Space in a Changing Environment: a European Point of View
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Outer Space in Russia's Security Strategy
Outer Space in Russia’s Security Strategy Nicole J. Jackson Simons Papers in Security and Development No. 64/2018 | August 2018 Simons Papers in Security and Development No. 64/2018 2 The Simons Papers in Security and Development are edited and published at the School for International Studies, Simon Fraser University. The papers serve to disseminate research work in progress by the School’s faculty and associated and visiting scholars. Our aim is to encourage the exchange of ideas and academic debate. Inclusion of a paper in the series should not limit subsequent publication in any other venue. All papers can be downloaded free of charge from our website, www.sfu.ca/internationalstudies. The series is supported by the Simons Foundation. Series editor: Jeffrey T. Checkel Managing editor: Martha Snodgrass Jackson, Nicole J., Outer Space in Russia’s Security Strategy, Simons Papers in Security and Development, No. 64/2018, School for International Studies, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, August 2018. ISSN 1922-5725 Copyright remains with the author. Reproduction for other purposes than personal research, whether in hard copy or electronically, requires the consent of the author(s). If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), the title, the working paper number and year, and the publisher. Copyright for this issue: Nicole J. Jackson, nicole_jackson(at)sfu.ca. School for International Studies Simon Fraser University Suite 7200 - 515 West Hastings Street Vancouver, BC Canada V6B 5K3 Outer Space in Russia’s Security Strategy 3 Outer Space in Russia’s Security Strategy Simons Papers in Security and Development No. -
Trade Studies Towards an Australian Indigenous Space Launch System
TRADE STUDIES TOWARDS AN AUSTRALIAN INDIGENOUS SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Engineering by Gordon P. Briggs B.Sc. (Hons), M.Sc. (Astron) School of Engineering and Information Technology, University College, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy January 2010 Abstract During the project Apollo moon landings of the mid 1970s the United States of America was the pre-eminent space faring nation followed closely by only the USSR. Since that time many other nations have realised the potential of spaceflight not only for immediate financial gain in areas such as communications and earth observation but also in the strategic areas of scientific discovery, industrial development and national prestige. Australia on the other hand has resolutely refused to participate by instituting its own space program. Successive Australian governments have preferred to obtain any required space hardware or services by purchasing off-the-shelf from foreign suppliers. This policy or attitude is a matter of frustration to those sections of the Australian technical community who believe that the nation should be participating in space technology. In particular the provision of an indigenous launch vehicle that would guarantee the nation independent access to the space frontier. It would therefore appear that any launch vehicle development in Australia will be left to non- government organisations to at least define the requirements for such a vehicle and to initiate development of long-lead items for such a project. It is therefore the aim of this thesis to attempt to define some of the requirements for a nascent Australian indigenous launch vehicle system. -
The Future of European Commercial Spacecraft Manufacturing
The Future of European Commercial Spacecraft Manufacturing Report 58 May 2016 Cenan Al-Ekabi Short title: ESPI Report 58 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print), 2076-6688 (online) Published in May 2016 Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute, ESPI Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria http://www.espi.or.at Tel. +43 1 7181118-0; Fax -99 Rights reserved – No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose with- out permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “Source: ESPI Report 58; May 2016. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, inciden- tal or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: Panthera.cc ESPI Report 58 2 May 2016 The Future of European Commercial Spacecraft Manufacturing Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 Introduction – Research Question 7 1. The Global Satellite Manufacturing Landscape 9 1.1 Introduction 9 1.2 Satellites in Operation 9 1.3 Describing the Satellite Industry Market 10 1.4 The Satellite Industry Value Chain 12 1.4.1 Upstream Revenue by Segment 13 1.4.2 Downstream Revenue by Segment 14 1.5 The Different Actors 15 1.5.1 Government as the Prominent Space Actor 15 1.5.2 Commercial Actors in Space 16 1.6 The Satellite Manufacturing Supply Chain 17 1.6.1 European Consolidation of the Spacecraft Manufacturing Industry 18 1.7 The Satellite Manufacturing Industry 19 1.7.1 The Six Prime Contractors 21 1.7.2 The Smaller Commercial Prime Contractors 23 1.7.3 Asian National Prime Contractors in the Commercial Market 23 1.7.4 European Prime Contractors’ Relative Position in the Global Industry 23 2. -
