Marine and Estuarine Environments, Organisms, and Geology of The

Home , Neomysis americana, Pleurobrachia bachei

Marine and Estuarine Environments,

Organisms and Geology

of^he Cape Cod Region

an indexed bibliography. 1665-/965

Anne E. Yentsch,

Melbourne R. Carriker,

Robert H. Parker,

Victor A. Zullo

Systematics Ecology Program, Marine Biological Laboratory

_ Woods Hole, Massachusetts

BOSTON UNIVERSITY mRlNE PROGRAM

MARINE AND ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENTS, ORGANISMS & GEOLOGY

OF THE CAPE COD REGION

an indexed bibliography, 1665-1965

Marine and Estuarine Environments, Organisms and Geology of the Cape Cod Region

an indexed bibliography, 1665 - 1965

Anne E. Yentsch,

Melbourne R. Carriker,

Robert H. Parker,

Victor A. Zullo

Systematics Ecology Program, Marine Biological Laboratory

First Edition

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 66-30182

Published through The Job Shop, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

for The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole.

Printed by Leyden Press, Inc., Plymouth, Massachusetts PREFACE

Since its incorporation at Woods Hole in 1888 the Marine Biological Laboratory traditionally has provided facilities and services to independent investigators for re-

search, training and scientific communication in marine biology. It fosters maximum use

of its facilities throughout the year. In the early decades research on the natural history of marine organisms was stressed, while the recent trend has been toward cellular and molecular investigations. The Systematics-Ecology Program was established by the Laboratory Trustees in September 1962 as a continuing program of basic research and training in the biology of the whole organism.

The aims of the Program are (a) to extend in a modern, integrated, continuing manner systematic and ecologic knowledge of the estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems of the Cape Cod Region, and thereby to contribute to the advancement of the systematic and ecologic sciences; and (b) to provide opportunities in year-round research and communi- cations for advanced experience and study in the fields of estuarine and coastal marine systematics and ecology.

Within this context the Program from time to time issues publications which further the synthesis of knowledge of organismic biology of the region. The first of these publications, "Keys to Marine Invertebrates of the Woods Hole Region," was edited by Ralph

I. Smith and appeared in 1964. The present volume, a second in the series, is intended as an introductory guide to the scientific literature of the region and covers a 300 year

period from 1665 to 1965. It is intended to introduce scientists to major papers on the region and to provide the beginning for more intensive literature surveys. The emphasis is on works that relate to the biology of the whole organism, biotic factors of ecological significance, and physics, chemistry, climatology and geology of the region.

Preparation of the bibliography was begun in 1962-1963 by the junior authors who were joined by Anne E. Yentsch in 1964. The facilities of the Marine Biological Labora- tory Library were used during the literature search and some work was done in the Boston Public Library and the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.

The bibliographic form is that suggested in "Style Manual for Biological Journals, 2nd ed. (1960) prepared by the American Institute of Biological Sciences. Journal ab"bre- viations were taken from the World List of Scientific Periodicals, 1900-1960, 4th ed. (1963). An index was prepared from titles, abstracts and, in some cases, from the texts. An effort was made to include all known new species descriptions for the region and the scientific names of these are underscored in the index. Scientific names were indexed as they appeared in the original publication with no attempt to provide modern synonyms. Entries were made for phyla, classes (for the larger phyla), lesser taxa when these were given in the title of the paper, scientific names, key words, and geographic locations.

It is a pleasure to acknowledge the valuable contribution of Anne E, Yentsch whose painstaking search of the literature, double checking of the references, and compilation of the bibliography and its index provide the basis for this publication. We also express our thanks to Mrs. Barbara Webber who varityped the entire manuscript; Mrs. Ann Martin, Mrs. Robert N. Cram, Mrs. Joan Stimson, and Miss Constance Chadwick who aided in the checking of references; Dr. Mary Sears and Dr. K. 0. Emery who suggested references; the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for permission to reproduce the photo- graph of a Cape Cod beach by Jan Hahn; Herbert A. Ashmore who prepared Figure 1; and the Library of the Marine Biological Laboratory where the bulk of the search for references was conducted.

Preparation of this publication was made possible by support to the Systematics- Ecology Program from the Ford Foundation; Public Health Service Research Grant DE 01870 from the National Institute of Dental Research; Grants GB-561 and GB-4509 from the National Science Foundation; Contract Nonr 3070(03) from the Office of Naval Re- search, Department of the Navy; and the Whitehall Foundation. This financial aid is gratefully acknowledged.

Woods Hole, Massachusetts Melbourne R. Carriker, Director November, 1966 Systematics-Ecology Program

VI TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Bibliography

Index

Vll

INTRODUCTION

Thoreau describes Cape Cod as "the bared and bended arm of Massachusetts: the shoulder is at Buzzards Bay; the elbow, or crazy bone, at Cape Mallebarre (Chatham); the wrist at Truro; and the sandy fist at Provincetown." It is an outpost of sand, gravel, stones and clay stretching into the North Atlantic between 41°30-42°5'N and 69°55 -70° 46 ' W. The Cape Cod peninsula, or bent arm, partially encircles Cape Cod Bay which faces north and opens seaward into Massachusetts Bay and the Gulf of Maine. To the south the islands of Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard and the chain of the Elizabeth Islands form a barrier between the open ocean, Nantucket Sound, Vineyard Sound, and Buzzards Bay. At the base of the peninsula the Cape Cod Canal, officially opened in 1916, provides a channel between Cape Cod Bay and Buzzards Bay. This complex of cape, islands and sounds, an area roughly 90 x 100 kilometers, forms the Cape Cod Region. Sediments, predominately gravel, sands and shell fragments, are coarsest and relatively free of organic detritus in tidal scoured Vineyard Sound and grade into finer particles in Nantucket Sound and portions of Cape Cod Bay. Much of Buzzards Bay and the central regions of Cape Cod Bay support extensive soft mud bottoms whereas broad intertidal sand flats bound southeastern Cape Cod Bay and wide intertidal mud bottoms characterize northwestern Buzzards Bay. Small estuaries, often constricted and intermittently cut off from outside water by barrier beaches, dissect the southern coasts of both the Cape and islands. Tidal marshes fringe the shore line and reach impressive acreages, especially at the outer end of the Cape behind the barrier beaches and at Barnstable along the southern shore of Cape Cod Bay. Intertidal boulders dot exposed beaches, high colorful sea cliffs mark Gay Head, and the long straight shore of the outer Cape faces the North Atlantic Ocean. The Gulf Stream lies some 150 kilometers southeast of Woods Hole. As a result of cold water masses north of the Cape, the temperature of the seawater in Cape Cod Bay in late summer is several degrees lower than that in the southern sounds. Cape Cod forms the rough boundary between two major marine provinces, and most of the organisms found in the western North Atlantic, from Nova Scotia to Cape Hatteras, are represented in the Cape Cod Region. Serious study of the Region began in the early 1800' s, and as indicated by the frequency of publication of the 1,360 literature references in this Bibliography, has intensi- fied with the decades.

