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ANA CAROLINA MARTINS WILLE.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ ANA CAROLINA MARTINS WILLE AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE DE FOSFOLIPASE-D RECOMBINANTE DO VENENO DA ARANHA MARROM (Loxosceles intermedia) SOBRE A PROLIFERAÇÃO, INFLUXO DE CÁLCIO E METABOLISMO DE FOSFOLIPÍDIOS EM CÉLULAS TUMORAIS. CURITIBA 2014 i Wille, Ana Carolina Martins Avaliação da atividade de fosfolipase-D recombinante do veneno da aranha marrom (Loxosceles intermedia) sobre a proliferação, influxo de cálcio e metabolismo de fosfolipídios em células tumorais Curitiba, 2014. 217p. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR 1.veneno de aranha marrom. 2. fosfolipase-D. 3.proliferação celular. 4.metabolismo de lipídios. 5.influxo de cálcio. ANA CAROLINA MARTINS WILLE AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE DE FOSFOLIPASE-D RECOMBINANTE DO VENENO DA ARANHA MARROM (Loxosceles intermedia) SOBRE A PROLIFERAÇÃO, INFLUXO DE CÁLCIO E METABOLISMO DE FOSFOLIPÍDIOS EM CÉLULAS TUMORAIS. Tese apresentada como requisito à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Curso de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Orientador(a): Dra. Andrea Senff Ribeiro Co-orientador: Dr. Silvio Sanches Veiga CURITIBA 2014 ii O desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi possível devido ao apoio financeiro do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação Araucária e SETI-PR. iii Dedico este trabalho àquela que antes da sua existência foi o grande sonho que motivou minha vida. Sonho que foi a base para que eu escolhesse uma profissão e um trabalho. À você, minha amada filha GIOVANNA, hoje minha realidade, dedico todo meu trabalho. iv Dedico também este trabalho ao meu amado marido, amigo, professor e co- orientador Dr. Silvio Sanches Veiga, por todos os seus ensinamentos, por ser minha inspiração, exemplo de profissionalismo e apoio em todas as horas. v Ao meu pai Martim por todo amor a mim dedicado, e especialmente à minha mãe Elizabeth que mesmo não estando mais neste mundo, tenho a certeza de que em algum lugar torce por mim, alegra-se com as minhas alegrias, chora com as minhas tristezas e vibra com as minhas conquistas. À minha madrasta Marlene pelo apoio e amizade. vi Aos meus outros pais Paulo e Josélia, pessoas mais que especiais a quem Deus colocou no meu caminho para que guiassem a minha vida quando minha jovem mãe faleceu. A vocês que dedicaram a mim grande parte de sua existência com amor incondicional, que compartilharam os meus ideais, que apoiaram as minhas decisões e foram o alicerce dos meus sonhos dedico este trabalho. A minha irmã Jéssica que sempre me apoiou e me ajudou nas horas mais difíceis. vii “A mente que se abre a uma nova idéia jamais voltará ao seu tamanho original” (Albert Einstein) viii AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço especialmente a minha orientadora, a professora Dra. Andrea Senff Ribeiro por ter confiado em mim, pela sua competência, por todos os seus ensinamentos, pelos seus conselhos sempre muito úteis e por todo apoio científico e pessoal oferecido em todas as horas. Ao meu marido e co-orientador professor Dr. Silvio Sanches Veiga, pela sua competência e profissionalismo, pelas suas críticas sempre pertinentes, pelos seus ensinamentos e por todo apoio profissional e pessoal. Agradeço também a professora Dra. Olga Meiri Chaim por ser uma grande conselheira científica, que sempre ajudou discutindo resultados, esclarecendo as dúvidas e oferecendo interessantes sugestões de como melhorar o trabalho. Pela paciência em ouvir os problemas e pela grande amizade oferecida. A professora Dra. Luiza Helena Gremski pela colaboração na execução de experimentos científicos, pela sua competência técnica, pela paciência em ensinar e também pelo apoio em todas as horas e amizade. Aos professores Dr. Waldemiro Gremski e Dr. Oldemir Carlos Mangili que sempre dedicaram-se ao Laboratório de Matriz Extracelular e Biotecnologia de Venenos de Animais Peçonhentos sempre apoiando o trabalho dos estudantes. A Dra. Danielle Chaves Moreira por toda sua disposição em me ajudar, pela sua competência e profissionalismo, por todos os seus ensinamentos, por ser uma fonte de inspiração, pela compreensão, otimismo e amizade. A Dra. Dilza Trevisan Silva por toda ajuda e amizade. Aos atuais colegas de laboratório Fernando, Adriano, Aline, Gabriel, Thiago de Mari, Valéria, Brenda, Lucas, Larissa, Hanna, Bruna, e especialmente a Mariana Bóia Ferreira por toda ajuda prestada, amizade e ótima convivência durante estes anos. Aos amigos que passaram pelo laboratório Youssef, Mariana Magnoni, Marta, Matheus, Daniela, Soraya, João e Thiago Silva. ix Á todos os amigos e colegas do curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular pela amizade e agradável