The Flags of Florida History
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Music and the American Civil War
“LIBERTY’S GREAT AUXILIARY”: MUSIC AND THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR by CHRISTIAN MCWHIRTER A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2009 Copyright Christian McWhirter 2009 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT Music was almost omnipresent during the American Civil War. Soldiers, civilians, and slaves listened to and performed popular songs almost constantly. The heightened political and emotional climate of the war created a need for Americans to express themselves in a variety of ways, and music was one of the best. It did not require a high level of literacy and it could be performed in groups to ensure that the ideas embedded in each song immediately reached a large audience. Previous studies of Civil War music have focused on the music itself. Historians and musicologists have examined the types of songs published during the war and considered how they reflected the popular mood of northerners and southerners. This study utilizes the letters, diaries, memoirs, and newspapers of the 1860s to delve deeper and determine what roles music played in Civil War America. This study begins by examining the explosion of professional and amateur music that accompanied the onset of the Civil War. Of the songs produced by this explosion, the most popular and resonant were those that addressed the political causes of the war and were adopted as the rallying cries of northerners and southerners. All classes of Americans used songs in a variety of ways, and this study specifically examines the role of music on the home-front, in the armies, and among African Americans. -
VOLUME 1, ISSUE 3 MARCH—MAY, 2010 IRISHMAN of the YEAR the Louisiana State Board of Federal Narcotics Enforcement the Ancient Order of Hiber- Taskforce
THE CRESCENT HARP THE ANCIENT ORDER OF HIBERNIANS IN LOUISIANA VOLUME 1, ISSUE 3 MARCH—MAY, 2010 IRISHMAN OF THE YEAR The Louisiana State Board of Federal Narcotics Enforcement the Ancient Order of Hiber- taskforce. Upon his retire- nians, Philip M. Hannan, Car- ment from the Police Depart- dinal Gibbons, Acadian, and ment, he has continued to Republic of West Florida Divi- serve on the board of the Po- sions proudly announce Joseph lice Federal Credit Union. James Cronin Sr. as Irishman Cronin is a member of the of the Year for 2010. A re- Veterans of Foreign Wars Post FOLLOW THE LOUISIANA tired longshoreman and vet- 6640 and American Legion AOH ON-LINE eran of the New Orleans Po- Post 267. He is a parishioner www.aohla.com lice Department, Brother Cro- at St. Benilde Church in Met- FACEBOOK nin was born in New Orleans airie where he was recently Louisiana State Board of in 1924, the son of the late honoured as a senior great- the Ancient Order of Hibernians Michael R. Cronin and Alice grandfather. McMullen Cronin. A native of Cronin was married to the UPCOMING EVENTS: the Irish Channel, he attended Navy Seabees from 1943-46. late Hilda Conzonire Cronin Redemptorist School and is a Upon his return from the from 1942 to 1960 and is cur- Irish Channel 1943 graduate of St. Aloysius war, Cronin joined the Clerks rently married to the former St. Patrick’s Day High School where he was Local Longshoreman’s Union Judy Whitney since 1963. He Mass and Parade named second team All-Prep Number 1497 and then gradu- is the father of six children, SATURDAY, MARCH 13 as a member of the football ated from the New Orleans twelve grandchildren, and two 12 noon team. -
Six Flags of Texas
SIX FLAGS OF TEXAS 1685–1689 French flag possibly used by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, during the French colonization of Texas 1690–1785 State flag and ensign of New Spain, also known as the Cross of Burgundy flag 1785–1820 Spanish state flag on land 1821–1823 Flag of the first Mexican Empire 1823–1836 First flag of the Mexican Republic, flown over soil claimed by Mexico until the Texas Revolution 1836–1839; 1839–1879 The "Burnet Flag," used from December 1836 to 1839 as the national flag of the Republic of Texas until it was replaced by the currently used "Lone Star Flag"; it was the de jure war flag from then until 1879 1839–1845/1846 Republic of Texas national flag from 1839-1845/1846 (identical to modern state flag) 1845–1861, 1865–present US flag in 1846 when Texas became part of the Union 1861–1865 CS flag in 1861 when Texas became a part of the Confederacy (for further CS flags, see CS flag: National flags) Secession flags of Texas, 1861[ In early 1861, between the secession of Texas from the U.S. and its accession to the Confederacy, Texas flew an unofficial, variant flag of Texas with fifteen stars, representing the fifteen states. No drawings exist of the flag, there are only imprecise descriptions. The flag may have been based on the state flag or the Bonnie Blue Flag.[23] Possible secession flag based on the state flag Possible secession flag based on the Bonnie Blue Flag State flag over Texas 1845–present Flag of the State of Texas in the United States of America TH BATTLE FLAG OF THE 4 TEXAS The 4th Texas carried two different battle flags during the Civil War. -
A Short History of Florida