Henry Da\id Thoreau, 1864. Cape Cod. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass.

IX ' ,

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Map of the Cape Cod region. A SHMO R E Fre quency of publication of literature references cited in the Bibliography shown for ten year in tervals.

Edward Hitchcock (1833) discussed the formation of Cape Cod in his preliminary report on the geology of Massachusetts, a publication believed by Chamerlain (1964) "to have been the first state geology report in the nation." Among the reasons why geologists have studied the Region is the observation by Woodworth and Wigglesworth (1934) that "Cape Cod more than any other part of southeastern New England shows the changes due to the ravages of the sea since the glacial epoch." Early naturalists were attracted to Cape Cod by the intrinsic natural beauty of the terrain, the varied wildlife inhabiting the bogs, ponds, salt marshes, dunes, beaches and waters, and by the often tempestuous interplay of land and sea. The U. S. National Park

Service recognized the uniqueness of the Cape when it established the Cape Cod National Seashore, noting "The combination of these features cannot be matched anywhere on the

Atlantic Coast." Thoreau was also well aware of it when he wrote "We went to see the Ocean, and that is probably the best place of all our coast to go to." Biologists started describing the biota of the Cape Cod Region prior to 1844 when A. A. Gould recognized Cape Cod as a natural faunal boundary between Arctic and temper- ate organisms. In a long list of papers, for example, Storer (1839-1859) provided records of fish; Desor (1851) described the distribution of animal life among Nantucket shoals and observed that "modern investigations merely go to confirm the great idea which was vaguely anticipated by the ancient poets and philosophers, that the Ocean is the origin of all things;" Stimpson (1854) named new species of mollusks; Atwood (1861-1873) wrote on the habits of bluefish, cod and mackerel and discussed the fisheries; and A. Agassiz (1862-1877) reported on invertebrates. Spencer F. Baird's activities in the Region in 1871 including his founding of the Bureau of Fisheries Laboratory in Woods Hole in 1875, establishment of the first American seaside laboratory on Penikese Island by Louis Agassiz in 1873, and incorporation of the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory in 1888, provided a catalyst for further research in the Cape Cod Region. The number of publications during the period 1885-1914 undoubt- ably reflects this scientific activity.

XI Earliest comprehensive contributions to the systematics and ecology of the marine biotic communities of the Region were made by Verrill (1873), S. I. Smith (1873) and Verrill, Smith, and Harger (1873) in their census of the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound and adjacent waters during the summer of 1871. Their first field studies included some 40 dredgings, principally in Vineyard Sound, and to a lesser extent in southern Buzzards Bay, western Nantucket Sound, and northeastern Rhode Island Sound, and ranged bathymetrically from the high water line outward. Lists and illustrations of the macroscopic species encountered and descriptions of the major habitats of the area are given.

Later Sumner (1910) and Sumner, Osburn, Cole and Davis (1913) published the results of a detailed qualitative systematic study of the distribution of macroscopic benthic plants and animals of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay in relation to the gross nature of the bottom and the temperature and salinity of the water. Investigations were carried out by means of dredging operations in open waters during the summers of 1903-05, with supplementary work during the following four summers; intertidal and shallow waters were excluded. This useful publication supplementated the reports of Verrill and associates and added a detailed catalog and distributional charts of many of the macroscopic species reported for the area.

The number of new species which has been described in the Cape Cod Region is over 500. In terms of the estimated total number of 10,000 species probably occurring in the Region, this is a sizeable contribution, and one made primarily through the indefatigable efforts of early systematists. New species are still being described in the Region as field biologists pursue their investigations. As an introduction to the Bibliography, we have selected excerpts from various publications and matched the quotations with appropriate photographs taken in the region within the last five years. These excerpts describe in the author's own words the diversity of the Cape and islands and suggest the many reasons why this Region drew their attention.

M. R. Carriker

A. E. Yentsch

December 1966 70°

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Early map of Cape Cod apparently drawn around 1720 by a Boston pilot named Cyprian Southack. Plate 71 from Ann. Rept. U. S. Cst. Geod. Surv., 1890.

The fifteenth day we had again sight of the land, which made ahead, being as we thought an island, by reason of a large sound that appeared westward between it and the main, for coming to the west end thereof, we did perceive a large opening, we called it Shoal Hope. Near this cape we came to anchor in fifteen fathoms, where we took great store of codfish, for which we altered the name, and called it Cape Cod. Here we saw sculls of herring, mackerel, and other small fish, in great abundance. John Archer, 1602.

xiu Henry Beston, 1929. The Outermost House. Doubleday, Doran & Co., Inc. Garden City, New York.

East and ahead of the coast of North America, some thirty miles and more from the inner shores of Massachusetts, there stands in the open Atlantic the last fragment of an ancient and vanished land. ... a great ocean beach runs north and south unbroken, mile lengthening into mile. Solitary and elemental, unsullied and remote, visited and possessed by the outer sea, these sands might be the end or the beginning of a world. Age by age, the sea here gives battle to the land; age by age, the earth struggles for her own, calling to her defence her energies and her creations, bidding her plants steal down upon the beach, and holding the frontier sands in a net of grass and roots which the

storms wash free. The great rhythms of nature, . . . have here their spacious and prime- val liberty; cloud and shadow of cloud, wind and tide, tremor of night and day. Journeying birds alight here and fly away again all unseen, schools of great fish move beneath the waves, the surf flings its spray against the sun.

Often spoken of as being entirely glacial, this bulwark is really an old land surfaced with a new. The seas broke upon these same ancient bounds long before the ice had

gathered or the sun had fogged and cooled. There was once, so it would seem, a North- ern coastal plain. This crumbled at its rim, time and catastrophe changed its level and

its form, and the sea came inland over it through the years. Its last enduring frontier

roughly corresponds to the wasted dyke of the cliff. Moving down into the sea, later glaciations passed over the old beaches and the fragments of the plain, and, stumbling over them, heaped upon these sills their accumulated drift of gravels, sand, and stones. The warmer sea and time prevailing, the ice cliff retreated westward through its fogs, and presently the waves coursed on to a new, a transformed and lifeless, land.

