DOCSLIB.ORG

Independent Local Radio (ILR) in the West Midlands, 1972-1984: a Comparative Study of BRMB Radio and Beacon Radio

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Independent Local Radio (ILR) in the West Midlands, 1972-1984: a Comparative Study of BRMB Radio and Beacon Radio Independent Local Radio (ILR) in the West Midlands, 1972-1984: a comparative study of BRMB Radio and Beacon Radio. D. P. Allen A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the University‟s requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2011 University of Worcester Abstract Informed by theory and debate associated with the field of media studies, this thesis presents a comparative analysis of two Independent Local Radio (ILR) stations in the West Midlands between 1972 and the mid 1980s: BRMB Radio in Birmingham and Beacon Radio, which served Wolverhampton and the Black Country. It locates the two stations in the context of the development of British broadcasting policy, which had been shaped from the start by the British model of public service broadcasting. ILR was a public radio service which was funded by the sale of advertising time. Similar to commercial radio elsewhere, the survival of BRMB and Beacon Radio depended on the income they could generate, but the commercial imperative was constrained by the legislative and regulatory framework of British public service broadcasting. The thesis argues that the fortunes of the two stations depended largely on the approaches taken by their respective management teams to these conflicting influences. The success or failure of an ILR station, in terms of profit or programming, was shaped by its management team. BRMB Radio was an example of a station with an appropriate balance of experience and expertise. From the beginning it was headed by a managing director with a commercial background and a programme controller who was experienced in regulated public service broadcasting. In contrast, Beacon Radio was a station with the wrong people in charge. Both the managing director and the programme controller were from a commercial broadcasting background, and their approach brought the station into conflict with the Independent Broadcasting Authority, ILR‟s regulator. Almost every aspect of the Beacon operation was designed to make money. The profit motive took precedence over the fulfilment of its public service obligations. Beacon‟s deficiencies in terms of local coverage and its aggressive sales tactics caused some parts of the local community to reject the station, with some calling on the IBA to remove the Beacon licence. Formulating the correct type of programmes and working with the regulator was a necessity. To generate revenue a station needed to sell an audience to advertisers. To build an audience it had to create programming to which listeners could relate. Music policy, the personality of presenters, and predictability of output were specifically relevant to BRMB and Beacon. Above all, each station had to have access to the airwaves, and with the IBA as gatekeeper to the airwaves it had to abide by its rules and regulations, especially those relating to programming and content. This was exemplified by the case of Beacon Radio: it was only after the IBA had refused to renew its licence that Beacon recognised the importance of having programmes which met the prescribed standard of quality and public service, and working with the regulator and not against it. 2 Contents List of Abbreviations Used Acknowledgements Introduction Page 6 Chapter One The Broadcast Media Page 15 Chapter Two The Origins of Independent Local Radio Page 36 Chapter Three The Independent Broadcasting Authority and the Development and Regulation of Independent Local Radio in the 1980s Page 59 Chapter Four BRMB Radio and Beacon Radio 1972-1979 Page 90 Chapter Five BRMB Radio and Beacon Radio 1980-1984 Programming and Community Provision Page 126 Chapter Six 1980-1985 Business Operations and the Changing Nature of West Midlands ILR Page 162 Conclusion Page 189 Appendices Page 201 Bibliography Page 239 3 List of Abbreviations Used AIRC Association of Independent Radio Contractors ATV Associated Television BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BPM Birmingham Post and Mail Group CBSO City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra EMAP East Midlands Allied Press FCC Federal Communications Commission FRC Federal Radio Commission HTV Harlech Television IBA Independent Broadcasting Authority IBC International Broadcasting Company IEA Institute of Economic Affairs ILR Independent Local Radio IPA Institute of Practitioners in Advertising IRN Independent Radio News ISBC Incorporated Society of British Advertisers ITA Independent Television Authority ITC Independent Television Commission ITV Independent Television JICRAR Joint Industry Committee for Radio Audience Research LAC IBA Local Advisory Committee LBC London Broadcasting Company MNA Midlands News Association MRH Midland Radio Holdings MRS Midland Radio Sales NDBC National Broadcasting Development Committee PPL Phonographic Performance Limited PRS Performing