Biolphilately Vol-64 No-3
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Fatty Acid-Amino Acid Conjugates Diversification in Lepidopteran Caterpillars
J Chem Ecol (2010) 36:319–325 DOI 10.1007/s10886-010-9764-8 Fatty Acid-amino Acid Conjugates Diversification in Lepidopteran Caterpillars Naoko Yoshinaga & Hans T. Alborn & Tomoaki Nakanishi & David M. Suckling & Ritsuo Nishida & James H. Tumlinson & Naoki Mori Received: 30 September 2009 /Revised: 29 January 2010 /Accepted: 11 February 2010 /Published online: 27 February 2010 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 Abstract Fatty acid amino acid conjugates (FACs) have the presence of FACs in lepidopteran species outside these been found in noctuid as well as sphingid caterpillar oral families of agricultural interest is not well known. We con- secretions; in particular, volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)- ducted FAC screening of 29 lepidopteran species, and found L-glutamine] and its biochemical precursor, N-linolenoyl-L- them in 19 of these species. Thus, FACs are commonly glutamine, are known elicitors of induced volatile emissions synthesized through a broad range of lepidopteran cater- in corn plants. These induced volatiles, in turn, attract natural pillars. Since all FAC-containing species had N-linolenoyl-L- enemies of the caterpillars. In a previous study, we showed glutamine and/or N-linoleoyl-L-glutamine in common, and that N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine in larval Spodoptera litura the evolutionarily earliest species among them had only plays an important role in nitrogen assimilation which might these two FACs, these glutamine conjugates might be the be an explanation for caterpillars synthesizing FACs despite evolutionarily older FACs. Furthermore, some species had an increased risk of attracting natural enemies. However, glutamic acid conjugates, and some had hydroxylated FACs. Comparing the diversity of FACs with lepidopteran phylog- eny indicates that glutamic acid conjugates can be synthe- N. -
PALATABILITAS KUPU-KUPU (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE DAN PAPILIONIDAE) SEBAGAI PAKAN Tarsius Fuscus DI PENANGKARAN
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi dan Pembelajarannya Universitas Negeri Medan, 12 Oktober 2018 ISSN 2656-1670 PALATABILITAS KUPU-KUPU (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE DAN PAPILIONIDAE) SEBAGAI PAKAN Tarsius fuscus DI PENANGKARAN PALATABILITY OF BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE AND PAPILIONIDAE Tarsius fuscus IN CAPTIVITY Indra A.S.L.P. Putri1 1Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Makassar, e-mail: [email protected], Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 16.5 Telp +62411504049 dan +62411504058, Makassar ABSTRACT Tarsius fuscus is an endemic animal of Sulawesi. It is a nocturnal primate, consuming insects in its natural habitat. However, palatability of Nymphalidae and Papilionidae butterflies families as the feed of Tarsius fuscus is unknown. The butterflies are available abundantly around the Tarsius’ captivity in the natural habitat of Tarsius fuscus, therefore they are a potential natural feeding for Tarsius fuscus. This study aims to determine the palatability of Nymphalidae and Papilionidae butterflies families as the feed for Tarsius fuscus. This information is important to provide natural feeding for Tarsius fuscus, to avoid the dependence of Tarsius fuscus on grasshopper feed in captivity. The palatability treatment used was free choice feeding methods. The diet was given ad- libitum. The results showed that 12 species of butterflies from Nymphalidae family and 9 species of butterflies from the Papilionidae family were palatable for the feed of Tarsius fuscus Keywords : diet, Tarsius fuscus, Lepidoptera, captivity ABSTRAK Tarsius fuscus merupakan salah satu satwa endemik Sulawesi. Primata nocturnal ini diketahui mengkonsumsi berbagai spesies serangga di habitat alaminya, Namun demikian, palatabilitas Tarsius fuscus terhadap kupu-kupu dari familia Nymphalidae dan Papilionidae belum diketahui. Kupu-kupu ini diketahui tersedia cukup melimpah di sekitar lokasi kandang penangkaran yang di bangun di habitat alami Tarsius fuscus sehingga berpotensi tinggi sebagai pakan alami. -
Longwing (Heliconius) Butterflies Combine a Restricted Set of Pigmentary and Structural Coloration Mechanisms Bodo D
