Evolution and Gestalt of the State in the United Kingdom
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Why Did Britain Become a Republic? > New Government
Civil War > Why did Britain become a republic? > New government Why did Britain become a republic? Case study 2: New government Even today many people are not aware that Britain was ever a republic. After Charles I was put to death in 1649, a monarch no longer led the country. Instead people dreamed up ideas and made plans for a different form of government. Find out more from these documents about what happened next. Report on the An account of the Poem on the arrest of setting up of the new situation in Levellers, 1649 Commonwealth England, 1649 Portrait & symbols of Cromwell at the The setting up of Cromwell & the Battle of the Instrument Commonwealth Worcester, 1651 of Government http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/ Page 1 Civil War > Why did Britain become a republic? > New government Case study 2: New government - Source 1 A report on the arrest of some Levellers, 29 March 1649 (Catalogue ref: SP 25/62, pp.134-5) What is this source? This is a report from a committee of MPs to Parliament. It explains their actions against the leaders of the Levellers. One of the men they arrested was John Lilburne, a key figure in the Leveller movement. What’s the background to this source? Before the war of the 1640s it was difficult and dangerous to come up with new ideas and try to publish them. However, during the Civil War censorship was not strongly enforced. Many political groups emerged with new ideas at this time. One of the most radical (extreme) groups was the Levellers. -
1 Law and the Construction of Policy. a Comparative Analysis Edward C
Law and the Construction of Policy. A Comparative Analysis Edward C Page Department of Government, London School of Economics and Political Science Paper prepared for the Annual Conference of the Political Studies Association, Brighton, Session 6 Executive Politics, Bureaucracy and Legislation Tuesday 22 March 15:30-17:00 . DRAFT. Abstract Like many other things, statutes are shaped by their environments. It is possible to show that a range of constitutional and institutional constraints produce characteristics shared by much legislation in one jurisdiction that distinguish it from much legislation in others. These characteristics include features such as the specificity of the language in which laws are written, how statutes delegate powers, the use of symbolism in legislation and the degree to which policy is developed in a cumulative manner. These features are not matters of “culture” or “style” but rather result from a) the role of statute in the wider legal-administrative system and b) the mode of production of legislation. This argument is developed on the basis of an analysis of 1,150 laws passed in 2014 in Germany, France, the UK, Sweden and the USA. Legislation is arguably the most powerful instrument of government (see Hood 1983). It is the expression of government authority backed up by the state's "monopoly of legitimate force" (Weber 1983). Yet apart from their authoritativeness there is rather little that can be said about the characteristics of laws as tools of government. In fact, each law is unique in what precisely it permits, mandates, authorises and prohibits, and to what ends. In this paper I explore a way of looking at legislation in between these two levels of abstraction: on the one hand law as supreme instrument and on the other laws as the idiosyncratic content of any individual piece of legislation. -
Statute Law Revision Act 2012 ———————— Arran
Click here for Explanatory Memorandum ———————— Number 19 of 2012 ———————— STATUTE LAW REVISION ACT 2012 ———————— ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Section 1. Definitions. 2. General statute law revision repeal and saver. 3. Specific repeals. 4. Assignment of short titles. 5. Miscellaneous amendments to short titles. 6. Savings. 7. Amendment of Adaptation of Enactments Act 1922. 8. Short title and collective citations. SCHEDULE 1 ACTS SPECIFICALLY RETAINED PART 1 Irish Private Acts 1751 to 1800 PART 2 Private Acts of Great Britain 1751 to 1800 PART 3 United Kingdom Private Acts 1801 to 1922 PART 4 United Kingdom Local and Personal Acts 1851 to 1922 1 [No. 19.]Statute Law Revision Act 2012. [2012.] SCHEDULE 2 ACTS SPECIFICALLY REPEALED PART 1 Irish Private Acts 1751 to 1800 PART 2 Private Acts of Great Britain 1751 to 1800 PART 3 United Kingdom Private Acts 1801 to 1922 PART 4 United Kingdom Local and Personal Acts 1851 to 1922 ———————— Acts Referred to Adaptation of Charters Act 1926 1926, No. 6 Adaptation of Enactments Act 1931 1931, No. 34 Adaptation of Enactments Act 1922 1922, No. 2 Constitution (Consequential Provisions) Act 1937 1937, No. 40 Drainage and Improvement of Lands Supplemental Act (Ireland) 1868 31 & 32 Vict., c. clvii Drainage and Improvement of Lands Supplemental Act (Ireland) 1868 31 & 32 Vict., c. clviii Drainage and Improvement of Lands Supplemental Act (Ireland) 1873 36 & 37 Vict., c. xv Interpretation Act 2005 2005, No. 23 Local Government Act 2001 2001, No. 37 Lough Swilly and Lough Foyle Reclamation Acts Amend- ment 1853 16 & 17 Vict., c. lxv Short Titles Acts 1896 to 2009 Statute Law Revision Act 2007 2007, No. -