Rights Society RMB Radio Marketing Bureau TSA Total Service Area UBN United Biscuits Network VHF Very High Frequency 4 Acknowledgements I would like to thank a number of people and organisations for their help during the preparation of this thesis. First, many thanks to my supervisory team, Dr. Darren Oldridge, my final Director of Studies, and Drs. Dil Porter and Ben Calvert; with special thanks to Darren and Dil who were a tremendous help during the final writing up stages. Special mention must also be given to Dr. Ronnie Kowalski who sadly passed away during the completion of the thesis. As my former Director of Studies, Ronnie was a huge inspiration and made great effort in keeping me focused on the job in hand. Thanks, too, to a number of organisations. The archives at the British Film Institute and Ofcom each provided great assistance, as did the British Library - both at St. Pancras and the newspaper library at Colindale - and the library at the London School of Economics. The archives at Birmingham Central Library and the Wolverhampton Local History Centre should also receive mention, as should all the staff at the Peirson Library at the University of Worcester. Finally, thanks also go to the university‟s Graduate Research School who were a tremendous help in keeping me up to date with the bureaucracy involved. 5 Introduction This thesis seeks to provide a history of Independent Local Radio (ILR) in Britain from 1972 to 1985. Two ILR stations based in the West Midlands, BRMB Radio (Birmingham) and Beacon Radio (Wolverhampton) lie at the heart of this study, and their operations are analysed in some depth. The fortunes of these stations illustrate the larger history of ILR. The thesis will engage with two major themes. The first theme is how these stations addressed the conflicting imperatives that confronted ILR. As a network of limited companies charged with providing a commercially viable community-based radio service, ILR was expected to make money while also fulfilling a public service remit. The thesis will explore the ways in which the stations dealt with the tensions arising from these two imperatives. It will show that each station developed its own model, and these models exemplified the different approaches available to ILR stations nationally. Secondly, the thesis will examine how the choice of management teams for the respective stations was a critical factor in determining success or failure. In particular, as we shall see, this affected not only the way in which each station addressed ILR‟s regulatory remit, but also its relationship with the regulator, the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA). Independent Local Radio in Britain after 1972 ILR, Britain‟s first official commercial radio service, was sanctioned by the Sound Broadcasting Act of 1972. This reversed the position taken by parliamentary inquiries in the 1950s and 1960s - notably those undertaken by Beveridge (1949-51) and Pilkington (1960-2) – which had rejected the notion of commercially funded radio. Thus, before 1972, where it existed, it operated offshore. The new service was very similar in some respects to its television counterpart, Independent Television (ITV), which had been established in 1955. Whilst the Conservative government of the time unquestionably wanted an alternative to BBC television, ITV represented a compromise between two schools of thought. On the one hand, there were those committed to the idea of public service broadcasting (PSB) funded and regulated on the same lines as the BBC; on the other, there were those who argued for a purely commercial alternative where programmes would be funded by revenue from advertising. The result was a commercial television service, funded by advertising but heavily regulated by the Independent Television Authority (ITA - renamed Independent 6 Broadcasting Authority in 1972 to accommodate responsibility for ILR). When ILR finally arrived in the 1970s it was subject to similar constraints. As was the case with ITV, the PSB ethic was used to check rampant commercialism. As well as providing entertainment with which to attract and retain audiences, stations were required to educate and inform. The major difference was that, whereas ITV was essentially a network of regional franchises, each ILR station was to be firmly entrenched within its local community. These and other issues created major difficulties for ILR stations over the years that followed. Alongside the PSB and community remit were financial constraints such as station rental and the requirement to build studios to the IBA‟s exacting standards. Another problem was the fact that ILR was seeking to establish itself in the difficult economic climate of the 1970s with inflation running at high levels after
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Connecting with Listeners: How Radio Stations Are Reaching Beyond the Dial (And Their Competitors) to Connect with Their Audience
    Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses 8-13-2015 (Re)Connecting With Listeners: How Radio Stations are Reaching Beyond the Dial (and Their Competitors) to Connect With Their Audience Alyxandra Sherwood Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses Recommended Citation Sherwood, Alyxandra, "(Re)Connecting With Listeners: How Radio Stations are Reaching Beyond the Dial (and Their Competitors) to Connect With Their Audience" (2015). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running head: (RE)CONNECTING WITH LISTENERS 1 The Rochester Institute of Technology School of Communication College of Liberal Arts (Re)Connecting With Listeners: How Radio Stations are Reaching Beyond the Dial (and Their Competitors) to Connect With Their Audience by Alyxandra Sherwood A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Master of Science degree in Communication & Media Technologies Degree Awarded: August 13, 2015 (RE)CONNECTING WITH LISTENERS 2 The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Alyxandra Sherwood presented on August 13, 2015. ___________________________________ Patrick Scanlon, Ph.D. Professor of Communication and Director School of Communication ___________________________________ Rudy Pugliese, Ph.D. Professor of Communication School of Communication Thesis Advisor ___________________________________ Michael J. Saffran, M.S. Lecturer and Faculty Director for WGSU-FM (89.3) Department of Communication State University of New York at Geneseo Thesis Advisor ___________________________________ Grant Cos, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Communication Director, Communication & Media Technologies Graduate Degree Program School of Communication (RE)CONNECTING WITH LISTENERS 3 Dedication The author wishes to thank Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of Proceedings of House of Keys
    REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS OF HOUSE OF KEYS Douglas, Tuesday, March '7, 1967 Present: The Speaker (Mr H. C. as the hon. member for Peel. When Kerruish, C.R), Messrs R. J. G. this House erected him to the Anderson, H. D. C. MacLeod, E, N. Legislative Council it was in every way Crowe, R. F. S. KerrUish, P. Radcliffe, an admirable choice. Mr Gale took his Miss J. C. C. Thornton-Duesbery, full share of all the responsible admini- Messrs P. A. S.pittall, W. E. Quayle, strative work which falls on the T. C. Faragher, A. H. Simcocks, G. T. shoulders of members of Tynwald, and Crellin, C. L. P. Vereker, J. A. Moore, at all times maintained that sunny and T. A. Corkish, E. C. Irving, C. E. Burke, cheerful disposition which we all G. V. H. Kneele, G. A. Devereau, R. MacDonald, A. S. Kelly, Sir Henry remember so well. A man of his Sugden, K.B.E., C.B., D.S.O., with Mr temperament is invaluable to any T. E. Kerineen, Secretary to the House. legislative assembly, and those of us who worked with him found that our tasks, however onerous, were lightened by his good natured participation in RETURN OF THE SECRETARY debate and deliberation. To his family we offer our sincere sympathy which AFTER mraNEss we hope to show by our attendance at The Speaker: Hon. members, I am his funeral this afternoon. Members sure I express this morning the pleasure will be aware that I propose to adjourn we all feel at seeing our secretary back the House at 12.15 to enable members in his accustomed place.
    [Show full text]
  • CQ January 1964.Pdf
    This sign tells you you're de.rling u'ith l relirble. conscientiousbr.rsinessmen. har.rcl-pickccl as the finest in the land. it aiso tells you you're buying the linest amateur equipment aveilable. DEPEND ON IT ALABAMA tLLTNOtS NORTH CAROLINA - - FreckRadio & S!ppLyco Inc Birmingham- AckRadlo SUPPIY Co Chicago AmateurElectronic S!pply Ashevrlle - Wholesalers,lnc. HuntsviLle- ELecironlcwholesalers, Inc NewarkElectronics corporation WinstonSalem Electronic - N4obile- SpecialtyDistributing Co. Peorla KLausRadio & ElectricCompany oHlo Co. ALASKA INDIANA C eveland PloneerE eclronicSupply Fortl!ayne - BrownElectronics, Inc. Col!mbus UniversslServtce Anchorage- Y!kon RadioSupply, lnc lndianapolis- GtahamE ectronicsSulJply, Inc. Dayton- C!stomE ectroics lnc. -oledo pLI,or ARIZONA SouthBend - RadioDislributing co, lnc S" ( S-ppres In(. Phoerr^- So-tr*es'F lectrolic Devices towA OKLAHOMA T!cson- El iott Electronlcs,lnc CouncilBl!ffs - WorldRadlo Laboratorles, inc T! sa - Radrolnc - ARKANSAS Desllloines RadioTrade Supply C0 OREGON DeWitt- l\.4oory'sWholesale Radio Co. LOUISIANA Portlaid- Portand Radro S!PP Y Co. New0r eans- RadioParts. inc CALIFORNIA PENNSYLVANIA MARYLAND - Pa. Anah€im- HenryRadro, lnc. Ph ad€ipha Radiotlectr c SerliceCo. of Wheaton LjncleGeJrge s Redo HamS:a.k B!rllngame- AmradElectronlcs P ltsbr'gh CameradioComPanY D vLston.Eectron cs 0 strb!tofs n: ' LcngBeach - ScottRadlo SuPP Y, In.. Wyncot€ Ham B!ergef I os Argr,rs- HPnrYRadio Co. llc MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND i.r Rado Pfod!ctsSales, Inc. Boslon- DefilambroRadro Supp y Ln. ,l Pfovience W. H. EdwardsComPanY ll - ElmarE ectronics RadioShack CorP. oakland SOUTH DAKOTA I Rl!erside- MissionNam SuPP ies ReadinE- GrahamRadro 1nc :{ tlatertown BurghardtRadio S!pply SanD ego- westernRadio & TV SlpplyCo MICHIGAN Sar I a-.
