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Treaty of Lausanne Pdf in Urdu Treaty of lausanne pdf in urdu Continue A peace treaty between the Republic of Turkey and the Allied powers at the end of the Turkish War of Independence, replacing the Treaty of Sevres for other purposes, see the Treaty of Lausanne (disambiguation). Treaty of Lausanne Long name: Treaty on peace and exchange of prisoners of war with Turkey, signed in LausanneAccord relatif a la restitution r'ciproque de intern's civil and l'change de prisonniers de guerre, To sign the Lausanne borders of Turkey established by the Treaty of Lausanne24 July 1923PostationLausanne, SwitzerlandEffected6 August 19241924After ratification by Turkey and any three of the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Japan, the treaty would come into force for those high contracting parties and in the future for each additional signatory to the ratification fieldIntinor France Italy Turkey DepositaryFrenchricte Treaty of Lausanne on Wikisource Treaty Lausanne (French: Tribe de Lausanne) was a peace treaty agreed during the Lausanne Conference 1922-23 Lausanne, Switzerland, July 24, 1923. It officially settled the conflict that originally existed between the Ottoman Empire and the Federal French Republic, the British Empire, the Kingdom of Italy, the Japanese Empire, the Kingdom of Greece and the Kingdom of Romania since the outbreak of World War I. This was the result of the second attempt of peace after the failed Sevres Treaty. The previous treaty was signed in 1920, but was later rejected by the Turkish national movement, which fought against its conditions. The Treaty of Lausanne put an end to the conflict and defined the borders of the modern Turkish Republic. In the treaty, Turkey renounced all claims to the remainder of the Ottoman Empire, and in return the Allies recognized Turkey's sovereignty within its new borders. It provided for the Greek-Turkish population exchange and allowed unlimited civilian passage through the Turkish Strait (but not military; this would happen with the Montreux Convention). The treaty was ratified by Turkey on August 23, 1923, and all other signatories by July 16, 1924. It came into force on August 6, 1924, when the ratification documents were officially deposited in Paris. Main article: Lausanne Conference 1922-1923 See also: the partition of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish war over the borders of Turkish independence under the Treaty of Sevres (1920), which was annulled and replaced by the Lausanne Treaty Treaty (1923) after the Turkish War of Independence After the withdrawal of Greek troops in Asia Minor and the expulsion of the Ottoman sultan by the Turkish army under the command of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the Ankara-based Kemalist government of Turkey The movement rejected the territorial losses imposed in 1920 by the Treaty of Sevres, previously signed by the Ottoman Empire. Britain tried to undermine Turkish influence in Mesopotamia and Kirkuk by seeking the establishment of a Kurdish state in Eastern Anatolia. Secular Kemalist rhetoric has eased some international fears about the future of Armenians who survived the 1915 Armenian Genocide, and support for Kurdish self-determination has also declined. Under the Treaty of Lausanne signed in 1923, Eastern Anatolia became part of modern Turkey in exchange for Turkey's rejection of Ottoman-era claims to oil-rich Arab lands. Negotiations were held during the Lausanne Conference. Ismet Znon was Turkey's chief negotiator. Lord Curzon, The British Foreign Secretary at the time, was chief negotiator for the Allies, while Eleftherios Venizelos negotiated on behalf of Greece. Negotiations took many months. A peace conference was opened on 20 November 1922; The treaty was signed on July 24 after eight months of tense negotiations, as a result of several Turkish conclusions. The Allied delegation included U.S. Admiral Mark L. Bristol, who served as United States High Commissioner and supported Turkey's efforts. The provisions of the Treaty consisted of 143 articles with major sections, including: Treaty parts of the Convention on Trade in the Turkish Straits (cancellation of capitulations) - Article 28 stipulated: Each of the parties with high treaties accepts, as far as it concerns, the complete abolition of capitulations in Turkey in all respects. The agreements linking the letters of the Treaty provided for the independence of the Republic of Turkey, as well as the protection of the Greek Orthodox Christian minority in Turkey and the Muslim minority in Greece. However, the majority of Turkey's Christian population and the Muslim population of Greece have already been deported under the Greek-Turkish Exchange Convention previously signed by Greece and Turkey. Only the Greek Orthodox of Constantinople, Imbros and Tenenos (at that time there were about 270,000 people) and the Muslim population of Western Thrace (about 129,120 in 1923) were excluded. Article 14 of the treaty granted the islands of Imbros (Hekkeada) and Teneros (Bozchaada) a