Pendidikan Agama Hindu Dan Budi Pekerti
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Ritual Diwali Di Sri Sri Radha Gopinath Ashram Surabaya
RITUAL DIWALI DI SRI SRI RADHA GOPINATH ASHRAM SURABAYA Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Agama (S.Ag) dalam Program Studi Agama-Agama Oleh: Tiara Sari NIM: E92216055 PROGRAM STUDI AGAMA-AGAMA FAKULTAS USULUDDIN DAN FILSAFAT UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA 2020 PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini saya: Nama : Tiara Sari NIM : E92216055 Jurusan : Studi Agama-Agama Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini secara keseluruhan adalah hasil penelitian/ karya saya sendiri, kecuali pada bagain- bagian yang dirujuk sumbernya. Surabaya, 30 November 2020 Saya yang menyatakan Dibawah ini, Tiara Sari NIM: E92216055 i PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING Skripsi Berjudul “RITUAL DIWALI DI SRI SRI RADHA GOPINATH ASHRAM SURABAYA” yang ditulis oleh Tiara Sari telah disetujui dan untuk diujikan Pada tanggal Surabaya, 30 November 2020 Pembimbing, Dr. Nasruddin, S.Pd, S. Th.I, MA NIP: 197308032009011005 ii PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI Skripsi Berjudul “RITUAL DIWALI DI SRI SRI RADHA GOPINATH ASHRAM SURABAYA” yang ditulis oleh Tiara Sari telah diuji Pada tanggal 30 November 2020 Tim Penguji: 1. Dr. Haqqul Yaqin, M. Ag. :.............................. .................... 2. Dr. Wiwik Setiyani, M. Ag. : ................................................. 3. Feryani Umi Rosidah, S. Ag, M. Fil.l : ............ ..................................... Surabaya, 30 November 2020 iv ABSTRAK Judul : RITUAL DIWALI DI SRI SRI RADHA GOPINATH ASHRAM SURABAYA Penulis : Tiara Sari Pembimbing : Dr. Nasruddin, S.pd, S.Th.I, M.A Ritual merupakan unsur terpenting dalam kehidupan beragama. Mulai dari agama yang berskala besar atau memiliki pengikut banyak dan ajarannya tersebar dimana-mana. Contohnya Islam, Budha, Katolik, Kristen, Konghucu, Hindu. Hingga agama yang berskala kecil seperti aliran kepercayaan dan lain sebagainya. Salah satunya yaitu pengikut kesadaran Krishna atau yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan ISKCON (International Society of Krishna Consciousness). -
3.Hindu Websites Sorted Country Wise
Hindu Websites sorted Country wise Sl. Reference Country Broad catergory Website Address Description No. 1 Afghanistan Dynasty http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindushahi Hindu Shahi Dynasty Afghanistan, Pakistan 2 Afghanistan Dynasty http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayapala King Jayapala -Hindu Shahi Dynasty Afghanistan, Pakistan 3 Afghanistan Dynasty http://www.afghanhindu.com/history.asp The Hindu Shahi Dynasty (870 C.E. - 1015 C.E.) 4 Afghanistan History http://hindutemples- Hindu Roots of Afghanistan whthappendtothem.blogspot.com/ (Gandhar pradesh) 5 Afghanistan History http://www.hindunet.org/hindu_history/mode Hindu Kush rn/hindu_kush.html 6 Afghanistan Information http://afghanhindu.wordpress.com/ Afghan Hindus 7 Afghanistan Information http://afghanhindusandsikhs.yuku.com/ Hindus of Afaganistan 8 Afghanistan Information http://www.afghanhindu.com/vedic.asp Afghanistan and It's Vedic Culture 9 Afghanistan Information http://www.afghanhindu.de.vu/ Hindus of Afaganistan 10 Afghanistan Organisation http://www.afghanhindu.info/ Afghan Hindus 11 Afghanistan Organisation http://www.asamai.com/ Afghan Hindu Asociation 12 Afghanistan Temple http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_Temples_ Hindu Temples of Kabul of_Kabul 13 Afghanistan Temples Database http://www.athithy.com/index.php?module=p Hindu Temples of Afaganistan luspoints&id=851&action=pluspoint&title=H indu%20Temples%20in%20Afghanistan%20. html 14 Argentina Ayurveda http://www.augurhostel.com/ Augur Hostel Yoga & Ayurveda 15 Argentina Festival http://www.indembarg.org.ar/en/ Festival of -
