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Larval Dispersal Behaviour and Survival on Non-Prey Food of The
Ecological Entomology (2018), 43, 578–590 DOI: 10.1111/een.12636 Dealing with food shortage: larval dispersal behaviour and survival on non-prey food of the hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus ILKA VOSTEEN,∗ JONATHAN GERSHENZON and GRIT KUNERT Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany Abstract. 1. Predatory larvae often have to face food shortages during their develop- ment, and thus the ability to disperse and find new feeding sites is crucial for survival. However, the dispersal capacity of predatory larvae, the host finding cues employed, and their use of alternative food sources are largely unknown. These aspects of the foraging behaviour of the aphidophagous hoverfly (Episyrphus balteatus De Geer) larvae were investigated in the present study. 2. It was shown that these hoverfly larvae do not leave a plant as long as there are aphids available, but that dispersing larvae are able to find other aphid colonies in the field. Dispersing hoverfly larvae accumulated on large aphid colonies, but did not distinguish between different pea aphid race–plant species combinations. Large aphid colonies might be easier to detect because of intensified searching by hoverfly larvae following the encounter of aphid cues like honeydew that accumulate around large colonies. 3. It was further shown that non-prey food, such as diluted honey or pollen, was insufficient for hoverfly larvae to gain weight, but prolonged the survival of thelarvae compared with unfed individuals. As soon as larvae were switched back to an aphid diet, they rapidly gained weight and some pupated after a few days. Although pupation and adult hatching rates were strongly reduced compared with hoverflies continuously fed with aphids, the consumption of non-prey food most probably increases the probability that hoverfly larvae find an aphid colony and complete their development. -
The Genus Brassavola, (L.) R.Br
The Genus Brassavola, (L.) R.Br. in W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 216 (1813) Type: Brassavola [B.] cucullata [bra-SAH-vo-la kyoo-kyoo-LAH-ta] There are 28 species (OrchidWiz [update Dec 2017]) that are epiphytes and sometimes lithophytes at elevations of from sea level to 3300 ft (1000 m) from Mexico, southern Caribbean islands to northern Argentina in moist or wet montane forests, mangroves, rocky crevices and cliff faces. They are most fragrant at night and many with a citrus smell. The genus is characterized by very small pencil-like pseudobulbs, often forming large clumps; a single, fleshy, apical, sub-terete leaf and the inflorescence produced form the apex of the pseudobulb. The inflorescence carries from a single to a few large flowers. The floral characteristics are elongate narrow similar sepals and petals, the base of the lip usually tightly rolled around at least a portion of the column which carries 12, sometimes eight unequal pollina with prominent opaque caudicles. The flowers usually occur, as a rule, in spring, summer and fall. The flowers are generally yellow to greenish white with a mostly white lip. It is not unusual for dark spots, usually purple, to be in the region where the sepals, petals, and lip join the stem (claw). This spotting is a dominant generic trait in Brassavola nodose. They are easily cultivated under intermediate conditions. Although this is a relatively small genus (28 species), the species show an unusually close relationship with one another in their floral patterns, coloration, and column structure making identification difficult, key to know where the plants were collected. -
Ysadhora Gomes De Lima
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ACRE PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E MANEJO DE RECURSOS NATURAIS ESTRATIFICAÇÃO VERTICAL DE ABELHAS DAS ORQUÍDEAS (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE: EUGLOSSINA) EM DOIS ESTÁGIOS SUCESSIONAIS DE UMA FLORESTA TROPICAL NA AMAZÔNIA SUL- OCIDENTAL, BRASIL Ysadhora Gomes de Lima Rio Branco, Acre Dezembro 2016 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ACRE PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E MANEJO DE RECURSOS NATURAIS ESTRATIFICAÇÃO VERTICAL DE ABELHAS DAS ORQUÍDEAS (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE: EUGLOSSINA) EM DOIS ESTÁGIOS SUCESSIONAIS DE UMA FLORESTA TROPICAL NA AMAZÔNIA SUL- OCIDENTAL, BRASIL YSADHORA GOMES DE LIMA ORIENTADOR: DR. ELDER FERREIRA MORATO Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais da Universidade Federal do Acre, como um dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestra em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais. Rio Branco, Acre Dezembro 2016 II UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ACRE PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E MANEJO DE RECURSOS NATURAIS Estratificação vertical de abelhas das orquídeas (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) em dois estágios sucessionais de uma floresta tropical na Amazônia Sul-Ocidental, Brasil YSADHORA GOMES DE LIMA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais da Universidade Federal do Acre, como um dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestra em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais. Defendida em 19 de dezembro de 2016 APROVADA POR: Dr. Armando Muniz Calouro _____________________________ Dr. Henrique Augusto Mews _____________________________ Dr. Marcio Luiz de Oliveira ______________________________ Dra. -