special administrative organization, the right to which was revoked by the Turkish government on 17 February 1926. Turkey also officially recognized the loss of Cyprus (which was leased to the British Empire after the Berlin Congress in 1878, but de jure remained the territory of the Ottoman Empire until World War I). Egypt and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (both of which were occupied by British forces under the pretext of surrendering the Urabian uprising and restoring order in 1882, but de jure remained Ottoman territories until World War I) were handed over The Empire that unilaterally annexed them on November 5, 1914. The fate of Mosul province will be determined through the League of Nations. Turkey also explicitly renounced all claims to the Dodecanese Islands, which Italy was forced to return to Turkey under Article 2 of Uchi in 1912 after the Italo-Turkish War (1911-1912). Summary of the contents of the Treaty of Lausanne I. Peace Treaty No.15 Part Of the Preamble Part I Political Provisions Part II Financial Clause III. Economic Provisions Part IV Communications and Sanitary Issues Part V. Various Provisions Part IV. Convention on Respect for Living Conditions and Business and Jurisdiction Part V Commercial Convention Part VI Convention relating to the exchange of the Greek and Turkish people Part VII of the Agreement between Greece and Turkey regarding the mutual restitution of internment and exchange of prisoners of war Regarding the Amnesty Part IX Declaration relating to Muslim property in Greece Part X declaration on sanitary issues in Turkey; Part XI of the Declaration on Justice in Turkey; Part of the 12th Protocol on some of the concessions made in Part 13 of the Ottoman Protocol concerning the accession of Belgium and Portugal contains provisions and documents signed in the Lausanne part of the 14th Protocol concerning the evacuation of Turkish territory occupied by British, French and Italian forces Part XV of the Protocol on the territory of The Karagach and the Islands of Imbros and Tenes Part of the 16th Protocol in relation to the Treaty between the major Allies dealing with the protection of minorities in Greece, and the Treaty concluded on the same day between the same powers relating to Thrace. Part of the 17th Protocol concerning the signing of the Serbian-Croatian- Slovenian state of the border of the island of Aadacale in the Danube River, was forgotten during peace talks at the Berlin Congress in 1878, which allowed it to remain de jure Turkish territory and private property of the Ottoman Sultan Abdelhamid II until the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 (de facto until Romania unilaterally declared its sovereignty over the island in 1919 and further strengthened that demand in 1920). The island was flooded during the construction of the Iron Gate hydroelectric power plant in 1970, which also ruled out the possibility of a possible legal action by the descendants of Abdul Hamid II. The main issue of military reparations required from Greece by Turkey was resolved after Greece agreed to cede Karaasak to Turkey. Turkey has also formally renounced all claims to the Dodecanese Islands (Article 15); Cyprus (Article 20); [17] Sudan (Article 17); Syria and Iraq (Article 3); and (along with the Ankara Treaty) settled the borders of the last two countries. The territories south of Syria and Iraq in the Arabian Peninsula, which were still under Turkish control when the Armistice was signed in Mudus on 30 October 1918, were not clearly defined in the treaty text. However, the definition of Turkey's southern border in Article 3 also means that Turkey has formally removed them. These territories included the Mutawakkilite kingdom of Yemen, Asir and parts of Hedgez as the city of Medina. They were held by Turkish troops until January 23, 1919. Under Articles 25 and 26 of the Treaty of Lausanne, Turkey formally queered Romania to the island of Adakali in the Danube River, formally recognizing the relevant provisions of the 1920 Trianon Treaty. Due to diplomatic violations at the Berlin Congress in 1878, the island technically remained part of the Ottoman Empire. Turkey also renounced its privileges in Libya, which were defined by Article 10 of the Treaty of Ooch in 1912 (Article 22 of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923). The agreement between many agreements was a separate agreement with the United States, Chester Concession. In the United States, several groups opposed the treaty, including the Committee opposing the Treaty of Lausanne (COLT), and on 18 January 1927, the United States Senate refused to ratify the treaty by 50 to 34 votes, six votes short of the two-thirds required by the Constitution. Thus, Turkey cancelled the concession. After the Turkish delegation signed the Treaty of Lausanne. The delegation was led by Ismet znone (middle). The Treaty of Lausanne led to international recognition of the sovereignty of the new Turkish Republic as the successor state of the defunct Ottoman Empire.
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