Investments in Power Generation in Great Britain C.1960-2010
Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management Investments in power generation in Great Britain c.1960-2010: The role of accounting and the financialisation of investment decisions Liz Warren, Martin Quinn, Gerhard Kristandl, Article information: To cite this document: Liz Warren, Martin Quinn, Gerhard Kristandl, (2017) "Investments in power generation in Great Britain c.1960-2010: The role of accounting and the financialisation of investment decisions", Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, https://doi.org/10.1108/QRAM-01-2016-0002 Permanent link to this document: https://doi.org/10.1108/QRAM-01-2016-0002 Downloaded on: 25 December 2017, At: 00:42 (PT) References: this document contains references to 91 other documents. To copy this document: [email protected] The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 10 times since 2017* Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by emerald- srm:425905 [] For Authors If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. Downloaded by UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE At 00:42 25 December 2017 (PT) About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com Emerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. -
Electricity Act, 1947
Electricity Act, 1947. io & it GEo. 6. CH. 54. ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS. PART I. BRITISH ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY AND AREA ELECTRICITY BOARDS. Section. i. Main functions of Electricity Boards. 2. Additional functions of Electricity Boards. 3. Constitution of Central Authority and Area Boards. 4. Definition and variation of areas. 5. Powers of Minister in relation to Central Authority. 6. Powers of Central Authority and Minister in relation to Area Boards. 7. Consultative Councils. 8. Annual reports of Central Authority and Area Boards. 9. Compulsory purchase of land. ro. Power of Electricity Boards to promote and oppose Bills. ii. Electricity Boards not to be exempt from taxation, etc. 12. Liability of Electricity Boards in actions, etc. i,'ART II. ACQUISITION OF ELECTRICITY UNDERTAKINGS. Vesting of Assets. Bodies to whom Part II of Act applies. 1.4. Vesting of assets of electricity undertakings. 15. Provisions as to undertakings of local authorities. 16. Right of pre-emption for local authorities in respect of land vested in an Electricity Board. 17. Composite companies. i8. Disclaimer of agreements and leases. 1g. Subsequent transfer of property from one Electricity Board to another. Compensation to Holders of Securities. 20. Compensation to holders of securities of bodies other than local authorities. 2r. Appointment of stockholders' representative. A i CH. 54. Electricity Act, 1947. ro & ii GEO. 6. Compensation to Local Authorities. Section. 22. Compensation to local authorities. 23. Further compensation. to local authorities in respect of severance. 24. Further compensation to local authorities in respect of capital works. Compensation to Composite Companies. 25. Compensation to composite companies. Control of Dividends and Interest and Safeguarding of Assets pending transfer. -
Standing Orders of the House of Lords: Private
STANDING ORDERS OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS PRIVATE BUSINESS 2018 Ordered by the House of Lords to be printed 18 December 2017 HL Paper 55 STANDING ORDERS OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS PRIVATE BUSINESS 2018 Ordered by the House of Lords to be printed 18 December 2017 HL Paper 55 STANDING ORDERS RELATING TO PRIVATE BUSINESS AND TABLE OF FEES TOGETHER WITH CHAIRMAN’S RULES RELATING TO PARLIAMENTARY AGENTS, PETITIONERS AND THEIR REPRESENTATIVES © Parliamentary copyright House of Lords 2018. Re-use of this material is permitted under the terms of the Open Parliament Licence, which is published at www.parliament.uk/site-information/copyright/open- parliament-licence/ Please address enquiries to the Clerk of the Journals, House of Lords, London SW1A 0PW. TABLE OF CONTENTS Standing Order ........................................................................................................................................ page DEFINITIONS 1 Definitions .............................................................................................................................................1 1A Deposit and delivery of documents, etc., at offices of government departments and public bodies .........................................................................................5 PETITIONS FOR BILLS 2 Petitions for bills .................................................................................................................................6 3 Requirements as to proof before Examiner ......................................................................6 -
Public Health the Vision and the Challenge