Wilts et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:226 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-1073-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Longwing (Heliconius) butterflies combine a restricted set of pigmentary and structural coloration mechanisms Bodo D. Wilts1,2* , Aidan J. M. Vey1, Adriana D. Briscoe3 and Doekele G. Stavenga1 Abstract Background: Longwing butterflies, Heliconius sp., also called heliconians, are striking examples of diversity and mimicry in butterflies. Heliconians feature strongly colored patterns on their wings, arising from wing scales colored by pigments and/or nanostructures, which serve as an aposematic signal. Results: Here, we investigate the coloration mechanisms among several species of Heliconius by applying scanning electron microscopy, (micro)spectrophotometry, and imaging scatterometry. We identify seven kinds of colored scales within Heliconius whose coloration is derived from pigments, nanostructures or both. In yellow-, orange- and red-colored wing patches, both cover and ground scales contain wavelength-selective absorbing pigments, 3-OH-kynurenine, xanthommatin and/or dihydroxanthommatin. In blue wing patches, the cover scales are blue either due to interference of light in the thin-film lower lamina (e.g., H. doris) or in the multilayered lamellae in the scale ridges (so-called ridge reflectors, e.g., H. sara and H. erato); the underlying ground scales are black. In the white wing patches, both cover and ground scales are blue due to their thin-film lower lamina, but because they are stacked upon each other and at the wing substrate, a faint bluish to white color results. Lastly, green wing patches (H. doris) have cover scales with blue-reflecting thin films and short-wavelength absorbing 3-OH-kynurenine, together causing a green color. -
The Genetics and Evolution of Iridescent Structural Colour in Heliconius Butterflies
The genetics and evolution of iridescent structural colour in Heliconius butterflies Melanie N. Brien A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Science Department of Animal & Plant Sciences Submission Date August 2019 1 2 Abstract The study of colouration has been essential in developing key concepts in evolutionary biology. The Heliconius butterflies are well-studied for their diverse aposematic and mimetic colour patterns, and these pigment colour patterns are largely controlled by a small number of homologous genes. Some Heliconius species also produce bright, highly reflective structural colours, but unlike pigment colour, little is known about the genetic basis of structural colouration in any species. In this thesis, I aim to explore the genetic basis of iridescent structural colour in two mimetic species, and investigate its adaptive function. Using experimental crosses between iridescent and non-iridescent subspecies of Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene, I show that iridescent colour is a quantitative trait by measuring colour variation in offspring. I then use a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping approach to identify loci controlling the trait in the co-mimics, finding that the genetic basis is not the same in the two species. In H. erato, the colour is strongly sex-linked, while in H. melpomene, we find a large effect locus on chromosome 3, plus a number of putative small effect loci in each species. Therefore, iridescence in Heliconius is not an example of repeated gene reuse. I then show that both iridescent colour and pigment colour are sexually dimorphic in H. -
Revised Taxonomy of Temognatha Duponti (Boisduval) and T. Stevensii
Journal of Insect Biodiversity 3(18): 1-25, 2015 http://www.insectbiodiversity.org RESEARCH ARTICLE Revised taxonomy of Temognatha duponti (Boisduval) and T. stevensii (Gehin) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Stigmoderini), with definition of the grandis and stevensii species-groups Magnus Peterson1 1Unit 5/33 Point Walter Road, Bicton, Western Australia 6157. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The nominal species Temognatha duponti (Boisduval, 1835) and T. barbiventris (Carter, 1916) are considered conspecific. The specific name barbiventris (Carter, 1916) syn. nov. is a subjective synonym of the name duponti (Boisduval, 1835). The nominal species Temognatha stevensii (Gehin, 1855) is not considered conspecific with Temognatha duponti (Boisduval, 1835). The specific name stevensii (Gehin, 1855) is revalidated as the name of the species Temognatha stevensii (Gehin, 1855). The specific name tibialis (Waterhouse, 1874) is a subjective synonym of the name stevensii (Gehin, 1855). The prevailing usage (ICZN, Article 33.3.1) of the name stevensii over stewensii is preserved for the species Temognatha stevensii (Gehin, 1855). Both valid