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P Mo 7 2 2001.Pdf CONTENTS TEXTS AND MANUSCRIPTS: DESCRIPTION AND RESEARCH. 3 \'. Kushev. Thc Dawn of Pashtun Linguistics: Early Grammatical and Lexicographical Works and Their Manuscripts 3 M. \'orobyorn-Dcsyato\'skaya. A Sanskrit Manuscript on Birch-Bark from Bairam-Ali. 11. .frad£111a and ./iiruku (Part 3) 10 M. Rezrnn. Qu1"anic Fragments from the A. A. Polovtsov Collection at the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies 20 PRESENTING THE COLLECTIONS. 36 E. Rczrnn. Oricntal Manuscripts of Karl Faberge. II: R<lgamii/c/ Miniatures of the Album (Muraqqa ') (Part One) 36 D. \'lorozo\'. Forgotten Oriental Documents 46 PRESENTING THE MANUSCRIPT. 50 I. Petrosyan. A Late Copy of the Glwrlh-mlma by · Ashiq-pasha 50 .\. KhaiidO\. A Manuscript of an Anthology by al-Abt. 60 ORIENTAL ICONOGRAPHY 64 0. Akimushkin. Arabic-Script Sources on Kamal al-Din Bchziid 64 BOOK REVIEWS. 69 F r o n t c o v e r: "Desvarati (Varari. Yaradi) Ragin!', watercolour. gouache and gold on p!per. Deccan. second half of the 18th century. Album (Muraqqa ') X 3 in the Karl Faberge collection at the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Sti.rlics. fol. 25 a, 11.5 x 17 .0 cm. Back cover: "La Ii ta Raginf', watercolour. gouaehe and gold on paper. Dcrcan. second half of the 18th century. Same Album. fol. 34 b, 13.5 x 23.0 cm. THESA PUBLISHERS I\ CO-OPERA TIO\ WITH ST. PETERSBURG BRANCH OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES £l!lnnuscriptn Orientnlin "'nternntionnl dournnl for OrientAI tl'!Jnnusrript .?esenrrh Vol. 7 No. 2 June 200 I 7.Sl.Sd\ .jt. 1Jetersbur9 LY!Jnnuscr1ptA Or1entAt1A l:,jim A. Reww1 (St. Petersburg), Editor-in-Chief, Irina Ye. Petrosyan (SL. Petersburg), Deputy Editor-in-Chief, /:,'dward N. !)·omliin (St. Petersburg), Editor, Margarita/. \'orobym1a-De.1yatovskaya (St. Petersburg), Editor Maria E R.e:van (St. Petersburg), Executi\·e Officer Advisory Board Y11ri A. Petrosyan, Chainnan (St. Petersburg) Oleg A.kim11shkin (St. Petersburg) - Malarhi Beit-A.rir Uerusalem) - Stej(mo Carboni (t\ewYork) - Ronald Emmerirk (Hamburg) - Boris Gidaspov (St. Petersburg) - Frr111rhesrn von Habsburg (Lugano) - Tapani f/an1iainm (Helsinki) - Gyiirgy Kara (Budapest) - ;lnas Khalidov (St. Petersburg) - fa1gmij Kvrhanov (St. Petersburg) -Jan Mayer (Frankfurt/M) - LPv Menshilwv (St. Petersburg) - Tat.1110 Nishida (Kvoto) - Ciova1111i Stary (Venezia) English Editor Da11id Kimmage (St. Petersburg) Technical Editor A.1111a 7,hor;i11a (St. Petersburg) Photography J:'lena Dmissm1a (St. Petersburg) Copyright 'D Copyright 200 I by Thcsa. Russia All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the pub Iis her. Subscriptions Subscription orders may be made directly to the publisher - Thesa. 14 Dobrolyubov Str., office 358, 197198 St. Petersburg. Russia (tel./ fax:+ 7 (812) 238 9594; e-mail: [email protected]). Subscription orders arc accepted for complete volumes only. orders taking effect with the first issue of any year. Claims for replacement of damaged issues or of issues lost in transit should be made within ten months after the appearance of the relevant issue and will be met if stocks permit. Back issues are available. For further information and subscription forms, please, visit our web site under: http://orient.thcsa.ru )i{yp11an "JaperncTp11posa11 Cesepo-"Jana1111b1M pernoHaJlhHblM ynpasne1111eM locKOMHTeTa P<l> no ne'!arn 24. 03. 2000 r. PerncTpaUHOHHblH HOMep: n 4312. YYpeJlHTeJJb 11 HJ!laTCJJh - ·· 000 «Te"Ja» 197198, Ca11KT-neTep6ypr. yn . .[lo6porno6oBa, n. 14, ocjrnc 358. lnaBHblH pcnaKTop - E. A. PcJBa11 Tenetjio11: + 7 (812) 312 3606; cjlaKc: + 7 (812) 311 5101; e-mail: [email protected] ISSN 1238-5018 Printed in Russia TEXTS AND MANUSCRIPTS: DESCRIPTION AND RESEARCH V. V. Kushev THE DAWN OF PASHTUN LINGUISTICS: EARLY GRAMMATIC AL AND LEXICOGRAPHICAL WORKS AND THEIR MANUSCRIPTS One finds the first attempt at a study of the Pash to language .'via "rifat al-a/gh,/11/ was published in 1341 1923 in in the introductory section of one of the oldest works in Lahore to fill an order by Kandahar book-traders and was this language to have come down to us in manuscript form. reissued in 1356/ 1977 in Kabul. edited and with a forward the treatise Khayr 11/-hayt/11 by Bayazld An~arl ( 1525 by l:lablballah Ran·. The edition follows the text of 1579). Written in the mid-sixteenth century. the work a manuscript dated to 1230/ 1815 held today in the collec­ is represented by only two manuscripts. one copied in tion of the Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan [7]. The I 061I1651 (it was discovered in the twentieth century and work consists of I 0 chapters. but the main body of the text changed hands several times: today at the Staatsbibliothek begins with the fitih chapter following versified