THE ROCK CARLING FELLOWSHIP 1997 Public Health The vision and the challenge THE ROCK CARLING FELLOWSHIP 1997 PUBLIC HEALTH The vision and the challenge The pursuit of public health can have no finality... The problems of public health are changing rapidly with increasing medical knowledge and changes in social and economic conditions, the age distribution of the population and the outlook of the people. Sixth Annual Report of the Department of Health for Scotland 1934 Walter W Holland CBE, FRCP, FFPHM LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science London AND Susie Stewart DL, MA, HON MFPHM Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow Glasgow Published by The Nuffield Trust 59 New Cavendish Street, London WIM 7RD ISBN 1-902089-10-3 © Nuffield Trust 1998 Publications Committee Sir Derek Mitchell, KCB, cvo Professor John Ledingham, DM, FRCP John Wyn Owen, CB Designed by Benjamin Rowntree Reports Limited PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY BIDDLES & CO The Rock Carling Fellowship commemorates the late Sir Ernest Rock Carling for many years a governing Trustee and Chairman of the Medical Advisory Committee of the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust. It was stipulated that each holder of the Fellowship will seek to review in a monograph the state of knowledge and activity in one of the fields in which Sir Ernest had been particularly interested, and which is within the purposes of the Trust. The arrangements provide that the monograph will be introduced by a public lecture given at a recognised Medical Teaching Centre in the United -
Abolishing the Crime of Public Nuisance and Modernising That of Public Indecency
International Law Research; Vol. 6, No. 1; 2017 ISSN 1927-5234 E-ISSN 1927-5242 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Abolishing the Crime of Public Nuisance and Modernising That of Public Indecency Graham McBain1,2 1 Peterhouse, Cambridge, UK 2 Harvard Law School, USA Correspondence: Graham McBain, 21 Millmead Terrace, Guildford, Surrey GU2 4AT, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Received: November 20, 2016 Accepted: February 19, 2017 Online Published: March 7, 2017 doi:10.5539/ilr.v6n1p1 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/ilr.v6n1p1 1. INTRODUCTION Prior articles have asserted that English criminal law is very fragmented and that a considerable amount of the older law - especially the common law - is badly out of date.1 The purpose of this article is to consider the crime of public nuisance (also called common nuisance), a common law crime. The word 'nuisance' derives from the old french 'nuisance' or 'nusance' 2 and the latin, nocumentum.3 The basic meaning of the word is that of 'annoyance';4 In medieval English, the word 'common' comes from the word 'commune' which, itself, derives from the latin 'communa' - being a commonality, a group of people, a corporation.5 In 1191, the City of London (the 'City') became a commune. Thereafter, it is usual to find references with that term - such as common carrier, common highway, common council, common scold, common prostitute etc;6 The reference to 'common' designated things available to the general public as opposed to the individual. For example, the common carrier, common farrier and common innkeeper exercised a public employment and not just a private one. -
Water Act, 1945. 8 & 9 GEO
Water Act, 1945. 8 & 9 GEO. 6. CE. 42. ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS. PART I. CENTRAL AND LOCAL PLANNING. Section. i. Duty of Minister in relation to water. 2. Central Advisory Water Committee. 3. Joint Advisory Water Committees. 4. Duties of Joint Advisory Water Committees. 5. Power to require local authorities and statutory water under- takers to carry out surveys and formulate proposals. 6. Power of Minister to require records and information from persons abstracting water. 7. Facilities for obtaining information as to underground water. PART II. LOCAL ORGANISATION OF WATER SUPPLIES. 8. Joint water boards. 9. Combination of undertakers and transfer of undertakings by agreement or compulsorily. io. Variation of limits of supply by agreement or compulsorily. ii. Power of Minister to authorise certain statutory water undertakers to supply premises outside their limits of supply. 12. Supply of water in bulk by agreement or compulsorily. 13. Default powers of Minister. PART III. RESOURCES. CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION OF WATER waste certain 14. Control of abstraction and prevention of in areas. 15. Agreements as to drainage, etc., of land. use of hosepipes. 16. Power to prohibit or restrict temporarily of 17. Byelaws for preventing waste, misuse or contamination water. A CH. 42. Water Act, 1945. 8 & 9 GEO. 6. Section. 18. Byelaws for preventing pollution of water of undertakers. 19. General provisions as to byelaws. 2o. Power of Minister to require the making of byelaws, to make byelaws in case of default and to revoke byelaws. 21. Penalty for polluting water used for human consumption. 22. Acquisition of land and execution of works for protection of water. -