Evolution of Anatomical Characters in Acianthera Section Pleurobotryae (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae)
RESEARCH ARTICLE Evolution of anatomical characters in Acianthera section Pleurobotryae (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) Audia Brito Rodrigues de AlmeidaID*, Eric de Camargo SmidtID, Erika Amano Programa de PoÂs-GraduacËão em BotaÃnica, Setor de Ciências BioloÂgicas, Universidade Federal do ParanaÂ, Curitiba, PR, Brazil * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 Acianthera section Pleurobotryae is one of ten sections of the genus Acianthera and include four species endemic to the Atlantic Forest. The objective of this study was to describe com- paratively the anatomy of vegetative organs and floral micromorphology of all species of Acianthera section Pleurobotryae in order to identify diagnostic characters between them OPEN ACCESS and synapomorphies for the section in relation of other sections of the genus. We analyzed Citation: Almeida ABRd, Smidt EdC, Amano E roots, ramicauls, leaves and flowers of 15 species, covering eight of the nine sections of (2019) Evolution of anatomical characters in Acianthera section Pleurobotryae (Orchidaceae: Acianthera, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Acianthera section Pleurothallidinae). PLoS ONE 14(3): e0212677. Pleurobotryae is a monophyletic group and the cladistic analyses of anatomical and flower https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212677 micromorphology data, combined with molecular data, support internal relationship hypoth- Editor: Suzannah Rutherford, Fred Hutchinson eses among the representatives of this section. The synapomorphies identified for A. sect. Cancer Research Center, UNITED STATES Pleurobotryae are based on leaf anatomy: unifacial leaves, round or elliptical in cross-sec- Received: August 24, 2018 tion, round leaves with vascular bundles organized in concentric circles, and mesophyll with Accepted: February 7, 2019 28 to 30 cell layers. -
Phylogenetic Relationships of Discyphus Scopulariae
Phytotaxa 173 (2): 127–139 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.2.3 Phylogenetic relationships of Discyphus scopulariae (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences: evidence supporting recognition of a new subtribe, Discyphinae GERARDO A. SALAZAR1, CÁSSIO VAN DEN BERG2 & ALEX POPOVKIN3 1Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-367, 04510 México, Distrito Federal, México; E-mail: [email protected] 2Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s.n., 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil 3Fazenda Rio do Negro, Entre Rios, Bahia, Brazil Abstract The monospecific genus Discyphus, previously considered a member of Spiranthinae (Orchidoideae: Cranichideae), displays both vegetative and floral morphological peculiarities that are out of place in that subtribe. These include a single, sessile, cordate leaf that clasps the base of the inflorescence and lies flat on the substrate, petals that are long-decurrent on the column, labellum margins free from sides of the column and a column provided with two separate, cup-shaped stigmatic areas. Because of its morphological uniqueness, the phylogenetic relationships of Discyphus have been considered obscure. In this study, we analyse nucleotide sequences of plastid and nuclear DNA under maximum parsimony -
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by the Andean People of Canta, Lima, Peru
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266388116 Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Andean people of Canta, Lima, Peru Article in Journal of Ethnopharmacology · June 2007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.018 CITATIONS READS 38 30 3 authors, including: Percy Amilcar Pollito University of São Paulo 56 PUBLICATIONS 136 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Percy Amilcar Pollito on 14 November 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 111 (2007) 284–294 Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Andean people of Canta, Lima, Peru Horacio De-la-Cruz a,∗, Graciela Vilcapoma b, Percy A. Zevallos c a Facultad de Ciencias Biol´ogicas, Universidad Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Lambayeque, Peru b Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru c Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru Received 14 June 2006; received in revised form 15 November 2006; accepted 19 November 2006 Available online 2 December 2006 Abstract A survey aiming to document medicinal plant uses was performed in Canta Province Lima Department, in the Peruvians Andes of Peru. Hundred and fifty people were interviewed. Enquiries and informal personal conversations were used to obtain information. Informants were men and women over 30 years old, who work in subsistence agriculture and cattle farming, as well as herbalist. -
