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1.3 Energy Consumption JAIST Repository https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/ Comparative analysis of overall energy Title consumption of storage architectures in home media players Author(s) ウィ, クリスティアント Citation Issue Date 2011-09 Type Thesis or Dissertation Text version author URL http://hdl.handle.net/10119/9928 Rights Supervisor: Associate Professor Xavier Defago, 情 Description 報科学研究科, 修士 Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Comparative analysis of overall energy consumption of storage architectures in home media players By Christianto Oeij A thesis submitted to School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Information Science Graduate Program in Information Science Written under the direction of Associate Professor Xavier D´efago September, 2011 Comparative analysis of overall energy consumption of storage architectures in home media players By Christianto Oeij (9210202) A thesis submitted to School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Information Science Graduate Program in Information Science Written under the direction of Associate Professor Xavier D´efago and approved by Associate Professor Xavier D´efago Professor Mizuhito Ogawa Associate Professor Kiyofumi Tanaka August, 2011 (Submitted) Copyright c 2011 by Christianto Oeij Abstract In home entertainment, reducing energy is highly desirable. Our motivations stem from the important factors like the running cost, noise, heat, and energy consumption from the storage as the main component of it. Home theater PC is a good choice of home entertainment since it can provide high quality video output and be affordable in term of cost. We investigate the total energy consumption in systems built around a Home theater PC. There are several architecture choices that could potentially play a significant role on total energy consumption. In particular, we identify three choices: • HDD vs. SSD: HDD can provide bigger capacity with affordable price. Even though, SSD is much more expensive, it is better in speed performance with less energy consumption compared to HDD. In term of energy consumption, is it true in all cases? • Local Storage vs. Network-Attached Storage (NAS): Local storage might be better in media playback performance and energy efficiency compared to NAS. However, NAS can provide benefits like centralized data storage and no extra space wasted for duplicate files. • Prefetching: Typical Home theater PC might have big size of system memory installed for the cheap price of RAM memory. It is an opportunity for energy savings by applying aggressive prefetching to extend the disk idle time for saving energy. We evaluated experimentally three different storage architectures by measuring impor- tant aspects, namely, energy consumption, hardware cost, playback performance, and maintenance effort. To do so, we have built and instrumented a benchmark environment, as well as a microcontroller-based device to monitor and record energy consumption di- rectly from power cables. We considered important key factors like the characteristics of storage medium, system memory size, prefetching size as well as the workload parameters like the size of multimedia data, duration of playback and also application parameters of the system application to explore the possibility of better energy efficiency and performance. Interestingly, we have found that by applying aggressive prefetching, the energy con- sumption of HDD can be reduced to the same levels as SSD for video playback. This means that, with appropriate system support in the media player, SSD is not yet ready to replace HDD, even on the ground of energy-efficiency. For NAS, we found another interesting result that using HDD as local storage will consume less energy compared to using SSD. Based on the analysis of the experimental results, we identified the energy and cost efficient storage architectures in home media players. Keywords: Storage, energy efficiency, prefetching, embedded system, home media players 1 Acknowledgements Being able to come to Japan and study at JAIST is very valuable life experience for me. I have been lucky and honorable to be a member of Dependable Distributed System Group (DDSG) lab in School of Information Science at JAIST. I really appreciated my supervisor, Professor Xavier D´efago,to let me join his lab from 2009. I am very grateful to my supervisor for advising and guiding me throughout my research. During my research, I often got a lot of encouragement and inspiration from him. Also, I enjoyed the discussions with him because he has incredible source of knowledge and experiences. I would also like to thank him for the time to patiently guide and advise me many times during