Notes on Our Collection of Central Asian and Siberian Literature
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Globalization ’s Impact on Mongolian Identity Issues and the Image of Chinggis Khan Alicia J. Campi PART I: The Mongols, this previously unheard-of nation that unexpectedly emerged to terrorize the whole world for two hundred years, disappeared again into obscurity with the advent of firearms. Even so, the name Mongol became one forever familiar to humankind, and the entire stretch of the thirteenth through the fifteenth centuries has come to be known as the Mongol era.' PART II; The historic science was the science, which has been badly affect ed, and the people of Mongolia bid farewell to their history and learned by heart the bistort' with distortion but fuU of ideolog}'. Because of this, the Mong olians started to forget their religious rituals, customs and traditions and the pa triotic feelings of Mongolians turned to the side of perishing as the internation alism was put above aU.^ PART III: For decades, Mongolia had subordinated national identity to So viet priorities __Now, they were set adrift in a sea of uncertainty, and Mongol ians were determined to define themselves as a nation and as a people. The new freedom was an opportunity as well as a crisis." As the three above quotations indicate, identity issues for the Mongolian peoples have always been complicated. In our increas ingly interconnected, media-driven world culture, nations with Baabar, Histoij of Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar: Monsudar Publishing, 1999), 4. 2 “The Political Report of the First Congress of the Mongolian Social-Demo cratic Party” (March 31, 1990), 14. " Tsedendamdyn Batbayar, Mongolia’s Foreign Folicy in the 1990s: New Identity and New Challenges (Ulaanbaatar: Institute for Strategic Studies, 2002), 8. -
'Danzanravjaa Is My Hero!': the Transformation of Tradition In
> Portrait ‘Danzanravjaa is my hero!’: the transformation of tradition in contemporary Mongolian poetry This is quite possibly the first literary critical paper to be written in English on contemporary Mongolian poetry.1 As such, it would seem fitting that the title used here repeats the words of the poet Ayurzana. That he, a member of Ulaanbaatar’s young, cool intelligentsia, should see the 19th century poet-monk Danzanravjaa as his hero provides us with a powerful socio-cultural platform from which to observe how these young poets work in a modern idiom while remaining aware of their Mongolian heritage. g-a ayurzana (1970) Simon Wickham-Smith enchantment, the creation of a dream state through allitera- tion and echo. Standing in the silence of night, my mind stupefied, have written here previously on the life and work of the Who was it flashed across my dulled sight? I 5th Noyon Khutugt Danzanravjaa.2 Danzanravjaa’s educa- In fact, it is more a memory than a dream, but a memory This vision was as incense through the darkness, tion provided him with a vast corpus of religious and liter- caught in the clasp of melancholy, which characterises much A path of sadness hanging in the air. ary material from which he could draw, and it is the use he of this poetry. Take, for instance, Ölziitögs’s poem In your made of this tradition which characterises his poetic output. absence. For me, the overwhelming loss expressed in this I stumbled along a lighted path, Structurally, his technique makes frequent use of the head- poem is a temporary loss, and this emphasises the feeling that Seeking what remained in my memory. -
The Formation of Kyrgyz Foreign Policy 1991-2004
THE FORMATION OF KYRGYZ FOREIGN POLICY 1991-2004 A Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of The FletCher SChool of Law and DiplomaCy, Tufts University By THOMAS J. C. WOOD In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2005 Professor Andrew Hess (Chair) Professor John Curtis Perry Professor Sung-Yoon Lee ii Thomas J.C. Wood [email protected] Education 2005: Ph.D. Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University Dissertation Formation of Kyrgyz Foreign Policy 1992-2004 Supervisor, Professor Andrew Hess. 1993: M.A.L.D. Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University 1989: B.A. in History and Politics, University of Exeter, England. Experience 08/2014-present: Associate Professor, Political Science, University of South Carolina Aiken, Aiken, SC. 09/2008-07/2014: Assistant Professor, Political Science, University of South Carolina Aiken, Aiken, SC. 09/2006-05/2008: Visiting Assistant Professor, Political Science, Trinity College, Hartford, CT. 02/2005 – 04/2006: Program Officer, Kyrgyzstan, International Foundation for Election Systems (IFES) Washington DC 11/2000 – 06/2004: Director of Faculty Recruitment and University Relations, Civic Education Project, Washington DC. 01/1998-11/2000: Chair of Department, Program in International Relations, American University – Central Asia, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. 08/1997-11/2000: Civic Education Project Visiting Faculty Fellow, American University- Central Asia, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Languages Languages: Turkish (advanced), Kyrgyz (intermediate), Russian (basic), French (intermediate). iii ABSTRACT The Evolution of Kyrgyz Foreign PoliCy This empirical study, based on extensive field research, interviews with key actors, and use of Kyrgyz and Russian sources, examines the formation of a distinct foreign policy in a small Central Asian state, Kyrgyzstan, following her independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. -
Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers
Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Harsha Ram, Chair Professor Irina Paperno Professor Yuri Slezkine Fall 2010 ABSTRACT Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures University of California, Berkeley Professor Harsha Ram, Chair The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 reminded many that “Soviet” and “Russian” were not synonymous, but this distinction continues to be overlooked when discussing Soviet literature. Like the Soviet Union, Soviet literature was a consciously multinational, multiethnic project. This dissertation approaches Soviet literature in its broadest sense – as a cultural field incorporating texts, institutions, theories, and practices such as writing, editing, reading, canonization, education, performance, and translation. It uses archival materials to analyze how Soviet literary institutions combined Russia’s literary heritage, the doctrine of socialist realism, and nationalities policy to conceptualize the national literatures, a term used to define the literatures of the non-Russian peripheries. It then explores how such conceptions functioned in practice in the early 1930s, in both Moscow and Baku, the capital of Soviet Azerbaijan. Although the debates over national literatures started well before the Revolution, this study focuses on 1932-34 as the period when they crystallized under the leadership of the Union of Soviet Writers. -
P Mo 7 2 2001.Pdf
CONTENTS TEXTS AND MANUSCRIPTS: DESCRIPTION AND RESEARCH. 3 \'. Kushev. Thc Dawn of Pashtun Linguistics: Early Grammatical and Lexicographical Works and Their Manuscripts 3 M. \'orobyorn-Dcsyato\'skaya. A Sanskrit Manuscript on Birch-Bark from Bairam-Ali. 11. .frad£111a and ./iiruku (Part 3) 10 M. Rezrnn. Qu1"anic Fragments from the A. A. Polovtsov Collection at the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies 20 PRESENTING THE COLLECTIONS. 36 E. Rczrnn. Oricntal Manuscripts of Karl Faberge. II: R<lgamii/c/ Miniatures of the Album (Muraqqa ') (Part One) 36 D. \'lorozo\'. Forgotten Oriental Documents 46 PRESENTING THE MANUSCRIPT. 50 I. Petrosyan. A Late Copy of the Glwrlh-mlma by · Ashiq-pasha 50 .\. KhaiidO\. A Manuscript of an Anthology by al-Abt. 60 ORIENTAL ICONOGRAPHY 64 0. Akimushkin. Arabic-Script Sources on Kamal al-Din Bchziid 64 BOOK REVIEWS. 69 F r o n t c o v e r: "Desvarati (Varari. Yaradi) Ragin!', watercolour. gouache and gold on p!per. Deccan. second half of the 18th century. Album (Muraqqa ') X 3 in the Karl Faberge collection at the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Sti.rlics. fol. 25 a, 11.5 x 17 .0 cm. Back cover: "La Ii ta Raginf', watercolour. gouaehe and gold on paper. Dcrcan. second half of the 18th century. Same Album. fol. 34 b, 13.5 x 23.0 cm. THESA PUBLISHERS I\ CO-OPERA TIO\ WITH ST. PETERSBURG BRANCH OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES £l!lnnuscriptn Orientnlin "'nternntionnl dournnl for OrientAI tl'!Jnnusrript .?esenrrh Vol. 7 No. -
Exploring the Persistence of Mongolian Women Leaders Holly D
Antioch University AURA - Antioch University Repository and Archive Student & Alumni Scholarship, including Dissertations & Theses Dissertations & Theses 2019 Centuries of Navigating Resistance and Change: Exploring the Persistence of Mongolian Women Leaders Holly D. Diaz Antioch University - PhD Program in Leadership and Change Follow this and additional works at: https://aura.antioch.edu/etds Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Gender and Sexuality Commons, Leadership Studies Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Sociology of Culture Commons Recommended Citation Diaz, Holly D., "Centuries of Navigating Resistance and Change: Exploring the Persistence of Mongolian Women Leaders" (2019). Dissertations & Theses. 485. https://aura.antioch.edu/etds/485 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student & Alumni Scholarship, including Dissertations & Theses at AURA - Antioch University Repository and Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations & Theses by an authorized administrator of AURA - Antioch University Repository and Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Centuries of Navigating Resistance and Change: Exploring the Persistence of Mongolian Women Leaders Holly Diaz ORCID Scholar ID# 0000-0001-9344-2729 A Dissertation Submitted to the PhD in Leadership and Change Program of Antioch University in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2019 This dissertation has been approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in Leadership and Change, Graduate School of Leadership and Change, Antioch University. Dissertation Committee • Elizabeth Holloway, Ph.D., Committee Chair • Tony Lingham, Ph.D., Committee Member • Karen Stout, Ph.D., Committee Member Copyright 2019 Holly Diaz All Rights Reserved Acknowledgements They say it takes a village, and this dissertation process was no exception. -
Rural Youth Within Changing Education, Formal Labour Market and Informal Economic Conditions During Postsocialist Transformation Period in the Kyrgyz Republic