species are diagnosed/redescribed and illustrated, and their relationships, biology and distributions are discussed. Complete synonymies and references, and photos/illustrations of some diagnostic head, elytral and genitalic structural features, are also provided. The Temognatha grandis and T. stevensii species-groups are defined. Lectotypes are designated for Buprestis duponti Boisduval, 1835 and Stigmodera tibialis Waterhouse, 1874. Key words: Temognatha, barbiventris, duponti, flavocincta, grandis, stevensii, tibialis, synonyms, redescriptions, Australia, relationships, distributions, habitat, biology. Introduction The identity and synonymy of three nominal species of Temognatha Solier, T. duponti (Boisduval, 1835), T. stevensii (Gehin, 1855) and T. tibialis (Waterhouse, 1874), has been contentious for many years. -
Near-Infrared (NIR)-Reflectance in Insects – Phenetic Studies of 181 Species
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Entomologie heute Jahr/Year: 2012 Band/Volume: 24 Autor(en)/Author(s): Mielewczik Michael, Liebisch Frank, Walter Achim, Greven Hartmut Artikel/Article: Near-Infrared (NIR)-Reflectance in Insects – Phenetic Studies of 181 Species. Infrarot (NIR)-Reflexion bei Insekten – phänetische Untersuchungen an 181 Arten 183-216 Near-Infrared (NIR)-Refl ectance of Insects 183 Entomologie heute 24 (2012): 183-215 Near-Infrared (NIR)-Reflectance in Insects – Phenetic Studies of 181 Species Infrarot (NIR)-Reflexion bei Insekten – phänetische Untersuchungen an 181 Arten MICHAEL MIELEWCZIK, FRANK LIEBISCH, ACHIM WALTER & HARTMUT GREVEN Summary: We tested a camera system which allows to roughly estimate the amount of refl ectance prop- erties in the near infrared (NIR; ca. 700-1000 nm). The effectiveness of the system was studied by tak- ing photos of 165 insect species including some subspecies from museum collections (105 Coleoptera, 11 Hemi ptera (Pentatomidae), 12 Hymenoptera, 10 Lepidoptera, 9 Mantodea, 4 Odonata, 13 Orthoptera, 1 Phasmatodea) and 16 living insect species (1 Lepidoptera, 3 Mantodea, 4 Orthoptera, 8 Phasmato- dea), from which four are exemplarily pictured herein. The system is based on a modifi ed standard consumer DSLR camera (Canon Rebel XSi), which was altered for two-channel colour infrared photography. The camera is especially sensitive in the spectral range of 700-800 nm, which is well- suited to visualize small scale spectral differences in the steep of increase in refl ectance in this range, as it could be seen in some species. Several of the investigated species show at least a partial infrared refl ectance. -
Towards a Mitogenomic Phylogeny of Lepidoptera ⇑ Martijn J.T.N
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79 (2014) 169–178 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Towards a mitogenomic phylogeny of Lepidoptera ⇑ Martijn J.T.N. Timmermans a,b, , David C. Lees c, Thomas J. Simonsen a a Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom b Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom c Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, Downing Street CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: The backbone phylogeny of Lepidoptera remains unresolved, despite strenuous recent morphological and Received 13 January 2014 molecular efforts. Molecular studies have focused on nuclear protein coding genes, sometimes adding a Revised 11 May 2014 single mitochondrial gene. Recent advances in sequencing technology have, however, made acquisition of Accepted 26 May 2014 entire mitochondrial genomes both practical and economically viable. Prior phylogenetic studies utilised Available online 6 June 2014 just eight of 43 currently recognised lepidopteran superfamilies. Here, we add 23 full and six partial mitochondrial genomes (comprising 22 superfamilies of which 16 are newly represented) to those Keywords: publically available for a total of 24 superfamilies and ask whether such a sample can resolve deeper tRNA rearrangement lepidopteran phylogeny. Using recoded datasets we obtain topologies that are highly congruent with Ditrysia Illumina prior nuclear and/or morphological studies. Our study shows support for an expanded Obtectomera LR-PCR including Gelechioidea, Thyridoidea, plume moths (Alucitoidea and Pterophoroidea; possibly along with Pooled mitochondrial genome assembly Epermenioidea), Papilionoidea, Pyraloidea, Mimallonoidea and Macroheterocera. -
Beetles (Coleoptera) of the Shell Picture Card Series: Buprestidae by Dr Trevor J
