NOTES FOR GUIDANCE

Level 1 Diploma in and Joinery (DIP056)

Notes for guidance content provides the range of subject material for the programme of learning and specifies the skills, knowledge and understanding required for achievement of the unit. 

2 Contents

1 Introduction 4

2 Units:

CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries. 5

CSA-L1Core02 Knowledge of technical information, quantities and communication with others. 17

CSA-L1Core03 Knowledge of construction technology. 19

CSA-L1Occ09 Produce joints. 22

CSA-L1Occ10 Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand . 27

CSA-L1Occ11 Prepare and use carpentry and joinery portable power tools. 32

3 Additional information 36

4 Glossary of Terms 37

3 Introduction

Introduction

This document contains all of the information required for the delivery of the level 1 and level 2 core units that support a number of Cskills Awards training qualifications.

The unit content identifies the breadth and knowledge, and understanding needed to design and deliver a programme of learning to achieve each of the learning outcomes and assessment criteria.

The learning outcomes set out what a learner is expected to know, understand or be able to do as the result of a process of learning.

The assessment criteria specify the standard a learner is expected to meet to demonstrate that a learning outcome, or set of learning outcomes, has been achieved.

The Notes for Guidance content provides further subject material for the programme of learning on what areas within the assessment criteria must be covered in the delivery of the unit.

Additional Information

This is informed by the underpinning knowledge and understanding requirements of the related NOS, where relevant.

Glossary of Terms

The Glossary of Terms lists the key words and terms used across the units.

4 Unit content: CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

1. Know the health and 1.1 Identify key health and safety legislation Legislation safety regulations, roles relevant to and used in a construction - Health and Safety at Work Act (HASAWA) and responsibilities. environment. - Reporting Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences (RIDDOR) - Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) - Control of asbestos at work regulations - Provision and Use of Work Equipment (PUWER) - manual handling - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - working at height.

1.2 State the key employer responsibilities Employer Responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work Act - safe working environment (HASAWA). - adequate staff training - health and safety information - risk assessment - supervision - PPE.

1.3 State the key employee responsibilities Employee Responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work Act - working safely (HASAWA). - working in partnership with the employer - reporting hazards, near misses and accidents correctly - wearing PPE - following organisational procedures.

1.4 State the roles and responsibilities of the Roles and Responsibilities Health and Safety Executive (HSE). - enforcement - legislation and advice - inspection.

5 Unit content: CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

1.5 Identify other sources of relevant health and Sources safety information. - Health and Safety Executive (HSE) website - CITB-Construction Skills publications - British Standards Institute (BSI) - Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (ROSPA) - Royal Society for Public Health (RSPH) - British Safety Council - Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.

1.6 State when legislation would require the Reporting Health and Safety Executive (HSE) to be - deaths and injuries informed. - occupational disease - dangerous occurrence: a collapse, explosion, fire or collision - gas accidents: any accidental leaks or other incident related to gas.

1.7 State why there is a requirement for - enforcing stringent guidance in health and safety.

1.8 State the importance of holding on-site safety - inductions and toolbox talks.

1.9 State how your behaviour and actions could - affect others.

6 Unit content: CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

2. Know the accident and 2.1 State the major types of emergencies that Types of emergencies emergency procedures could occur in the workplace. - fires and how to report them. - unexploded ordnance - flooding - security alerts - collapse - gas leaks - chemicals - falling from height.

2.2 State the key legislation used for reporting Legislation accidents. - Reporting Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences (RIDDOR).

2.3 State the different types of injuries, Types diseases and dangerous occurrences in the - falls and trips workplace. - electrocution - burns - wail’s disease - vibration white finger.

2.4 State the main types of records used in the Types of records event of an accident or emergency. - accident reporting documentation - first aid records - organisational records and documentation - relevant legislation.

2.5 State why it is important to report accidents Important and near misses. - preventing future accidents - insurance obligations.

7 Unit content: CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

2.6 State the difference between major and - minor injuries and the meaning of a near miss.

2.7 List the key accident trends within the In reference to: United Kingdom construction industry. - Health and Safety Executive (HSE) - Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA).

2.8 State the effects that common types of Effects accidents and injuries could have on the - poor company image employer. - loss of production - insurance - closure of site.

2.9 List the authorised personnel who could Authorised personnel be involved in dealing with accident and - first aiders/emergency responders emergency situations. - supervisors/managers - health and safety executive - emergency services - safety officer.

2.10 List the contents of a basic first aid kit. -

2.11 State the actions to be taken on discovering Actions an accident. - area made safe - call for help (first aider) - emergency services - follow company procedures.

8 Unit content: CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

3. Know how to identify 3.1 State the importance of good Good housekeeping hazards on construction housekeeping. Cleanliness, tidiness, use of skips and chutes, segregation of sites. materials, clear access to fire escapes and fire extinguishers. Importance Minimising hazards, accidents and wastage.

