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The Future of Telecommunication Is Happening Now The Future of Telecommunication is Happening Now Telecommunication of The Future The Future of Telecommunication is Happening Now Check how the experts do it . Check how the experts do it. Book Title: The Future of Telecommunication is Happening Now. Check How the Experts Do It. Chief Editor: Marcela Mężykowska Content Supervisors: Michał Bartkowiak, Łukasz Grządko, Grzegorz Olender, Krzysztof Sokołowski, Paweł Wieczorek, Sławomir Zborowski Editors: Anna Czołpiński, Szymon Izydorek, Beata Malinowska, Patrycja Mróz, Grzegorz Ogledzki, Katarzyna Pasko – Jarosik, Daniel Rowiński, Aldona Żbikowska Publisher: Nokia Solutions and Networks Sp. Z o.o. We would like to acknowledge the help of all the people involved in this project. Without their support, this book would not have become a reality. Dear Readers, The book that you are holding now in your hands is the third part of Nokia Book series published in the European Software and Engineering Center in Wroclaw. Traditionally, our specialists have given their contribution. They have written about the real-life case studies which are described in the following pages. “The Future of Telecommunication is Happening Now. Check How the Experts Do It” shows practical dimension of advanced telecommunication technologies and System Engineering threads. Our writers, being at the same time developers, testers, researchers, and engineers in general, did not overlook the topic of professional software development. Taking into consideration the reference to the title of the book we have written, its content extensively covers spectrum of prototyping, creating, and developing new technologies like 5G. The readers curious about the new age of technology will also find several significant articles that deal with Internet of Things, and the future face of Internet. I sincerely recommend this publication to all enthusiasts of telecommunication, including those readers who encountered previous editions of Nokia Book. I am sure they will not be let down by this part. I would also like to thank the authors for their outstanding contribu- tion and hard work. I wish you a pleasant read, Bartosz Ciepluch Head of Nokia Networks European Software and Engineering Center in Wroclaw 1 On Telco Cloud Edge: Advanced Telecommunication FlexiCMD4 Contribution 6 1.1 — Jacek Góra 5G Prototyping: The Key Challenges and Innovations Technologies 14 1.2 — Patrick Marsch, Arnesh Vijay Challenges and Solutions for Millimeter-Wave Communications in 5G into Nokia’sand Matthias Concept Hesse for NFV 22 1.3 — Saeed R. Khosravirad 5G Flexible Design: Enhancements for Retransmission Techniques 28 1.4 — Kamil Bechta and Fabiano Chaves 5G Spectrum: Challenges and Perspectives 34 1.5 — Paweł Berestecki and Edwin Wierszelis Clouds Full of data 42 1.6 — Piotr Grzybowski Internet of Things (IoT) – Small Things, Big Opportunities Telecommunication System 50 52 2.1 — Grzegorz Olender Internet of Things (IoT): the New Age of Internet 58 2.2 — Bartłomiej Świderski High Data Rates in Heterogeneous Networks Engineering 64 2.3 — Paweł Mikołajczyk The Concept of Idle-Mode Load Balancing for Distributing UEs According to the Operator’s Needs 70 2.4 — Martin Kollar A Statistical Method for Estimation of the Maximum Number of Carrier Component Connections per eNB 74 2.5 — Wojciech Zmyślony Optical Interface Baseband Signal to RF Signal Delay Measurements for Radio Modules 80 2.6 — Łukasz Małek and Mariusz Rusiniak Optimization of LO Leakage Spurious Emission in RF Modules 86 2.7 — Karol Sydor Software Based Detection of Antenna Connection Issues Professional Software 90 92 3.1 — Wojciech Konopka Java Concurrency 100 3.2 — Krzysztof Bulwiński Building Microservices with Docker Development 108 3.3 — Rafał Cichoń and Piotr Rotter Pyro4 – Python Remote Objects in an Embedded Use Case 114 3.4 — Adam Badura C++ Idioms – Type Erasure and Expression Templates 122 3.5 — Łukasz Grządko Data Structures and Algorithms for Set Operations in Mobile Load Balancing 130 3.6 — Michał Bartkowiak and Paweł Wieczorek Theory Meets Practice: Register Allocation in Minimal Compiler Przemysław Szufarski System Product Manager MBB Liquid Core Nokia The Future of Telecommunication is Happening Now. Check how the experts do it. 3 Advanced Telecommunication Technologies OnAdvanced Telco Cloud Edge: FlexiCMD Contribution Telecommunicationinto Nokia’s Concept for NFV Technologies 1.1 1.2 1.3 Jacek Góra Patrick Marsch, Arnesh Vijay Saeed R. Khosravirad 5G Prototyping: The Key Challenges and Matthias Hesse 5G Flexible Design: Enhancements and Innovations Challenges and Solutions for for Retransmission Techniques Millimeter-Wave Communications in 5G 14 22 28 Przemysław Szufarski 1.4 1.5 1.6 System Product Manager MBB Liquid Core Kamil