain. 18 Ives, Voyage, 370. 19 Pedigree Register, 216. 20 Laidlaw, British in the Levant, 228–9. 21 SP 105/119, cited by Laidlaw, British in the Levant, 43–44. 273 Name Comments Lansdown, Thomas factor by 1754; 6 August 1758 met Ives and his party. Levett Mr merchant; accompanied Drummond and Hemming on an expedition to the Euphrates in 1747 and visited a Turkmen settlement.22 Lisle, Charles trading in 1740s with Dudley Foley. Maffick merchant; 6 August 1758 met Ives and his party. Masters, Mr Samuel Johnson writes of a Mr Masters, consul in 1783, who had planted his gardens in the English fashion and after visiting it a wife of the Pasha’s wife concealed herself in a cupboard. Masters informed the Pasha and she was thrown off a bridge and he left Aleppo speedily.23 Medley, Samuel went into a disastrous partnership with Arthur Pullinger in H., J. and T. March, cloth and silk merchants in Aleppo, until it went bankrupt in 1739. Micklethwait, Nathaniel consul 1740–1745. Newton, Richard in Aleppo in 1755; d.1762 of erysipelas, an acute skin infection. Philips, Thomas in Aleppo in 1755.24 Pollard, Arthur consul after R. Sherman and before Drummond; 1747–1751 Dutch consul. Preston, Henry pro-consul 1766–1768, left Aleppo by 1773. Pullinger, Arthur partner with Samuel Medley in H., J., and T. March, cloth and silk merchants in Aleppo, until it went bankrupt in 1739; in Aleppo between 1725 and 1739 and returned there at least in 1747;25 epigrapher; friend of the traveller Richard Pococke, as well as Voltaire; wrote an account of journey in 1739, between Aleppo and Constantinople.26 Radcliffe & Stratton partnership; partners included Arthur Radcliffe; eventually taken over by Colvill Badger. Radcliffe family ran one of the more important businesses over many years.27 Radcliffe, Arthur 1734–1743 with Radcliffe & Stratton; stolid and amiable with his family but severe as a businessman;28; factor between 1740 and 1772 Radcliffe, John a cheerful soul fresh from Eton, was sent to Aleppo in March 1758 to become a partner to Colvill Bridger; heir to the Radcliffe business in London in 1760 and returned home, after the death of his elder brother; a spendthrift, dying insolvent and childless in 1783. 22 Either Francis Levett or his nephew John. Francis Levett (1700–1764), a factor of the Levant Company in Constantinople at least from 1737 to 1749 when he went home to England; previously apprenticed to Edward Radcliffe; partner of Andrew Turnbull (1718–1792), then British Consul at Smyrna. The Swiss-French artist Jean-Étienne Liotard (1702–1789), who accompanied Lord Duncannon, William Ponsonby (1704–1793, Lord Duncannon, second Earl of Bessborough from 1758) and John Montagu, fourth Earl of Sandwich, to Constantinople in 1738 and stayed there until 1742, painted ‘Monsieur Levett and Mademoiselle Glavani in Turkish costume’, oil on canvas, in Constantinople c.1740.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download (2216Kb)
    A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/150023 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications ‘AN ENDLESS VARIETY OF FORMS AND PROPORTIONS’: INDIAN INFLUENCE ON BRITISH GARDENS AND GARDEN BUILDINGS, c.1760-c.1865 Two Volumes: Volume I Text Diane Evelyn Trenchard James A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Warwick, Department of History of Art September, 2019 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………. iv Abstract …………………………………………………………………………… vi Abbreviations ……………………………………………………………………. viii . Glossary of Indian Terms ……………………………………………………....... ix List of Illustrations ……………………………………………………………... xvii Introduction ……………………………………………………………………….. 1 1. Chapter 1: Country Estates and the Politics of the Nabob ………................ 30 Case Study 1: The Indian and British Mansions and Experimental Gardens of Warren Hastings, Governor-General of Bengal …………………………………… 48 Case Study 2: Innovations and improvements established by Sir Hector Munro, Royal, Bengal, and Madras Armies, on the Novar Estate, Inverness, Scotland …… 74 Case Study 3: Sir William Paxton’s Garden Houses in Calcutta, and his Pleasure Garden at Middleton Hall, Llanarthne, South Wales ……………………………… 91 2. Chapter 2: The Indian Experience: Engagement with Indian Art and Religion ……………………………………………………………………….. 117 Case Study 4: A Fairy Palace in Devon: Redcliffe Towers built by Colonel Robert Smith, Bengal Engineers ……………………………………………………..….