The Canadian Bar Review
THE CANADIAN BAR REVIEW VOL . XXX OCTOBER 1952 NO . 8 The Rule Against the Use of Legislative History: "Canon of Construction or Counsel Of Caution"? D. G . KILGOUR* . Toronto I. Introduction The question whether the rule against the use of legislative his- tory is a "canon of construction or counsel of caution" I is only one', but perhaps the least explored, 2 aspect of the general problem of admissibility of extrinsic evidence in the interpretation of written documents. This general problem, in turn, is only one, but perhaps the most important,3 aspect of interpretation at large, which is a problem of general jurisprudence. In fact, juris- prudence itself has been defined as the art of interpreting laws.4 Interpretation or construction of a statute, as of any written document, is an exercise in the ascertainment of meaning. On principle, therefore; everything which is logically relevant should be admissible. Since a statute is an instrument of government * D. G. Kilgour, B .A. (Tor.), LL.M. (Harv.), of the Ontario Bar . Assist- ant Professor, School of Law, University of Toronto. 1 Per Bowen L. J. in Re Jodrell (1890),, L.R. 44 Ch.D. 590, at p. 614. 2 Lauterpacht, Some Observations on Preparatory Work in the Interpreta- tion of Treaties (1935), 48 Harv. L. Rev. 549, at p. 558. 3 Frankfurter, Some Reflections on the Reading of Statutes (1947), 47 Col. L. Rev. 527, at p. 529 : "I should say that the troublesome phase of construction is the determination of the extent to which extraneous docu- mentation and external circumstances may be allowed to infiltrate the text on, ihé theory that they were part of it, written in ink discernable to the judicial eye" . -
Ofgem Section 23 Determination RBA-TR-A-DET-159 (PDF)
Determination No. RBA/TR/A/DET/159 DETERMINATION OF DISPUTES UNDER SECTION 23 OF THE ELECTRICITY ACT 1989 BETWEEN CITY OF WESTMINSTER, LONDON BOROUGH OF CAM DEN, LONDON BOROUGH OF ISLINGTON AND EDF ENERGY NETWORKS (LPN) PLC 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. On 3 December 2007, EDF Energy Networks (LPN) pic ("EDF") referred to the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority (""the Authority") a dispute with the City of Westminster ("Westminster"), and a separate dispute with the London Borough of Camden ("Camden"), for determination by the Authority under section 23 of the Electricity Act 1989 (as amended) (the "Act"). On 24 January 2008, EDF referred an additional dispute with the London Borough of Islington ("Islington") to the Authority for determination. In this document, Camden, Westminster and Islington are, where appropriate, collectively referred to as "the Councils". 1.2. The principal point for determination in these disputes is who bears responsibility in law for renewing the rising and lateral mains ("R&Ls") inside the common parts of particular mufti-occupancy apartment blocks under the freehold ownership of the Councils1, and who bears the cost of such renewal. In very broad summary, EDF maintains that the relevant Council is responsible for the R&Ls at the block under its freehold ownership and therefore it (rather than EDF) should in each case bear the costs of replacing the R&Ls. The three Councils maintain that EDF is obliged to replace the R&Ls and to bear the costs of the replacement. 1.3. The parties to the disputes have confirmed in writing that they are content for their identities to be disclosed in this document and its Appendix and the accompanying parties' Submission Documents. -
Robert Blackburn
ROBERT BLACKBURN Professor of Constitutional Law, King's College London "The Influence of Magna Carta on the British Constitution" Conference at Amiens University to commemorate Magna Carta’s 800th anniversary, 7-9 December 2015 Thank you very much for your introduction, and thank you very much Sophie for organising this marvellous conference; it is a wonderful gathering. And I would also like to thank and dedicate what I am going to say to my wife Paula, since there is another anniversary at the moment, which is my thirtieth wedding anniversary. It must show just how important Magna Carta is to me that I am here today celebrating the anniversary of this great constitutional document rather than at home with my wife celebrating our thirty years of happiness together. But we will do so over Christmas instead. What I would like to offer today is some thoughts and reflections about British constitutionalism in the context of Magna Carta. And I take the principles, symbolic principles, of Magna Carta as being the Rule of Law, democracy and human rights. Now those are not precisely what the barons had in mind in 1215 but as has been emphasised by our previous speakers the significance of Magna Carta today lies in its symbolic aspects. These are the principles that it has come to represent, in embryonic form in 1215. These were that our rulers cannot do whatever they like, they are subject to limitations and principles, and government should be by consent of the nation, later giving rise to the concept of democracy itself.