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Deradicalization Model at Tariqa Pesantren in Tasikmalaya District

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Deradicalization Model at Tariqa Pesantren in Tasikmalaya District Akhmad Satori1, Fitriyani Yuliawati1 and Wiwi Widiastuti1 1Department of Political Sciences, Siliwangi State University Keywords: Development Models, Tariqa Pesantren, Radicalism, Deradicalization Abstract: Research with the title of Deradicalization Model at Tariqa Pesantren in Tasikmalaya District is expected to produce works that can find the concept of nationalism and de radicalization that run on pesantren education to be implemented in other community. To be able to fully illustrate the patterns formed in religious rituals, education, teaching among Pesantren Tariqa, the research method used using the qualitative-descriptive method. The results show that there is a positive correlation between tariqa and de radicalization, reinforced by several factors, first, tariqa offers the flexibility of dialogue between religious teachings and local culture, so accepting the differences of idealism. Second, the very clear distinction in the main concept of jihad in the logic of radical fundamentalists with the adherents of the tariqa the third, the internalization of the value of Sufi values is based on the spirit of ihsan (Islamic ethics) which is the value of the universal value in life. The spirit of tariqa nationalism is rooted in the long history of the Indonesian nation, placing the interests of the state in line with the understanding of the faith. Therefore it can be concluded that the potential of de radicalization can grow and develop in Tariqa Pesantren. 1 INTRODUCTION The opening of the texts of freedom of expression in and can encourage a person to takeaction. Each the Reformationeraaffects the development of thelife educational institution has a big task to deal with this Islamic society in Indonesia. This influence can be problem, especially Pesantren. Pesantren is seen with the strengthening of the identity and atraditional Islamic boarding school (Muhammad & movement of religious groups and encourage the dkk, 2015). emergence of various religious groups and In the historical sphere, pesantren is often spirituality outside the mainstream which is often the suspected as the cause of the emergence of the idea denial of the dominant religious groups embraced by of religious radicalism which is one of the the majority of the people. Groups such as The forerunners of terrorism. Through the doctrine of the Islamic Defenders Front (or locally known as FPI), cross between traditionality (al-qadim al-shalih) and Hizbut-Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) and the Jamaah modernity (al-jadid al-ashlah), pesantren succeeded Islamiyah or Jamiah Ansorut Tawheed (JAT) group, in becoming an essential part in the formation of Al-Qadiyah Al Islamiyah are radically developing state and nation character that can build harmony and gaining sympathy from some groups of people. among the Muslims. This cannot beseparated from the growing Particularly in this study, tariqa pesantren is understanding of religious puritan and interesting to be studied, not only because it teaches radicalism.Meanwhile,tariqa is specifically a Islam that is friendly and suitable for Islam in the concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual frame of Indonesian, but more than that, as the times practices of such an order with the aim of seeking progress, pesantren this model has undergone many haqiqa, which translates as “the ultimate truth.” changes and renewal yet not uprooted from The growth of radicalism in the name of religion traditional roots proven to contain the teachings of cannot be separated from the factors behind it. One tolerance. factor that contributes to the growing understanding In order to explain the role of pesantren and action of religious radicalism in Indonesia is education in preventing radicalism (deradicalization) education. It is education that shapes the character one of them uses the Tariqa (thariqah) approach. 325 Satori, A., Yuliawati, F. and Widiastuti, W. Deradicalization Model at Tariqa Pesantren in Tasikmalaya District. DOI: 10.5220/0009930003250331 In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 325-331 ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9 Copyright c 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation Furthermore, the aspect of tasawuf (psychological) colonials is often driven by thetariqa movement in pesantren also contributes to the growth of the (Salahudin, 2013). value of tolerantamong the students. One of the main problems of the national life Pesantren which since its inception is a moderate crisis is the inability of society to understand each and accommodative institution also has its way in other's differences. So, if