Ecology and Ex Situ Conservation of Vanilla Siamensis (Rolfe Ex Downie) in Thailand
Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Chaipanich, Vinan Vince (2020) Ecology and Ex Situ Conservation of Vanilla siamensis (Rolfe ex Downie) in Thailand. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis, University of Kent,. DOI Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/85312/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html Ecology and Ex Situ Conservation of Vanilla siamensis (Rolfe ex Downie) in Thailand By Vinan Vince Chaipanich November 2020 A thesis submitted to the University of Kent in the School of Anthropology and Conservation, Faculty of Social Sciences for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract A loss of habitat and climate change raises concerns about change in biodiversity, in particular the sensitive species such as narrowly endemic species. Vanilla siamensis is one such endemic species. -
Vascular Epiphytic Medicinal Plants As Sources of Therapeutic Agents: Their Ethnopharmacological Uses, Chemical Composition, and Biological Activities
biomolecules Review Vascular Epiphytic Medicinal Plants as Sources of Therapeutic Agents: Their Ethnopharmacological Uses, Chemical Composition, and Biological Activities Ari Satia Nugraha 1,* , Bawon Triatmoko 1 , Phurpa Wangchuk 2 and Paul A. Keller 3,* 1 Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember, Jawa Timur 68121, Indonesia; [email protected] 2 Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; [email protected] 3 School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.S.N.); [email protected] (P.A.K.); Tel.: +62-3-3132-4736 (A.S.N.); +61-2-4221-4692 (P.A.K.) Received: 17 December 2019; Accepted: 21 January 2020; Published: 24 January 2020 Abstract: This is an extensive review on epiphytic plants that have been used traditionally as medicines. It provides information on 185 epiphytes and their traditional medicinal uses, regions where Indigenous people use the plants, parts of the plants used as medicines and their preparation, and their reported phytochemical properties and pharmacological properties aligned with their traditional uses. These epiphytic medicinal plants are able to produce a range of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, and a total of 842 phytochemicals have been identified to date. As many as 71 epiphytic medicinal plants were studied for their biological activities, showing promising pharmacological activities, including as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. There are several species that were not investigated for their activities and are worthy of exploration. -
Masterarbeit/Master's Thesis
MASTERARBEIT/MASTER’S THESIS Titel der Masterarbeit / Title of the Master‘s Thesis „Bestäubungsbiologie ausgewählter Anthurium und Spathiphyllum Arten (Araceae) im südwestlichen Costa Rica“ verfasst von / submitted by Norbert Elek, BSc angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (MSc) Wien, 2020 / Vienna, 2020 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / UA 066 879 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Masterstudium degree programme as it appears on Naturschutz- und Biodiversitätsmanagement the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Jürg Schönenberger Danksagung Ich möchte an dieser Stelle all jenen meine Danksagung widmen, die mich durch ihre fachliche sowie persönliche Unterstützung bei der Erstellung dieser wissenschaftlichen Arbeit tatkräftig motiviert haben. Ohne ihre Mithilfe waäre diese Masterarbeit nicht zustande gekommen. Mein Dank gilt meinem Betreuer Prof. Jürg Schönenberger, der es mir ermöglicht hat, an diesem interessanten Thema zu arbeiten und mir somit einen Einblick in die Welt der strukturellen und funktionellen Botanik ermöglicht hat. Dies gilt auch für die freundliche, wertschätzende und zuvorkommende Art, die er mir immer entgegengebracht hatte. Ein besonders großer Dank gilt meinem Mentor und Freund Florian Etl, für die wertvolle Unterstützung bei meiner Masterarbeit. Mit seiner Hilfsbereitschaft, seiner Geduld, dem Engagement und den kreativen Ideen unterstützte er mich durchgehend bei der Anfertigung meiner Arbeit. Er stand mir mit seinen fachlichen Anregungen, wertvollen Tipps, seinem Rat sowie vielen konstruktiven Verbesserungsvorschlägen immer zur Seite. Dafür möchte ich mich herzlich bei ihm bedanken. Des Weiteren möchte ich mich auch bei Paulo Milet-Pinheiro und Katharina Brandt für die sehr schöne Zeit und gute Zusammenarbeit in La Gamba bedanken sowie auch für ihre Unterstützung bei der statistischen Analyse meiner Daten. -
