Oliver Cromwell: King in All but Name
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
War of Roses: a House Divided
Stanford Model United Nations Conference 2014 War of Roses: A House Divided Chairs: Teo Lamiot, Gabrielle Rhoades Assistant Chair: Alyssa Liew Crisis Director: Sofia Filippa Table of Contents Letters from the Chairs………………………………………………………………… 2 Letter from the Crisis Director………………………………………………………… 4 Introduction to the Committee…………………………………………………………. 5 History and Context……………………………………………………………………. 5 Characters……………………………………………………………………………….. 7 Topics on General Conference Agenda…………………………………..……………. 9 Family Tree ………………………………………………………………..……………. 12 Special Committee Rules……………………………………………………………….. 13 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………. 14 Letters from the Chairs Dear Delegates, My name is Gabrielle Rhoades, and it is my distinct pleasure to welcome you to the Stanford Model United Nations Conference (SMUNC) 2014 as members of the The Wars of the Roses: A House Divided Joint Crisis Committee! As your Wars of the Roses chairs, Teo Lamiot and I have been working hard with our crisis director, Sofia Filippa, and SMUNC Secretariat members to make this conference the best yet. If you have attended SMUNC before, I promise that this year will be even more full of surprise and intrigue than your last conference; if you are a newcomer, let me warn you of how intensely fun and challenging this conference will assuredly be. Regardless of how you arrive, you will all leave better delegates and hopefully with a reinvigorated love for Model UN. My own love for Model United Nations began when I co-chaired a committee for SMUNC (The Arab Spring), which was one of my very first experiences as a member of the Society for International Affairs at Stanford (the umbrella organization for the MUN team), and I thoroughly enjoyed it. Later that year, I joined the intercollegiate Model United Nations team. -
HISTORY MEDIUM TERM PLAN (MTP) YEAR 4 2020: Taught 1St Half of Each Term HISTORY MTP Y4 Autumn 1: 8 WEEKS Spring 1: 6 WEEKS Su
HISTORY MEDIUM TERM PLAN (MTP) YEAR 4 2020: Taught 1st half of each term HISTORY Autumn 1: 8 WEEKS Spring 1: 6 WEEKS Summer 1: 6 WEEKS MTP Y4 Topic Title: Anglo-Saxons / Scots Topic Title: Vikings Topic Title: UK Parliament Taken from the Year Key knowledge: Key knowledge: Key knowledge: group • Roman withdrawal from Britain in CE • Viking raids and the resistance of Alfred the Great and • Establishment of the parliament - division of the curriculum 410 and the fall of the western Roman Athelstan. Houses of Lords and Commons. map Empire. • Edward the Confessor and his death in 1066 - prelude to • Scots invasions from Ireland to north the Battle of Hastings. Key Skills: Britain (now Scotland). • Anglo-Saxons invasions, settlements and Key Skills: kingdoms; place names and village life • Choose reliable sources of information to find out culture and Christianity (eg. Canterbury, about the past. Iona, and Lindisfarne) • Choose reliable sources of information to find out about • Give own reasons why changes may have occurred, the past. backed up by evidence. • Give own reasons why changes may have occurred, • Describe similarities and differences between people, Key Skills: backed up by evidence. events and artefacts. • Describe similarities and differences between people, • Describe how historical events affect/influence life • Choose reliable sources of information events and artefacts. today. to find out about the past. • Describe how historical events affect/influence life today. Chronological understanding • Give own reasons why changes may Chronological understanding • Understand that a timeline can be divided into BCE have occurred, backed up by evidence. • Understand that a timeline can be divided into BCE and and CE. -
Paper 2: Power: Monarchy and Democracy in Britain C1000-2014
Paper 2: Power: Monarchy and democracy in Britain c1000-2014. 1. Describe the Anglo-Saxon system of government. [4] • Witan –The relatives of the King, the important nobles (Earls) and churchmen (Bishops) made up the Kings council which was known as the WITAN. These men led the armies and ruled the shires on behalf of the king. In return, they received wealth, status and land. • At local level the lesser nobles (THEGNS) carried out the roles of bailiffs and estate management. Each shire was divided into HUNDREDS. These districts had their own law courts and army. • The Church handled many administrative roles for the King because many churchmen could read and write. The Church taught the ordinary people about why they should support the king and influence his reputation. They also wrote down the history of the period. 2. Explain why the Church was important in Anglo-Saxon England. [8] • The church was flourishing in Aethelred’s time (c.1000). Kings and noblemen gave the church gifts of land and money. The great MINSTERS were in Rochester, York, London, Canterbury and Winchester. These Churches were built with donations by the King. • Nobles provided money for churches to be built on their land as a great show of status and power. This reminded the local population of who was in charge. It hosted community events as well as religious services, and new laws or taxes would be announced there. Building a church was the first step in building a community in the area. • As churchmen were literate some of the great works of learning, art and culture. -