A Short History of MUSEUM OF FLORIDA HISTORY tiger, mastodon, giant armadillo, and camel) roamed the land. The Florida coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico was very different 12,000 years ago. The sea level was A Short History much lower than it is today. As a result, the Florida peninsula was more than twice as large as it is now. The people who inhabited early Florida were hunters and gatherers and only occasionally sought big game. Their diets consisted mainly of Florida of small animals, plants, nuts, and shellfish. The first Floridians settled in areas where a steady water supply, good stone resources for Featured on front cover (left to right) tool-making, and firewood were available. • Juan Ponce de León, Spanish explorer, 1513 Over the centuries, these native people • Osceola, Seminole war leader, 1838 developed complex cultures. • David Levy Yulee, first U.S. senator from Florida, 1845 During the period prior to contact • Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune, founder of Bethune-Cookman with Europeans, native societies in the College in Daytona Beach, 1923 peninsula developed cultivated agriculture, trade with other groups in what is now the southeastern United States, and increased social organization, reflected in large temple mounds and village complexes. EUROPEAN EXPLORATION AND COLONIZATION Written records about life in Florida began with the arrival of the Spanish explorer and adventurer Juan Ponce de León in 1513. Florida Indian people preparing a feast, ca. 1565 Sometime between April 2 and April 8, Ponce de León waded ashore on the east coast of Florida, possibly near present- EARLY HUMAN day Melbourne Beach. -
Fort King National Historic Landmark Education Guide 1 Fig5
Ai-'; ~,,111m11l111nO FORTKINO NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK Fig1 EDUCATION GUIDE This guide was made possible by the City of Ocala Florida and the Florida Department of State/Division of Historic Resources WELCOME TO Micanopy WE ARE EXCITED THAT YOU HAVE CHOSEN Fort King National Historic Fig2 Landmark as an education destination to shed light on the importance of this site and its place within the Seminole War. This Education Guide will give you some tools to further educate before and after your visit to the park. The guide gives an overview of the history associated with Fort King, provides comprehension questions, and delivers activities to Gen. Thomas Jesup incorporate into the classroom. We hope that this resource will further Fig3 enrich your educational experience. To make your experience more enjoyable we have included a list of items: • Check in with our Park Staff prior to your scheduled visit to confrm your arrival time and participation numbers. • The experience at Fort King includes outside activities. Please remember the following: » Prior to coming make staff aware of any mobility issues or special needs that your group may have. » Be prepared for the elements. Sunscreen, rain gear, insect repellent and water are recommended. » Wear appropriate footwear. Flip fops or open toed shoes are not recommended. » Please bring lunch or snacks if you would like to picnic at the park before or after your visit. • Be respectful of our park staff, volunteers, and other visitors by being on time. Abraham • Visitors will be exposed to different cultures and subject matter Fig4 that may be diffcult at times. -
Lindsay Onjukka CV 2010 Page 1 CURRICULUM VITAE LINDSAY M.V
Lindsay Onjukka CV 2010 Page 1 CURRICULUM VITAE LINDSAY M.V. ONJUKKA 7922 NW 71st Street Gainesville, FL 32653 [email protected] Education 8/2009-Present Master of Science, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences University of Florida – Gainesville, FL 5/2009 Bachelor of Science, Marine Biology Bachelor of Arts, Psychology Fisheries and Aquaculture Certification University of West Florida – Pensacola, FL Scholarships & Awards 8/2004-5/2009 Florida Medallion Scholars Award The Florida Bright Futures Scholarship Program – State University System of Florida 8/2004-5/2009 Dean’s Honor List, seven semesters Research Experience 8/2009-Present Master’s Thesis, Dr. Cortney Ohs, University of Florida • Fundulus seminolis, a candidate for marine baitfish aquaculture • Proposal: spawning, egg incubation (submersed and out of water), larval grow out, optimal stocking density, larval and egg salinity tolerance 8/2009-Present Special Topics, Dr. Denise Petty, University of Florida • Identify common fish parasites • Assist with fish necropsy to determine cause of death • Analyze water quality parameters 6/2009 Dry Tortugas Research Trip, Dr. Christopher Pomory, University of West Florida • Estimated Diadema sp. population on patch reefs near Loggerhead Key • Measured and mapped patch reefs • Estimated substratum rugosity Lindsay Onjukka CV 2010 Page 2 8/2008 Costa Rica Tropical Ecology Field Course, Dr. Karen Prichard, University of West Florida • Studied four unique ecosystems for 10 days in Costa Rica • Attended lectures given by local marine biologist 5-8/2008 Aquaculture Research Internship, Waddell Mariculture Center, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Bluffton, SC • Husbandry of Rachycentron canadum, Morone saxatilis, and Sciaenops ocellatus • Collected and identified zooplankton populations daily • Hatched Artemia salina daily • Collected and analyzed water quality data • Assisted with hatchery plumbing design • Removed otoliths, liver samples, and gonads from R. -