Calodema Supplementary Paper No. 30 (2007) Beetles (Coleoptera) of the Shell Picture Card series: Buprestidae by Dr Trevor J. Hawkeswood* *PO Box 842, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia, 2753 (www.calodema.com) Hawkeswood, T.J. (2007). Beetles (Coleoptera) of the Shell Picture Card series: Buprestidae. Calodema Supplementary Paper No. 30 : 1-7. Abstract: Cards depicting Buprestidae species (Coleoptera) from Australia in the Shell Picture Card series entitled Australian Beetles (1965) are reviewed in this paper. The original cards are supplied as illustrations with the original accompanying data. Comments on these data are provided wherever applicable. Introduction During the early to mid 1960’s the Shell Petroleum Company issued a number of Picture Card series dealing with the fauna and flora of Australia. The cards were handed out free at Shell service stations across the country (when petrol stations did give proper service!) and were housed in an album which was purchased separately. This paper reviews the Buprestidae (Coleoptera) of the Australian Beetles series (card numbers 301-360)(1965). The other beetle groups will be dealt with in other papers. The reason for these papers is to provide the illustrations and data for future workers since the Shell Picture Card series are rare and have seldom been referred to as a result. The nomenclature used here generally follows that of Bellamy (2003). Species Card no. 315 - Regal Jewel Beetle, Calodema regale (Laporte & Gory) [as Calodema regalis L.& G.] Card data: “This magnificent insect is extremely well named because it is one of the most beautiful members of the Jewel Beetle family (Buprestidae). -
Jonas James Goodwin
University of Otago ! Discovering Nature through Mobile Gaming Jonas James Goodwin A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Communication Centre for Science Communication, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand March, 2016 ! ABSTRACT Casual video games and nature outreach face similar challenges when engaging audiences, and may have much to offer one another from within their respective realms. The aims of this project were to examine casual mobile video games as a means of encouraging engagement with nature, as well as whether factual content has a place within the non-serious gaming industry. This was achieved through two studies using the commercially successful free-to-play game Flutter: Butter*ly Sanctuary. Quantitative player metrics and qualitative self-report methods drew results from over 180,000 active players and were used to assess engagement through sub-factors relating to learning and interest. While a direct measure of learning remained elusive, an analysis of metrics results revealed players to be performing very well at identifying species within the context of the game. Supporting survey analyses revealed Flutter to extend interest in butterFlies beyond the game with some groups. Additional results revealed players to be engaging with the factual content, and identifying it as a positive factor when making decisions about sharing and spending. It was also revealed that many players had difFiculty distinguishing non-factual from factual elements within the game. On the basis of these results, I conclude that games like Flutter may help sustain engagement with real world content, which in turn can be responsibly utilised by game developers to engage and offer depth to their audience. -
Distribution of Carpenter-Moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) in the Palaearctic Deserts
ISSN 0013-8738, Entomological Review, 2013, Vol. 93, No. 8, pp. 991–1004. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2013. Original Russian Text © R.V. Yakovlev, V.V. Dubatolov, 2013, published in Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 2013, Vol. 92, No. 6, pp. 682–694. Distribution of Carpenter-Moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) in the Palaearctic Deserts a b R. V. Yakovlev and V. V. Dubatolov aAltai State University, Barnaul, 656049 Russia e-mail: [email protected] bInstitute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia e-mail: [email protected] Received September 6, 2012 Abstract—Specific features of the carpenter-moths (Cossidae) distribution in the Palaearctic deserts are consid- ered. The Palaearctic frontier was delimited to the Arabian Peninsula (the eastern and northern parts of Arabia are attributed to the Palaearctic Region; Yemen, southwestern Saudi Arabia, and southernmost Iran belong to the Afro- tropical Region). Cossidae are highly endemic to arid areas. Some Palaearctic carpenter-moth genera penetrate to Africa southward of the Sahara Desert (an important characteristic distinguishing them