3.2 State the purpose of risk assessments and - method statements.

3.3 List the major types of hazards in the Types of hazard workplace. - fires - tripping - chemical spills - falls from height - burns - electrical - exposure to hazardous substances (asbestos or mould infestation) - plant and vehicles.

3.4 State the importance and methods of Importance and methods reporting hazards. - prevent danger to others - prevent accidents/dangerous occurrences - hazard and accident books/near miss registers - site/company/workplace procedures.

3.5 State why hazards can be created by Why changing circumstances in the workplace. - construction site developments - plant and vehicles - new intake of work personnel - periods of extreme weather e.g. flood, wind, heat and snow.

9 Unit content: CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

3.6 State the importance of the correct storage of - combustibles and chemicals on site.

4. Know about health and 4.1 List the requirements for welfare facilities in Requirements hygiene in a construction a construction environment. - toilets environment. - washing facilities.

4.2 State the health effects of noise and the Health effects appropriate precautions that can be taken. - tinnitus - deafness Precautions - personal protective equipment - isolation - reducing noise at source - exposure time.

4.3 Identify the various substances hazardous Legislation to health and the appropriate precautions - COSHH that need to be taken. - asbestos regulations - explosives regulations Substances Lead , solvents, , cements, dust, contaminated soil or water, asbestos containing products/materials, Precautions Personal protective equipment, respiratory equipment (RPE), isolation, exposure times.

4.4 State the importance of personal hygiene. -

10 Unit content: CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

4.5 List possible consequences of health risks Health risks in the workplace. - dermatitis, skin cancer - infection, eye damage - head injury, cuts - wail’s disease - burns - hearing damage - respiratory failure - lung damage, lung disease - asbestosis - Hand/Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) or vibration white finger - death.

5. Know how to handle 5.1 State the procedures for safe lifting in Procedures and store materials and accordance with guidance and legislation. - manual handling techniques equipment safely. - mechanical lifting equipment/devices - team lifting.

5.2 State the importance of using site Safety equipment safety equipment when handling and Provision of different types of safety equipment to minimise storing materials and equipment. risk.

5.3 Identify the key legislation relating to the Legislation safe handling of materials and equipment. - HASAWA - manual handling - COSHH - asbestos regulations.

11 Unit content: CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

5.4 State the importance of correct storage of Importance construction materials. - minimising and dealing with spillages - maximising shelf life/stock rotation - ensuring safety to others when collecting resources from storage areas - manufacturers’ guidance/instructions - correct environment.

5.5 State the importance of waste control Waste control procedures procedures in the workplace. - reuse - recycling - general waste - contractual obligations/environmental considerations.

6. Know about basic 6.1 State the safe methods of use and Safe methods working platforms and appropriate parts of working platforms and - ensuring any work at height is planned, so access equipment. access equipment. proper precautions are put in place - ensuring equipment to be used for working at heights is inspected and maintained prior to and during use. Taking into account: - ground conditions - adverse weather conditions - loading - manufacturers’ guidance and instructions. Types of working platforms and access equipment: - working platforms - step ladders, ladders, extension ladders - proprietary scaffolds (e.g. mobile tower scaffolds).

12 Unit content: CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

6.2 State good practice methods in the use of Good practice methods, in relation to the use of: working platforms and access equipment. - working platforms - stepladders, ladders, extension ladders - proprietary scaffolding e.g. mobile tower scaffolds. Including: - moving - loading - storing materials on platforms.

6.3 Identify the dangers of working at height Dangers in relation to: when using basic working platforms and - general public access equipment. - employees - head injuries - falling from height - materials and objects falling from height - proximity hazards - fragile roofs.

7. Know how to work 7.1 State the precautions to be taken to avoid Precautions in relation to: safely around electricity risks to themselves and others when working - PAT testing in a construction with electricity. - RCD devices environment. - visually inspecting leads and cables prior to use - use of appropriate access equipment - use of portable power tools - use of tools and equipment.

7.2 State the dangers and effects of those Dangers dangers associated with the use of electricity. - burns - electrocution - fire.

13

Unit content: CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

7.3 State the different voltages that could be Voltages used in the workplace. - battery powered - 110 volts - 230 volts - 415 volts.

7.4 State why there is a need for cables to be In relation to: colour coded. Live, neutral and earth colours.

7.5 State the requirements for working Requirements: safely with equipment of differing electrical - use of protection devices e.g. RCD’s voltages. - only use other voltages above 110 volts if part of a safe system of work.