What Kind of Ruler Was Oliver Cromwell? > Key People & Events
Civil War > What kind of ruler was Oliver Cromwell? > Key people & events What kind of ruler was Oliver Cromwell? Key people & events Key dates December 1653 Cromwell became Lord Protector. He ruled with the Council of State, advisers chosen by him. September 1654 Cromwell’s first Parliament met. MPs were forced to swear loyalty to him or resign. At the same time Cromwell made great efforts to achieve what he called ‘healing and settlement’. This meant fair and efficient government for all. November 1654 Cromwell introduced excise (a tax on all goods bought and sold). This was not approved by Parliament. January 1655 Cromwell dismissed his first Parliament and ruled without Parliament. August 1655 Cromwell put Britain under military rule. He appointed eleven Major Generals to rule the country. This approach was unsuccessful and unpopular. September 1656 The Second Protectorate Parliament met, but only after 100 MPs opposed to Cromwell were banned. January 1657 Cromwell agreed to end the system of Major Generals. March 1657 MPs came up with a new system for government in the ‘Humble Petition and Advice’. Many MPs, and Cromwell’s supporters, urged him to make himself king. Cromwell refused the crown, but was confirmed as Lord Protector. February 1658 Cromwell dismissed Parliament after more disputes with MPs. September 1658 Cromwell died. His son Richard became Lord Protector, but was forced to retire in May 1659. 1660 No acceptable person could be found to take over as Lord Protector. Parliament invited Charles II (son of Charles I) back to restore the monarchy. This is known as ‘The Restoration’. -
Why Did Britain Become a Republic? > New Government
Civil War > Why did Britain become a republic? > New government Why did Britain become a republic? Case study 2: New government Even today many people are not aware that Britain was ever a republic. After Charles I was put to death in 1649, a monarch no longer led the country. Instead people dreamed up ideas and made plans for a different form of government. Find out more from these documents about what happened next. Report on the An account of the Poem on the arrest of setting up of the new situation in Levellers, 1649 Commonwealth England, 1649 Portrait & symbols of Cromwell at the The setting up of Cromwell & the Battle of the Instrument Commonwealth Worcester, 1651 of Government http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/ Page 1 Civil War > Why did Britain become a republic? > New government Case study 2: New government - Source 1 A report on the arrest of some Levellers, 29 March 1649 (Catalogue ref: SP 25/62, pp.134-5) What is this source? This is a report from a committee of MPs to Parliament. It explains their actions against the leaders of the Levellers. One of the men they arrested was John Lilburne, a key figure in the Leveller movement. What’s the background to this source? Before the war of the 1640s it was difficult and dangerous to come up with new ideas and try to publish them. However, during the Civil War censorship was not strongly enforced. Many political groups emerged with new ideas at this time. One of the most radical (extreme) groups was the Levellers. -
1 Law and the Construction of Policy. a Comparative Analysis Edward C
Law and the Construction of Policy. A Comparative Analysis Edward C Page Department of Government, London School of Economics and Political Science Paper prepared for the Annual Conference of the Political Studies Association, Brighton, Session 6 Executive Politics, Bureaucracy and Legislation Tuesday 22 March 15:30-17:00 . DRAFT. Abstract Like many other things, statutes are shaped by their environments. It is possible to show that a range of constitutional and institutional constraints produce characteristics shared by much legislation in one jurisdiction that distinguish it from much legislation in others. These characteristics include features such as the specificity of the language in which laws are written, how statutes delegate powers, the use of symbolism in legislation and the degree to which policy is developed in a cumulative manner. These features are not matters of “culture” or “style” but rather result from a) the role of statute in the wider legal-administrative system and b) the mode of production of legislation. This argument is developed on the basis of an analysis of 1,150 laws passed in 2014 in Germany, France, the UK, Sweden and the USA. Legislation is arguably the most powerful instrument of government (see Hood 1983). It is the expression of government authority backed up by the state's "monopoly of legitimate force" (Weber 1983). Yet apart from their authoritativeness there is rather little that can be said about the characteristics of laws as tools of government. In fact, each law is unique in what precisely it permits, mandates, authorises and prohibits, and to what ends. In this paper I explore a way of looking at legislation in between these two levels of abstraction: on the one hand law as supreme instrument and on the other laws as the idiosyncratic content of any individual piece of legislation. -
