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OPERATION REDWING 410881 Project 2.63 Characterization of Fallout

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OPERATION REDWING 410881 Project 2.63 Characterization of Fallout WT-1317 (EX) EXTRACTED VERSION OPERATION REDWING 410881 Project 2.63 Characterization of Fallout Pacific Proving Grounds May-July 1956 Headquarters Field Command Defense Atomic Support Agency 9 ndia Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico March 15, 1961 NOTICE This isan extraciof WT-1317, which remains classifiedSECRET/RESTRICTED DATA as of thisdate. Extractversionpreparedfor: Director DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY Washington, D.C. 20305 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 1 JUNE 1982 uNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS pAGE (~~n D=j- Em(-dj . READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM \ REPoRT HUUDER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. Recipients CATALOG MuMEER WT-1317 (EX) OF 41.TITLE (rnd SubtMi@ 5. TYPE REPORT h PERIOO COVERED Operation REDWING - Project 2.63, Characterization of Fallout 4. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NuH8ER WT-1317 (EX) 7‘.AUTHOR(-) . CONTRACT ORGRAMT MUUmCrV@ T. Triffet, Project Officer P. D. LaRiviere #).PERFORMING oRGANIZATION NAt4E ANO AOOUESS 10. PROGRAM ELEuENT.PROJCCT. TASK bREA k WtiRK UNIT NuMBERS US Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory San Francisco, California II1.COMTROLLINGOFFICE NAME ANO AODRESS 12. REPORT OATE Headquarters, Field Command March 15, 1961 Defense Atomic Support Agency !1.NI.IMSEROF PAGES Sandia Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 7 14. MONITORING AG’ENCY NAME k AOORESS(i/d,l/errnf I?om Controllh# O/lIc.) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (0/ fhlo foPorfJ UNCLASSIFIED 1S., DECLASSIFICATION/OOWNGRAOIMG SCHEOULE ItS. OtSTRIBUTION STATEMENT (Of this R9P0?tj Approved for public release; unlimited distribution. 1:7. 01ST R18UTION STATEMENT (o( ?h~ ●b.tra. t ●fr,-dfn 8tock 20. {/ dfff.r-f horn R-port) 140. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES This report has had the classified information removed and has been republished in unclassified form for public release. This work was performed by Kaman Tempo under contract DNAO01-79-C-0455 with the close cooperation of the Classification Management Division of the Defense Nuclear Agency. tgB.KCY wOROS (C~tinu9 of! revwrne ●ld. iin.c.aa~ rnd Id.nflly by block numb.rl Operation REDWING Fallout Surface Radiation 2Co. ASsTRAcT (Crnt#... rnw.r.r.. .J*l/n.c...~rndlfffybyyby bl-k n-b-) The general objective was tO o)btain data sufficient to characterize the fallout, interpret the aerial and oceano- 9graphic survey results, and check fallout-model theory for Shots Cherokee, Zuni, F‘lathead, Navajo, and Tewa during Operation REDWING. Detailed measurements of fall- oJut buildup were planned. Measurements of radiation characteristics and physical, c:hemical, and radiochemical properties of individual solid and slurry particles and t:otal cloud and fallout samples were also planned, along with determinations of the s;urface densities of activity and environmental components in the fallout at each mfiajorstation. - ----- EDITION 06 1 Nov4SlSofJSOLETE DD ,;::;3 1473 UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS pAGE (*- D-~En~-o@ FOREWORD This report has had classified material removed in order to make the information available on an unclassified, open publication basis, to any interested parties. This effort to declassify this report has been accomplished specifically to support the Department of Defense Nuclear Test Personnel Review (NTPR) Program. The objective is to facilitate studies of the low levels of radiation received by some individuals during the atmospheric nuclear test program by making as much information as possible available to all interested parties. The material which has been deleted is all currently classified as Restricted Data or Formerly Restricted Data under the provision of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, (as amended) or is National Security Information. This report has been reproduced directly from available copies of the original material. The locations from which material has been deleted is generally obvious by the spacings and “holes” in the text. Thus the context of the material deleted is identified to assist the reader in the determination of whether the deleted information is germane to his study. It is the belief of the individuals who have participated in preparing this report by deleting the classified material and of the Defense Nuclear Agency that the report accurately portrays the contents of the original and that the deleted material is of little or no significance to studies into the amounts or types of radiation received by any individuals during the atmospheric nuclear test program. ABSTRACT The general objective was to obtain data sufficient to characterize the fallout, interpret the aer id and