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Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae)
THE PRIMITIVE EPIDENDROIDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE): PHYLOGENY, CHARACTER EVOLUTION AND THE SYSTEMATICS OF PSILOCHILUS (TRIPHOREAE) A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Erik Paul Rothacker, M.Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Doctoral Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John V. Freudenstein, Adviser Dr. John Wenzel ________________________________ Dr. Andrea Wolfe Adviser Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Graduate Program COPYRIGHT ERIK PAUL ROTHACKER 2007 ABSTRACT Considering the significance of the basal Epidendroideae in understanding patterns of morphological evolution within the subfamily, it is surprising that no fully resolved hypothesis of historical relationships has been presented for these orchids. This is the first study to improve both taxon and character sampling. The phylogenetic study of the basal Epidendroideae consisted of two components, molecular and morphological. A molecular phylogeny using three loci representing each of the plant genomes including gap characters is presented for the basal Epidendroideae. Here we find Neottieae sister to Palmorchis at the base of the Epidendroideae, followed by Triphoreae. Tropidieae and Sobralieae form a clade, however the relationship between these, Nervilieae and the advanced Epidendroids has not been resolved. A morphological matrix of 40 taxa and 30 characters was constructed and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results support many of the traditional views of tribal composition, but do not fully resolve relationships among many of the tribes. A robust hypothesis of relationships is presented based on the results of a total evidence analysis using three molecular loci, gap characters and morphology. Palmorchis is placed at the base of the tree, sister to Neottieae, followed successively by Triphoreae sister to Epipogium, then Sobralieae. -
Epidermal Structure, Organographic Distribution and Ontogeny of Stomata in Vegetative and Floral Organs of Stenoglottis Fimbriata (Orchidaceae)
S.AfrJ.Bot., 1994, 60(2): 113 - 117 113 DETHIER, M.N. PAULL, K.M. & WOODBURY, M.M. 1991. Distri coralline alga, Spongiles yendoi (Foslie) Chamberlain (Corallina bution and thallus thickness patterns in subtidal encrusting algae ceae, Rhodophyta) in South Africa 1. Exp. Mar. Bioi. Eco/. from Washington. BOI. Mar. 34: 201 - 210. MATSUDA, S. 1989. Succession and growth rates of encrusting EDYVEAN, R.G.J. & FORD, H. 1987. Growth rates of Lilhophyllum crustose coralline algae (Rhodophyta, Cryptonemiales) in the incruslans (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from South West Wales. upper fore-reef environment off Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands. Br. Phycol. 1. 22: 139 - 146. Coral Reefs 7: 185 - 195. JACKSON, J.B.C. 1979. Overgrowth competition between encrusting PAINE, RT. 1984. Ecological determinism in the competition for space. Ecology 65: 1339 - 1348. cheilostome ectoprocts in a Jamaican cryptic reef environment. 1. QUINN, 1982. Competitive hierarchies in marine benthic Anim. Ecol. 48: 805 - 823. J.F. communities. Oecologia (Berl.) 54: 129 - 135. JACKSON, J.B.C. & BUSS, L. 1975. Allelopathy and spatial SEBENS, K.P. 1986. Spatial relationships among encrusting marine competition among coral reef invertebrates. Proc. Nail. Acad. Sci. organisms in the New England subtidal zone. Ecol. Monogr. 56: USA 72: 5160 - 5163. 73 - 96. KEATS, D.W. & MANEVELDT, G. in press. LeplOphylum fovealum STENECK, R.S. 1985. Adaptations of crustose coralline algae to Chamberlain & Keats (Rhodophyta, Corallinales) retaliates against herbivory: Patterns in space and time. In: Paleoalgology, ed. D. competitive overgrowth by other encrusting algae. J. Exp. Mar. Toomy & M. Nitecki. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 352 - 366. Bioi. Ecol. STENECK, RS. -
Using the Checklist N W C