Territorial Florida Castillo De San Marcos National Monument Second Seminole War, 1835-1842 St
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Territorial Florida Castillo de San Marcos National Monument Second Seminole War, 1835-1842 St. Augustine, Florida ( Seminole Indians, c. 1870 Southern Migration The original native inhabitants of Florida had all but disappeared by 1700. European diseases and the losses from nearly constant colonial warfare had reduced the population to a mere handful. Bands from various tribes in the southeastern United States pressured by colonial expansion began moving into the unoccupied lands in Florida. These primarily Creek tribes were called Cimarrones by the Spanish “strays” or “wanderers.” This is the probable origin of the name Seminole. Runaway slaves or “Maroons” also began making their way into Florida where they were regularly granted freedom by the Spanish. Many joined the Indian villages and integrated into the tribes. Early Conflict During the American Revolution the British, who controlled Florida from 1763 to 1784, recruited the Seminoles to raid rebel frontier settlements in Georgia. Both sides engaged in a pattern of border raiding and incursion which continued sporadically even after Florida returned to Spanish control after the war. Despite the formal treaties ending the war the Seminoles remained enemies of the new United States. Growing America At the beginning of the 19th century the rapidly growing American population was pushing onto the frontiers in search of new land. Many eyes turned southward to the Spanish borderlands of Florida and Texas. Several attempts at “filibustering,” private or semi-official efforts to forcibly take territory, occurred along the frontiers. The Patriot War of 1812 was one such failed American effort aimed at taking East Florida. -
Early Settlers in British West Florida
Florida Historical Quarterly Volume 24 Number 1 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 24, Article 8 Issue 1 1945 Early Settlers in British West Florida Clinton N. Howard Part of the American Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Article is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Historical Quarterly by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Howard, Clinton N. (1945) "Early Settlers in British West Florida," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 24 : No. 1 , Article 8. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol24/iss1/8 Howard: Early Settlers in British West Florida EARLY SETTLERS IN BRITISH WEST FLORIDA by CLINTON N. HOWARD The land grant records of the British colony of West Florida comprise a fairly complete census of the population of the colony in the early years. 1 Land was granted by the king-in-council and the governor and council. Grants by the former were presented to the latter for execution in a mandamus. The governor and council in West Florida usually set aside certain days in each month for consideration of petitions for grants of land, so the land grant records of the colony comprise a part of the minutes of the council. The proclamation of 1763 forbade settlement west of the watershed of the Appalachian moun- tains until the plan for the gradual extinction of the Indian title by purchase could be put into operation. -
New Orleans in 1810
New Orleans in 1810 As the Crescent City begins a new decade, it is worthwhile exploring what this glittering gem on the Mississippi was like 210 years ago. 1810 marked seven years after the Louisiana Purchase but two years before Louisiana achieved statehood. The city of Memphis, Tennessee, was not yet founded until nearly a decade later. In fact, that summer was the first public celebration of the Fourth of July in Louisiana at the St. Philip Theatre (Théâtre St. Philippe). Built in 1807 on St. Phillip Street, between Royal and Bourbon streets, the theatre could accommodate 700 people. With a parquette and two rows of boxes, the Théâtre St. Philippe was the rendezvous of all the fashionable people of New Orleans. The gala performance held that July 4, 1810, was in honor of the Declaration of Independence and the proceeds were devoted to the relief of victims of a giant fire on July 1 that had destroyed twenty-five houses. Haitian rebels battle the French in the Saint-Domingue Revolution (1791 – 1804) The revolution in Saint-Domingue brought about the second republic in the Western Hemisphere. Not all were happy or safe with the new leadership, and many Haitian refugees would make their way to New Orleans. The 1809 migration brought 2,731 whites (affranchis), 3,102 free persons of African descent (gens de couleur libres) and 3,226 slaves to the city. While Governor Claiborne and other American officials wanted to prevent the arrival of free black émigrés, French Creoles wanted to increase the French-speaking population. In a few months between 1809 and 1810, 10,000 Saint-Domingue refugees poured into the Territory of Orleans, after they were no longer welcome in Cuba. -
Thank You for Choosing Miami & the Keys Explorer Pass! Need Help