2.Hindu Websites Sorted Category Wise
Hindu Websites sorted Category wise Sl. No. Broad catergory Website Address Description Reference Country 1 Archaelogy http://aryaculture.tripod.com/vedicdharma/id10. India's Cultural Link with Ancient Mexico html America 2 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harappa Harappa Civilisation India 3 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civil Indus Valley Civilisation India ization 4 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiradu_temples Kiradu Barmer Temples India 5 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo_Daro Mohenjo_Daro Civilisation India 6 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalanda Nalanda University India 7 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila Takshashila University Pakistan 8 Archaelogy http://selians.blogspot.in/2010/01/ganesha- Ganesha, ‘lingga yoni’ found at newly Indonesia lingga-yoni-found-at-newly.html discovered site 9 Archaelogy http://vedicarcheologicaldiscoveries.wordpress.c Ancient Idol of Lord Vishnu found Russia om/2012/05/27/ancient-idol-of-lord-vishnu- during excavation in an old village in found-during-excavation-in-an-old-village-in- Russia’s Volga Region russias-volga-region/ 10 Archaelogy http://vedicarcheologicaldiscoveries.wordpress.c Mahendraparvata, 1,200-Year-Old Cambodia om/2013/06/15/mahendraparvata-1200-year- Lost Medieval City In Cambodia, old-lost-medieval-city-in-cambodia-unearthed- Unearthed By Archaeologists 11 Archaelogy http://wikimapia.org/7359843/Takshashila- Takshashila University Pakistan Taxila 12 Archaelogy http://www.agamahindu.com/vietnam-hindu- Vietnam -
1.Hindu Websites Sorted Alphabetically
Hindu Websites sorted Alphabetically Sl. No. Website Address Description Broad catergory Reference Country 1 http://18shaktipeetasofdevi.blogspot.com/ 18 Shakti Peethas Goddess India 2 http://18shaktipeetasofdevi.blogspot.in/ 18 Shakti Peethas Goddess India 3 http://199.59.148.11/Gurudev_English Swami Ramakrishnanada Leader- Spiritual India 4 http://330milliongods.blogspot.in/ A Bouquet of Rose Flowers to My Lord India Lord Ganesh Ji 5 http://41.212.34.21/ The Hindu Council of Kenya (HCK) Organisation Kenya 6 http://63nayanar.blogspot.in/ 63 Nayanar Lord India 7 http://75.126.84.8/ayurveda/ Jiva Institute Ayurveda India 8 http://8000drumsoftheprophecy.org/ ISKCON Payers Bhajan Brazil 9 http://aalayam.co.nz/ Ayalam NZ Hindu Temple Society Organisation New Zealand 10 http://aalayamkanden.blogspot.com/2010/11/s Sri Lakshmi Kubera Temple, Temple India ri-lakshmi-kubera-temple.html Rathinamangalam 11 http://aalayamkanden.blogspot.in/ Journey of lesser known temples in Temples Database India India 12 http://aalayamkanden.blogspot.in/2010/10/bra Brahmapureeswarar Temple, Temple India hmapureeswarar-temple-tirupattur.html Tirupattur 13 http://accidentalhindu.blogspot.in/ Hinduism Information Information Trinidad & Tobago 14 http://acharya.iitm.ac.in/sanskrit/tutor.php Acharya Learn Sanskrit through self Sanskrit Education India study 15 http://acharyakishorekunal.blogspot.in/ Acharya Kishore Kunal, Bihar Information India Mahavir Mandir Trust (BMMT) 16 http://acm.org.sg/resource_docs/214_Ramayan An international Conference on Conference Singapore -
Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals RT1806 C00.Qxd 4/23/2004 2:13 PM Page Ii
RT1806_C00.qxd 4/23/2004 2:13 PM Page i encyclopedia of religious rites, rituals, and festivals RT1806_C00.qxd 4/23/2004 2:13 PM Page ii ROUTLEDGE ENCYCLOPEDIAS OF RELIGION AND SOCIETY David Levinson, Series Editor The Encyclopedia of Millennialism and Millennial Movements Richard A. Landes, Editor The Encyclopedia of African and African-American Religions Stephen D. Glazier, Editor The Encyclopedia of Fundamentalism Brenda E. Brasher, Editor The Encyclopedia of Religious Freedom Catharine Cookson, Editor The Encyclopedia of Religion and War Gabriel Palmer-Fernandez, Editor The Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals Frank A. Salamone, Editor RT1806_C00.qxd 4/23/2004 2:13 PM Page iii encyclopedia of religious rites, rituals, and festivals Frank A. Salamone, Editor Religion & Society A Berkshire Reference Work ROUTLEDGE New York London RT1806_C00.qxd 4/23/2004 2:13 PM Page iv Published in 2004 by Routledge 29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 www.routledge-ny.com Published in Great Britain by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE www.routledge.uk.co A Berkshire Reference Work. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group. Copyright © 2004 by Berkshire Publishing Group Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of religious rites, rituals, and festivals / Frank A. -
Hindu Websites Sorted Alphabetically Sl
Hindu Websites sorted Alphabetically Sl. No. Website Address Description Broad catergory Reference Country 1 http://18shaktipeetasofdevi.blogspot.com/ 18 Shakti Peethas Goddess India 2 http://18shaktipeetasofdevi.blogspot.in/ 18 Shakti Peethas Goddess India 3 http://199.59.148.11/Gurudev_English Swami Ramakrishnanada Leader- Spiritual India 4 http://330milliongods.blogspot.in/ A Bouquet of Rose Flowers to My Lord India Lord Ganesh Ji 5 http://41.212.34.21/ The Hindu Council of Kenya (HCK) Organisation Kenya 6 http://63nayanar.blogspot.in/ 63 Nayanar Lord India 7 http://75.126.84.8/ayurveda/ Jiva Institute Ayurveda India 8 http://8000drumsoftheprophecy.org/ ISKCON Payers Bhajan Brazil 9 http://aalayam.co.nz/ Ayalam NZ Hindu Temple Society Organisation New Zealand 10 http://aalayamkanden.blogspot.com/2010/11/s Sri Lakshmi Kubera Temple, Temple India ri-lakshmi-kubera-temple.html Rathinamangalam 11 http://aalayamkanden.blogspot.in/ Journey of lesser known temples in Temples Database India India 12 http://aalayamkanden.blogspot.in/2010/10/bra Brahmapureeswarar Temple, Temple India hmapureeswarar-temple-tirupattur.html Tirupattur 13 http://accidentalhindu.blogspot.in/ Hinduism Information Information Trinidad & Tobago 14 http://acharya.iitm.ac.in/sanskrit/tutor.php Acharya Learn Sanskrit through self Sanskrit Education India study 15 http://acharyakishorekunal.blogspot.in/ Acharya Kishore Kunal, Bihar Information India Mahavir Mandir Trust (BMMT) 16 http://acm.org.sg/resource_docs/214_Ramayan An international Conference on Conference Singapore -
Pendidikan Agama Hindu Dan Budi Pekerti