    [Show full text]
  • Mencan Rock Garden Society
    Bulletin of the mencan Rock Garden Society VOL. 42 50th Anniversary Issue NO. 5 THE BULLETIN Editor Laura Louise Foster, Falls Village, Conn. 06031 Assistant Editor Harry Dewey, 4605 Brandon Lane, Beltsville, MD. 20705 Contributing Editors Roy Davidson, Anita Kistler, H. Lincoln Foster, Owen Pearce, H.N. Porter Layout Designer Buffy Parker Advertising Manager . .Anita Kistler, 1421 Ship Rd., West Chester, Pa. 19380 ANNIVERSARY ISSUE CONTENTS VOL. 42 NO. 5 1984 The Anniversary Celebration —L.L. Foster 1 The Pre-Conference Tour—Judy Glattstein 12 The Post-Conference Tour—Nickolas Nickou 18 As It Was in the Beginning—F.H. Cabot 22 The ARGS Hymn 51 Illustrations—Laura Louise Foster Published quarterly by the AMERICAN ROCK GARDEN SOCIETY, a tax-exempt, non-profit organization incorporated under the laws of the state of New Jersey. You are invited to join. Annual dues (Bulletin included), to be submitted in U.S. Funds or International Money Order, are: General Membership, $15.00 (includes domestic or foreign, single or joint—2 at same address to receive 1 Bulletin, 1 Seed List); Patron, $50.00; Life Member, $250.00. Membership inquiries and dues should be sent to Norman Singer, Secretary, SR 66 Box 114, Norfolk Rd., Sandisfield, Mass. 01255. The office of publication is located at Norfolk Rd., Sandisfield, Mass. 01255. Address editorial matters per• taining to the Bulletin to the Editor, Laura Louise Foster. Falls Village, Conn. 06031. Address advertising matters to Anita Kistler, 1421 Ship Rd., West Chester, Pa. 19380. Second Class Postage paid in Sandisfield, Mass. and additional offices. Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society (ISSN 0003-0864).
    [Show full text]
  • Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
    Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan)
    [Show full text]
  • Biographical Appendix
    Biographical Appendix The following women are mentioned in the text and notes. Abney- Hastings, Flora. 1854–1887. Daughter of 1st Baron Donington and Edith Rawdon- Hastings, Countess of Loudon. Married Henry FitzAlan Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk, 1877. Acheson, Theodosia. 1882–1977. Daughter of 4th Earl of Gosford and Louisa Montagu (daughter of 7th Duke of Manchester and Luise von Alten). Married Hon. Alexander Cadogan, son of 5th Earl of Cadogan, 1912. Her scrapbook of country house visits is in the British Library, Add. 75295. Alten, Luise von. 1832–1911. Daughter of Karl von Alten. Married William Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester, 1852. Secondly, married Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire, 1892. Grandmother of Alexandra, Mary, and Theodosia Acheson. Annesley, Katherine. c. 1700–1736. Daughter of 3rd Earl of Anglesey and Catherine Darnley (illegitimate daughter of James II and Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester). Married William Phipps, 1718. Apsley, Isabella. Daughter of Sir Allen Apsley. Married Sir William Wentworth in the late seventeenth century. Arbuthnot, Caroline. b. c. 1802. Daughter of Rt. Hon. Charles Arbuthnot. Stepdaughter of Harriet Fane. She did not marry. Arbuthnot, Marcia. 1804–1878. Daughter of Rt. Hon. Charles Arbuthnot. Stepdaughter of Harriet Fane. Married William Cholmondeley, 3rd Marquess of Cholmondeley, 1825. Aston, Barbara. 1744–1786. Daughter and co- heir of 5th Lord Faston of Forfar. Married Hon. Henry Clifford, son of 3rd Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, 1762. Bannister, Henrietta. d. 1796. Daughter of John Bannister. She married Rev. Hon. Brownlow North, son of 1st Earl of Guilford, 1771. Bassett, Anne. Daughter of Sir John Bassett and Honor Grenville.