Space Weapons Earth Wars
CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that EDUCATION AND THE ARTS helps improve policy and decisionmaking through ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT research and analysis. HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from INFRASTRUCTURE AND www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND TRANSPORTATION Corporation. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND Purchase this document TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Browse Reports & Bookstore Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Project AIR FORCE View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. The monograph/report was a product of the RAND Corporation from 1993 to 2003. RAND monograph/reports presented major research findings that addressed the challenges facing the public and private sectors. They included executive summaries, technical documentation, and synthesis pieces. SpaceSpace WeaponsWeapons EarthEarth WarsWars Bob Preston | Dana J. Johnson | Sean J.A. Edwards Michael Miller | Calvin Shipbaugh Project AIR FORCE R Prepared for the United States Air Force Approved for public release; distribution unlimited The research reported here was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract F49642-01-C-0003. -
Space Warfare Text
THE CHINESE PEOPLE’S LIBERATION ARMY AND SPACE WARFARE by Larry M. Wortzel ★ EMERGING UNITED STATES–CHINA MILITARY COMPETITION A PROJECT OF THE AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE pace warfare will be an integrated part of battle advocated establishing a jointly manned “aerospace Splanning by the Chinese People’s Liberation command” for India to use the missile, satellite, and Army (PLA) in any future conflict. One of the major communications capabilities of the Indian armed proponents of integrated space power for the PLA, forces effectively.6 Major General Cai Fengzhen, believes that “control U.S. security planners must monitor China’s of portions of outer space is a natural extension of efforts carefully, however, because the United States other forms of territorial control,” such as sea or air is singled out in much of the literature as the most control.1 More seriously, because of American supe- likely adversary for the PLA. The PLA has also made riority in space, China’s military theorists treat the surprisingly rapid advances in this area. United States as the most likely opponent in that The most senior and widely published author in domain of war. The head of the U.S. Army Space the Chinese military on space warfare and aerospace and Missile Defense Command, Lieutenant General doctrine, Cai Fengzhen, borrows most of his termi- Kevin Campbell, thinks it is possible that “within nology and concepts from U.S. military doctrine. three years we can be challenged at a near-peer level” Indeed, Cai credits U.S. Lieutenant General Daniel O. by China.2 This means that China will be capable of Graham and his book High Frontier with developing “taking out a number of communications capabil- the original concept.7 Cai traces the concept of ities over a theater of war.”3 expanding one’s borders directly into space to Gra- ham and his “high frontier” theory.8 Cai opines that space control is a natural extension of other forms of The Genesis of China’s Space territorial control, such as sea control or the control of Warfare Doctrine a nation’s airspace. -
Photographs Written Historical and Descriptive
CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, MISSILE ASSEMBLY HAER FL-8-B BUILDING AE HAER FL-8-B (John F. Kennedy Space Center, Hanger AE) Cape Canaveral Brevard County Florida PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD SOUTHEAST REGIONAL OFFICE National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 100 Alabama St. NW Atlanta, GA 30303 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, MISSILE ASSEMBLY BUILDING AE (Hangar AE) HAER NO. FL-8-B Location: Hangar Road, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Industrial Area, Brevard County, Florida. USGS Cape Canaveral, Florida, Quadrangle. Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinates: E 540610 N 3151547, Zone 17, NAD 1983. Date of Construction: 1959 Present Owner: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Present Use: Home to NASA’s Launch Services Program (LSP) and the Launch Vehicle Data Center (LVDC). The LVDC allows engineers to monitor telemetry data during unmanned rocket launches. Significance: Missile Assembly Building AE, commonly called Hangar AE, is nationally significant as the telemetry station for NASA KSC’s unmanned Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) program. Since 1961, the building has been the principal facility for monitoring telemetry communications data during ELV launches and until 1995 it processed scientifically significant ELV satellite payloads. Still in operation, Hangar AE is essential to the continuing mission and success of NASA’s unmanned rocket launch program at KSC. It is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under Criterion A in the area of Space Exploration as Kennedy Space Center’s (KSC) original Mission Control Center for its program of unmanned launch missions and under Criterion C as a contributing resource in the CCAFS Industrial Area Historic District. -