Cromwelliana 2012
CROMWELLIANA 2012 Series III No 1 Editor: Dr Maxine Forshaw CONTENTS Editor’s Note 2 Cromwell Day 2011: Oliver Cromwell – A Scottish Perspective 3 By Dr Laura A M Stewart Farmer Oliver? The Cultivation of Cromwell’s Image During 18 the Protectorate By Dr Patrick Little Oliver Cromwell and the Underground Opposition to Bishop 32 Wren of Ely By Dr Andrew Barclay From Civilian to Soldier: Recalling Cromwell in Cambridge, 44 1642 By Dr Sue L Sadler ‘Dear Robin’: The Correspondence of Oliver Cromwell and 61 Robert Hammond By Dr Miranda Malins Mrs S C Lomas: Cromwellian Editor 79 By Dr David L Smith Cromwellian Britain XXIV : Frome, Somerset 95 By Jane A Mills Book Reviews 104 By Dr Patrick Little and Prof Ivan Roots Bibliography of Books 110 By Dr Patrick Little Bibliography of Journals 111 By Prof Peter Gaunt ISBN 0-905729-24-2 EDITOR’S NOTE 2011 was the 360th anniversary of the Battle of Worcester and was marked by Laura Stewart’s address to the Association on Cromwell Day with her paper on ‘Oliver Cromwell: a Scottish Perspective’. ‘Risen from Obscurity – Cromwell’s Early Life’ was the subject of the study day in Huntingdon in October 2011 and three papers connected with the day are included here. Reflecting this subject, the cover illustration is the picture ‘Cromwell on his Farm’ by Ford Madox Brown (1821–1893), painted in 1874, and reproduced here courtesy of National Museums Liverpool. The painting can be found in the Lady Lever Art Gallery in Port Sunlight Village, Wirral, Cheshire. In this edition of Cromwelliana, it should be noted that the bibliography of journal articles covers the period spring 2009 to spring 2012, addressing gaps in the past couple of years. -
Remembering King Charles I: History, Art and Polemics from the Restoration to the Reform Act T
REMEMBERING KING CHARLES I: HISTORY, ART AND POLEMICS FROM THE RESTORATION TO THE REFORM ACT T. J. Allen Abstract: The term Restoration can be used simply to refer to the restored monarchy under Charles II, following the Commonwealth period. But it can also be applied to a broader programme of restoring the crown’s traditional prerogatives and rehabilitating the reign of the king’s father, Charles I. Examples of this can be seen in the placement of an equestrian statue of Charles I at Charing Cross and a related poem by Edmund Waller. But these works form elements in a process that continued for 200 years in which the memory of Charles I fused with contemporary constitutional debates. The equestrian statue of Charles I at Charing Cross, produced by the French sculptor Hubert Le Sueur c1633 and erected in 1675. Photograph: T. J. Allen At the southern end of Trafalgar Square, looking towards Whitehall, stands an equestrian statue of Charles I. This is set on a pedestal whose design has been attributed to Sir Christopher Wren and was carved by Joshua Marshall, Master Mason to Charles II. The bronze figure was originally commissioned by Richard Weston (First Earl of Portland, the king’s Lord High Treasurer) and was produced by the French sculptor Hubert Le Sueur in the early 1630s. It originally stood in 46 VIDES 2014 the grounds of Weston’s house in Surrey, but as a consequence of the Civil War was later confiscated and then hidden. The statue’s existence again came to official attention following the Restoration, when it was acquired by the crown, and in 1675 placed in its current location. -
Evolution and Gestalt of the State in the United Kingdom
Martin Loughlin Evolution and Gestalt of the state in the United Kingdom Book section (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Originally published in: Cassese, Sabino, von Bogdandy, Armin and Huber, Peter, (eds.) The Max Planck Handbooks in European Public Law: The Administrative State. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2017 © 2017 Oxford University Press This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/81516/ Available in LSE Research Online: June 2017 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s submitted version of the book section. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Ius Publicum Europaeum: The Max Planck Handbook of European Public Law Vol. I: Public Law and Public Authority § 15: United Kingdom Martin Loughlin Outline 1. INTRODUCTION 2. STATE 2.1. Introduction 2.2. State formation 2.3. The Crown, the Government and the Body Politic 2.4. Crown Prerogatives 3. -
OLIVER CROMWELL: CHANGE and CONTINUITY a Master's Thesis Presented to the School of Graduate Studies Department Ofhistory Indian