Pendidikan Agama Hindu dan Budi Pekerti SD Kelas IV Hak Cipta © 2013 pada Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Dilindungi Undang-Undang MILIK NEGARA TIDAK DIPERDAGANGKAN Disklaimer: Buku ini merupakan buku siswa yang dipersiapkan Pemerintah dalam rangka implementasi Kurikulum 2013. Buku siswa ini disusun dan ditelaah oleh berbagai pihak di bawah koordinasi Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, dan dipergunakan dalam tahap awal penerapan Kurikulum 2013. Buku ini merupakan “dokumen hidup” yang senantiasa diperbaiki, diperbaharui, dan dimutakhirkan sesuai dengan dinamika kebutuhan dan perubahan zaman. Masukan dari berbagai kalangan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas buku ini. Katalog Dalam Terbitan (KDT) Indonesia. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Pendidikan Agama Hindu dan Budi Pekerti / Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. -- Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 2013. iv, 92 hlm. : ilus. ; 29.7 cm. Untuk SD Kelas IV ISBN 978-979-1274-88-3 (jilid lengkap) ISBN 978-979-1274-92-0 (jilid 4) 1. Hindu - Studi dan Pengajaran I. Judul II. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 294.5 Kontributor Naskah : Duwijo dan Komang Susila. Penelaah : I Made Titib dan I Made Sujana. Penyelia Penerbitan : Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif, Jakarta. Cetakan Ke-1, 2013 Disusun dengan huruf Myriad Pro, 14 pt ii Agama Hindu Kelas 4 SD ii Kelas IV SD ii Kelas IV SD Kata Pengantar Kurikulum 2013 dirancang agar peserta didik tidak hanya bertambah pengetahuannya, tetapi juga meningkat keterampilannya dan semakin mulia kepribadiannya. Dengan demikian, ada kesatuan utuh antara kompetensi pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap. Keutuhan ini dicerminkan dalam pendidikan agama dan budi pekerti. Melalui pembelajaran agama diharapkan akan terbentuk keterampilan beragama dan terwujud sikap beragama peserta didik yang berimbang, mencakup hubungan manusia dengan Penciptanya, sesama manusia, dan hubungan manusia dengan alam sekitarnya. -
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika for Strengthening Unity in Diversity)
Opcion, Año 35, Nº Especial 22 (2019):2899-2921 ISSN 1012-1587/ISSNe: 2477-9385 Mapping the Balinese Social Tolerance Model (Bhinneka Tunggal Ika for Strengthening Unity in Diversity) Muhammad Japar, Komarudin, Dini Nur Fadhillah, Syifa Syarifa Pancasila and Civic Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract this article describe about social tolerance in Balinese. Although it consists of a pluralist society, Bali is one example of a symbol of tolerance in Indonesia because of a harmonious communities life. This descriptive method was con- ducted by qualitative approach that aims to describe social tolerance towards the Balinese. The result of this research shows that in Bali, there are traditions that are still obeyed and respected by all religious communities, one of them is Nyepi. Not only Hindus, all societies of Islam, Christianity, Catholicism or Confucianism also obey the rules that apply during Nyepi. Another tradition is ngejot and megibung. In the other hand, Balinese also celebrates social ac- tivities that involve all communities regardless of ethnicity or religion. They maintain the values of tolerance by respecting, caring for and not offending others, especially those related to religion. Keywords : Balinese, Tolerance, Traditions. Muhammad Japar et. al. 2900 Opcion, Año 35, Nº Especial 22 (2019): 2899-2921 Mapeo del Modelo de Tolerancia Social de Bali (Bhin- neka Tunggal Ika para Fortalecer la Unidad en la Di- versidad) Resumen Este artículo describe la tolerancia social en balinés. Aunque consiste en una sociedad pluralista, Bali es un ejemplo de un símbolo de tolerancia en Indonesia debido a una vida armoniosa de las comunidades. -