XIV Outer beach of Cape Cod at Nauset.

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Y EN TSC H

XV The east side of the cape, through Wellfleet and Truro, is a nearly continuous bluff, one hundred to one hundred and sixty feet high, horizontally stratified, being evidently a remnant of a nearly level plain, the east part of which has been washed away by the sea. This process is still going forward. Warren Upham, 1879.

HS^.

Eroding sea cliffs along the shore of Outer Cape Cod. Y EN TSCH

The wind loosens and tears down the incoherent gravel and sand in the coastal bluffs. On fair days when dry winds are blowing in a favorable direction, pebbles loosen- ed by the blowing out of the sand at their bases roll down to a sandy talus. Many of these pebbles take somewhat curved courses, ricochetting so as to leave a series of pits on the beach sand leading to the resting place of the spent pebble. Hundreds of small streams of dry sand run out from incoherent layers to add their contribution to the

growing fan of talus that rises between the beach and the top of the wasting cliff. When very high winds are blowing inland, sand and dust are carried up the slope and on to the

surface back of the cliff.

J. B. Woodworth. In Woodworth & Wigglesworth, 1934.

XVI The dunes or sand hills, which are often nearly or quite barren of vegetation, and of

snowy whiteness, forcibly attract the attention on account of their peculiarity. . . . As we approach the extremity of the Cape, the sand and the barrenness increase; and in not

a few places, it would need only a party of Bedouin Arabs to cross the traveler's path, to make him feel that he was in the depths of an Arabian or Lybian desert. Edward Hitchcock, 1833.

Sand dunes on the southwest shore of Nantucket Island. VAN ZANDT

Sand is frequently thrown by the spray, or waves, during a storm, so high upon the shore, that the reflux waves do not carry it back. This being dried by the sun, is driven inwards by the sea breezes, and in the course of time forms hills of considerable elevation. Or sometimes the wind from the sea raises the sand from a cliff or tertiary formation and carries it inland. Thus are formed those moving sand hills, which on the eastern continent, are called dunes or downs, and which have excited so much interest near the banks of the Nile. . . . They may be seen in the greatest perfection and on the largest scale, on Cape Cod; particularly near its extremity. They are frequently as high as 60 or 70 feet, and on the east end of the Cape, they move towards the west, . . . A series of these dunes, several miles long, threatens the village and bay of Provincetown, and large quantities of the beach grass have been transplanted to their ridges for the purpose of arresting their progress.

Edward Hitchcock, 1833.

xvii Even where this artificial modification of the swamps has changed the regimen of their lesser creeks, this water system remains one of the most beautiful exhibitions of natural forces which the sea shore affords. There being everywhere the same pressure of the growing sod against their streams, they are free to cast their curves into exactly the form

which the pendulum motion of their currents demands. . . . The only likeness in symmetry to these tidal rivers is found in the fresh-water swamps, whose clear natural streams flow through matter resembling in its process of growth the peat of the salt-water swamp, but even there the changes in the volume of the current make its curves less beautiful than those of the tidal marshes. N. S. Shaler. 1885

Tidal marsh in Pleasant Bay. OLDHAM

The reconstructions provide a picture of the ontogeny of the Barnstable marsh which is orderly and plausible. They indicate that the sand spit has grown eastward during a period of about 4000 years. The marsh, which consisted at first of isolated pockets in protected indentations of the upland, became continuous and began to spread into the enclosure from along the upland margin as sediment accumulated in its shallower parts and protection from the sea became more complete. The development of marsh along the margin of the sand spit proceeded more slowly, perhaps because the basin deepened with distance from the upland and more time was required for sedimentation to reduce its depth. The broad sounds between the advancing tongues of marshland became the site of the future creeks, and the meandering channels in the sand which formed their bottom defined the final pattern which these creeks assumed. High marsh has now extended to the margin of these channels and at present the creeks are in quasi-equilibrium with the hydraulic forces which arise from the quantity of water which they must carry in response to the rhythm of the tide. Alfred C. Redfield, 1965

xviu There is, however a more definite limit to the encroachment of these upper-level salt marshes upon the tidal streams. As the marshes extend they narrow the channels occupied by the free-running tide until they reduce its flowage-ways to very limited bounds, the lines of which are determined by a delicate adjustment of the forces which extend the marsh area and the destructive scouring action of the tide exercised on its growing edge. There is no other case in nature, save in the coral reefs, where the adjustment of organic relations to physical conditions is seen in such a beautiful way as in the balance between the growing marshes and the tidal streams by which they are at once nourished and

worn away. N. S. Shaler, 1885.

Tidal stream in western Nantucket Island. VAN Z A N DT

XIX Sediment layers, streaked like bright finger- smeared dyes, show red, green, tan, gray, yellow, brilliant white and nearly coal black across the face of the cliffs and give this foreland its name. Some layers are primarily sand, others mainly gravel, others compact clay. Some are full of fossils; large glacial boulders protrude like bony knuckles from others. This colorful confusion of sediments, the creased and shuffled pages of an ancient manuscript, contains New England's most complete record of its past hundred million years. It tells a story of a land first covered with ancient forests, then engulfed by seawaters, laid bare and engulfed again; of giant sharks swimming over what are now the meadows of Chilmark, of camels and horses roaming the plains where Gay Head now rises; of a series of overpowering invasions by ice floes from the north. Barbara Chamberlain, 1964.

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^• ^^0 •gg ^tt. M Sea cliffs of Gay Head, Martha's Vineyard. Y EN T S C H

XX Ever since Baird's time it has been generally known that this is the best place on the Atlantic coast for the study of marine biology. Indeed, Wood's Holl has become a strong biological center by virtue of the exceptional opportunities for work here offered in a varied and extensive shore fauna and flora, in numerous accessible islands rich in forms of peculiar interest, and in many perfectly isolated fresh-water ponds, brackish

easy control. . ^ponds, and salt-water rponds ofJ „ ^ „„ ,_^^_ ^ CO. Whitman, 1902.

C A R R I K E R

Aerial view of the Woods Hole scientific community, showing U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory on the left, the Marine Biological Laboratory in the center, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on the right.