Rural Youth Within Changing Education, Formal Labour Market and Informal Economic Conditions During Postsocialist Transformation Period in the Kyrgyz Republic by Rakhat Zholdoshalieva A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education Department of Social Justice Education Ontario Institute for Studies in Education University of Toronto © Copyright by Rakhat Zholdoshalieva 2016 Rural Youth within Changing Education, Formal Labour Market and Informal Economic Conditions during Post-Soviet Transformation Period in the Kyrgyz Republic Doctor of Education 2016 Rakhat Zholdoshalieva Department of Social Justice Education University of Toronto Abstract This qualitative case study examines the experiences, expectations and aspirations of education, employment, and future prospects of a group of rural youth growing up in the postsocialist era in southern Kyrgyzstan. Despite popular conceptions that youth are the authors of their life projects with an abundance of choice (Du Bois Reymond, 1995), the socially determining categories of social class, gender, ethnicity, and place still structure these choices and shape the life chances of contemporary youth (Roberts, 2010). This study shows how the postsocialist transformation has increased the burdens and uncertainties of young people and undermined the stability and security of their futures (DeYoung, 2010; Korzh, 2014; Roche, 2014; Walker, 2011). It identifies educational and social inequalities persisting from traditional Kyrgyz and Soviet society, as -
Literary Culture and Social Change Among the Northern Kyrgyz, 1856-1924
Visions of Community: Literary Culture and Social Change among the Northern Kyrgyz, 1856-1924 Jipar Duishembieva A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2015 Reading Committee: Elena Campbell, Chair Glennys Young Ali Igmen Program Authorized to offer Degree: Near and Middle Eastern Studies Program ©Copyright 2015 Jipar Duishembieva University of Washington Abstract Visions of Community: Literary Culture and Social Change among the Northern Kyrgyz, 1856-1924 Jipar Duishembieva Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Elena Campbell, Associate Professor Department of History This dissertation examines the transformations in the northern Kyrgyz society and culture between the mid-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. I explore how a deeply-held and territorially-oriented sense of collective belonging among the Kyrgyz developed within the Russian imperial context through the efforts of the Kyrgyz poets and intellectuals during the late tsarist period. I search for this sense of collective belonging in the literary culture of the northern Kyrgyz. In the absence of written culture, oral tradition served as the primary depository of the northern Kyrgyz collective memory. Oral poets were the ones who shaped group identities and created various versions of Kyrgyzness based on culture, lifestyle, religious belief, social practices, and moral values. By the late imperial period, these existing conceptions of Kyrgyzness served as a fertile ground for the first generation of Kyrgyz intellectuals to develop their own visions of Kyrgyz community. They started collecting and writing what they believed to be the history of their people, thus contributing to the creation of the nationalistic narrative and participating in a broader discourse on the nation in the intellectual circles of the Central Asian elites. -
The Interplay Between Text and Image: the Molon Toyin's Tale
The Interplay between Text and Image: The Molon Toyin’s Tale Vesna A. Wallace, University of California, Santa Barbara Wallace, Vesna A. “The Interplay between Text and Image: The Molon Toyin’s Tale.” Cross- Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review 31: 58– 81. https://cross- currents.berkeley.edu/e-journal/issue-31/wallace. Abstract The anonymous illustrated manuscript of the Molon Toyin’s tale examined in this article is one of many narrative illustrations of popular Buddhist tales that circulated in Mongolia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and that have come to us in different lengths and forms. This article seeks to demonstrate that when a text and the accompanying narrative illustrations are brought together in a single manuscript, they enhance each other’s productive efficacy through their respective verbal and pictorial imagery. An illustrated text cross-references between the linguistic and visual worlds of experience and lends itself to interdisciplinary approaches. To a certain degree, it also subverts any differentiation between the linguistic and pictorial signs and challenges the notion of a self-sufficient text. As in the case of other illustrated manuscripts of the Molon Toyin’s tale, here, too, the author’s or illustrator’s main concern is to illustrate the workings of karma and its results, expressing them in compelling, pictorial terms. At the same time, illustrations also function both as visual memory aids and as the means of aesthetic gratification. Due to the anonymity of the manuscript examined in this article, it is difficult to determine with any certainty whether the orthography and graphic features of the manuscript’s illustrations are conditioned by the scribe, who is most likely also an illustrator, by his monastic training and the place where he received it, or by the expectations of the patron who commissioned the manuscript. -