    [Show full text]
  • Forty-Seventh Annual Meeting 47Of The
    TH FORTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING 47OF THE November 21 – 23, 2019 The Marriott Marquis New York City, NY Alexander Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBA, President Gregory D. Schroeder, MD and Justin Smith, MD, Scientific Program Co-Chairs Scientific Meeting Objectives • Present the results of current cervical spine research data. • Promote discussion of new developments and techniques. • Foster research concerning the diagnosis and treatment of cervical spine injury and disease. 9 Thursday, November 21 Broadway Ballroom, 6th Floor 7:00 am - 7:10 am Welcome and Announcements Moderators: Gregory D Schroeder, MD and Justin S Smith, MD, PhD 7:11 am - 7:51 am Session I: Outcomes I, Cervical Myelopathy Moderators: Kazuhiro Chiba, MD, Michael Fehlings, MD, PhD and Jefferson Wilson, MD 7:11 am - 7:16 am Presentation #1 The Impact Of Older Age On Functional Recovery After Surgical Decompression For Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Results From An International, Multicentre, Prospective Dataset In 757 Patients Jamie R F Wilson, MD; Jetan Hari Badhiwala, MD; Fan Jiang, FRCSC, MD; Jefferson R Wilson, FRCSC, MD, PhD; Branko Kopjar, MD, MS, PhD; Alexander Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBA; Michael Fehlings, MD 7:17 am - 7:22 am Presentation #2 Surgical Treatment Of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Leads To Functional Improvement In Hand Strength And Dexterity: A Prospective Quantitative Study Tyler S Cole, MD; Jakub Godzik, MD; Jay D Turner, MD, PhD 7:23 am - 7:28 am Presentation #3 Neck Pain Improvement After Operative Intervention In Patients With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy:
    [Show full text]
  • Science and Its Times Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery SAIT Frtmttr 8/29/00 1:29 PM Page 3
    SAIT frtmttr 8/29/00 1:29 PM Page 1 VOLUME4 1700-1799 Science and Its Times Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery SAIT frtmttr 8/29/00 1:29 PM Page 3 VOLUME4 1700-1799 Science and Its Times Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery Neil Schlager, Editor Josh Lauer, Associate Editor Produced by Schlager Information Group SAIT Vol 4 - FM 8/30/00 2:49 PM Page iv Science GALE GROUP STAFF Amy Loerch Strumolo, Project Coordinator and Its Christine B. Jeryan, Contributing Editor Times Mary K. Fyke, Editorial Technical Specialist Maria Franklin, Permissions Manager Margaret A. Chamberlain, Permissions Specialist Shalice Shah-Caldwell, Permissions Associate VOLUME 4 Mary Beth Trimper, Production Director 1700-1799 Evi Seoud, Assistant Production Manager Wendy Blurton, Senior Buyer NEIL SCHLAGER, Editor Cynthia D. Baldwin, Product Design Manager JOSH LAUER, Associate Editor Tracey Rowens, Senior Art Director Barbara Yarrow, Imaging and Multimedia Content Manager Randy Bassett, Image Database Supervisor Robyn Young, Senior Editor, Imaging and Multimedia Content Pamela A. Reed, Imaging and Multimedia Content Coordinator Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Image Cataloger While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information pre- sented in this publication, Gale Research does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale accepts no payment for listing, and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individ- ual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be cor- rected in future editions.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Advance and Female Fame: Inoculation and Its After-Effects Isobel Grundy
    Document generated on 10/02/2021 5:32 p.m. Lumen Selected Proceedings from the Canadian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies Travaux choisis de la Société canadienne d'étude du dix-huitième siècle Medical Advance and Female Fame: Inoculation and its After-Effects Isobel Grundy Volume 13, 1994 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1012519ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1012519ar See table of contents Publisher(s) Canadian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies / Société canadienne d'étude du dix-huitième siècle ISSN 1209-3696 (print) 1927-8284 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Grundy, I. (1994). Medical Advance and Female Fame: Inoculation and its After-Effects. Lumen, 13, 13–42. https://doi.org/10.7202/1012519ar All Rights Reserved © Canadian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies / Société This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit canadienne d'étude du dix-huitième siècle, 1994 (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ 2. Medical Advance and Female Fame: Inoculation and its After-Effects I intend here to examine the multiple significances whereby history is constructed.1 Argument, however, will be repeatedly hijacked by narra• tive — by, that is, a loosely linked series of epic tales which might be horribly called The Matter of Smallpox/ in whose finale the human race defeats the variola virus.