glorifica­ zu Berlin)[!] and another in 1079/1668 (today in the tion of Allah. the Prophet Mul!ammad. his a.y(1,/hs. and the Salarjang Museum in Hyderabad. India) [2]. It was pub­ reigning ruler. The lifth chapter contains phrases and words lished in Peshawar ( 1967) and Kabul ( 1975) on the basis of otien used by rulers of various levels. grandees. dignitaries. the first manuscript. The introductory part of the treatise and dlll·,/11 officials (on drawing up.finntlns and other docu­ contains instructions for conveying the sounds of the ments. rewards and punishments. the organization of Afghan language in writing and a full list of the letters meetings. etc.). The sixth chapter explains works and of the alphabet. This leads one to believe that the treatise expressions used in everyday life (commerce and prices. was the first work to be written in the alphabet employed agriculture. gardening. irrigation. etc.). The seventh chapter there. which is conlirmed by a remark by one of Biiyazld's treats clothing. food. and drink. The eighth gives words and pupils and followers. the poet Dawlat Lawii1iay: "The phrases used by nomads. livestock-breeders. and shepherds. Afghan language was difficult. no one read or wrote in it. The ninth chapter contains hunting terms. The tenth chapter and he (Bayazld V K) created 13 letters for it" [3 ]. is a general dictionary with five thematic sections and one G. Morgenstiernc. a great authority in Iranian studies. be­ alphabetical section. It is clear that the Ma 'ri/ill al-afkh,1111 lieved that Biiyazld created a "special writing system for is not a grammar, as some researchers have presented it, but Pashto". His view is shared by contemporary philologists a textbook whose author pursued the aim to create a guide at the Pashto Academy of Peshawar University [4]. for studying the Afghan language. The Pashto-speaking Later. the writing system and suggestions for its im­ provement were treated by Bayazld's junior contemporary prince Sulayman probably had little need to use it: it was and ideological opponent Akhiind Darweza ( 1533-1638) more likely intended for Dari-speaking governors. city heads. courtiers. and officials who were supposed to learn and his son. · Abd al-Karim. in their joint work Makh~a11 a/­ is/am [5]. The best-known Pashtun literary figure. statesman. the basis of Pashto syntax and morphology in order to draw and military leader Khushl!al-khan Khaiak ( 1613-1689) up court documents and official correspondence so that also contributed to the subject. It was he who proposed spe­ Pashto could become the language of administration and cial graphemes for specific sounds in Pashto [ 6 ]. But actual other matters in the then capital. These goals dictated the linguistic works with an investigation of grammar and lexicon content and structure of the textbook ti.1r adult students. It began to appear only in the second half of the eighteenth cen­ presumed that grammar would be absorbed from phrases tu1y. The first of them were clemcntaiy and relatively primi­ and individual words given in various grammatical forms. tive teaching materials and conversation books. The earliest A sentence of identical content is given with the verb in of them was the Pashto textbook Ala 'ri/ill 11/-11fkhii11/ ("Learn­ more than 20 forms for various persons. numbers, and ing of the Afghan Language") by 11111/i<I PTr Mul!ammad tenses. Although the work is hardly a scholarly achieve­ Kakai· in 1186/ 1773. a well-known poet who also gained ment even by the standards of the time. it is of interest for fame as a preacher and theologian and was invited by the author's methodology and has great practical signifi­ Al!mad-shah Dunanl ( 1747-1773) to be the teacher and tu­ cance. In our day. it can be viewed as a relic of cultural life tor of members of the Shah's family. He presented his work to in the administrative. economic. and literary centre of the the Shah's brother Sulaymiin during this prince's brief reign. Durrani state. t \'. V Kushc\'. ~001 4 ll'!)AnuscriptA OrientAliA. VOL. 7 NO. 2 JUNE 2001 Somewhat later, two works of relatively large scale ap­ of British authorities (East India Company); the next, peared. The first of them, entitled Amad-nama-yi afghan/ Farhang-i irti<fa '/ (1225 II 810), for the Indian raja Plray­ ("Introduction to the Afghan Language"), contains para­ La 'l, dedicated to the "lord of the sword and pen Na?im digms for verb conjugation and a dictionary of the most al-dawla Sayf al-muliik Diistdar-khan Mister Archibald widely used words. The grammatical part consists of alpha­ Seton Bahadur Shahamat Jang": another, 'Aja 'ib al-lughiit, betically arranged chapters: for each verb we find the in­ drawn up by the brother of the first work's author, was finitive, present and past tenses.
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