my research. Thank you for the opportunity and guidance for me to have my research accepted at APSYS 2011 and be able to give poster presentation in Shanghai. Furthermore, I really enjoyed the atmosphere of the lab, which provides motivating research environment. I would also like to thank my seniors, Daiki Higashihara and Shintaro Hosoai for assist- ing me not only in study but also daily lives need. With them, I enjoyed the discussion and conversation about the research, culture difference, etc. Beside that, I also appreciate the help of Fran¸coisBonnet, the post-doc researcher in our lab for all his advices, encouragement and help for my study. I am also very glad to have all the friends or colleagues now for their care to me. I would like to express my gratitude to Rotary Yoneyama Memorial Foundation who supports me the monthly scholarship from April, 2010 up to September, 2011. Thank you for also letting me to understand the Japanese culture through the meetings. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents and dedicate all my works to them. They always support me throughout my life and are always my motivation to do my best in my life. And also to my brother and sister who always cheers me up in difficulties. I love you all. | JAIST School of Information Science 2 Contents Abstract 1 Acknowledgements 2 1 Introduction 8 1.1 Home media players . 9 1.2 Storage architectures . 9 1.3 Energy consumption . 9 1.4 Objectives . 10 1.5 Contributions . 10 1.6 Organization . 10 2 Home Media Players and Storage Architectures 11 2.1 Home media players . 11 2.1.1 HTPC . 11 2.2 Storage architectures . 12 2.2.1 Local Storage . 12 2.2.2 Network-Attached Storage . 12 2.3 Operating System and Applications . 12 2.3.1 Standard OS for media center . 13 2.3.2 Embedded OS for media center . 13 3 Problem Statement: Energy Consumption and Capacity 14 3.1 HDD . 14 3.2 SSD . 15 3.3 Network-Attached Storage . 16 4 Prefetching 18 4.1 Prefetching in Linux . 18 4.2 Energy-efficient Prefetching . 19 4.3 More Energy-savings with Aggressive Prefetching . 22 5 Comparative analysis methodology 23 5.1 Systemic Approach to Evaluation . 23 3 5.2 Monitors . 25 5.2.1 Disk Power Measurement Device . 26 5.2.2 Analysis and Interpretation of Log Data . 28 5.3 Benchmarking Environment . 28 5.4 Discussion . 29 6 Result and analysis 30 6.1 Basic power consumption analysis of storage in the experiment . 30 6.1.1 Basic power consumption analysis of HDD . 31 6.1.2 Basic power consumption analysis of SSD . 35 6.1.3 Basic power consumption of HDD inside NAS . 36 6.2 Comparison between local storage (HDD and SSD) . 36 6.2.1 Experiment 1 (HDD with default prefetching) . 37 6.2.2 Experiment 2 (SSD with default prefetching) . 38 6.2.3 Experiment 3 (HDD with aggressive prefetching) . 41 6.2.4 Experiment 4 (SSD with aggressive prefetching) . 43 6.2.5 Comparison analysis . 43 6.2.6 Summary of energy consumption of local storage . 46 6.3 Energy consumption analysis of network-attached storage (NAS) . 47 6.3.1 Experiment 5 (HDD as local storage and NAS) . 47 6.3.2 Experiment 6 (SSD as local storage and NAS) . 49 6.3.3 Summary of energy consumption of network-attached storage ar- chitecture . 51 6.4 More experiments for energy comparison between SSD and HDD with ag- gressive prefetching . 53 6.5 Discussion . 54 7 Energy consumption of storage architectures in home media players 55 7.1 Energy and cost efficient home media players with HDD as the storage . 55 7.2 Energy and cost efficient home media players with NAS as the storage . 58 7.3 Discussion . 59 8 Conclusion 60 8.1 Research Assessment . 60 8.2 Future Research Directions . 60 A Readahead (Prefetching) Source Code in Linux (2.6.38.3) 64 4 List of Tables 4.1 Cases for detecting access patterns . 19 5.1 Experimental design for local storage . 25 5.2 Experimental design for NAS . 25 6.1 Measured power consumption of HDD in NAS . 36 6.2 Measured energy consumption of local storage in home media player . 47 6.3 Measured energy consumption of local storage in home media player with NAS....................................... 51 7.1 Cost and other aspects consideration of HDD and SSD as local storage . 57 7.2 Cost and other aspects consideration of HDD as local storage and NAS as another storage option . 59 5 List of Figures 1.1 Home theater . 8 4.1 Power management from the workload, device, and power state points of view . 20 4.2 Breakeven time . 21 5.1 Measurement setup . 26 5.2 Logical diagram of the disk power measurement device . 27 5.3 Electrical diagram of the disk power measurement device . 27 5.4 Experimental Setup of Storage Architectures . 28 6.1 HDD Standby Power Consumption . 31 6.2 HDD Idle Power Consumption . 32 6.3 HDD Active (seek) power consumption .
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