Bechta and Fabiano Chaves Paweł Berestecki and Edwin Wierszelis Piotr Grzybowski 5G Spectrum: Challenges and Perspectives Clouds Full of Data Internet of Things (IoT) – Small Things, Big Opportunities 34 42 50 4 Nokia The Future of Telecommunication is Happening Now. Check how the experts do it. Advanced Telecommunication Technologies Today we are at the verge of bringing into life the 5th generation The abundant set of requirements pushes 5G platforms towards (5G) of radio systems. In case of 5G, stronger than ever before, the flexible and scalable solutions. Furthermore, some of the require- defined performance targets push for innovative implementation ments force a redefinition of the previously used implementation approaches. This paper outlines some of the main challenges of 5G technologies and practices. As a result, the 5G development relies prototyping, and the main innovations done today in this area. more on hardware (HW) prototyping than the previous generations 5G Prototyping: of cellular systems. 1. The 5G revolution This paper presents some of the key challenges of the 5G prototyp- ing and the observed directions of radio HW research. Firstly, Chap- The Key Challenges and Innovations Looking about three decades into the past one can see four genera- ter 2 treats the radio spectrum choices for 5G and the resulting im- tions of radio systems coming into life. Each generation, in practice, pacts on HW. Next, Chapter 3 discusses evolution of base station brought a 10 times increase in peak data rates and capacities, and (BS) architecture in the context of the 5G requirements. Chapter 4 a 10 times decrease in latencies. describes computing requirements for digital platforms aiming to support the 5G baseband (BB). Finally, all the considerations are The 5G concept is built around this upward trend, but also reaches outlined in Chapter 5. out to new scenarios and use cases. The main ones being [1]: • Extreme mobile broadband (eMBB) 2. Unlocking new spectrum assets • Mission critical communications (MCC) • Massive machine-type communications (mMTC) The capacity and data rate requirements for the eMBB rise band- width expectations far beyond its current usage. Satisfying this Each of the 5G use cases comes with a different definition for quali- growing demand is possible by reaching frequency bands above the ty of service (see Figure 1 ): currently used spectrum (less than 6 GHz). Specifically, the 5G im- plementations target new bands in the range of 6100 GHz. • The eMBB requires more than 10Gb/s data rates and Tb/s/km2 network capacities. As depicted in Figure 2 , each of the frequency ranges considered • The MCC prioritizes less than 1ms latencies and ultra-reliability. for 5G has a different role to play in the overall system concept. The • The mMTC expects 100 times more communication devices to be roles relate directly to the propagation phenomena and implemen- handled efficiently. tation aspects. Figure 1 5G scenarios and requirements ak aa aes O Mul IM ti- M co e n iv n s e s c a t i whenev M v x more traffic i t xtreme y Mobile Jacek Góra New spectrum assets Broadband namic resource usage R&D Manager 5G assie connectiit assie Critical Configurability CIOO Bell Labs machine machine communication communication M2M ultra low cost radio latency as Slim radio 1ms Radio Ultra o aery 10-100 riaii x more devices 6 Nokia The Future of Telecommunication is Happening Now. Check how the experts do it. Nokia The Future of Telecommunication is Happening Now. Check how the experts do it. 7 Figure 2 5G spectrum [1] Lastly, higher TRx count and integration require novel assembly and the base frequency. The k2 antennas, if used properly, can enable thermal management techniques. Recent concepts include, for ex- up to [dB] beamforming (BF) gain, thus, compensating for 20log10(k) ample, novel materials and multi-layer structures designed for em- the increased propagation losses at higher bands. The challenge bedding ICs or pipes for liquid cooling directly into the PCB. is, however, to efficiently utilize the tens or hundreds of antennas, for example, 200 at 28 GHz versus 2 GHz. Figure 4 depicts the concepts for that. 4 z z z z z z 2.2. Antenna techniques mmave <6GHz cmave The digital BF (see Figure 4 ) operates in BB Layer1 (L1). It maps continuous coverage high mobility and reliability higher capacity and massive throughput Moving into higher frequencies has one major drawback – increased signals to different antennas and modulates their phases. This way, propagation losses. The simplest relation (free-space path loss mod- both coverage extension (via BF gains), and spatial multiplexing Different characteristics, licensing, sharing and usage schemes el) states that the communication range is inversely proportional to (such as transmission
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