7.6 State the methods and importance of storing - electrical equipment correctly.

8. Know how to use 8.1 State the importance of and the different PPE personal protective types of personal protective equipment Head protection, eye protection, ear protection, face/dust equipment (PPE) (PPE) used in the workplace. masks, respiratory equipment, high visibility clothing, safety correctly. footwear, hand protection, sun protection, barrier cream, water proofs, pads, overalls/disposable clothing.

8.2 State the legislation governing personal Legislation including: protective equipment (PPE). - Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations - Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) - Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations.

8.3 State why it is important to store and - maintain personal protective equipment (PPE) correctly.

14 Unit content: CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

8.4 List the possible consequences of not using Consequences: the correct personal protective equipment - dermatitis, skin cancer (PPE). - eye damage - head injury, cuts - leptospirosis (weil’s disease) - burns - hearing damage - respiratory failure - lung damage/lung disease - asbestosis - death.

9. Know the fire and 9.1 List the three elements essential to creating Elements emergency procedures. a fire. Oxygen, fuel, heat.

9.2 State the ways in which a fire could spread Methods of Fire Prevention: and identify methods of fire prevention. - keeping work areas tidy - removal of flammable waste material - complying with site/organisational rules for fire safety - being aware of things that can cause fires - reporting to your supervisor or employer anything that may be a fire risk.

9.3 State the actions to be taken on discovering Actions a fire. - raising the alarm - alerting others - clearing exists - leaving the building via escape routes - assembling at the correct assembly point - follow organisation procedures.

9.4 State the correct fire evacuation procedures. -

15 Unit content: CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

9.5 State the different types of fire Types of fire extinguishers extinguishers and their correct uses. - water (white label) - organic fires - foam (cream label) - liquid and organic fires - CO2 (black label) - electrical fires - dry powder (blue label) - electrical, liquids - wet chemical (yellow label) - cooking oil.

10. Know about signs and 10.1 List the categories of signs and safety Signs and safety notices safety notices. notices used in the workplace. - prohibition - mandatory - warning - safe condition.

10.2 State the key differences between signs and Differences safety notices used in the workplace. - specific colour - purpose - shape (either individual ie. circular or triangular or shape within a rectangular enclosure).

16 Unit content: CSA-L1Core02 Knowledge of technical information, quantities and communication with others

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

1. Know how to interpret 1.1 State why documentation must be looked Why construction related after and stored correctly. Sensitive blue prints/drawings eg. bank/government technical information. establishment and personal employment records.

1.2 Identify basic symbols and hatchings from Symbols and hatchings working drawings Refer to keys of symbols and hatching.

1.3 Identify the appropriate scale to be used with Scale in relation to: a range of drawings. - block plans - site plans - working drawings.

1.4 Select information from basic location Information drawings and specifications. Utilities, pathways, parking, boundaries, North Point.

1.5 Select information from basic work Information schedules in general use. - task - resource - materials - time.

2. Know how to determine 2.1 State the importance of checking deliveries Importance of checking deliveries quantities of materials. of building materials. - correct type of materials delivered - correct quantities of materials delivered - check for missing or incorrect materials - damaged items on arrival.

2.2 State why it is important to calculate the Why it is important correct amount of materials and resources - cost of materials required. - wastage - storage - consequences of calculating incorrectly.

17 Unit content: CSA-L1Core02 Knowledge of technical information, quantities and communication with others

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

2.3 State the methods used to calculate basic Methods material quantities. - linear and perimeter in metres and millimetres - area, volume.

3. Know how to relay 3.1 List the basic content and requirements for Content information in the recording a message. Date, time, message content, contact name and details. construction environment. Requirements Legible, clear record of message for person intended.

3.2 State what is meant by positive and negative - communication.

3.3 State the benefits of clear and effective Benefits communication when relaying information. - avoiding error - building relations - customer service - implications of poor communication.

4. Know how to 4.1 State how to communicate in the Communicate communicate with others appropriate manner with others to ensure Managers, supervisors, colleagues, clients/customers, other in the construction work is carried out productively. occupations. environment. 4.2 State the importance of maintaining good Maintaining working relationships working relationships. - clear communications - productive working environment - avoids negative impact on working environment - interpersonal skills - other trades/occupations.

4.3 State the importance of applying equality Equality and diversity and diversity when communicating and - respect for others working with others. - creed, race, gender, ability. Legislation Equality Act 2010.

18 Unit content: CSA-L1Core03 Knowledge of construction technology

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

1. Know about foundation 1.1 State the purpose of a foundation. Purpose including: construction. Structural stability.

1.2 State the different types of foundations Types of foundations used in modern construction. Strip, raft, trenchfill, piled, pad. In relation to: Ground conditions (subsoil), strength, types of building.

1.3 List the materials used in domestic Materials foundations. - aggregates - cement - water - additives - reinforcement.