Using the checklist • The arrangement of the checklist is alphabetical by family followed by genus, grouped under Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons. • All species and synonyms are arranged alphabetically under genus. • Accepted names are in bold print while synonyms or previously-used names are in italics. • In the case of synonyms, the currently used name follows the equals sign (=), and only refers to usage in Zimbabwe. • Distribution information is included under the current name. • The letters N, W, C, E, and S, following each listed taxon, indicate the known distribution of species within Zimbabwe as reflected by specimens in SRGH or cited in the literature. Where the distribution is unknown, we have inserted Distr.? after the taxon name. • All species known or suspected to be fully naturalised in Zimbabwe are included in the list. They are preceded by an asterisk (*). Species only known from planted or garden specimens were not included. Mozambique Zambia Kariba Mt. Darwin Lake Kariba N Victoria Falls Harare C Nyanga Mts. W Mutare Gweru E Bulawayo GREAT DYKEMasvingo Plumtree S Chimanimani Mts. Botswana N Beit Bridge South Africa The floristic regions of Zimbabwe: Central, East, North, South, West. A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants edited by Anthony Mapaura & Jonathan Timberlake Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 • 2004 • Recommended citation format MAPAURA, A. & TIMBERLAKE, J. (eds). 2004. A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants. -
Asymbiotic Germination of South African Holothrix (Orchidaceae): a Successful Breeding Experiment to Prepare Repatriation Maksim I
© Landesmuseum für Kärnten; download www.landesmuseum.ktn.gv.at/wulfenia; www.zobodat.at Wulfenia 23 (2016): 113 –120 Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt Asymbiotic germination of South African Holothrix (Orchidaceae): a successful breeding experiment to prepare repatriation Maksim I. Antipin, Elena A. Labunskaya & Vladimir V. Choob Summary: Three Holothrix species were germinated in vitro on ½ MS and Malmgren’s media and underwent a two-stage growing. Protocorms, primary shoots and tubers of root origin were obtained. The most successful morphogenesis occurred on Malmgren’s medium. Plantlets grown on ½ MS medium predominantly demonstrated a development of primary shoots, whereas plantlets transferred from ½ MS to Malmgren’s medium developed prominent tubers. Keywords: Holothrix, in vitro culture, nature conservation, repatriation The genus Holothrix Rich. ex Lindl. (Orchidaceae) was first described in 1835 by John Lindley, who based his description on an earlier work of Louis Richard published in 1818. According to modern estimates, the genus Holothrix includes up to 50–60 species distributed in Africa, Arabia and Socotra Island (H. socotrana). South Africa holds about one third of the total number of species within the genus (Pridgeon 2001). Plants of the genus Holothrix are either terrestrial or lithophytic orchids with small, ovoid, subterranean tubers of root origin, developing one or two oval or orbicular, often hairy, basal leaves spread flat on the ground. In some species (H. thodei Rolfe) the leaves wither away just before anthesis. The flowering season for the majority of species in Holothrix is spring and summer. Scapes are erect, unbranched, with or without sheathing leaves. The inflorescence is racemose (simple indeterminate spike). -
A List of Orchid Books
APPENDIX A list of Orchid Books TIM WING YAM, BENJAMIN SINGER, CHOY SIN HEW, TIIU KULL, IRINA TATARENKO, AND JOSEPH ARDITTI 279 280 T.W. Yam et al. Two private libraries, Benjamin Singer’s (which he donated to the American Orchid Society) and Joseph Arditti’s (its future is yet to be decided, it may be donated to an academic or scientific institutions or sold), served as primary sources for this list. However other sources were also used. The use of multiple sources increased the number of books which are listed but may have introduced errors or imperfections for following reasons. One and the same book may have been listed under different names erroneously. Names of authors may have been misspelled. When books have more than one author, the order of authors may have been presented differently in different lists and/or one or more names may have been omitted, added or misspelled. A book may have been published under different names in more than one country. Books are sometimes published by one publisher in one country and another in a different one. Spelling errors in different lists Translations Different editions Lack of information Conventions used in spelling names like “de” and “van.” Erroneous assumptions regarding Chinese surnames. The Chinese traditions is to list surname first, as for example, Yam Tim Wing which may end up incorrectly as Wing, Y. T. in some lists compiled in the West and correctly as T. W. Yam in others. Only the last names of some authors are listed. Some entries listed as books may in fact be no more than reprints. -