Orchid Historical Biogeography, Diversification, Antarctica and The
Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2016) ORIGINAL Orchid historical biogeography, ARTICLE diversification, Antarctica and the paradox of orchid dispersal Thomas J. Givnish1*, Daniel Spalink1, Mercedes Ames1, Stephanie P. Lyon1, Steven J. Hunter1, Alejandro Zuluaga1,2, Alfonso Doucette1, Giovanny Giraldo Caro1, James McDaniel1, Mark A. Clements3, Mary T. K. Arroyo4, Lorena Endara5, Ricardo Kriebel1, Norris H. Williams5 and Kenneth M. Cameron1 1Department of Botany, University of ABSTRACT Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, Aim Orchidaceae is the most species-rich angiosperm family and has one of USA, 2Departamento de Biologıa, the broadest distributions. Until now, the lack of a well-resolved phylogeny has Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 3Centre for Australian National Biodiversity prevented analyses of orchid historical biogeography. In this study, we use such Research, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, a phylogeny to estimate the geographical spread of orchids, evaluate the impor- 4Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, tance of different regions in their diversification and assess the role of long-dis- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, tance dispersal (LDD) in generating orchid diversity. 5 Santiago, Chile, Department of Biology, Location Global. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Methods Analyses use a phylogeny including species representing all five orchid subfamilies and almost all tribes and subtribes, calibrated against 17 angiosperm fossils. We estimated historical biogeography and assessed the -
Redalyc."Status" De Conservación De Las Especies Vegetales Silvestres De
Ecología Aplicada ISSN: 1726-2216 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Perú Cruz Silva, Horacio de la; Zevallos Pollito, Percy A.; Vilcapoma Segovia, Graciela "Status" de conservación de las especies vegetales silvestres de uso tradicional en la Provincia de Canta, Lima-Perú. Ecología Aplicada, vol. 4, núm. 1-2, diciembre, 2005, pp. 9-16 Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima, Perú Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=34100202 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Ecología Aplicada, 4(1,2), 2005 Presentado: 03/11/2005 ISSN 1726-2216 Aceptado: 05/11/2005 Depósito legal 2002-5474 © Departamento Académico de Biología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima – Perú. “STATUS” DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LAS ESPECIES VEGETALES SILVESTRES DE USO TRADICIONAL EN LA PROVINCIA DE CANTA, LIMA–PERÚ CONSERVATION "STATUS" OF THE WILD VEGETAL SPECIES OF TRADITIONAL USE IN THE PROVINCE OF CANTA, LIMA-PERU Horacio De la Cruz Silva1, Percy A. Zevallos Pollito2 y Graciela Vilcapoma Segovia3 Resumen Se determinó el status de conservación de 104 especies de uso tradicional de la provincia de Canta-Lima. El estudio se desarrollo en los años de 2003, 2004 y 2005, siguiendo la metodología del CDC (1991) y UICN (1998 & 2002) modificadas para las condiciones de la región y del Perú. Las variables tomadas en consideración fueron: distribución geográfica, abundancia, antigüedad de colecciones, localización en áreas expuestas extrativismo, endemismo, confinamiento, presencia en unidades de conservación y protección in situ. -
Appendix 2 Flora and Vegetation Assessment
FLORA AND VEGETATION ASSESSMENT OF CLOVERDALE LEASE AREA Prepared for: Iluka Resources Ltd Prepared by: Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd December 2005 MATTISKE CONSULTING PTY LTD IRL0508/214/05 Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. SUMMARY .....................................................................................................................................1 2. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2 2.1 Declared Rare, Priority and Threatened Species...............................................................................2 2.2 Wetlands............................................................................................................................................4 2.3 Local and Regional Significance.......................................................................................................5 2.4 Vegetation .........................................................................................................................................5 2.5 Threatened Ecological Communities ................................................................................................6 3. OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................................7 4. METHODS ......................................................................................................................................7 5. RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................8