from most of the other Lepidoptera). The local faunas of the Palaearctic deserts are united into 4 groups: the Sahara–Arabian–Southern- Iranian, Central-Asian–Kazakhstanian, Western-Gobian, and Eastern-Gobian. In the Eastern Gobi Desert, the fauna is the most specific; it should be considered as a separate zoogeographical subregion. DOI: 10.1134/S0013873813080071 Cossidae (Lepidoptera) is a widely distributed fam- The following areas were considered as the sites: ily comprising 151 genera with 971 species (van Neu- (1) the western part of the Sahara Desert (Morocco, kerken et al., 2011), among which 267 species occur in northern Mauritania, the Western Sahara); the Palaearctic Region (Yakovlev, 2011c). -
Range of a Palearctic Uraniid Moth Eversmannia Exornata
Org Divers Evol (2015) 15:285–300 DOI 10.1007/s13127-014-0195-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Range of a Palearctic uraniid moth Eversmannia exornata (Lepidoptera: Uraniidae: Epipleminae) was split in the Holocene, as evaluated using histone H1 and COI genes with reference to the Beringian disjunction in the genus Oreta (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae) Vladimir I. Solovyev & Vera S. Bogdanova & Vladimir V. Dubatolov & Oleg E. Kosterin Received: 7 November 2013 /Accepted: 5 December 2014 /Published online: 24 December 2014 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2014 Abstract Large-scale climatic cycling during the Pleistocene COI gene fragment appeared to have two alleles differing by resulted in repeated split and fusion of species ranges in high one synonymous substitution; both alleles co-occurring in the northern latitudes. Disjunctions of ranges of some Eurasian European population. The histone H1 gene had two dimorphic species associated with nemoral communities used to be dated synonymous sites, with both variants of one site found in all to ‘glacial time’, with existence of their contiguous ranges three isolates. Absence of accumulated difference in both reconstructed not later than 1 mya, while a recent hypothesis genes and polymorphism for the same synonymous substitu- associates them with the Boreal time of the Holocene and tion in the H1 gene in all three parts of the range suggests a reconstructs the contiguous ranges ca 5 thousand years ago. very recent disjunction which cannot be resolved by coding These estimates differing by almost 3 orders of magnitude gene sequences. This well corresponds to the Holocene dis- appealed for their testing via molecular methods. We made junction hypothesis and rules out the Pliocene/early such a test for Eversmannia exornata (Lepidoptera: Pleistocene disjunction hypothesis. -
The Little Things That Run the City How Do Melbourne’S Green Spaces Support Insect Biodiversity and Promote Ecosystem Health?
The Little Things that Run the City How do Melbourne’s green spaces support insect biodiversity and promote ecosystem health? Luis Mata, Christopher D. Ives, Georgia E. Garrard, Ascelin Gordon, Anna Backstrom, Kate Cranney, Tessa R. Smith, Laura Stark, Daniel J. Bickel, Saul Cunningham, Amy K. Hahs, Dieter Hochuli, Mallik Malipatil, Melinda L Moir, Michaela Plein, Nick Porch, Linda Semeraro, Rachel Standish, Ken Walker, Peter A. Vesk, Kirsten Parris and Sarah A. Bekessy The Little Things that Run the City – How do Melbourne’s green spaces support insect biodiversity and promote ecosystem health? Report prepared for the City of Melbourne, November 2015 Coordinating authors Luis Mata Christopher D. Ives Georgia E. Garrard Ascelin Gordon Sarah Bekessy Interdisciplinary Conservation Science Research Group Centre for Urban Research School of Global, Urban and Social Studies RMIT University 124 La Trobe Street Melbourne 3000 Contributing authors Anna Backstrom, Kate Cranney, Tessa R. Smith, Laura Stark, Daniel J. Bickel, Saul Cunningham, Amy K. Hahs, Dieter Hochuli, Mallik Malipatil, Melinda L Moir, Michaela Plein, Nick Porch, Linda Semeraro, Rachel Standish, Ken Walker, Peter A. Vesk and Kirsten Parris. Cover artwork by Kate Cranney ‘Melbourne in a Minute Scavenger’ (Ink and paper on paper, 2015) This artwork is a little tribute to a minute beetle. We found the brown minute scavenger beetle (Corticaria sp.) at so many survey plots for the Little Things that Run the City project that we dubbed the species ‘Old Faithful’. I’ve recreated the map of the City of Melbourne within the beetle’s body. Can you trace the outline of Port Phillip Bay? Can you recognise the shape of your suburb? Next time you’re walking in a park or garden in the City of Melbourne, keep a keen eye out for this ubiquitous little beetle.