Strategies for the Development of Plant Systematics in a Floristically Diverse Region
Strategies for the development of plant systematics in a floristically diverse region by Janine Elizabeth Victor Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctor in the Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences (Plant Science) University of Pretoria Pretoria Supervisor: Prof. Dr. A.E. van Wyk Co-supervisor: Prof. Dr. G.F. Smith July 2015 DECLARATION I, Janine Elizabeth Victor, declare that the thesis/dissertation, which I hereby submit for the degree Doctorate of Philosophy at the University of Pretoria, is my own work and has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other tertiary institution. SIGNATURE: .......JtU: c!o!. ........ .. DATE: 1 July 2015 II ABSTRACT Strategies for the development of plant systematics in a floristically diverse region Janine Elizabeth Victor Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctor In the Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences (Department of Plant Science) University of Pretoria July 2015 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. A.E. van Wyk Co-supervisor: Prof. Dr. G.F. Smith South Africa is one of the most biologically diverse countries in the world, and harbours one of the richest floras. Vast areas of the country remain under-collected, and a large proportion of species are taxonomically problematic and under-represented in herbarium collections. These factors hinder management of biodiversity. The main intention of this study was to develop a strategy for plant taxonomic research that would meet the needs of end users, and make efficient use of scarce human and financial resources in South Africa. The development of plant taxonomy in South Africa from 1600 to 2014 is reviewed, with emphasis on the main driving factors that have influenced the research direction, techniques used, and choice of taxonomic research topic. -
A Taxonomic Revision of Stenoglottis (Orchideae, Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae)
Phytotaxa 456 (3): 219–243 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.456.3.1 A taxonomic revision of Stenoglottis (Orchideae, Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) DEAN P. PHILLIPS1,2,3 & BENNY BYTEBIER1,4 1 Bews Herbarium, Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa. 2 Current address: Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. 3 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-5081 4 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4661-5727 Abstract Based on a published morphological and phylogenetic analysis, species delimitation in Stenoglottis is here revised, and five species (six taxa) are now recognized: S. fimbriata (with two varieties), S. longifolia, S. inandensis, S. woodii, and S. macloughlinii. Stenoglottis fimbriata subsp. saxicola and S. zambesiaca are synonymised here with S. fimbriata, S. modesta is reduced in rank to S. fimbriata var. modesta and S. molweniensis is synonymised with S. longifolia. The three spurred species, S. inandensis, S. woodii and S. macloughlinii, are retained. We include revised descriptions, diagnoses and a morphological key, in which characteristics of the floral spurs, labella, leaves, bracts, and auricles contribute most clearly to distinguishing the taxa. Distributions maps and photos showing important diagnostic characters and morphological variation are also presented. Introduction Stenoglottis Lindley (1837: 209) is a small genus of orchids endemic to continental Africa, with a distribution extending from its centre of diversity in the summer rainfall regions of eastern South Africa to the southern highlands of Tanzania. -
Growing Rare Plants: a Practical Handbook on Propagating the Threatened Plants of Southern Africa
