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Diversitat Del Gènere Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 a La Mediterrània I Les Illes Canàries: Sistemàtica, Biogeografia I Loxoscelisme

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Diversitat Del Gènere Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 a La Mediterrània I Les Illes Canàries: Sistemàtica, Biogeografia I Loxoscelisme Diversitat del gènere Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 a la Mediterrània i les Illes Canàries: sistemàtica, biogeografia i loxoscelisme Enric Planas Figueras Aquesta tesi doctoral està subjecta a la llicència Reconeixement- NoComercial – CompartirIgual 3.0. Espanya de Creative Commons. Esta tesis doctoral está sujeta a la licencia Reconocimiento - NoComercial – CompartirIgual 3.0. España de Creative Commons. This doctoral thesis is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0. Spain License. Diversitat del gènere Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 a la Mediterrània i les Illes Canàries: sistemàtica, biogeografia i loxoscelisme Enric Planas Figueras TESI DOCTORAL Foto portada: Fuerteventura (E. Planas) Foto contraportada: Anti-Atles (E. Planas) Dibuix contraportada: Descripció de Loxosceles citigrada (= L. rufescens) a Heineken & Lowe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Ó GENERAL INTRODUCCIÓ ! " # # $ %& ' $ # ( ) #* $ +" ,- " . /0 71123 ($ , , 4 # ' 5 6 7 ) $ /71789993: ! ; " # "< ) 4( = 7>2 , ? ,- @ , 4, " . " A " "( /B @7118B 71871A8C- 7178' 71A3 = ( / .17111 ( 111 @8B 71A3 . . " 7 ($ " ",- *+/) D@ 713E 4 " # 4 " ? , , . 4 " , , #'&7 , - = " N /O 71118 3 - 71173E # ,- ( # "4 # 4 , (,(# /B@ ' 7118 = 7118 C 7113 6 "<4, " " 4 = , (- /B 71A3 4 INTRODUCCIÓ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Ó 7 4 @ " " S , #6 , " " 4 , , " = ( 4 T 4- ( $ "- /= 0 3 ? /71P3 ? 4 # 4 - # # T ,"/U 3 ($ " ( 7 4 "( &".!"E" #"S ,- /B >3,- /%9 71136 , " !$ /* !3 ( , , # " , , 4E" "!$/* !3 S # , # /B >8 %9 7113 ($ # / /! !" * !3" # # 4 S /? 71187 !71180 7 7113 E " 4 4 4 . ,- 4 6 , #, " - T % " "0 01/* " !3 , "#" " # ? # ,E75 - ( ? #" ( ($ , ,- ! * /? C 7113 E" ( - S ( /! '@711A8 711A8E U711>3% " # ( S " /0 711A8 = ! 711>3% .
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