2. Know about floor 2.1 State the different methods of floor Methods construction. construction. - solid - suspended.

2.2 List the materials used in floor construction. Materials - timber - concrete - insulation - damp proof membrane - chip board - screed.

3. Know about wall 3.1 State the different methods of wall Methods including: construction. construction. - cavity masonry - timber frame - internal partitions (metal and timber stud) - solid walling.

19 Unit content: CSA-L1Core03 Knowledge of construction technology

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

3.2 List the materials used in wall construction. Materials including: - brickwork, blockwork, stonework - timber - timber and metal partitions - insulation.

3.3 State the reason for the use of damp-proof - membrane (DPM) and damp-proof course (DPC).

4. Know about roof 4.1 State the different types of roof construction. Types construction. Flat, double pitched, gable, hipped, mono-pitch.

4.2 State the different exterior features used in Exterior features roof construction. Ridge, apex, fascia, soffit, bargeboard, eaves, dorma.

4.3 State different types of roof coverings. Types Felt, slate, tile, metals, undercloaking, semi-permeable membrane, shingles, thatch, turf.

5. Know about utilities and 5.1 List the different utilities and Utilities and services services within services provided to structures. - drainage construction. - waste water/sewerage - water - gas - electricity - communications (telephone/data/cable) - ducting (heating & ventilation) - solar panels - rain water harvesting.

20 Unit content: CSA-L1Core03 Knowledge of construction technology

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

6. Know about sustainability 6.1 State what is meant by the term Sustainability in relation to: within construction. sustainability. - finite and renewable resources - impact of construction on the environment - recycling.

6.2 List examples of how sustainability can be Sustainability including: incorporated into construction projects. - using local managed resources e.g. timber - eco-friendly sustainable manufactured products - environmentally sourced timber / resources - alternative methods of building e.g. timber frame - architecture and design considerations - recycling - minimising wastage.

6.3 State what is meant by the term Energy Energy efficiency Efficiency. - energy saving measures - alternative energy sources e.g. wind, solar, water - impact on the environment - LED Lighting - Insulation.

6.4 List examples of how Energy Efficiency can Energy efficiency be incorporated into construction projects. - alternative energy sources e.g. wind, solar, water, heat exchanger - alternative heating sources - heat loss prevention e.g. insulation and controlling draughts, double glazing - building design e.g. maximising natural light, ventilation etc. - using energy rated products and services e.g. insulation, light fittings, light bulbs.

21 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ09 Produce woodworking joints

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

1. Know how to prepare 1.1 State the potential hazards associated with Hazards resources for producing producing woodworking joints. - How to prevent breaches in Health and Safety using risk woodworking joints. assessment and safe systems of work or method statement. - Machinery, personal injury. - Damaging products, working with timber and timber based products including toxic dust and splinters. - PPE required for application of Hazardous Substances. - Relevant Health and Safety Documentation and legislation. - COSHH.

1.2 State why working drawings are important Working drawings when . - interpretation, communication, measurements, tools required.

1.3 Describe the health and safety risks involved Risks when producing woodworking joints. - Working with timber and timber based products incuding toxic dust and splinters. - COSHH.

1.4 State the personal protective equipment PPE (PPE) requirements for producing Ear defenders, ear plugs, dust masks, respirators, eye woodworking joints. protection, safety boots, gloves, barrier cream. PPE In relation to Collective and Personal measures: - collective protective measures - personal protective equipment (PPE) - respiratory protective equipment (RPE)

22 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ09 Produce woodworking joints

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

1.5 List the uses of a range of woodworking Range hand tools used to produce woodworking joints. , tenon, panel, rip, pad, dovetail, crosscut and disposable . edged, firmer, mortice. Planes shoulder, bullnose, rebate or plough planes, smoothing, jack. Marking and measuring rulers, tapes, gauges, squares, knives, scribers, box squares/ over squares.

1.6 State how to identify and rectify faults on Identify and rectify faults including: woodworking hand tools. - chisels, , handsaws, hammers, planes, -boring tools, squares, screwdrivers, gauges and measures. - typical faults and their consequences.

1.7 State the importance of reporting and Importance including: recording faulty or defective equipment. - consequences and procedures. - Legislation - RIDDOR.

1.8 List the resources used to mark out timber Resources to produce woodworking joints. Timber including: Timber manufactured boards, and . Marking and measuring Rulers, tapes, gauges, squares, knives, scribers, box squares/ over squares.

1.9 State the checks that can be used to ensure - the accuracy of marking out tools.

2. Be able to prepare 2.1 Produce full size and scale drawings of the Produce could include: resources to produce products being produced. Housing, , lengthening, bridle, halving, woodworking joints. dovetail, angled, butt and edge.