3.Hindu Websites Sorted Country Wise
Sl. No. Reference Country Broad catergory Website Address Description 1 Afghanistan History http://hindutemples-whthappendtothem.blogspot.com/ Hindu Roots of Afghanistan (Gandhar pradesh) 2 Afghanistan History http://www.afghanhindu.com/history.asp The Hindu Shahi Dynasty (870 C.E. - 1015 C.E.) 3 Afghanistan History http://www.hindunet.org/hindu_history/modern/hindu_ku Hindu Kush sh.html 4 Afghanistan Information http://afghanhindu.wordpress.com/ Afghan Hindus 5 Afghanistan Information http://afghanhindusandsikhs.yuku.com/ Hindus of Afaganistan 6 Afghanistan Information http://www.afghanhindu.com/vedic.asp Afghanistan and It's Vedic Culture 7 Afghanistan Information http://www.afghanhindu.de.vu/ Hindus of Afaganistan 8 Afghanistan Organisation http://www.afghanhindu.info/ Afghan Hindus 9 Afghanistan Organisation http://www.asamai.com/ Afghan Hindu Asociation 10 AAfghanistanfghanistan TemTempleple htthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindup://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_ TemTemplesples_ of_ Kabul Hindu TemTemplesples of Kabul 11 Afghanistan Temples Database http://www.athithy.com/index.php?module=pluspoints&i Hindu Temples of Afaganistan d=851&action=pluspoint&title=Hindu%20Temples%20in %20Afghanistan%20.html 12 Argentina Education http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar/ Gabriel Pradipaka - Sanskrit and Trika Pundit 13 Argentina Festival http://www.indembarg.org.ar/en/ Festival of India in Argentina, 3 - 13 December 2011 14 Argentina Information http://casabhaktivedanta.slide.com/ CASA Bhakti Vedanta 15 Argentina Newsmagazine http://en.hastinapura.org.ar/diario.html -
1.Hindu Websites Sorted Alphabetically
Sl. No. Website Address Broad catergory Description Reference Country 1 http://41.212.34.21/ Organisation The Hindu Council of Kenya (HCK) Kenya 2 http://75.126.84.8/ayurveda/ Ayurveda Jiva Institute India 3 http://aamjanata.com/in-support-of-baba-ramdevs- Yoga In Support of Baba Ramdev’s demands India demands/ 4 http://acharya.iitm.ac.in/sanskrit/tutor.php Sanskrit Education Acharya Learn Sanskrit through self study India 5 http://afemuseums.easia.columbia.edu/cgi- Musuem Hindu & Indian Arts USA bin/museums/search.cgi/topic?topic_id=142 6 http://afghanhindu.wordpress.com/ Information Afghan Hindus Afghanistan 7 http://afghanhindusandsikhs.yuku.com/ Information Hindus of Afaganistan Afghanistan 8 http://allsaivism.tripod.com/ Lord Prayer to Lord Shiva India 9 http://ancientindians.wordpress.com/category/list-of- Scripture List of Samhitas of Shiv Purana India samhitas/ 10 htthttp://ancienttemplesofindia.blogspot.com/p://ancienttemplesofindia.blogspot.com/ TemTempleple Old imimportantportant Siva and Vishnu TemTemples.ples. Siva India Devara Sthalam -Kayaroganar Siva Temple, Nagapattinam 11 http://as.ori.nic.in/neworiweb/ Festival Orissa Festivals India 12 http://asignoret.free.fr/index.html Sanskrit Education Le dictionnaire Français Sanskrit (FRASKT) France d'André Signoret 13 http://askbaba.helloyou.ch/ Organisation Sathya Sai Baba Switzerland 14 http://astrology.atoot.com/ Astrology Atoot Vedic Astrology Delhi India 15 http://astrology-videos.com/ Astrology Astrology Videos India 16 http://astroveda.wikidot.com/ Astrology Jai Ma Bharti -