GROWINGGROWING RARERARE PLANTSPLANTS a practical handbook on propagating the threatened plants of southern Africa GROWINGGROWING RARERARE PLANTSPLANTS a practical handbook on propagating the threatened plants of southern Africa by Geoff Nichols with contributions by Mike Bingham, Neville Brown, John and Sandie Burrows, Gareth Chittenden, Neil Crouch, Graham Duncan, Trevor Edwards, Mark Gillmer, Anthony Hitchcock, Isabel Johnson, Alex Manana, Gavin Macdonald, Ian Oliver, Koos Roux, Guy Upfold, Ernst van Jaarsveld, Deon Viljoen, and Werner Voigt Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 36 •2005• Recommended citation format NICHOLS, G. 2005. Growing rare plants: a practical handbook on propagating the threatened plants of southern Africa. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 36. SABONET, Pretoria. Citation of special features and quotations JOHNSON, I. & TARR, B. 2005. Gerbera aurantiaca: The Hilton daisy. In G. Nichols, Growing rare plants: a practical hand- book on propagating the threatened plants of southern Africa. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 36. SABONET, Pretoria. pp. 78–79. Produced and published by Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET) c/o South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, 0001, Pretoria and Etwekwini Municipality Parks, Leisure & Cemeteries Department Parks, Recreation & Culture Unit P O Box 3740 Durban 4000 Printed in 2005 in the Republic of South Africa by Capture Press, Pretoria, (27) 12 349-1802 ISBN 1-919976-17-5 © 2005 SABONET. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission of the copyright holder. Editor-in-chief: Marthina Mössmer Subeditors: Lidia Gibson, Hanlie van Heerden and Alexis Symonds Text design and layout: Suzanne Olivier, Antworks Layout and Design, Pretoria Cover design: Suzanne Olivier, Antworks Layout and Design Front cover: Back cover: Photo credits: All photographs © 2005 Geoff Nichols, except where noted otherwise in captions. -
March 2009 & Quarterlynewsletterof Theclivia
ISSN 1819-1460 & QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER OF THE CLIVIA SOCIETY& VOLUME 18 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2009 THE OBJECTIVES OF THE CLIVIA SOCIETY 1. To coordinate the interests, activities and objectives of constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 2. To participate in activities for the protection and conservation of the genus Clivia in its natural habitat, thereby advance the protection of the natural habitats and naturally occurring populations of the genus Clivia in accordance with the laws and practices of conservation; 3. To promote the cultivation, conservation and improvement of the genus Clivia by 3.1 the exchange and mutual dissemination of information amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 3.2 where possible, the mutual exchange of plants, seed and pollen amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; and 3.3 the mutual distribution of specialised knowledge and expertise amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 4. To promote the progress of and increase in knowledge of the genus Clivia and to advance it by enabling research to be done and by the accumulation of data and dissemination thereof amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 5. To promote interest in and knowledge of the genus Clivia amongst the general public; and 6. To do all such things as may be necessary and appropriate for the promotion of the abovementioned objectives. CLIVIA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS & CHAIR Johan Spies PO Box 17195, Bainsvlei 9338, South Africa Cell 084 5478825 E-mail: [email protected] -
A New Species of Ornithocephalus (Orchidaceae) from Colombia with Notes on National Genus Representatives
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Wulfenia Jahr/Year: 2019 Band/Volume: 26 Autor(en)/Author(s): Szlachetko Dariusz L., Kolanowska Marta Artikel/Article: A new species of Ornithocephalus (Orchidaceae) from Colombia with notes on national genus representatives 141-146 Wulfenia 26 (2019): 141–146 Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt A new species of Ornithocephalus (Orchidaceae) from Colombia with notes on national genus representatives Dariusz L. Szlachetko & Marta Kolanowska Summary: A new species of the orchid genus Ornithocephalus, O. leslie-garayi, is described and illustrated based on Colombian material. The novelty resembles O. kruegeri and O. caveroi. It differs from the former by the lip being strongly constricted between hypo- and epichile, the hypochile being ornamented with glandular, fleshy hairs exclusively in the basal part, the presence of the callus in shape of inverted ‘U’ in the lip hypochile and the suborbicular-transversely elliptic lip epichile, which is not apiculate. The new entity can be separated from its Peruvian congener O. caveroi by having about twice smaller flowers, different lip callus, epichile covered by fleshy glandular hairs (vs hirsute) and less bristle sepals and floral bracts. A key to identify Colombian Ornithocephalus representatives is provided. Keywords: biodiversity, Neotropics, new species, sp. nov., Oncidiinae, Ornithocephalus The orchid genus Ornithocephalus Hook. was described in 1824 based on a plant collected in Trinidad and named O. gladiatus Hook. Hooker did not compare the newly established taxon to any known representative of Orchidaceae. Pfitzer (1887) classified Ornithocephalus within ‘Odontoglosseae’, but Schlechter (1915) separated Ornithocephalus and the six other genera Hofmeisterella Rchb. -