Thank you for choosing Miami & The Keys Explorer Pass! Welcome to sunny South Florida. In addition to white sand beaches and turquoise waters, South Florida features a unique combination of history, art, adventure, and unforgettable fun. The Miami & The Keys Explorer Pass® is your pass to all the best attractions, tours, and activities in Fort Lauderdale, Miami, and The Keys. Choose attractions as you go and take your time. Once you activate your pass by visiting your first attraction, your pass is good for 30 days. Choose from over 20 top attractions, including the Miami Seaquarium, Jungle Island, Big Bus Miami 48 Hour Pass, Duck Tours South Beach, CityView Trolley, Key West Conch Train Tour, a snorkel adventure, and more. Enjoy South Florida, and your #BestVacationEver. This packet contains your admission pass(es) Your pass is required for admission at each attraction. Please print it out, carry it with you and retain it after each visit. How to use your admission pass Every pass has a unique code. A representative at the attraction will scan the code on each traveler’s pass, granting you admission. For special offers at shops and restaurants, show your pass to your server or cashier. Be aware of admission policies Please read attraction information for hours, closings, and special admis- sion instructions. Attractions with the symbol require reservations. Attractions displaying require you to pick up tickets at a separate location. Pass expiration Visiting your first attraction activates your pass. Then, you have 30 calen- dar days to use your pass. You may only visit each attraction once. -
The History of Florida's State Flag the History of Florida's State Flag Robert M
Nova Law Review Volume 18, Issue 2 1994 Article 11 The History of Florida’s State Flag Robert M. Jarvis∗ ∗ Copyright c 1994 by the authors. Nova Law Review is produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress). https://nsuworks.nova.edu/nlr Jarvis: The History of Florida's State Flag The History of Florida's State Flag Robert M. Jarvis* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ........ .................. 1037 II. EUROPEAN DISCOVERY AND CONQUEST ........... 1038 III. AMERICAN ACQUISITION AND STATEHOOD ......... 1045 IV. THE CIVIL WAR .......................... 1051 V. RECONSTRUCTION AND THE END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY ..................... 1056 VI. THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ................... 1059 VII. CONCLUSION ............................ 1063 I. INTRODUCTION The Florida Constitution requires the state to have an official flag, and places responsibility for its design on the State Legislature.' Prior to 1900, a number of different flags served as the state's banner. Since 1900, however, the flag has consisted of a white field,2 a red saltire,3 and the * Professor of Law, Nova University. B.A., Northwestern University; J.D., University of Pennsylvania; LL.M., New York University. 1. "The design of the great seal and flag of the state shall be prescribed by law." FLA. CONST. art. If, § 4. Although the constitution mentions only a seal and a flag, the Florida Legislature has designated many other state symbols, including: a state flower (the orange blossom - adopted in 1909); bird (mockingbird - 1927); song ("Old Folks Home" - 1935); tree (sabal palm - 1.953); beverage (orange juice - 1967); shell (horse conch - 1969); gem (moonstone - 1970); marine mammal (manatee - 1975); saltwater mammal (dolphin - 1975); freshwater fish (largemouth bass - 1975); saltwater fish (Atlantic sailfish - 1975); stone (agatized coral - 1979); reptile (alligator - 1987); animal (panther - 1982); soil (Mayakka Fine Sand - 1989); and wildflower (coreopsis - 1991). -
St Marks Lighthouse
NavigatingNavigating thethe Gulf:Gulf: PastPast && PresentPresent StSt MarksMarks NationalNational WildlifeWildlife RefugeRefuge NavigatingNavigating thethe Gulf:Gulf: PastPast && PresentPresent ----FCATFCAT StandardsStandards • Meets the social studies Sunshine State Standards for a student. Grades PreK-2: SS.B.1.1.2 uses simple maps, globes, and other three-dimensional models to identify and locate places. SS.B.2.1.5 knows the modes of transportation used to move people, products, and ideas from place to place, their importance, and their advantages and disadvantages. Grades 3-5: SS.A.2.2.2 Understands developments in transportation and communication in various societies SS.B.1.2.4 Knows how changing transportation and communication technology have affected relationships between locations. Grades 6-8 – Meets the social studies Sunshine State Standards for a student: SS.A.2.3.4. Understands the impact of geographical factors on the historical development of civilizations. SS.A.4.3.2 Knows the role of physical and cultural geography in shaping events in the United States Grades 9-12 : SS.B.1.4.1 Uses a variety of maps, geographic technologies including geographic information systems and satellite-produced imagery, and other advanced graphic representations to depict geographic problems. SS.B.2.4.6 Understands the relationships between resources and the exploration, colonization, and settlement of different regions of the world. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES 1. Students will exhibit an understanding of the impact of transportation on the interactions between the Native Americans and European Explorers. 2. Students will be able to identify the importance of resources to the development of trade through Apalachee Bay. 3. Students will identify the influence of geographic and environmental factors such as hurricanes, rivers, coastline, etc on cultural development 4.