Tailoring Deterrence for China in Space for More Information on This Publication, Visit
C O R P O R A T I O N KRISTA LANGELAND, DEREK GROSSMAN Tailoring Deterrence for China in Space For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA943-1. About RAND The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. To learn more about RAND, visit www.rand.org. Research Integrity Our mission to help improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis is enabled through our core values of quality and objectivity and our unwavering commitment to the highest level of integrity and ethical behavior. To help ensure our research and analysis are rigorous, objective, and nonpartisan, we subject our research publications to a robust and exacting quality-assurance process; avoid both the appearance and reality of financial and other conflicts of interest through staff training, project screening, and a policy of mandatory disclosure; and pursue transparency in our research engagements through our commitment to the open publication of our research findings and recommendations, disclosure of the source of funding of published research, and policies to ensure intellectual independence. For more information, visit www.rand.org/about/principles. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © 2021 RAND Corporation is a registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0703-0 Cover: Long March 5 Y2 by 篁竹水声 Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. -
The European Launchers Between Commerce and Geopolitics
The European Launchers between Commerce and Geopolitics Report 56 March 2016 Marco Aliberti Matteo Tugnoli Short title: ESPI Report 56 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print), 2076-6688 (online) Published in March 2016 Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute, ESPI Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria http://www.espi.or.at Tel. +43 1 7181118-0; Fax -99 Rights reserved – No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose with- out permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “Source: ESPI Report 56; March 2016. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, inciden- tal or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: Panthera.cc ESPI Report 56 2 March 2016 The European Launchers between Commerce and Geopolitics Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction 10 1.1 Access to Space at the Nexus of Commerce and Geopolitics 10 1.2 Objectives of the Report 12 1.3 Methodology and Structure 12 2. Access to Space in Europe 14 2.1 European Launchers: from Political Autonomy to Market Dominance 14 2.1.1 The Quest for European Independent Access to Space 14 2.1.3 European Launchers: the Current Family 16 2.1.3 The Working System: Launcher Strategy, Development and Exploitation 19 2.2 Preparing for the Future: the 2014 ESA Ministerial Council 22 2.2.1 The Path to the Ministerial 22 2.2.2 A Look at Europe’s Future Launchers and Infrastructure 26 2.2.3 A Revolution in Governance 30 3. -
The Delta Launch Vehicle- Past, Present, and Future
The Space Congress® Proceedings 1981 (18th) The Year of the Shuttle Apr 1st, 8:00 AM The Delta Launch Vehicle- Past, Present, and Future J. K. Ganoung Manager Spacecraft Integration, McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co. H. Eaton Delta Launch Program, McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co. Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Ganoung, J. K. and Eaton, H., "The Delta Launch Vehicle- Past, Present, and Future" (1981). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 7. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1981-18th/session-6/7 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE DELTA LAUNCH VEHICLE - PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE J. K. Ganoung, Manager H. Eaton, Jr., Director Spacecraft Integration Delta Launch Program McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co. McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co. INTRODUCTION an "interim space launch vehicle." The THOR was to be modified for use as the first stage, the The Delta launch vehicle is a medium class Vanguard second stage propulsion system, was used expendable booster managed by the NASA Goddard as the Delta second stage and the Vanguard solid Space Flight Center and used by the U.S. rocket motor became Delta's third stage. Government, private industry and foreign coun Following the eighteen month development program tries to launch scientific, meteorological, and failure to launch its first payload into or applications and communications satellites. -
Prospective Partner Profile in FP7 Space Projects: Invent Baltics LLC (
