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Checklist Dos Parasitos Do Peixe Lua (Mola Mola: Molidae) No Mundo

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Checklist Dos Parasitos Do Peixe Lua (Mola Mola: Molidae) No Mundo https://doi.org/10.22256/pubvet.v12n3a42.1-9 Checklist dos parasitos do peixe Lua (Mola mola: Molidae) no mundo Naibe Cristina de Figueiredo 1*, José Ticiano Arruda Ximenes de Lima 2, Carlos Iberê Freitas 2, Claudio Giovanio da Silva 2 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. *Autor para correspondência, E-mail: [email protected] 2Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. RESUMO. Devido à escassez de trabalhos relacionados ao parasitismo no mundo, sendo assim, percebe-se a importância de realizar uma revisão bibliográfica em artigos científicos, dissertações e teses em bancos de dados e periódicos de fácil acesso para os estudantes e pesquisadores acerca das ocorrências de parasitas em M. mola entre os anos de 1904 - 2017. A espécie de peixe conhecida popularmente como peixe lua (Mola mola: Molidae) são encontrados em todos os oceanos do mundo. O parasitismo pode ser uma das possíveis causas de encalhe desta família no Brasil, uma vez que existe um número de publicações cientificas reduzida de relatos de ocorrência da espécie M. mola. Foram encontrados 51 trabalhos relacionados a parasitos da espécie Mola mola no mundo, no estudo foram registradas 44 espécies de parasitos e 9 espécies são sinônimos, ou seja, são parasitos conhecidos por mais de um nome. O estudos possibilitou encontrar a ocorrência de parasitária em M. mola nos cinco filos e nos cinco continentes, destes houve maior registro de ocorrência parasitária na Europa nos filos Platylhelminte (n=28), Arthopoda (n=15) e Nematoda (n=1) e na América os filos Acanthocephala (n=1), Platylhelmintes (n=27) e Arthopoda (n=15), Oceania Platylhelmintes (n=7), Nematoda (n=1) e Arthopoda (n=14), na Ásia foram registrados os filos Platylhelmintes (n=3) e Arthopoda (n=5), na África foram registrados estudos apenas no filo Arthopoda (n=10) e algumas espécies os artigos científicos não identificaram o localidade do parasito encontrado impossibilitando de registrar o continente (NI) apresentou registro de parasitos nos filos Platylhelmintes (n=7), Arthopoda (n=3). Percebe-se a importância dos trabalhos de revisão de literatura, pois facilita o trabalho de futuros pesquisadores em agilizar a pesquisa. Palavras chave: Parasitismo, peixe sol, platelmintos, sunfish Check List of the parasites of the ocean sunfish (Mola mola: Molidae) fish in the world ABSTRACT. Due to the scarcity of works related to parasitism in the world, it is important to carry out a bibliographic review of scientific articles, dissertations and theses in databases and journals that are easily accessible to students and researchers about the occurrence of parasites in M. spring between the years of 1904 - 2017. A species of fish popularly known as moon fish (Mola mola: Molidae) has been found in every ocean in the world. Parasitism may be one of the next causes of family sweeping in Brazil, since there are a number of reduced scientific reports of occurrences of M. mola species. The studies made it possible to find parasitic occurrence in M. mola in the five phyla and in the five continents, of which there was a higher parasitic occurrence in Europe in the Platylhelminte (n = 28), Arthopoda (n = 15) and Nematoda (n =1), and in America the phyla Acanthocephala (n = 1), Platylhelmintes (n = 27) and Arthopoda (n = 15), Oceania PUBVET v.12, n.3, a42, p.1-9, Mar., 2018 Figueiredo et al. 2 Platylhelmintes (n = 7), Nematoda Asia were recorded Platylhelminths (n = 3) and Arthopoda (n = 5), in Africa only studies were registered in the phylum Arthopoda (n = 10) and some species the scientific articles did not identify the locality of the parasite found impossible to register the continent (NI) presented a record of parasites in the Platylhelmintes (n = 7), Arthopoda (n = 3). It is noticed the importance of the work of literature review, as it facilitates the work of future researchers in streamlining the research. Keywords: Parasitism, platelmints, sunfish Lista de los parásitos del pescado Lua (Mola mola: Molidae) en el mundo RESUMEN. Debido a la escasez de trabajos relacionados con el parasitismo en el mundo, se percibe la importancia de realizar una revisión bibliográfica en artículos científicos, disertaciones y tesis en bancos de datos y periódicos de fácil acceso para los estudiantes e investigadores acerca de las ocurrencias de parásitos en M. primavera entre los años 1904 - 2017. La especie de pescado conocida popularmente como peces de luna (Mola mola: Molidae) se encuentran en todos los océanos del mundo. El parasitismo puede ser una de las posibles causas de encalladura de esta familia en Brasil, ya que existe un número de publicaciones científicas reducida de relatos de ocurrencia de la especie M. mola. Se han encontrado 51 trabajos relacionados con parásitos de la especie M. mola en el mundo, en el estudio se registraron 44 especies de parásitos