oceanographic survey results, and check fallout-model theory for Shots Cherokee, Zuni, Flathead, Navajo, and Tewa during Operation Redwing. Detailed measurementsof fwo~t buildup were planned. Measurements of the radiation characteristics and physical, chemical, and radiochemical properties of individual solid and slurry particles and total cloud and fallout samples were also planned, along with determinations of the surface densities of activity and environmental components in the fallout at each major station. Standardized instruments and instrument arrays were used at a varietj of stations which included three ships, two barges, three rafts, thirteen to seventeen deep-anchored skiffs, and four islands at Bikini Atoll. Total and incremental fallout collectors and gamma time-intensity recorders were featured in the field instrumentation. Special laboratory facilities for early- time studies were established aboard one ship. A number of buried trays with related survey markers were located in a cleared area at one of the island stations. Instrument failures were few, and a large amount of data was obtained. This report summarizes the times and rates of arrival, times of peak and cessation, mass- arrival rates, particle-size variation with time, ocean-penetration rates, solid- and slurry- particle characteristics, activity and fraction of device deposited per unit area, surface densi- ties of chemical components, radionuclide compositions with corrections for fractionation and induced activities, and photon and air- ionization decay rates. A number of pertinent correla- tions are also presented: predicted and observed fallout patterns are compared, sampling bias is analyzed, gross-product decay is discussed in relation to the t- ‘-2 rule, fraction-of-device calculations based on chemical and radiochemical analyses are given, the relationship of film- dosimeter dose to gamma time-intensity integral is considered, a comparison is made between effects computed from radiochemistry and gamma spectrometry, air-sampling measurements are interpreted, and the fallout effects are studied in relation to variations in the ratio of fission yield to total yield. Some of the more-important general conclusions are summarized below: The air burst of Shot Cherokee produced no fallout of military significance. Fallout-pattern locations and times of arrival were adequately predicted by model theory. Activity-arrival-rate curves for water- surface and land- surface shots were similar, and were well correlated in time with local-field ionization rates. Particle- size distributions from land- surface shots varied continuously with time at each station, with the concentration and average size appearing to peak near time-of-peak radiation rate; the diameters of barge- shot fwout droplets, on the other hand, remained remarkably constant in diameter at the ship stations. Gross physical and chemical characteristics of the solid fallout particles proved much the same as those for Shot Mike dwing Operation Ivy ad Shot Bravo during Operation Castle. New information was obtained, however, relating the radiochemical and physical characteristics of individtil particles. Activity was found to vw roughly as the square of the diameter for irreg- ular particles, ad as some power greater than the cube of the diameter for spheroi~ particles. Fallout from barge shots consisted of slurry droplets, which were composed of water, sea salts, and radioactive solid particles. The latter were spherical, generally less than 1 micron in diameter, and consisted mainly of oxides of calcium and iron. At the ship locations, the solid particles contained most of the activity associated with the slurry droplets; close in, how- ever, most of the activity was in soluble form. Bulk rate of penetration of f~lout in the ocean was, under several restrictions, similar for both solid and slurry particles. Estimates are !@wn of the amount of activity which may have 5 been lost below the thermocline for the fast-settling fraction of solid-particle fallout. Fractionation of radionuclides from Shot Zuni was severe while that from Shot Tewa was moderate; Shots Flathead and Navajo were nearly unfractiomted. Tables are provided, incor- porating fractionation corrections where necessary, which a~ow the ready calculation of infinite- field ionization rates, and the contribution of individual induced activities to the total ionization rate. Best estimates are given of the amount of activity deposited per unit area at all sampling stations. Estimates of accuracy are included for the major stations. This report presents the finaLresu.lts of one Oftheprojects participating in the military-effect programs of Operation Redwing. Overall in.formatiori about this and the other military-effect projects can be obtained from WT– 1344, the “Summary Report of the Commander, Task Unit 3.” This technical summary includes: (1) tables listing each detonation with its yield, type, environment, meteorological conditions, etc.
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