    [Show full text]
  • Signal Issue 37
    Signal Issue 37 Tricks of the Trade Dave Porter G4OYX and Alan Beech G1BXG By 25th September 1965, Radio 390 was on the air and 31st December 2015 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the start of the offshore station Radio Scotland. The only remaining station to launch with RCA 10 kW Ampliphase transmitters was Radio 270 from 4th June 1966, on-air some three months later than originally planned. Member’s contribution understood that, whilst CE was used to these T-K arrangements, mainly for Government contracts, the need After reading the last three ToTT, VMARS Member Tony to effect a quick turn-around with minimal delays was not Rock G3KTR/AD1X contacted the author (DP) with the quite their norm. With time slipping by, the decision was following information on the 1965 build of Radio Scotland. made to leave the USA without the systems being totally commissioned and to complete en-route. Also, during this Tony writes; I read with interest the article you and Alan trip, it was discovered that one of the planned operating put together on Ampliphase transmitters. In the mid-1960s frequencies, namely 650 kHz, was actually occupied in the I was working out of the RCA Broadcast & UK by a certain high-power station on 647 kHz, the Communications Division at Sunbury-on-Thames. At this 150 kW BBC Third Programme. It was understood that an time RCA had sold several transmitters to offshore ‘pirate’ early ‘recce’ by the Americans to the UK to check for ‘spare radio stations. While Marconi and other European channels’ resulted in a monitoring time when the Third companies could be subjected to sanctions by the Programme was not scheduled on air.
    [Show full text]
  • The Regulation of Commercial Radio Broadcasting in the United Kingdom
    NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW Volume 14 Number 2 Article 5 Spring 1989 The Regulation of Commercial Radio Broadcasting in the United Kingdom Timothy H. Jones Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj Part of the Commercial Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Timothy H. Jones, The Regulation of Commercial Radio Broadcasting in the United Kingdom, 14 N.C. J. INT'L L. 255 (1989). Available at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj/vol14/iss2/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Regulation of Commercial Radio Broadcasting in the United Kingdom Timothy H. Jones* The regulation of commercial radio broadcasting in the United Kingdom is about to enter a period of rapid change. The Govern- ment is committed to increasing the number of commercial radio sta- tions and to a measure of deregulation. Legislation to effect these changes is expected in the near future. Up to the present time, an independent agency, the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA or Authority), has strictly regulated commercial radio broadcasting.' Commercial radio services have been restricted to those of a "local" character.2 This regulation of Independent Local Radio (ILR) is generally regarded to have been a failure, and the IBA's effectiveness as a regulatory agency has been called into question on numerous occasions.
    [Show full text]
  • Hans Knot International Radio Report July/August 2017
    Hans Knot International Radio Report July/August 2017 Welcome to another issue of the International Radio Report and like every summer it will be one for the month of July and August. Thanks for the many response on last issue as well as memories and photos have been sent in for this and further issues. Enjoy the report! Sadly we have to start with bad news. May the 30th the following sad news came in from Mark Sloane (Pat Hammerton) ‘Sorry to report Hans my dear chum David Gilbee, Dave Mackay, died this weekend. He and I met on Radio 390 and worked together on 355. He was also my brother in law, marrying my sister Lis.’ Dave MacKay Radio 355 Photo: collection Pirate Hall of Fame I’m very sorry to hear this sad news Pat. Of course you know him far much better than I do. I met him on a handful of occasions and was in contact with him by e-mail through the years. Of course he was on special Radio Reunions a few times in England where we met during the last 20 years. But our very first meeting was one, were we sometimes talked about. It was a very special day just after the official opening of Melody Radio in London. I was there for a special for our magazine and he told me all about the station, the style of presentation but above all how much of the music was transferred to a machine which was just put into the market. It was Dave who brought me to the idea to do the same with my vinyl collection.