A totally different condition of things was found at Woods Hole where the water is exceptionally pure and free from sediment, and where a strong tide rushing through the Woods Hole passage keeps the water in a state of healthy oxygenation specially favorable for biological research of every kind and description. The entire absence of sewage tending to owing to the remoteness of large towns, as well as the absence of large rivers reduce the salinity of the water, constituted a strong argument in its favor, and this station was finally fixed upon for the purpose in question.

Spencer F. Baird. 1881

XXI The Marine Biological Laboratory had its origin in the latter part of the last Century when naturalists came to appreciate the vast variety of

life in the sea. Since then, biology has evolved very rapidly and has come to include a number of more or less specialized subdivisions. Great departments of biology have grown up at our universities.

In this great development, the Marine Biological Laboratory played a

leading role. It became the summer meeting ground for professors and students of all branches of biology from all over the Country. It acquired an outstanding scientific library. It became a headquarters for experi-

mental physiology. It is still a beehive of scientific activity, but its sea-side location has become almost incidental.

At Woods Hole, the late 1920' s also marked the beginnings of another step forward in North Atlantic oceanography. A special committee of the National Academy of Sciences had been at work studying the national needs in marine science. This committee recommended the establishment

of a new facility . . .

Thus, in 1930, it seemed advisable to establish a new laboratory at Woods Hole that would have as its objectives the study of the oceans as a whole: their physics, their chemistry, their geology, and their meteorology, as well as some aspects of their biology, in particular, their ecology.

By the Summer of 1931, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution was a going concern, with a sea-going vessel and a small part time staff recruited largely from eastern university campuses.

Columbus O'Donnell Iselin, 1Q57. Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806-1873). "Pathfinder of the Seas" -- The Development of Oceanography.

xxii The marine life of the Woods Hole region is more fully and accurately known than IS that of any other region of similar extent on the western shore of the of the Atlantic, and there are but few regions anywhere in the world where such knowledge is more complete. Of marine animals alone, approximately 1700 species are known from Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, and the marine plants are correspondingly numerous. Edward Linton, 1915.

Dredge haul taken in Vineyard Sound at a site where Arbacia, Amaroucium and Aequipecten were abundant.

C A R R I K E R

XXIIl C A R Rl K E R Collecting at a rock jetty at low tide, at the eastern entrance of the Cape Cod Canal.

In prosecuting our explorations we soon found that there are, in the waters of this region, three quite distinct assemblages of animal life, which are dependent upon and and limited by definite physical conditions of the waters which they inhabit. The first of these includes all those kinds which inhabit the bottom and shores of Vineyard Sound, Buzzard's Bay, and the other similar bodies of shallow water along this coast from Cape Cod westward and southward. These shallow waters consist of nearly pure sea-water, which has a relatively high temperature, especially in summer, for it is warmed up both by the direct heat of the sun, acting on the shallow waters spread over broad surfaces of sand, and by water coming directly from the Gulf Stream, and bringing not only its heat,

but also its peculiar pelagic animals. . . . The second assemblage is a very peculiar one, which inhabits the estuaries, ponds, lagoons, harbors, and other similar places, where the water is shallow and more or less brackish, and very warm in summer, but cold in the winter. The third group inhabits the shores of the outer islands and headlands and the bottoms in moderately deep water, outside of the bays and sounds. These outer waters are comparatively cold, even in summer, and are no doubt derived from an offshoot of the arctic current, which drifts southward along our shores in deep water and always has a tendency to crowd against

and up its submarine slopes, in which it is also aided in many cases by the tides.

A. E. Verrill, 1873. f^^BS

1 1,

Sand flats exposed at low tide along a Cape Cod Beach.

But the influence of the Gulf Stream extends much nearer to the coast than the edge of the continental shelf, and without doubt affects our local faunal conditions. The presence nearly every year in Vineyard Sound of considerable masses of the Sargassum bacciferum, with its attendant fauna, shows that strong southerly winds may drive the surface water of the Gulf Stream as far as the mainland of Massachusetts. And, apart from these occasional and obvious effects, it is probable that the warm current exerts a constant influence upon the coastal waters of southern New England, the two undergoing a certain degree of intermingling as a result of winds and tides. Sumner, Osborn, Cole & Davis, 1Q13.

C A R R I K E R

Edgartown Great Pond estuarine system seen from the air; barrier beaches have closed off the inlets.

XXY C A R R I K E R

A rocky intertidal area at Sesuit Harbor, Cape Cod Bay, where the macroscopic algae Fucus and Ascophyllum. were abundant.

The northern shore of Cape Cod, from its sandy character, is practically destitute of all species of algae, except a few forms which are here and there found growing on the eel-grass. As soon as we pass to the south of Cape Cod, however, the flora assumes an

entirely different aspect. . . . It will be seen that Cape Cod is the dividing line between a marked northern and a southern flora. In fact, the difference between the florae of Massachusetts Bay and Buzzards Bay, which are only a few miles apart, is greater than the difference between those of Massachusetts Bay and the Bay of Fundy, or between those of Nantucket and Norfolk. This difference in the flora corresponds precisely with what is known of the fauna.

W. G. Farlow, 1882a.

XXVI The boring gastropod Eupleura ruudata.

OLDHAM The hvdroid Perm aria tiarclla. O L DH AM

Abundant on the piles of Fish Commission dock at Woods Hole, and also growing profusely on eel grass near the Hole. One of the most abundant and beautiful species on our coasts. C. C. Nutting, 18t)Q

Apeltes quadracus, a small fish of the eel grass community.

XXVIl Algae, hydroids and Spirorbis on blade of eel grass, Zostera marina.

. . . for while the nature of the sea water governs the lives of the animals and plants

that inhabit it, at the same time the functions of the latter are as constantly altering the nature of their environment in a way to which we see nothing comparable on land. Henry B. Bigelow, 1931. Oceanography, Its Scope, Problems, and Economic Importance. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Mass.

The barnacle Balanus balanoides.

OLDHAM . . . the surface of the sea is sometimes covered for thous- ands of square yards with great submerged rafts of \hiemiopsis leidyi, the individuals touching

one the other . . .

A. G. Maver, 1912.

O L DH AM The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi.