23 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ09 Produce woodworking joints

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

2.2 Select and use appropriate personal PPE protective equipment (PPE) when Ear defenders, ear plugs, dust masks, respirators, eye producing woodworking joints. protection, safety boots, gloves, barrier cream. PPE In relation to Collective and Personal measures: - collective protective measures - personal protective equipment (PPE) - respiratory protective equipment (RPE)

2.3 Select appropriate hand tools and Hand tools and equipment including: equipment for producing woodworking Saws joints. coping, tenon, panel, rip, pad, dovetail, crosscut and disposable saw. Chisels bevel edged, firmer, mortice. Planes shoulder, bullnose, rebate or plough planes, smoothing, jack. Marking and measuring rulers, tapes, gauges, squares, knives, scribers, box squares/ over squares.

2.4 Check condition of tools and equipment prior - to use.

2.5 Use working drawings to calculate the Working drawings including: quantity of materials required for producing cutting lists. woodworking joints.

2.6 Select timber materials in accordance with Timber materials including: the given specification to produce (European redwood, whitewood). woodworking joints.

24 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ09 Produce woodworking joints

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

3. Know woodworking 3.1 State the different methods used for timber Methods materials and their conversion. Through and through, quarter sawn, rough cut, planed all storage requirements. round.

3.2 State the different methods used for Methods seasoning timber. Air dried, kiln dried.

3.3 State the different methods for storing Methods woodworking materials securely and safely. Timber Softwood (European redwood and whitewood) Storage - correct methods for storing securely. - under cover, away from elements e.g. weathering, moisture content. - shelving, racking, stacking.

3.4 Describe the importance and necessity of Importance using the correct materials for the task. - softwood (European redwood and whitewood). - timber manufactured boards (chipboard, , Medium density fibreboard (MDF), blockboard). Necessity - Different grades of timber, abbreviations of materials including colours associated with e.g. MR, WBP, fire resistant materials.

3.5 State the properties of a range of timbers. Properties and softwood including: Workability, durability, cell structure, tree growth, stress grading, origin of timber and sustainability, common sizes, sawn, planed.

3.6 List the common defects found in timber. Defects Splits in timber, waney edge, fungal attack, damage caused in transit, knots and shakes, resin pockets, defects occurring during manufacture. 25 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ09 Produce woodworking joints

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

4. Know how to produce 4.1 List a range of woodworking joints. Range including: woodworking joints. Housing, mortise and tenon, lengthening, bridle, halving, dovetail, angled, butt and edge.

4.2 State a range of uses for woodworking joints. Uses including: Windows, door frames, length timber, roof , doors, widening timber, cupboards and cupboard framing.

4.3 State the methods of holding and supporting Methods the task. Work bench, vice, clamps, frames, jigs, bench hooks.

4.4 State the properties of a range of Adhesives including: adhesives used when forming basic Glues, resins, PVA. woodworking joints. Properties including: Strength, flexibility, bonding.

5. Be able to produce 5.1 Use working drawings when marking out to Marking out woodworking joints. produce woodworking joints. Interpretation, communication, measurements, tools required.

5.2 Use a variety of holding devices to secure Holding devices including: and assemble the work. Work bench, vice, clamps, frames, jigs, bench hooks.

5.3 Use hand tools to form frames to the given Form frames including: specification using a range of woodworking Housing, mortise and tenon, lengthening, bridle, halving, joints. dovetail, angled, butt and edge.

26 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ09 Produce woodworking joints

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

5.4 Dispose of waste in accordance with given Dispose of waste procedures. - Return to storage for re-use - Recycling - General waste. Legislation including: Waste management regulations and COSHH.

27 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ10 Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

1. Know how to maintain and 1.1 State the potential hazards associated with Hazards store carpentry and maintaining and using carpentry and joinery - How to prevent breaches in Health and Safety using risk joinery hand tools. hand tools. assessment and safe systems of work or method statement. - Machinery, personal injury. - Damaging products - if not sharpened correctly will ruin tools. - PPE required for application of Hazardous Substances. - Relevant Health and Safety Documentation and legislation.

1.2 State the appropriate methods to sharpen Methods hand tools. Correct angles, correct lubricants, storage, oilstone, diamond stone, files, honing guides.

1.3 List the types of sharpening stones. Types Oil stones, diamond stones and water stones. - different grades - grit/particle size.

1.4 State the legislation which governs the use Legislation of grinding wheels. - Provision and use of work equipment regulations 1998 (PUWER). - Health and safety at work act (HASAWA). - Control of substances hazardous to health (COSHH). - Wheels Act.