    [Show full text]
  • Zuckerberg Inks Video Calls Deal with Skype
    BUSINESS WITH PERSONALITY HAVE AN ALE ZUCKERBERG INKS VIDEO OF A TIME CALLS DEAL WITH SKYPE ARTISAN BEER COMES TO THE A FIRST FOR FACEBOOK PAGE 3 CITY PAGE 22 Issue 1,419 Thursday 7 July 2011 www.cityam.com FREE Chancellor NEWS CORP FEARS on hacking target list ▲ MEDIA DELAY TO SKY BID BY STEVE DINNEEN CHANCELLOR George Osborne yester- ▲ MEDIA ANALYSIS l British Sky Broadcasting Group PLC day joined the unenviable roll-call of BY STEVE DINNEEN p 827.00 people targeted by News of the World 850 6 Jul phone hackers. NEWS Corp bosses yesterday feared 845 Police visited Osborne last night to they may be forced to delay the firm’s 840 tell him that his personal details multi billion pound bid for BSkyB, as 835 appeared on notes kept by convicted the toxic political and commercial fall- 830 criminal Glenn Mulcaire and shamed out of the phone hacking scandal con- 825 former News of the World royal editor tinued to gather pace. 820 Clive Goodman. Bankers close to the deal told City It is not clear if Osborne’s name 30 Jun 1 Jul 4 Jul 5 Jul 6 Jul A.M. that negotiations have ground to and number were added to the list a halt while both sides consider the before or after he became chancellor. effects the ongoing scandal could have ANALYSIS l News Corp A spokesman for the Osborne said: on the proposed takeover. Even if the $ 17.94 “George was very grateful to the 6 Jul bid is waved through by the govern- 18.50 police.
    [Show full text]
  • Freewave Niet Toegestaan
    COLOFON VOORWOORD Exploitatie: Stichting Media Communicatie Beste lezers, Hoofdredacteur: Hans Knot In dit augustusnummer zullen de Radio Noord- Lay Out: Jan van Heeren zee-fans zeker aan hun trekken komen. In maar Druk: EPC liefst 3 artikelen wordt de kleurige zeezender belicht: in een artikel over Karel Prior, in een inter- Vaste Medewerkers: view met Hans Hogendoorn en Pieter Damave en Walter du Bateau, Michel van Hooff (Neder- tenslotte in de herinneringen van Marc van Amstel. land); Rene Burcksen, Jan Hendrik Kruidenier Verder gaat de nieuwe serie ‘Muziek- en media- (VS); Jelle Knot (Internationaal); Eric Wiltshire memories’ van start: Bert Bossink en Hans Knot (Satelliet); Ingo Paternoster (Duitsland); Gijs van wisselen herinneringen aan een bepaald jaar uit. der Heuvel (Caribisch Gebied); Howard Rose Met het jaar 1959 wordt het spits afgebeten. Ook (England); Etienne Kerremans (België) nieuw is de rubriek satellietnieuws. We verwel- komen Bert Jan Brinkman, die voortaan regelma- Verantwoordelijke Uitgever tig een bijdrage zal leveren voor deze rubriek. Stichting Media Communicatie Rob Olthof maakt in zijn artikel o.a. duidelijk dat Postbus 53121 het met de orkesten in Nederland slecht is ge- 1007 RC Amsterdam steld. Ook aandacht voor de eerste Engelstalige zender op de Noordzee: CNBC. Bijna vergeten, Correspondentieadres: maar gelukkig nog in het geheugen van de be- Hans Knot, Postbus 102, 9700 AC Groningen trokken deejay’s. Radio 270 was net als CNBC geen lang leven beschoren. Toch leverde de ge- Lidmaatschap: schiedenis van dit station genoeg stof op tot het Nederland: Euro 23,- schrijven van een nieuw boek, dat door Hans Europa: Euro 28,- Knot onder de loep wordt genomen.