Prospective Partner Profile in FP7 Space projects: Invent Baltics LLC (www.invent.ee) Invent Baltics (INVENT) is an innovation consulting company for complete project life cycle management. People employed by the company demonstrate excellent track record in setting up international consortia for technology development and commercialization, business consulting of technology based enterprises and management of international research projects. INVENT has successfully launched more than 30 FP7 and EUREKA Eurostars grants. Space has been among one of the key areas of our interests. We have established a remarkable network of professional contacts and cooperation partners around Europe. Our cooperation network includes key players like EADS Astrium, Logica, OHB Sweden AB (former Space Systems Division at Swedish Space Corporation) and International Space University. We are strategic cooperation partner to Enterprise Estonia which also acts as Estonian Space Office. INVENT is a partner of the Enterprise Europe Network (EEN) offering innovation support to Estonian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and research centers in technology transfer and international R&D cooperation. INVENT is a partner of the FP7 project “Making Progress and Economic enhancement a Reality for SMEs” aiming to acquire a comprehensive insight into the design, implementation and impact of existing SME research and innovation support programmes and initiatives in the whole EU27 Member States. Since space-related activities were initiated in Estonia, INVENT has established itself as a key service provider of space-related support activities. INVENT has been facilitating the process of Estonian European Space Agency (ESA) membership and more active participation of Estonian organization in FP7 “Space” thematic priority. -
Towards a New Franco-German Partnership in Space
Joint ESPI - FRS - IFRI - SWP Policy Memorandum: Towards a New Franco-German Partnership in Space November 2008 France and Germany have long been partners in space. However new attitudes and directions in their respective space programmes are affecting the nature of traditional Franco-German space relations in an evolving European space context. The longstanding partnership is at a juncture. In this context there is a need for a new dialogue to define what future directions the partnership should take. This joint memorandum initiated by the European Space Policy Institute (ESPI), and prepared together with the Paris-based Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique (FRS) and the Institut Français des Relations Internationales (IFRI), as well as the Berlin-based German Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) aims to provide reflections on the state of current Franco-German space relations and to lay out issues to be considered in the months ahead by decision makers in both countries to provide a new impetus to the Franco-German partnership. It also aims to serve as an input to the upcoming ESA Council at Ministerial Level. Introduction France and Germany have from the beginning of European space activities played a pivotal role in shaping European strategies and contents and are historically among the main promoters of a strong European space effort. The Franco-German axis is thus often referred to as the driving force of the European space endeavour. Furthermore, even with a geographically enlarged European Union (EU) and European Space Agency (ESA), the Franco-German relationship remains a major force shaping the priorities and broader agenda of Europe in space. -
The US Space Guard Ziarnick
The US Space Guard Institutional Support to Space Commerce Brent D. Ziarnick Captain, U.S. Air Force Reserve © Captain Brent D. Ziarnick, 2010. All Rights Reserved. Introduction This chapter discusses some methods and institutions that will bridge the gap between today’s practical reality of space commerce as satellites and signals and future visions of commercial empires in an outer space populated by thousands of human beings and shared by space enthusiasts. It argues that the present and future of space commerce are not two isolated and foreign concepts, but merely two points on a continuous wave of human progress that already shares a common character and logic. By identifying the underlying structural similarity between the present and future of space commerce, we can envision a way to connect the two concepts in the mind of the public that will enhance the former and prepare the way to reach the latter. The ultimate purpose of establishing a continuum of space commerce in this paper is to argue for the logic and necessity of creating an institution that can act as the stewards of the space industry in any form – a military space service. 334 Space Commerce The service will be formed by merging some of today’s military and civil space agencies, and would be immediately relevant and useful in today’s space activities. At the same time, it will be inherently adaptable to any future direction of space commerce while maintaining a doctrine and culture that will be equally comfortable operating Global Positioning System satellites or rescuing stranded passengers on a punctured and decompressing space station.