1.5 State the personal protective equipment PPE (PPE) requirements for maintaining hand Ear defenders, ear plugs, dust masks, respirators, eye tools. protection, safety boots, gloves, barrier cream. PPE In relation to Collective and Personal measures: - collective protective measures - personal protective equipment (PPE) - respiratory protective equipment (RPE)

28 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ10 Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

1.6 List the different types of carpentry and Types joinery hand tools. Saws coping, tenon, panel, rip, pad, dovetail, crosscut and disposable saw. Chisels bevel edged, firmer, mortice. Planes shoulder, bullnose, rebate or plough planes, jack smoothing. Marking and measuring rulers, tapes, gauges, squares, knives, scribers, box squares/ over squares.

1.7 State why it is important to store hand tools Store correctly. - Safety - Protection from damage e.g. corrosion, blunt edges - Security.

2. Be able to maintain and 2.1 Select appropriate resources for the Resources store carpentry and maintenance and use of hand tools. Planes, wood-boring bits, grinders, chisels, sharpening stones. joinery hand tools. - Appropriate storage e.g. roll and setting up processes for the equipment.

2.2 Regrind angles to hand tools safely and in Regrind angles accordance with current legislation. - Forming a grinding angle - Squaring up cutting edges - Removing damage from cutting edge. Hand tools including: Chisels and planes.

2.3 Use a sharpening stone to sharpen hand - tools in accordance with official guidance.

29 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ10 Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

2.4 Select and use appropriate personal PPE protective equipment (PPE) when Ear defenders, ear plugs, dust masks, respirators, eye maintaining hand tools. protection, safety boots, gloves, barrier cream. PPE In relation to Collective and Personal measures: - collective protective measures - personal protective equipment (PPE) - respiratory protective equipment (RPE)

2.5 Store hand tools and materials safely and Store securely. - Safety - Protection from damage e.g. corrosion, blunt edges - Security.

3. Know how to use 3.1 State the purposes of different types of Purposes carpentry and joinery handsaw. Saws handsaws. coping, tenon, panel, rip, pad, dovetail, crosscut and disposable saw. Chisels bevel edged, firmer, mortice. Planes shoulder, bullnose, rebate or plough planes, jack smoothing. Marking and measuring rulers, tapes, gauges, squares, knives, scribers, box squares/ over squares.

3.2 State why the shape and size of saw teeth Saw teeth are different for different uses. number and types of teeth.

4. Know how to use 4.1 State the types and uses of carpentry and Types carpentry and joinery joinery planes. Planes hand-held planes. shoulder, bullnose, rebate, , plough, jack smoothing. Uses Type and quantity of material to be removed and finish required. 30 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ10 Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

4.2 State how to timber to size to form a Plane including: face side and face edge. Using a jack smoothing and try plane.

4.3 State how to form a rebate or using a Form including: hand-held plane. Rebate or plough planes.

4.4 State how to plane a curved surface. Plane including: plane or spokeshave.

5. Know how to use 5.1 State how to use a range of hand-held Use of hand-held including: carpentry and joinery drills. Wheel brace/hand , cordless (battery powered) drill and hand-held drills. brace, modern and traditional drills.

5.2 List the types of bits used to drill holes in Types timber and manufactured products. Twist, spur, auger, , forstner.

5.3 State how timber can be damaged by the Incorrect use of hand-held drills including: incorrect use of hand-held drills. Speeds, tools and selection of bits.

5.4 State the most appropriate method for Methods through timber and manufactured Correct speeds, correct tools and selection of bits. products.

5.5 State the holding devices available to use Holding devices including: when drilling timber. Vices, clamps, jigs.

6. Know how to use wood 6.1 State the types of woodworking chisels and Types chisels. associated tools. Bevel edge, paring, firmer and mortise chisels, gouges and mallets.

6.2 List the common uses of woodworking Uses including: chisels. Creating housings and mortices, stopped and recesses.

31 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ10 Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

6.3 State how to form recesses and mortises - using hand-held woodworking chisels.

7. Be able to use carpentry 7.1 Use handsaws to cut and shape timber to Cut and shape timber including: and joinery hand tools. the given specification: Coping, tenon, panel, rip, pad, dovetail, crosscut and - across the grain. disposable saw. - with the grain. Types of cuts: Straight cuts, curves and shapes.

7.2 Use handsaws to cut and shape - manufactured boards to the given specification.

7.3 Cut mitres to the given specification. -

7.4 Use a range of woodworking planes to plane Range including: timber straight, and to size to the Block, jack, smoothing and try plane. given specification.

7.5 Drill holes in timber and manufactured Drill holes including: products to the given specification. Cordless (battery powered) drill and brace.

7.6 Form recesses and mortises in timber Form recesses and mortises using the appropriate wood chisel to the - bevel edge, paring, firmer and mortise chisels, and mallets. given specification.

32 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ11 Prepare and use carpentry and joinery portable power tools

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

1. Know how to prepare 1.1 State the potential hazards associated with Hazards carpentry and joinery using portable power tools. How to prevent breaches in Health and Safety following a risk portable power tools. assessment and safe systems of work or method statement.