    [Show full text]
  • Clarissa Campbell-Orr, in a Study Of
    ‘If your daughters are inclined to love reading, do not check their Inclination' Clarissa Campbell-Orr, in a study of 'womanhood in England and France 1780-1920 called Wollstonecraft's Daughters, noted the lack of research on British aristocratic women, and especially of work on 'the role of aristocratic women in advancing their children's education' (13). The themes of this conference present me with the opportunity to make a modest step towards addressing this gap, in relation to the experience of some elite Scottish women. Familial letters and memoirs are my main sources. Studies have established the importance of letters, of female epistolary networks, for understanding how women circulated ideas and disseminated their knowledge; they often reveal female views on education, and women's reading practices and experience of reading in their circle. These accounts of personal, 'lived experience' are particularly valuable. Karen Glover, in her recent excellent study, Elite Women and Polite Society in Eighteenth-Century Scotland (2011), remarks that 'when it comes to lived experience, the historiography of women's education in eighteenth-century Britain is surprisingly thin (‘a virtual desert', to quote one recent commentator), and the Scottish situation was worse.' (Glover, p. 26). In letters, Scottish women record their experiences and disseminate knowledge based on that experience in the form of advice to younger women, often family members and daughters of friends. More attention is now being paid to women's memoirs too. Karen Glover has argued that it 'was in family memoirs that women seem to have felt most at liberty to move from reading to writing' so I will draw some evidence from several family memoirs too.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Scenes: Social Theatre and Modes of Survival in Burney’S
    MAKING SCENES: SOCIAL THEATRE AND MODES OF SURVIVAL IN BURNEY’S PERFORMATIVE ‘WORLD’ B. SCHAFFNER MA BY RESEARCH THE UNIVERSITY OF YORK DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND RELATED LITERATURE OCTOBER 2011 MLA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements iii Declaration iii Abstract iv INTRODUCTION The Masquerade 01 i Cecilia’s Masquerade 01 ii Burney and the ‘World’ 08 iii The ‘World’ and Its Participants 10 CHAPTER 1 The Rumoured Audience 13 CHAPTER 2 The Authority of Language 28 CHAPTER 3 ‘Private’ Ambition 45 CHAPTER 4 The Death of Performance 61 CHAPTER 5 Heroines Imperiled and Heroes Impotent 76 CONCLUSION 90 WORKS CITED 93 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Sincerest thanks for academic and personal support on this project go to my supervisor Harriet Guest and to Jane Moody. Thanks also to Clare Bond for her perennial competence and generosity, to my fellow CECS students, and to the residents of Constantine House—also known as the best of all possible worlds. DECLARATION All written material and figures, and the ideas therein, are originally conceived and executed by Rebecca E. Schaffner, the author of this dissertation. iii ABSTRACT This study explores the use and representation of social theatrics in Frances Burney’s early works (Evelina, The Witlings, and Cecilia), as a social force, a tool, and a threat stemming from and contributing to an essentially theatrical ‘World.’ Characters are analyzed through two functional pairs of characteristics: the imaginative/nonimaginative and the natural/performative. Chapter 1 discusses gossips as the audience for social performance in Burney’s works. Chapter 2 studies the affective language of two imaginative social performers, Sir Clement Willoughby and Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Harvey and the Tercentenary Celebration of the Royal College Of
    [From Crooke: A Description of the Body of Man. London, 1631.] EDITORIALS HARVEY AND THE TERCENTENARY in the collection of Sir Hans Sloane. The CELEBRATION OF THE ROYAL manuscript has had a curious history. COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS For some years it was known to be in the OF LONDON Museum and was frequently studied. It The anniversaries of the births or deaths then mysteriously disappeared and for of famous men are the frequent occasions of many years was given up as lost. In 1876 celebrations in their honor but the celebra- it was found among some duplicate books tion of the date of publication of a book is which the Museum was going to sell. A not so frequent if we except the publication facsimile of the “Notes” was published in of anniversary editions. In 1923 the Ter- 1886 and the original can, of course, be seen centenary of the publication of the First in the British Museum. The notes are Folio of Shakespeare’s works was marked written on both sides of the paper and the by several ceremonial occasions in England leaves are so arranged that additional pages and elsewhere and by the publication of a can be inserted. They are bound in leather. number of books bearing on Shakespeare As Sir D’Arcy Power says, Harvey “wrote and his works. We believe that William so badly and the notes are so full of abbre- Harvey’s book is the first medical work to viations, interlineations, and alterations, be thus honored and it was most appropriate as to render them useless to anyone but the that the greatest function in its honor author.” Harvey probably began his lec- should be organized and held in the Hall of tures on the surgical part of his course in the Royal College of Physicians of London, August, 1615, shortly after his appointment of which he was not only one of the most but his first anatomical lectures were not illustrious Fellows but also one of the given until April, 1616.