The importance of marine life for the study of general biology depends on several two-thirds the earth's circumstances. . . . the oceans, which now constitute about of surface, contain forms of animal life never found on continents or in their fresh waters. Many of these are the most ancient forms, in a geological sense, in the world. The entire phylum of Echinodermata is exclusively marine; so, with minor exceptions, are the sponges and coelenterates. Among the mollusks the cephalopods (squids and octopi) are exclusively marine; and among the vertebrates the Selachia (sharks, rays, etc.) are practically exclusively marine. Apart from such great and zoologically important groups, the oceans contain myriads of forms representing every phylum of the animal kingdom specially adapted to various oceanic environments, such as those of the almost infin- itely diversified shore or littoral regions, of the pelagic (lighted) and the abyssal (unlighted) zones of the free oceans to the floor at great depths, and of great oceanic territories such as those of the Gulf Stream and other ocean currents and of the arctic and antarctic cold and of the tropics. Frank R. Lillie, 1944. The Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

XXIX From June 28 to August 13, 1912, the writer occupied a room in the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and had opportunity to extend his observa- their tions on fiddler-crabs. . . . Fiddlers seemed to feel that the necessity for having

burrows closed when the tide came in was -very urgent. Once I pulled up all the grass on a thickly populated area about six feet square and chased all the crabs into their holes;

then I sat in front of this open space while the tide came in and covered the mouths of of the burrow. Though the crabs were timid, and apparently feared me, several of them rushed out when the water came near, and, after hastily grabbing one or more pellets of mud, plugged their holes. Other animals that were observed to be active when the tide came in, and which might have harmed the fiddlers, were ribbon- fish, minnows, green crabs, and prawns.

A. S. Pearse, lQ14b.

Uca pugilator. Waving at mouth of burrow (from Pearse, 1914b).

XXX BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Burbanck, W. D. 1959. Cable, R. M. and A. V. Hunninen. 1939. The distribution of the estuarine isopod, Cyathura Studies on the life history of Spelotrema sp., along the eastern coast of the United States. nicolli. Biol. Bull. 77: 309. (Abstr.) Ecology 40: 507-511. Chidester

Cable, R. M. and A. V. Hunninen. 1940. Carter, J. C. H. 1964. preliminary Studies on the life history of Spelotrema nicolli A survey of the calanoid copepods of (Trematoda: Microphallidae) with the description certain embayments and estuaries of Cape Cod. of a new microphallid Cercaria. Biol. Bull. 78: 136- Biol. Bull. 127: 365-366. (Abstr.) 157. Casteel, D. B. 1904. Cable, R. M. and A. V. Hunninen. 1941. The cell-lineage and early larval development of Studies on the life history of Siphodera vinaled- Fiona marina, a nudibranch mollusk. Proc. Acad, wardsii, a trematode parasite of the toadfish. Biol. nat. Sci. Philad. 56: 325-405. Bull. 81: 279. (Abstr.) Chace, F. A., Jr. 1958. Cable, R. \1. and A. V. Hunninen. 1942. A new stomatopod crustacean of the genus Studies on Deropristis inflata (Molin); its life his- Lysiosquilla from Cape Cod, Massachusetts. tory and affinities to trematodes of the family Acan- Biol. Bull. 114: 141-145. thocolpidae. Biol. Bull. 82: 292-312.

Chaet, A. B. 1964. Cable, R. and H. W. Stunkard. 1931. M. A mechanism for obtaining mature gametes from from the cloaca of the gull. Science A trematode starfish. Biol. Bull. 126: 8-13. n.s. 74: 438. Chamberlain, B. B. 1964. Calkins, G. N. 1902. These fragile outposts — a geological look at Marine protozoa from Woods Hole. Fishery Bull. Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. The Fish Wildl. Serv. U.S. 1901, 21: 413-468. Natural History Press, Garden City, N. Y. 327 pp. Calkins, G. N. 1915. Chamberlain, 1957. Microtaeniella clymenellae, a new genus and new N. A. Larval development of the crab species of colonial gregarines. Biol. Bull. 29: 46- mud Neopanope texana 49. sayi (Smith). Biol. Bull. 113: 338. (Abstr.)

Campbell, M. A. 1957. Chambers, Robert. 1930. Larval development of Streblospio benedicti The manner of sperm entry in the starfish egg. Webster. Biol. Bull. 113: 336-337. (Abstr.) Biol. Bull. 58: 344-369.

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Carriker, M. R. and D. van Zandt. 1964. Use of polished moUusk shell for testing demineralization activity of accessory boring organ of muricid boring gastropods. Biol. Bull. 127: 365. (Abstr.) Chidester 10

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Chrysler, M. A. 1905. Clarke, G. L. 1933. Reforestation at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Observations on the penetration of daylight into A study in succession. Rhodora 7: 121-129. mid-Atlantic and coastal waters. Biol. Bull. 65: 317-337. Chute, N. E. 1939. coastline Point Geology of the between Gammon Clarke, G. L. 1938. and Monomoy Point, Cape Cod, Mass. Comm. Seasonal changes in the intensity of submarine Mass. DPW Sp. Paper 1: 26 pp. illumination off Woods Hole. Ecology 19: 89-106.

Chute, N. E. 1946. Clarke, G. L. 1947. Shoreline changes along the south shore of Cape Poisoning and recovery in barnacles and mussels. Cod caused by the hurricanes of September 1944, Biol. Bull. 92: 73-91. and the storms of November 30, 1944 and January 1, 1945. Bull. Mass. DPW Sp. Paper 9: 47 pp. Clarke, G. L. and D. D. Bonnet. 1939. The influence of temperature on the survival, Claff, C. L., F. N. Sudak and V. Moloney. 1958. growth and respiration of Calanus finmarchicus. Survival of Uca pugnax in sand, water and vege- Biol. Bull. 76: 371-383. tation contaminated with 2,4 dichlorophenoxya- cetic acid. Biol. Bull. 115: 347-348. (Abstr.) Clarke, G. L. and R. H. Oster. 1934. the blue and red components Clapp, C. M. 1891. The penetration of Atlantic coastal waters and its Some points in the development of the toad-fish of daylight into (Batrachus tau). J. Morph. 5: 494-501. relation to phytoplankton metabolism. Biol. Bull. 67: 59-75. Clark, A. H. 1887a. The fisheries of Massachusetts, p. 113-280. In: Clarke, G. L. and D. J. Zinn. 1937. Goode, G. B. The fisheries and fishery industries Seasonal production of zobplankton off Woods Hole of the United States. Section II. A geographic with special reference to Calanus finmarchicus. review of the fisheries industries and fishing Biol. Bull. 73: 464-487. communities for the year 1880. Government Print- ing Office, Washington, D. C. 787 pp. Claypole, A. M. 1898. The embryology and oogenesis of Anurida maritima Clark, A. H. 1887b. (Gu^r). J. Morph. 14: 219-300. Historical references. Massachusetts. The fishing 682-737. Goode, towns of Massachusetts, p. In: Cleland, R. E. 1918. G. B. The fisheries and fishery industries of the Notes from the Woods Hole Laboratory - 1917. 11 United States. Section II. A geographic review of A new Erythrotrichia from Woods Hole. Rhodora 20: the fisheries industries and fishing communities 144-145. for the year 1880. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 787 pp. Clench, W. J. and C. G. Aguayo. 1931. Entovalva (Devonia) perrieri (Malard) in the Clark, H. L. 1901. western Atlantic. Occ. Papers Boston Soc. nat. The synaptas of the New England coast. Fishery Hist. 8: 5-8. Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U. S. 1899, 19: 21-31.