y 9 especies son sinónimos, o sea, son parásitos conocidos por más de un nombre. En los cinco filos y en los cinco continentes, se observó un mayor registro de ocurrencia parasitaria en Europa en los filos Platylhelminte (n = 28), Arthopoda (n = 15) y Nematoda (n = 1) y en América los filos Acanthocephala (n = 1), Platylhelmintes (n = 27) y Arthopoda (n = 15), Oceanía Platylhelmintes (n = 7), Nematoda (n = 1) y Arthopoda (N = 5), en África se registraron estudios sólo en el filo Arthopoda (n = 10) y algunas especies los artículos científicos no identificaron la localidad del parásito encontrado imposibilitando registrar (NI) presentó registro de parásitos en los filos Platylhelmintes (n = 7), Arthopoda (n = 3). Se percibe la importancia de los trabajos de revisión de literatura, pues facilita el trabajo de futuros investigadores en agilizar la investigación. Palabras clave: Parasitismo, pez sol, platelmintos, sunfish Introdução O parasitismo em peixes está associado a diversos fatores, como a dieta do hospedeiro e a Os peixes da espécie Mola mola pertence a idade, a composição química da água, a ordem Tetraodontiforme e a família Molidae profundidade do hábitat, os fatores geográficos e (Ahuir‐Baraja et al., 2017), conhecido as estações do ano (Pavanelli et al., 2013), levando popularmente como peixe Lua, peixe Sol ou em consideração a espécie M. mola composta de molas. São encontrados nos oceanos Atlântico e peixes migradores sazonais e migram em duas Pacífico (Pope et al., 2010). O primeiro registro de estações do ano, inverno e verão (Breen et al., ocorrência da espécie M. mola na costa brasileira 2017), habitando água profundas com até 600 capturado na Baía de Guanabará foi datado por metros (Dewar et al., 2010) e se alimentando de Schreiner & Ribeiro (1903). zooplâncton gelatinosos, algas, medusa, pequenos A familia Molidae possui os maiores peixes crustáceos e peixes (Breen et al., 2017). teleósteos do mundo (Gustinelli et al., 2006). Os Os parasitos atualmente são reconhecidos peixes são animais vertebrados que possui uma como importantes componentes na biodiversidade grande carga parasitária (Cavalcanti et al., 2012). global (Cavalcanti et al., 2013), ajudando na Isso ocorre porque o meio aquático não apresenta compreensão da biologia, na sobrevivência, na uma temperatura estável, provocando a estrutura da população do hospedeiro e no diminuição do metabolismo dos peixes, causando funcionamento do ecossistema, influenciando uma situação propicia para a proliferação diretamente as populações de peixes pela parasitária (Andrade et al., 2001). mortalidade ou indiretamente na redução da PUBVET v.12, n.3, a42, p.1-9, Mar., 2018 Checklist dos parasitos do peixe Lua 3 fecundidade, alterações no comportamento, Resultados e Discussão redução na velocidade de natação ou aumento do Foram encontrados 51 trabalhos relacionados a risco de predação do hospedeiro (Longshaw et al., parasitos da espécie Mola mola no mundo, no 2010). estudo foram registrados 44 espécies de parasitos No estudo do parasitismo em peixes marinhos e 9 espécies são sinônimos, destes 2 espécies é importante levar em consideração o tamanho pertencem ao filo Acanthocephala há registro de corporal do hospedeiro como um bom indicador apenas um parasito, com habitat não informado de preferências das espécies parasitárias. Os encontrado em Massachussetts (América do maiores hospedeiros fornecem uma maior Norte), o filo Platelmintos está subdividido em diversidade de nicho aos parasitos, consomem três classes: a classe Monogenea foram registrados mais presas e possibilita ao parasito um ambiente 3 espécies e 5 sinônimos, a classe Digenea foram propício para o seu desenvolvimento e reprodução registrados 17 espécies, a classe Cestoda foram parasitária (Pavanelli et al., 2013). O estudo registrados 5 espécies e um parasito apenas realizou uma revisão bibliográfica em artigos identificado a família apresentando características científicos, dissertações e teses em bancos de morfológicas diferentes com o Tipo I e II. O filo dados e periódicos de fácil acesso acerca das nematoda foi registrado em duas espécies e o filo ocorrências de parasitas em M. mola entre os anos Arthropoda 16 espécies e 4 sinônimos listrados na de 1904 - 2017. tabela 1. Entre os anos de 1904 a 2017 foram Material e Métodos encontrados estudos de ocorrência de parasitária Para elabora a lista dos parasitos do peixe Lua em M. mola nos cinco filos e nos cinco continentes Mola mola no mundo, os registros foram obtidos (Figura 1), destes houve maior registro de por meio de busca nas plataformas Scopus, ocorrência parasitária na Europa nos filos SciELO, Elsevier, Web of Science, SpringerLink, Platylhelminte (n=28), Arthopoda (n=15) e no mecanismo de busca do Google Acadêmico e Nematoda (n=1) e na América os filos no Portal Periódicos CAPES/MEC, utilizando as Acanthocephala (n=1), Platylhelmintes (n=27) e palavras chave: Mola mola, Molidae, Teleósteos, Arthopoda (n=15), Oceania Platylhelmintes Sunfishes. (n=7), Nematoda (n=1) e Arthopoda (n=14).
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