    [Show full text]
  • 179, Illus., £4. William Macmichael (1783-1839), M.D
    Book Reviews The Gold-Headed Cane, by WILLIAM MACMICHAEL, facsimile of 1827 ed., with intro- duction by Thomas Hunt, London, Royal College of Physicians, 1968, pp. 26 + 179, illus., £4. William Macmichael (1783-1839), M.D. Oxon., F.R.C.P., F.R.S., was educated at Bridgnorth Grammar School and Christ Church, Oxford. After graduating in Arts he studied medicine at Edinburgh and St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, took the M.B. Oxon. and obtained a Radcliffe Travelling Fellowship in 1811. He visited Greece, Bulgaria, Rumania, Russia, Turkey, Sicily and Australia, studied at Stock- holm under Berzelius, the famous Swedish chemist, and also researched in mineralogy. In 1816 he came to England, returning to Europe in 1817-18, as described in his first book, From Moscow to Constantinople (1819). Being ruined by the failure of his bankers, he practised in London. From 1824 to 1829 he was Registrar of the College of Physicians, physician to the Middlesex Hospital from 1822 to 1831, Physician Extraordinary to King George IV and Librarian to the king; and later Physician-in-Ordinary to King William IV. He worked hard in College administration, married Mary Jane Freer and had one daughter, afterwards Mrs. John Cheese. In 1836 he became paralysed and aphasic, and died in 1839. Dr. Thomas Hunt, his great-grandson, possesses Macmichael's annotated, inter- leaved copy of the first edition of The Gold-Headed Cane, here published in facsimile with an introductory memoir by Dr. Hunt, and a coloured reproduction of Mac- michael's portrait, painted by William Haynes (1778-1848) and owned by Miss Joan Cheese, also a descendant.
    [Show full text]
  • Susannah C. Gibson Corpus Christi College
    THE PURSUIT OF NATURE: DEFINING NATURAL HISTORIES IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN Susannah C. Gibson Corpus Christi College This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2011 This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration with others. This dissertation does not exceed 80,000 words, including footnotes. 2 The pursuit of nature: defining natural histories in eighteenth-century Britain Many histories of natural history see it as a descriptive science, as a clear forerunner to modern studies of classification, ecology and allied sciences. But this thesis argues that the story of unproblematic progression from eighteenth-century natural history to nineteenth- century and modern natural history is a myth. Eighteenth-century natural history was a distinct blend of practices and theories that no longer exists, though many individual elements of it have survived. The natural history that I discuss was not solely about collecting, displaying, naming and grouping objects. Though these activities played an important part in natural history (and in many histories of natural history) this thesis focuses on some other key elements of natural history that are too often neglected: elements such as experimenting, theorising, hypothesising, seeking causes, and explaining. Usually these activities are linked to natural philosophy rather than natural history, but I show how they were used by naturalists and, by extension, create a new way of understanding how eighteenth-century natural history, natural philosophy and other sciences were related. The first chapter is about the end of eighteenth-century natural history and looks at the role of the Linnean Society of London.
    [Show full text]