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11 Collins

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Edwards, V. N. 1873. Fales, D. E. 1928. [Report on the fisheries of Nantucket, Edgartown, The light-receptive organs of certain barnacles. Hyannis, Martha's Vineyard & etc. in 1871-1872]. Biol. Bull. 54: 534-547. ReptU. S. Comm. Fish. 1871-1872: 187-192. Farlow, W. G. 1873. List of Edwards, V. N. 1878. seaweeds or marine algae of the south coast of New England. On the occurrence of the oceanic bonito Orcynus Rept U. S. Comm. Fish. 1871-1872: 281-294. pelamys (Linne) Poey, in Vineyard Sound, Mass. Proc. U. S. natn. Mus. 1: 263. [1879] Farlow, W. G. 1882a. The marine algae of New England. Eigenmann, C. H. 1902a. Rept U. S. Coram. Fish. 1879: 1-210. The egg and development of the conger eel. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U. S. 1901, 21: Farlow, W. G. 1882b. 37-44. Notes on New England algae. Bull. Torrey hot. Club 9(5): 65-68. Eigenmann, C. H. 1902b. Investigations into the history of the young Farlow, W. G. 1883. squeteague. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U. S. Collection of mounted marine algae from the Atlan- 1901, 21: 45-51. tic and Pacific coasts of the United States, prepared by Prof. William G. Farlow of Harvard College, Cam- Emerson, A. F. 1935. bridge, Massachusetts, pp 612-620. In: Rathbun, R. Early history of Naushon Island. Thomas Todd Descriptive catalogue of the collection illustrating Co. Printers, Boston. 502 pp. the scientific investigation of the sea and fresh waters. United States of America. Great Internat- Emerson, B. K. 1917. ional Fisheries Exhibition. London, 1883. Bull. Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. U. S. natn. Mus. 27: 511-621. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 597: 289 pp. Faulkner, G. H. 1931. Emmons, Gardner. 1947. Notes on the feeding mechanism and on intestinal Vertical distributions of temperature and humidity respiration in Chaetopterus variopedatits. Biol. Bull. over the ocean between Nantucket and New Jersey. 61: 472-477. Pap. Phys. Oceanogr. 10: 89 pp. Faurd-Fremiet, E. 1930.

Ewing, Maurice, J. L. Worzel, N. C. Steenland Growth and differentiation of the colonies of Zofi- and F. Press. 1950. thamnium altemans fClap. and Lachm.). Biol. Bull. Geophysical investigations in the emerged and 58: 28-51. submerged Atlantic coastal plain. V. Woods Hole, New York and Cape May sections. Bull. geol. Faur^-Fremiet, E. 1937. Soc. Am. 61: 877-892. Licnophora lyngbycola, a new species of infusor- ian from Woods Hole. Biol. Bull. 72: 212-216. Fahey, E. M. 1947. A preliminary study of the vertical distribution Faurd-Fremiet, E. 1951a. of marine organisms in the Cape Cod area. Biol. The marine sand dwelling ciliates of Cape Cod Bull. 93: 193. (Abstr.) shores. Biol. Bull. 99: 349-50 (Abstr.); 100: 59-70.

Faur^-Fremiet, E. 1951b. Fahey, E. M. 1949. The tidal rhythm of the diatom Hantzschia amphioxys. Pioneer colonization on intertidal transacts. Biol. Bull. 100: 173-177. Biol. Bull. 97: 238.

Faxon, Waltej. 1879a. Fairchild, H. L. 1919. On the development of Palaemonetes vulgaris. Post-glacial uplift of southern New England. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 5 (15): 303-330. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 30: 597-636.

Faxon, Walter. 1879b. Fairchild, H. L. 1926. On some young stages in the development of Hippa, Pleistocene features of southern New England. Porcellana and Pinnixia. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Science n.s. 63: 260-262. Harv. 5 (15): 253-268. Field 16

Fuller, 1937. Field, I. A. 1922. J. L. Biology and economic value of the sea mussel Feeding rate of Calanus finmarchicus in relation Mytilus edulis. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U. to environmental conditions. Biol. Bull. 72: 233- S. 38: 127-260. 246.

Fuller, M. L. 1906a. Fingerman, Milton. 1955. Clays of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. U. S. Geol. Persistent daily and tidal rhythms of color change Surv. Bull. 285: 432-441. in Callinectes sapidus. Biol. Bull. 109: 255-264.

Fuller, M. L. 1906b. Fingerman, Milton. 1956. Glacial stages in southeastern New England and Phase difference in the tidal rhythms of color change vicinity. Science n.s. 24: 467-469. of two species of fiddler crab. Biol. Bull. 110: 274- 290. Gabriel, M. L. 1942. Fingerman, Milton. 1957a. The effect of temperature on vertebral variations 290- Lunar rhythmicity in marine organisms. Am. Nat. in Fundulus heteroclitus. Biol. Bull. 83: 91: 167-178. 291. (Abstr.)