1.2 State the types of power sources used to Types of power sources including: operate portable power tools. - mains electric 110, 230, 415 volt - compressed air - battery packs (rechargeable) - gas.

1.3 State the types of carpentry and joinery Power tools portable power tools and their uses. , cutter, , drill, planer, , gun, . Tooling Router cutters, tungsten carbide tips (TCT) drills and drill bits, jigsaw and jigsaw blades and high speed steel (HSS) drill bits, polycrystalline diamond (PCD) bits, disposable bits. Uses Fixing, shaping, boring, finishing and cutting.

1.4 List the appropriate personal protective PPE equipment (PPE) required when using Ear defenders, ear plugs, dust masks, respirators, eye different types of portable power tools. protection and safety boots.

1.5 State the importance of maintaining portable Maintenance power tools in accordance with Tools kept sharp, set correctly and in good working order. manufacturers’ instructions.

1.6 State the legislation which governs the use Legislation of portable power tools. - provision and use of work equipment (PUWER) - personal protective equipment at work (PPE) - portable appliance testing (PAT) - respiratory protective equipment (RPE) - local exhaust ventilation (LEV) - health and safety at work act (HASAWA).

33 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ11 Prepare and use carpentry and joinery portable power tools

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

1.7 State why it is important to check portable - power tools for faults or defects prior to use.

2. Be able to prepare 2.1 Prepare different types of power sources to Types of power sources including: carpentry and joinery operate portable power tools. - mains electric 110, 230, 415 volt portable power tools. - compressed air - battery packs (rechargeable).

2.2 Check portable power tools, cables Check and tooling for damage prior to use. Cables, casing, batteries, guarding. Tooling including two or more of the following: Router cutters, tungsten carbide tips (TCT) drills and drill bits, jigsaw and jigsaw blades and high speed steel (HSS) drill bits, polycrystalline diamond (PCD) bits, disposable bits.

2.3 Change tooling on portable power tools in Tooling including two or more of the following: accordance with manufacturers’ instructions. Router cutters, tungsten carbide tips (TCT) drills and drill bits, jigsaw and jigsaw blades, high speed steel (HSS) drill bits, PCD (polycrystalline diamond) bits and disposable bits.

3. Know how to use 3.1 State the damage that could be caused to Damage carpentry and joinery tooling when cutting, moulding, shaping and - blunting portable power tools to sanding different materials. - deflection (bowing in saw blade) cut, shape and finish. - overheating (blueing, loses strength).

3.2 List the potential hazards associated with Hazards debris projected from carpentry and joinery - saw dust, loose knots and shavings. portable power tools. - eye injuries, respiratory issues.

3.3 State why it is important that the work area Important to prevent: is kept free from debris. - trip hazards, slip hazards - no concealment of access/egress.

34 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ11 Prepare and use carpentry and joinery portable power tools

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

4. Be able to use carpentry 4.1 Select and use appropriate tooling for the Tooling and joinery portable materials being cut, shaped and finished. Abrasive papers, high speed steel (HSS) drills and tungsten power tools to cut, shape carbide tips (TCT). and finish. 4.2 Select and use the appropriate personal PPE protective equipment (PPE) to carry out the Ear defenders, ear plugs, dust masks, respirators, eye work. protection and safety boots.

4.3 Use holding devices to secure the materials Devices correctly. Vices, clamps, jigs.

4.4 Cut, shape and sand timber and timber Including: manufactured boards to the given - softwood (e.g. European redwood, whitewood and Douglas specification. ) - manufactured boards (e.g. Chipboard, plywood, medium density fibreboard (MDF), block board).

5. Know how to use 5.1 State how to identify suitable fixings Fixings: carpentry and joinery for different materials and surfaces. Plastic plugs, rawlbolts, coach , screws, cavity fixings, portable power tools to coach bolts and nails, chemical fixing. drill and insert fastenings. Surfaces: Masonry, metal, concrete, timber and plasterboard.

5.2 State how to use portable power tools Power tools safely. Power drill, powered screwdriver, powered nailer.

5.3 State the methods used to locate Services services prior to carrying out the drilling Water pipes, gas pipes, electric cables and possibly waste operation. pipes.

5.4 State why it is important to store portable - power tools correctly.

35 Unit content: CSA-L1Occ11 Prepare and use carpentry and joinery portable power tools

Learning outcomes Assessment criteria Notes for guidance The learner will: The learner can: Range of subject material:

6. Be able to use carpentry 6.1 Drill holes to the given specification using - and joinery portable portable power tools. power tools to drill and insert fastenings. 6.2 Select suitable fixings for materials in Fixings including two or more of the following: accordance with the given specification. Plastic plugs, rawlbolts, coach screws, screws, cavity fixings, coach bolts and nails, chemical fixing.