The Kyrgyz Republic Kirgiz Respublikası
Country in a Box: The Kyrgyz Republic Kirgiz Respublikası Tash Rabat in Naryn Province, Kyrgyzstan A Teacher’s Guide Compiled by the Center for Eurasian, Russian and East European Studies Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University http://ceres.georgetown.edu 1 Kyrgyzstan in a Box: Table of Contents Facts at a Glance 3-6 History of Kyrgyzstan 7-10 Timeline of Major Events in Kyrgyz History 11 Kyrgyz Culture 12-14 Folklore: The Manas Epic 15-16 Additional Resources 17 “Rich Kyrgyz Hunter with Eagle” Painting by Vasily Vereshchagin (1842-1904) 2 Kyrgyzstan: Facts at a Glance _______ Text and map taken directly from Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook: Kyrgyzstan. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/kg.html Country Name: Kyrgyz Republic Capital: Bishkek Background: A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, most of Kyrgyzstan was formally annexed to Russia in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916 in which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1936 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in the spring of 2005 resulted in the ouster of President Askar Akaev, who had run the country since 1990. Former prime minister Kurmanbek Bakiev overwhelmingly won the presidential election in the summer of 2005. Over the next few years, he manipulated the parliament to accrue new powers for the presidency. In July 2009, after months of harassment against his opponents and media critics, Bakiev won re-election in a presidential campaign that the international community deemed flawed. -
THREE PRAYER TEXTS by ÖNDÖR GEGEEN ZANABAZAR Zsuzsa
THREE PRAYER TEXTS BY ÖNDÖR GEGEEN ZANABAZAR Zsuzsa Majer Introduction A study of the activities as a head of Mongolian Buddhism and the works of Öndör Gegeen Zanabazar (1635-1723), the first head of Mongolia Buddhism, has been the topic of numerous books and articles written in Mongolia.i A ceremony commemorating Zanabazar’s death is regularly held in every Mongolian temple on the fourteenth day of the first month of spring, which is known as the “Great Day of Öndör Gegeen” (Öndör gegeenii ikh düitsen ödör, Tib. dus chen). As it coincides with the fourteenth day of the ceremonies of the Lunar New Year, on that day, a double ceremony called the “Two-fold Prayer” (Davkhar yerööl) is held. Before looking at prayers composed by Zanabazar included in this chapter, let us first give a short description of Zanabazar’s activities in general, and then examine the circumstances and background to the composition of his prayers and their usage in the ceremonial system in the pre-socialist Mongolia and today. ii No account of the ceremonial texts written by Zanabazar is known in English or in any other European language.iii A brief discussion on the usage of these texts in the ceremonial system, the recommendations of having them recited, and the background information to the ceremonial system of Mongolian Buddhism are all based on the field research carried out by the author of this chapter. All three prayers translated in this chapter were composed in the Tibetan language. The first included in this chapter remains the most important prayer in the daily practice of Mongolian Buddhists, thus, being the main prayer in Mongolian Buddhism in general, in which the texts of different Tibetan Buddhist traditions and lineages are ortherwise used. -
Sacred Sites of Ysyk-Köl: Spiritual Power, Pilgrimage, and Art
8AIGINE CULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER SACRED SITES OF YSYK-KÖL: SPIRITUAL POWER, PILGRIMAGE, AND ART Editors: Gulnara Aitpaeva Aida Egemberdieva Bishkek-2009 © 2009 Aigine Cultural Research Center 93 Toktogul st., Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan 720040 The research and this publication were supported by The Christensen Fund, 394 University Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA This book has been reviewed in the Department of Archeology and Ethnography of the Jusup Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or distributed in any printed or electronic form without the authors‘ permission. Chief Editor of the Project: Gulnara Aitpaeva Editors: Gulnara Aitpaeva, Doctor of Philology Aida Egemberdieva, Candidate of Philology The English version of the book was prepared by: Izabella Mier-Jędrzejowicz, Guljan Kudabaeva, Aida Alymbaeva Based on the Kyrgyz version: Ысык-Кµлдµг‰ ыйык жерлер: касиет, зыярат, µнµр; and Russian version: Святые места Иссык-Куля: паломничество, дар, мастерство. MB Sacred Sites of Ysyk-Köl: Spiritual Power, Pilgrimage, and Art. ISBN Kyrgyzstan Book House codes: UDK BBK M M CONTENTS NOTE FROM THE EDITORS....................................................................7 FOREWORD.................................................................................................9 PART I..........................................................................................................14 CHAPTER 1. SACRED SITES OF THE YSYK-KÖL............................14 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................14