convivência durante todos esses anos. À coordenação do curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular por todo empenho em melhorar o curso e ajudar os estudantes. À secretária do curso de Pós-Graduação Marlene B. de Camargo por estar sempre disposta a sanar dúvidas e auxiliar os estudantes. Aos professores do Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética do Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da UEPG por todo apoio, compreensão e por substituírem a minha ausência durante a realização do doutorado. À todos os meus familiares por sempre me apoiarem e acreditarem no meu trabalho, especialmente ao meu marido Silvio, meus pais e minha irmã Jéssica. À minha filha Giovanna Wille Sanches Veiga por tornar minha vida muito mais alegre e feliz. x RESUMO As fosfolipases são uma família de enzimas encontradas em várias fontes biológicas incluindo os organismos procarióticos e eucarióticos. As aranhas do gênero Loxosceles, conhecidas popularmente como aranhas marrons, são eficazes em produzir em seus venenos uma grande proporção de fosfolipases-D. No veneno destas aranhas, estas enzimas estão relacionadas à dermonecrose, desregulação da resposta inflamatória, hemólise, nefrotoxicidade e agregação plaquetária. As fosfolipases-D catalizam a hidrólise de diferentes fosfolipídios gerando ácido fosfatídico, ou ácido lisofosfatídico, ou ceramida-1-fosfato, importantes mediadores nos eventos de sinalizações celulares. Alterações no padrão de expressão, atividade destas moléculas ou receptores para seus produtos tem sido relacionados com o desenvolvimento de muitos tumores. Desta forma, neste trabalho foi observado o efeito de uma fosfolipase-D exógena recombinante da glândula de veneno da aranha marrom Loxosceles intermedia (LiRecDT1) sobre as células das linhagens de melanoma murino B16-F10 e B16-F1. Por meio de experimentos de imunoblotting em duas dimensões com anticorpo contra a fosfolipase-D recombinante LiRecDT1 foi observada reatividade imunológica cruzada para pelo menos 25 spots no veneno bruto de L. intermedia, indicando alto nível de expressão para diferentes isoformas de fosfolipase-D. Experimentos de cinética de degradação de lipídios mostraram que esta toxina degrada de maneira tempo dependente tanto esfingomileina, gerando ceramida-1-fosfato e colina, quanto lisofosfatidilcolina, gerando ácido lisofosfatídico e colina e mostram menor atividade contra fosfatidilcolina. Através de experimentos de imunofluorescência com anticorpos contra LiRecDT1 e usando a toxina recombinante de fusão LiRecDT1-GFP foi observado a ligação direta de LiRecDT1 na membrana de células B16-F10. Também foi observado que a toxina recombinante LiRecDT1 tem acesso e degrada fosfolipídios das membranas das células B16-F10, observado em experimentos com extratos de membranas obtidos com detergente ou Ghosts de membrana pela geração de colina. Usando o Fluo-4 AM, um fluoróforo permeante sensível ao cálcio, foi possível observar que o tratamento das células B16-F10 e B16-F1 com a toxina LiRecDT1 induziu um aumento da concentração de cálcio no citoplasma. Em células B16-F10 também foram avaliadas a viabilidade e a morfologia após o tratamento com a fosfolipase-D recombinante e os resultados mostraram que não houve alterações sugerindo que a entrada de cálcio não foi decorrente a danos causados à membrana das células. Baseado no que é conhecido sobre a atividade de fosfolipases-D endógenas como indutores da proliferação celular e no fato de que LiRecDT1 se liga a superfície de células B16-F10 hidrolisando fosfolipídios e gerando lipídios bioativos, foi utilizada a toxina LiRecDT1 como uma fonte exógena de fosfolipase-D em células B16-F10. O tratamento destas células com a fosfolipase-D recombinante de aranha marrom foi efetivo no aumento da sua proliferação e de maneira tempo e concentração dependentes, especialmente na presença de esfingomielina sintética no meio. Estes resultados sugerem que a fosfolipase-D de aranha marrom pode ser usada como uma ferramenta bioativa para protocolos experimentais em biologia celular. Palavras-chave: veneno de aranha marrom; fosfolipase-D; proliferação celular; metabolismo de lipídios; influxo de cálcio. xi ABSTRACT Phospholipases are a family of enzymes found in several biological sources including prokaryotic and higher organisms. The spiders of genus Loxosceles, popularly known as brown spiders, are effective in producing in their venom a great proportion of phospholipases-D. In the venom of brown spiders, these enzymes are related to dermonecrosis, dysregulated inflammatory responses, hemolysis, nephrotoxicity and platelet aggregation. The phospholipase-D catalyze the hydrolysis of different phospholipids generating phosphatidic acid or lysophosphatidic acid or ceramide-1- phosphate, important
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