6.3 Secure materials to surfaces using portable Materials power tools to the given specification. including one or more of the following: Softwood (European redwood, whitewood and ) including one or more of the following: Manufactured boards (chipboard, plywood, medium density fibreboard (MDF), blockboard) Surfaces Masonry, metal, concrete and timber.

6.4 Store portable power tools safely and - securely.

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Additional Information

Hazards Identified by risk assessment, methods of work, manufacturers tech info, statutory regulations and official guidance.

Health and Safety control Identified by the principles of protection for occupational use, types and purpose of each type, work situations and equipment general work environment: - collective protective measures - personal protective equipment (PPE) - respiratory protective equipment (RPE) - local exhaust ventilation (LEV).

Safe working practices Why, when and how health and safety control equipment should be used.

Protect work Protect work against damage from general workplace activities, other occupations and adverse weather conditions.

Disposal of waste Environmental responsibilities, organisational procedures, manufacturers’ information, statutory regulations and official guidance.

Information sources Drawings, specifications, schedules, method statements, risk assessments, manufacturers’ information and regulations governing buildings.

Resources Materials, components and equipment relating to types, quantity, quality, sizes and the sustainability of standard and/or specialist: - timber, manufactured sheet material, metals, frames, linings, staircases, adhesives, sealants, fixings and associated ancillary items. - hand and/or powered tools and equipment.

Legislation and official This relates to the operative’s responsibilities regarding potential accidents and health hazards whilst working in the guidance workplace, below ground level, in confined spaces, at height, with tools and equipment, with materials and substances, with movement/storage of materials and by manual handling and mechanical lifting.

37 Glossary of Terms

Term Definition

Abrasive Material used for smoothing wood, includes glass paper.

Auger bit Rotating cutting used in brace to drill holes.

Belt sander A portable sanding tool having a power-driven abrasive-coated continuous belt.

Bevel Edge To cut the edge of a board at an angle.

Block Planes A small plane that can easily be used with one hand.

Bridle Joint Bridle joints are very similar to the mortise and tenon joint. The difference is in the cut of both the mortise and tenon - they extend to the full width of the piece being used for the tenon and the full depth of the section being used for the mortise.

Butt Joint Simple joint in which two pieces of wood are placed against each other but held with nails, screws, , glue or other fastenings.

Cavity Fixings Many different types available, used to enable secure fixings when a cavity is present such as stud partitioning walling.

Coping saw A saw with a thin, narrow blade used for cutting round sharp curves.

Countersink To sink the heads, screws or bolts flush with or slightly below the surface of the timber using a countersinking drill bit.

Diamond Stones Used to hone the edges of steel tools, a Diamond Stone is a plate sometimes with a plastic or resin base. The plate is coated with diamond grit, an abrasive that will grind metal.

Dovetail joint Attractive joint used for drawers and in fine with interlocking dovetails and pins.

38 Glossary of Terms

Term Definition

Halving Joint This is where half of each of the two boards being joined is removed, so that the two boards join together flush with one another. Can be used to form right angles or lengthening joints.

Jack Plane A large plane for removing large quantities of material, as in straightening surfaces or reducing thickness.

Local exhaust ventilation An engineering control system to reduce exposures to airborne contaminants such as dust in the workplace. Commonly (LEV) called dust extraction.

Manufactured board Manufactured Boards are man made boards and can include plywood, MDF (medium density fibre Board), Block Board, Chipboard, Hard Board, OSB (orientated strand board).

Marking A tool for scribing a line parallel to an edge, used in marking out.

Oil Stones A stone used for sharpening cutting tools, treated with oil to prevent steel particles from clogging the pores of the stone.

PPE - collective & personal Collective measures protect more than one person at any one time, e.g. scaffolds, nets, guardrails. measures Personal control measures rely upon personal protective equipment and only protect the user, e.g. lanyard, hard hat.

Rebate Rectangular groove or recess in the edge of a board, which holds panel or glass in a door or picture-frame.

Rip Saw A saw for cutting length-ways with the grain.

Shakes Shakes are cracks in the timber which appear due to excessive heat, frost or twisting due to wind or poor nutrient content of the soil during the growth of the tree. Shakes can also be a result of seasoning. Depending upon the shape and the positions shakes can be classified as star shake, cup shake, ring shakes and heart shakes.

39 Glossary of Terms

Term Definition

Smoothing Planes All-purpose plane used mainly for cleaning up and finishing work.

Specification Instruction detailing types of materials and methods of work to be used.

Tenon saw Small saw used for the cutting of the shoulders of a tenon.

Try square A square with a steel tongue in a wooden handle used for marking and measuring the accuracy of a right angle on a piece of wood.

Waney Edge Boards or pieces of timber which, instead of being cut square, show the original curve of the log from which they are cut.

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