    [Show full text]
  • Monday 9Th March 2020 at 6.30Pm at Halesowen College, Whittingham Road, Halesowen, B63 3NA
    Monday 9th March 2020 at 6.30pm at Halesowen College, Whittingham Road, Halesowen, B63 3NA 1. Welcome, introductions, apologies and declarations of interest 2. Police and communities together – discussion on local policing and related issues 3. Listening to you – news from local community groups; ideas and questions from local people 4. Working with you – information and feedback from local Councillors 5. Community forum funding – Councillors to make recommendations on report attached 6. Date of next meeting – to be confirmed Action notes from previous meetings can be viewed on the Council’s website www.dudley.gov.uk If you or anyone you know is attending the meeting and requires assistance to access the venue/facilities, please let us know in advance using the contact details below and we will do our best to help you. Agenda Item No. 5 Belle Vale and Hayley Green & Cradley South Community Forum – Monday 9th March 2020 Report of the Director of Public Health and Wellbeing Community Forum Funding Purpose 1. To consider the allocation of expenditure from the community forum funding budget for the 2019/20 municipal year. Recommendations 2. It is recommended that the forum considers the application referred to in the report and makes an appropriate recommendation to the Director of Public Health and Wellbeing. Background 3. The ten community forums are responsible for allocating expenditure from the delegated community forum funding budget. The Cabinet, in March 2018, approved a new set of criteria to replace the previous guidelines against which allocations from the delegated budget should be considered, and these are attached.
    [Show full text]
  • Doing Business in the Isle of Man
    DOING BUSINESS IN THE ISLE OF MAN CONTENTS 1 – Introduction 3 2 – Business environment 4 3 – Foreign Investment 7 4 – Setting up a Business 8 5 – Labour 13 6 – Taxation 16 7 – Accounting & reporting 21 8 – UHY Representation in the Isle of Man 23 DOING BUSINESS IN THE ISLE OF MAN 3 1 – INTRODUCTION UHY is an international organisation providing accountancy, business management and consultancy services through financial business centres in over 100 countries throughout the world. Member firms work together through the network to conduct transnational operations for clients as well as offering specialist knowledge and experience within their own national borders. Global specialists in various industry and market sectors are also available for consultation. This detailed report providing key issues and information for users considering business operations in the Isle of Man has been provided by the office of UHY representatives: UHY CROSSLEYS LLC PO Box 1 Portland House Station Road Ballasalla Isle of Man, IM99 6AB British Isles Phone +44 (0) 1624 822816 Website www.crossleys.com Email [email protected] You are welcome to contact Andrew Pennington ([email protected]) or Nigel Rotheroe ([email protected]) for any enquiries you may have. Information in the following pages has been updated so that it is effective at the date shown, but inevitably it is both general and subject to change and should be used for guidance only. For specific matters, users are strongly advised to obtain further information and take professional advice before making any decisions. This publication is current at August 2021. We look forward to helping you do business in the Isle of Man.
    [Show full text]
  • Pocketbook for You, in Any Print Style: Including Updated and Filtered Data, However You Want It
    Hello Since 1994, Media UK - www.mediauk.com - has contained a full media directory. We now contain media news from over 50 sources, RAJAR and playlist information, the industry's widest selection of radio jobs, and much more - and it's all free. From our directory, we're proud to be able to produce a new edition of the Radio Pocket Book. We've based this on the Radio Authority version that was available when we launched 17 years ago. We hope you find it useful. Enjoy this return of an old favourite: and set mediauk.com on your browser favourites list. James Cridland Managing Director Media UK First published in Great Britain in September 2011 Copyright © 1994-2011 Not At All Bad Ltd. All Rights Reserved. mediauk.com/terms This edition produced October 18, 2011 Set in Book Antiqua Printed on dead trees Published by Not At All Bad Ltd (t/a Media UK) Registered in England, No 6312072 Registered Office (not for correspondence): 96a Curtain Road, London EC2A 3AA 020 7100 1811 [email protected] @mediauk www.mediauk.com Foreword In 1975, when I was 13, I wrote to the IBA to ask for a copy of their latest publication grandly titled Transmitting stations: a Pocket Guide. The year before I had listened with excitement to the launch of our local commercial station, Liverpool's Radio City, and wanted to find out what other stations I might be able to pick up. In those days the Guide covered TV as well as radio, which could only manage to fill two pages – but then there were only 19 “ILR” stations.
    [Show full text]
  • “Talkin' 'Bout My Generation”: Radio Caroline and Cultural Hegemony
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sussex Research Online Financial control, blame avoidance and Radio Caroline: Talkin’ ‘bout my generation Article (Accepted Version) Miley, Frances M and Read, Andrew F (2017) Financial control, blame avoidance and Radio Caroline: Talkin’ ‘bout my generation. Accounting History, 22 (3). pp. 301-319. ISSN 1032-3732 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/67723/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way.
    [Show full text]