KOSMOLOGI HINDU Penciptaan, Pemeliharaan, Dan Peleburan Serta Penciptaan Kembali Alam Semesta
KOSMOLOGI HINDU Penciptaan, Pemeliharaan, dan Peleburan Serta Penciptaan Kembali Alam Semesta Penciptaan, Pemeliharaan, dan Peleburan Serta Penciptaan Kembali Alam Semesta Penerbit PÀRAMITA Surabaya 2007 Katalog Dalam Terbitan (KDT) Donder, I Ketut VIRATVIDYÀ KOSMOLOGI HINDU Penciptaan, Pemeliharaan, dan Peleburan Serta Penciptaan Kembali Alam Semesta I Ketut Donder Surabaya: Pàramita, 2007 xxviii + 420 hal ; 145 x 205 mm ISBN 978-979-722-387-8 VIRATVIDYÀ KOSMOLOGI HINDU Penciptaan, Pemeliharaan, dan Peleburan Serta Penciptaan Kembali Alam Semesta Oleh : I Ketut Donder Disain Cover : I Ketut Suardika Penerbit & Percetakan : “PàramitA” Email: [email protected] http://www.paramitapublisher.com Jl. Menanggal III No. 32 Telp. (031) 8295555, 8295500 Surabaya 60234 Fax : (031) 8295555 Pemasaran “PÀRAMITA” Jl. Letda Made Putra 16 Telp. (0361) 226445 Denpasar Fax : (0361) 226445 Cetakan Pertama : Pebruari 2007 ii - KOSMOLOGI HINDU PUJA BHAKTI Oý Guru Brahma Guru Viûóu Guru Devo Maheúvara Guru Saksat Param Brahma Tasmai Úrì Gurave Namaá ‘Ya Tuhan, Segala puja dan puji hamba persembahkan ke hadapan-Mu dalam wujud Guru, baik dalam manifestasi-Mu Sebagai Brahma, Viûóu, dan Úiva, Engkau adalah Kenyataan dan Kebenaran yang melampaui segala- galanya, terpujilah wahai Tuhan dalam manifestasi-Mu sebagai Guru Jagat Raya’ Oý, Tad àtmani nirate ya upanisatsu dharmàs te mayi santu Aum úàntiá úàntiá úàntiá (Kena Upaniûad 3) ‘Ya Tuhan, semoga semua kebenaran yang terdapat dalam kitab Upaniûad hidup dalam diriku dan dapat dipersembahkan kepada àtman, Oý úàntiá úàntiá úàntiá’ KOSMOLOGI HINDU - iii KATA PENGANTAR PENERBIT Penerbit mengucapkan abhivandana kehadapan Hyang Widhi Wasa karena semakin hari semakin banyak para penulis Hindu yang memasukkan karya-karyanya ke meja penerbit. Penerbit sangat berharap semoga karya- karya dari para intelektual tersebut dapat menjadi sarana pencerahan umat Hindu pada khususnya dan juga dapat menjadi alat dalam menyebarkan pengetahuan Hindu. -
Table of Contents (PDF)
Table of Contents Preface. xv Aboakyer Festival . .1 Academy Awards . .3 Advent . .7 Akshaya Tritiya . 12 Akwambo . 16 Al-Hijra . 18 Alasitas Fair . 21 Alaska Day . 24 All Souls’ Day . 26 America’s Cup . 29 Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Feast of the . 33 Anzac Day . 36 Aoi Matsuri . 38 Apache Girls’ Sunrise Ceremony. 41 April Fools’ Day . 45 Arbor Day. 48 Arctic Winter Games. 51 Army-Navy Football Game. 54 Asalha Puja . 57 Ascension Day . 60 Ash Wednesday . 65 Ashura . 67 Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Feast of the . 71 Athabascan Stickdance . 75 Autumn Equinox. 78 Awoojoh. 82 Awuru Odo Festival . 84 Aztec New Fire Ceremony . 86 Basket Dance . 89 Bastille Day . 92 Bayou Classic. 94 Bella Coola (Nuxalk) Midwinter Rites. 96 Beltane . 100 Berber Bride Fair . 103 Blessing of the Waters . 106 v Holiday Symbols and Customs, 5th Edition e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e ee Bodhi Day . 109 Boston Marathon. 111 Bouphonia . 114 Braemar Highland Gathering. 116 British Open . 118 Burial of the Sardine . 121 Burning Man Festival . 123 Burns Night . 126 Candlemas . 129 Cannes Film Festival. 132 Carnival . 134 Chalma Pilgrimage . 139 Chandan Yatra . 142 Chinese New Year . 145 Ching Ming . 151 Christmas . 156 Christmas Eve . 168 Chrysanthemum Festival . 174 Chung Yeung . 177 Chusok . 180 Cinco de Mayo .