Leaf Anatomical Characters of Four Epiphytic Orchids of Sempu Island, East Java, Indonesia: the Importance in Identification and Ecological Adaptation
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 19, Number 5, September 2018 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 1906-1918 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190543 Leaf anatomical characters of four epiphytic orchids of Sempu Island, East Java, Indonesia: The importance in identification and ecological adaptation RIDESTI RINDYASTUTI, SITI NURFADILAH, APRIYONO RAHADIANTORO, LIA HAPSARI, ILHAM KURNIA ABYWIJAYA Purwodadi Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Raya Surabaya-Malang, Km. 65, Purwodadi, Pasuruan 67163, East Java, Indonesia Tel./fax.: +62 343-615033. Email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 9 May 2018. Revision accepted: 26 September 2018. Abstract. Rindyastuti R, Nurfadilah S, Rahadiantoro A, Hapsari L, Abywijaya IK. 2018. Leaf anatomical characters of four epiphytic orchids of Sempu Island, East Java, Indonesia: The importance in identification and ecological adaptation. Biodiversitas 19: 1906- 1918. Leaf anatomy features are important characters to support species identification and classification, and they are related to ecological adaptation of species. The aims of the present study were: (i) to investigate leaf anatomical characters of four epiphytic orchids of Sempu Island (Ascochilus emarginatus, Dendrobium subulatum, Thrixspermum subulatum, and Thrixspermum acuminatissimum) in relation to the significance in species identification and ecological adaptation in coastal habitats of Sempu Island, (ii) to compare the adaptive ability of the four species in coastal habitats based on adaptive anatomical characters. The procedure of leaf anatomical studies as follows: orchid leaves were fixed in ethanol 70% and sliced into thin pieces with a microtome, and stained with 1% Safranin. The leaf anatomical organization of orchids (stomata, epidermis, mesophyll, vascular bundles, and other characters such as hypodermis, fibre bundles, raphide bundles, and spiral thickenings) was observed under light microscope. -
An Updated Checklist of the Orchidaceae of Panama
LANKESTERIANA 14(1): 135—364. 2014. AN UPDATED CHECKLIST OF THE ORCHIDACEAE OF PANAMA DIEGO BOGARÍN1,2,4, ZULEIKA SERRACÍN2, ZABDY SAMUDIO2, RAFAEL RINCÓN2 & FRANCO PUPULIN1,3 1 Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica. P.O. Box 302-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica, A.C. 2 Herbario UCH, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, 0427, David, Chiriquí, Panama 3 Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, FL, U.S.A. 4 Author for correspondence: [email protected] AbstRACT. The Orchidaceae is one of the most diverse vascular plant families in the Neotropics and the most diverse in Panama. The number of species is triple that of other well-represented families of angiosperms such as Rubiaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. Despite its importance in terms of diversity, the latest checklist was published ten years ago and the latest in-depth taxonomic treatments were published in 1949 and 1993. The accumulation of information over the years and the need to update the nomenclature and to clarify taxonomic concepts made necessary the publication of an up-dated checklist of the Orchidaceae of Panama. This checklist was completed by studying specimens strictly collected in Panama and vouchered in herbaria. Species are presented alphabetically with their synonyms and herbarium vouchers. The data were analyzed to explain the patterns of geographic distribution, most diverse taxa, endemism, exotic species and relationships with other nearby floras. The checklist contains 1365 species (including two natural hybrids and three subspecies) in four subfamilies, 16 tribes, 27 subtribes and 187 genera. Four exotic species were recorded.