Fingerman, Milton. 1957b. Gale, B. 1958. Relation between position of burrows and tidal Report on the geologic features on a portion of rhythm of Uca. Biol. Bull. 112: 7-20. Cape Cod, Massachusetts. National Park Service Field Investigation Rept. Firth, F. E. 1931. Some marine fishes collected recently in New Eng- Galtsoff, P. S. 1929. land waters. Bull. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. 61: 8-14. The physiology of feeding and reproduction of Net 3-4. Fish, C. J. 1925. the American oyster. Collecting 4(1): Seasonal distribution of the plankton of the Woods Hole region. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U. S. Galtsoff, P. S. 1943. 41: 91-179. Copper content of sea water. Ecology 24: 263- 265. Fish, C. J. 1928. Production and distribution of cod eggs in Massa- Galtsoff, P. S. 1954. chusetts Bay in 1924 and 1925. Fishery Bull. Fish Recent advances in the studies of the structure Wildl. Serv. U. S. 43, part 2: 253-296. and formation of the shell of Crassostrea virginica. Proc. natn. Shellfish. Assoc. 45: 116-135. Fogg, J. M., Jr. 1930. flora of the Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts. The Galtsoff, P. S. 1962. Rhodora 32: 119-132, 147-161, 167-180, 208-221, The story of the Commercial Fisheries Biological 226-258, 263-281. Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Cir- cular U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. 145: 121 pp. Forbes, Alexander. 1933. Conditions affecting the response of the avicularia Galtsoff, P. S. and V. L. Loosanoff. 1939. of Bugula. Biol. Bull. 65: 469-479. Natural history and method of controlling the Fowler, H. W. 1917. starfish (Asterias forbesi, Desor). Fishery Bull. Notes on New England fishes. Proc. Boston Soc. Fish. Wildl. Serv. U.S. 49: 75-132. nat. Hist. 35: 109-138. Galtsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch and H. C. Fraenkel, G. 1960. McMillin. 1930. Lethal high temperatures for three marine inverte- An experimental study in production and coll- brates: Limulus polyphemus, Littorina littorea and ection of seed oysters. Fishery Bull. Fish Pagurus longicarpus. Oikos 11: 171-182. Wildl. Serv. U.S. 46: 197-263.

Eraser, C. M. 1912. Gardner, E. G. 1895. Notes on New England hydroids. Bull. St. Univ. Early development of Polychoerus caudatus, Iowa 6(3): 39-48. Mark. J. Morph. 11: 155-176.

Eraser, C. M. 1943. Garman, S. W. 1875. New species of hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic On the skates (Rajae) of the eastern coast of Proc. Ocean, in the United States National Museum. the United States. Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. S. natn. Mus. 91: 77-89. [1941] U 17: 170-181. [1874] 17 Grave

Graff, 1911. Carman, S. 1886. L. V. Notes and descriptions taken from Selachians in Acoela, Rhabdocoela und Alloeocoela des Ostens der Staaten von Amerika-mit Nachtra- the U. S. National Museum. Proc. U. S. natn. Vereinigten gen zu Turbellarien Orotavas Mus. 8: 39-44. [1885] den "Marinen und der Kusten Europas." Arb. zool. Inst. Graz 9(8): Genthe, K. W. 1905. 321-428. Some notes on Alcippe lampas (Hanc) and its occurrence on the American Atlantic shore. Zool. Graham, James D. 1838. Jb. Abt. Anat. und Ontog. 21: 181-200. A report upon the military and hydrographical chart of the extremity of Cape Cod including the

Giese, G. S. 1964. townships of Provincetown and Truro, with their Coastal operations on Cape Cod Bay. University sea coast and ship harbor: projected from surveys of Rhode Island; 70 pages, master's thesis. executed during portions of the years 1833, 1934, and 1835, under the direction of James D. Graham. Gifford, C. E. and E. P. Odum. 19 61. U. S. Bureau of Topographic Engineers. Washing- Chlorophyll a content of intertidal zones on a ton, D. C. 8(48) pp. rocky seashore. Lininol. Oceanogr. 6: 83-84. Grave, B. H. 1922. Gill, T. 1863. An analysis of the spawning habits and spawning Note on some recent additions to the ichthyo- stimuli of Chaetopleura apiculata (Say). Biol. Bull. logical fauna of Massachusetts. Proc. Acad, 42: 234-256. nat. Sci. Philad. 15: 332-333. Grave, B. H. 1926. vitality of the gametes of Cumingia tellinoides Gill, T. 1905. The various temperatures. State ichthyology of Massachusetts. Rept U. S. and rate of development at Comm. Fish. 1904: 163-188. Anat. Rec. 34: 117. (Abstr.)

Grave, B. H. 1927a. Glaser, 0. 1950. An analysis of the spawning habits and spawning Note on the growth of arms in the pluteus of stimuli of Cumingia tellinoides. Biol. Bull. 52: 418- Arbacia punctulata. Biol. Bull. 98: 34-35. 435.

Goldin, A. 1942. Grave, B. H. 1927b. A quantitative study of the interrelationship of oxy- The natural history of Cumingia tellinoides. Biol. gen and hydrogen ion concentration in influencing Bull. 53: 208-219. Tubularia regeneration. Biol. Bull. 82: 340-346. Grave, B. H. 1928a. navalis, at Goode, G. B. 1879. Natural history of shipworm. Teredo Massachusetts. Biol. Bull. 55: 260-282 The occurrence of Belone latimanus in Buzzards Woods Hole.

Bay, Massachusetts. Proc. U. S. natn. Mus. 1: 6-7. Grave, B. H. 1928b. Goode, G. B. 18J Vitality of the gametes of Cumingia tellinoides. Biol. 351-362. American fishes. W. A. Houghton, New York. 496 pp. Bull. 54:

Grave, B. 1930. Gould, A. A. 1841. H. The natural history of Bugula flabellata at Woods Results of an examination of the shells of Massa- Hole, Massachusetts, including the behavior and chusetts and their geographical distribution. J. attachment of the larva. J. Morph. 49: 355-383. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. 3: 483-494. Grave, B. H. 1933. Gould, A. A., and W. G. Binney. 1870. Rate of growth, age at sexual maturity, and dura- Report on the invertebrata of Massachusetts. 2nd tion of life of certain sessile organisms, at Woods ed. Wright and Potter, Boston, Mass. Hole, Massachusetts. Biol. Bull. 65: 375-386.

Gould, H. N. 1949. Grave, B. H. 1942. navalis. The effect of temperature on growth and sexual The sexual cycle of the shipworm, Teredo changes in Crepidula plana. Biol. Bull. 97: 239- Biol. Bull. 82: 438-445. 240. (Abstr.) Grave, B. H. and J. Smith. 1936a. Hermaphroditism in Mollusca. Biol. Bull. 71: 407- Grabau, A. W. 1897. 408. (Abstr.) The sand-plains of Truro, Wellfleet and Eastham, Massachusetts. Science n.s. 5: 334-335. (Abstr.)