OLIVER CROMWELL: CHANGE AND CONTINUITY A Master's Thesis Presented to The School of Graduate Studies Department ofHistory Indiana State University Terre Haute, Indiana In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Arts Degree by Kari L. Ellis May2002 INDIANA STATE UM!VERSITY UBRARY ll APPROVAL SHEET The thesis ofKari L. Ellis, Contribution to the School of Graduate Studies, Indiana State University, Series I, Number 2166, under the title Oliver Cromwell: Change and Continuity is approved as partial fulfillment of the Master of Arts Degree in the amount of six semester hours of graduate credit. Committee Chairperson r 111 ABSTRACT This study looks at the life of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector ofEngland, in an effort to clarify the diverse and conflicting interpretations resulting from a lack of agreement between those who are biased for and against the Lord Protector. The purpose of the study of this conflicting information is not to settle whether Cromwell was a good figure or bad, but to define more clearly his time. Cromwell, clarified, creates a broader understanding of the seventeenth century Englishman. An introduction develops a brief summarization of Pre-Reformation Europe, the forces which brought changes, Reformation Europe and the Post-Reformation era in which Cromwell lived. The non-Cromwellian periods were included to develop a broader picture for the reader of the atmosphere into which Cromwell emerged. The study concentrates on six key points of conflict within the lifetime of Cromwell and discussion ofthose conflicts through use of periods or roles within his life. Cromwell's changeable nature does not lend itselfto a static, one-dimensional interpretation, but rather to one that attempts to incorporate the normal fluctuations of human nature and the continuity of change. -
History Term 4
History: Why were Kings back in Fashion by 1660? Year 7 Term 4 Timeline Key Terms Key Questions 1625 Charles I becomes King of England. Civil War A war between people of the same country. What Caused the English Civil War? The Divine Right of Kings — Charles I felt that God had given him Charles closes Parliament. The Eleven Years of This is a belief that the King or Queen is the most 1629 Divine Right of the power to rule and so Parliament should follow his leadership. Tyranny begin. powerful person on earth as God put them into Kings Parliament disagreed with the King over the Divine Right of Kings. power. Parliament believed it should have an important role in running the Charles reopens Parliament in order to raise 1640 country. money for war. Parliament tried to limit the King’s power. Charles responded by Eleven Years Charles I ruled England without Parliament for declaring war on Parliament in 1642. Tyranny eleven years. Charles I attempts to arrest 5 members of 1642 parliament. The English Civil War begins. Why did Parliament Win the War? A government where a King or Queen is the Head of Monarchy 1644 Parliamentarians win the Battle of Marston Moor. State. The New Model Army was created by Parliamentarians in 1645. These soldiers were paid for their services and trained well. 1645 Parliamentarians win the Battle of Naseby. A group in the UK elected by the people. They have Parliament had more money. They controlled the south of England Parliament which was much richer in resources. -
The Canadian Bar Review
THE CANADIAN BAR REVIEW VOL . XXX OCTOBER 1952 NO . 8 The Rule Against the Use of Legislative History: "Canon of Construction or Counsel Of Caution"? D. G . KILGOUR* . Toronto I. Introduction The question whether the rule against the use of legislative his- tory is a "canon of construction or counsel of caution" I is only one', but perhaps the least explored, 2 aspect of the general problem of admissibility of extrinsic evidence in the interpretation of written documents. This general problem, in turn, is only one, but perhaps the most important,3 aspect of interpretation at large, which is a problem of general jurisprudence. In fact, juris- prudence itself has been defined as the art of interpreting laws.4 Interpretation or construction of a statute, as of any written document, is an exercise in the ascertainment of meaning. On principle, therefore; everything which is logically relevant should be admissible. Since a statute is an instrument of government * D. G. Kilgour, B .A. (Tor.), LL.M. (Harv.), of the Ontario Bar . Assist- ant Professor, School of Law, University of Toronto. 1 Per Bowen L. J. in Re Jodrell (1890),, L.R. 44 Ch.D. 590, at p. 614. 2 Lauterpacht, Some Observations on Preparatory Work in the Interpreta- tion of Treaties (1935), 48 Harv. L. Rev. 549, at p. 558. 3 Frankfurter, Some Reflections on the Reading of Statutes (1947), 47 Col. L. Rev. 527, at p. 529 : "I should say that the troublesome phase of construction is the determination of the extent to which extraneous docu- mentation and external circumstances may be allowed to infiltrate the text on, ihé theory that they were part of it, written in ink discernable to the judicial eye" .