this condition is left observing radicalism. As a unique Islamic-based continuously and does not get the attention of educational institution, Indonesian pesantren has researchers as an effort to find a strategic solution emphasized the importance of spreading the culture will always be a fire in the husk that always haunts of peace. The concept of tasāmuḥ, tawassuṭ, typical plural societies like Indonesia. The erosion of tawāzun, and i'tidālare inherent in the pesantren the sense of nationalism and erosion of the ideology community and serve as the clear proof that of nationalism, building the character of the nation pesantren is an institution that promotes the values by instilling the love of the homeland and re- of peace and anti to radicalism (Muhammad & dkk, internalizing the ideology of nationhood. the 2015). occurrence of a process of religious silencing (more The main concern of this research is the concept concerned with ritual than essence), deepening and of nationality and the concept of deradicalization appreciation of religious teachings, tolerance and that arises from the teaching and rituals of inclusiveness of religious practices on diversity, tariqapesantren in Tasikmalaya district. Tasikmalaya deradicalization of discourse or religious dogma. In is one of the areas considered as the basis of this context researchers consider this research to find pesantrenand calledas the city of santri, which has its urgency. tremendous potential about how the concept and This research is expected to produce a method of teaching and understanding of religion in contribution of thought, regarding the right Islamic education institution. Various models and education model in counteracting the ideology of types of pesantren can be found in Tasikmalaya, radical ideology that originates both from the lack of ranging from the traditional pesantren to modern, religious understanding and diversity, violence in the from pesantren salaf (one of madzhab in Islam based name of religion, and more extreme actions namely on the Holy Quran and As Sunnah) to kholaf terrorism which has recently become a scourge for (madzhabwhichis based on human logic). As well as the Indonesian people. the tariqapesantren, which are also growing in This research is targeted to produce the concept Tasikmalaya. of nationality and deradicalization in the tarekat Several studies reveal that there are various types Islamic boarding school which later became the of tariqa that grew in Indonesia; among them are concept of developing an effective and capable Tariqa Qadiriyah, Syadziliyah, Naqsyabandiyah, national education implemented in various places. Khalwatiyah, Sammaniyah, Tijaniyah, Qadiriyah Various ritual patterns, the tradition of teaching Naqsyabandiyah, Idrisiyah, and Syatariyah. All of methods and the understanding of pesantren that are those spread in various cities in Indonesia (Mulyati carried out will be studied in depth through a & dkk, 2005) In Tasikmalaya regency, West Java. continuous picture, to get the national concept The two biggesttariqa with the most followers in building that is run in the pesantren West Java but also in Indonesia is the Tariqa Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah Pesantren Suryalaya Tasikmalaya with Abah Anom (KH Ahmad 2 STUDY ON PESANTREN Shohibul Wafa Tajul Arifin) and Al Idrisiyah yarekat leader Syakh Akbar Faturohman as the EDUCATION AND prominent figure. Hence, this two pesantren serve as DERADICALISATION the research location for this study. Departing from EFFORTS the background of the above research, the researcher finds out the concept of nationality developed in The study of the dynamics of the life of tarekat in tariqapesantren. The selection of tariqa pesantren as Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia is not new, in the locus of this research is because the tariqa the last two decades many scholars from both became an instrument not only to consolidate in the Indonesia and foreign scholars have studied social spiritual realm but also to be a window to build a and cultural thinking which places the tarekat on the solid social order through its continuous social-rite development of scientific concepts on significant communication by its agents. It seems understanding. The study carried out is only about understandable that the history of resistance to the the history and role of various tarekat existing and 326 Deradicalization Model at Tariqa Pesantren in Tasikmalaya District developing in Indonesia. Meanwhile, there are only The rise of radical movements in Indonesia has a few systematic studies of pesantren and tarekat in developed since the 1980s. It is marked by the Indonesia in the context of deradicalization. emergence of the phenomenon of strengthening the Martin Van Bruinessen in 1955 tried to spearhead religiosity
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