Grabau, A. W. 1899. [On the glacial origin of deposits on Cape Cod.] Science n.s. 9: 591. (Abstr.) Grave 18

Grave, B. H. and J. Smith. 1936b. Gray, G. M. 1941. Sex inversion in Teredo navalis and its relation to Informal notes on Eulima embryology by the sex ratios. Biol. Bull. 70: 332-343. emeritus curator of the M.B.L. Museum. Collecting Net 16: 4-7, 29-31. Grave. Caswell. 1903. On the occurrence among echinoderms of larvae Gray, James. 1928. with cilia arranged in transverse rings, with a The mechanism of ciliary movement. Collecting suggestion as to their significance. Biol. Bull: Net 3(7): 1-4. 5: 169-186. Greeley, A. W. 1902. Grave, Caswell. 1920. Artificial parthenogenesis in Starfish produced Amaroucium pellucidum (Leidy) form constella- by a lowering of temperature. Am. J. Physiol. 6: tum (Verrill). I. The activities and reactions of 296-304. the tadpole larva. J. exp. Zool. 30: 239-257. Green, J. P. 1964. Grave, Caswell. 1941a. Morphological color change in the fiddler crab.

The "eye-spot" and light-responses of the larva Uca pugnax (S. I. Smith). Biol. Bull. 127: 239- of Cynthia partita. Biol. Bull. 81: 287. (Abstr.) 255.

Grave, Caswell. 1941b. Greene, T. A. 1833. Further studies of metamorphosis of ascidian List of marine shells of Massachusetts, arranged larvae. Biol. Bull. 81: 286-287. (Abstr.) according to the system of Lamarck, p. 554-557. In: Hitchcock, E. Report on the geology, minera- Gray, G. M. 1932. logy, botany and zoology of Massachusetts. J. S. Eulima oleacea and Thyone. Collecting Net 7: & C. Adams, Amherst, Mass. 221-224. Gregory, L. H. 1905. Gray, G. M. 1932-1945. Hermaphroditism in Sabella microphthalama Notes on the natural history of the Woods Hole Verrill. Biol. Bull. 9: 287-291. region, typed ms. 40 pp. MBL Library. Griffin, D. R. 1936. Gray, G. M. 1933. Stomach contents of Atlantic Harbor seals. J. Observations on Montacuta percompressa Dall. Mammal. 17: 65-66. Nautilus 46: 76-79. Groot, C. R. and J. J. Groot. 1964. Gray, G. M. 1934. The pollen flora of C^iaternary sediments be- Rare fish at MBL museum. Collecting Net 9: 138. neath Nantucket Shoals. Am. J. Sci. 262: 488-493.

Gray, G. M. 1936. Grosch, D. S. and Z. H. Smith. 1957. A very rare specimen for Woods Hole. [Caudina X-ray experiments with Molgula manhattensis: arenata]. Collecting Net 11: 80. adult sensitivity and induced zygotic lethality. Biol. Bull. 112: 171-179. Gray, G. M. 1939a. An unusual fish for Woods Hole. Falmouth Enter- Gross, A. C. 1921. prise March 24, 1939. The feeding habits and chemical sense of Nereis virens Sars. J. exp. Zool. 32: 427-442. Gray, G. M. 1939b. Cutlass fish is rare find. Falmouth Enterprise Gross, A. 0. 1923. July 25, 1939. The black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax naevius) of Sandy Neck. Auk 40: 1-30. Gray, G. M. 1939c.

They call it Leather] acket. Falmouth Enterprise. Groto, S. 1899. Notes on some exotic species of ectoparasitic Gray, G. M. 1940a. trematodes. J. Sci. Coll. Imp. Univ., Tokyo 12: The finding of a rare starfish. Collecting Net 15: 263-295. 181-182. Gudger, E. W. 1930. Gray, G. M. 1940b. The opah or moonfish, Lampris luna, on the The sea horse Tethys (Aplysia) wilcoxi peruiri- eastern coast of North America. Am. Nat. 64: dis. Falmouth Enterprise. 168-178. 19 Harger

Gudger, E. W. 1933. Hahn, C. W. 1917-1918. A second barn-door skate Raja stabuliforis, On the sporozoon parasites of the fishes of Woods with pectorals non-adherent to the head. Am. Hole and vicinity. I-III. Mus. Novit. 600: 1-10. I. Further observations on Myxobolus musculi from Fundulus. J. Parasit. 3: 91-104. Gudger, E. W. 1934. II. Additional observations upon Myxobolus musculi of and a nearly Coelenterates as enemies of fish. II. Jellyfishes Fundulus related as fish-eaters. Bull. N. Y. Zool. Sec. 37: 47-58. species, M. pleuronectidae of Pseudopleuw- nectes americanus. J. Parasit. 3: 150-162. HI. Gudger, E. W. 1936. On the Chloromyxum clupeidae of Clupea Open ocean and coastal sharks: do they attack harengus (Young), Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Young) and P. aestivalis (Young). men? Collecting Net 11: 149, 156-159. J. Parasit. 4: 13-20. [1917] Gudger, E. W. 1942. Physalia, the fish-eater. The Portuguese Man-of- Hahn, Jan. 1953. War sails the tropic seas and discharges its Strange sea hare found on Cape Cod. Maine Coast stinging batteries when small fishes touch its Fisherman 8(5): 1. (December) tentacles. Animal Kingdom 45(3): 62-66. Haight, F. J. 1938. Gudger, E. W. 1950. Currents in Narragansett Bay, Buzzards Bay, and A boy attacked by a shark, July 25, 1936, in Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds. 2nd edition, re- Buzzards Bay, Mass. Am. Midi. Nat. 44: 714-719. vised. Spec. Publ. U. S. Cst. geod. Surv. 208: 103 pp.

Guillard, R. R. L. and J. H. Ryther. 1962. Hanks, J. E. 1952. The effect of changes in water temperature and Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt, and Detonula confervcea (Cleve) salinity on the feeding habits of the boring snails, Polinices heros and Polinices duplicata. p. 33-37. Gran. Can. J. Microbiol. 8: 229-239. In: Turner, H. J. Jr. Report on investigations of the shellfisheries of Massachusetts for 1952. Gulliver, P. P. 1904. Common- wealth of Massachusetts, Dept. Natural Resources, Nantucket shorelines. II. Bull. geol. Soc. Am. Div. Marine Fisheries. 37 pp. [prepared by the Woods 15: 507-522. Hole Oceanographic Institution — filed in MBL with H. Turner's reprints] Gulliver, F. P. 1906. Wauwinet-Coskata Tombolo, Nantucket, Massa- Hanks, J. E. 1957. chusetts. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. Rept 76: 536. Shellfish predators. Studies on the reproduction and (Abstr.) early life history of the clam drills, Polinices duplicata and P. triseriata, p. 17-21. In: Turner, H. J., Gulliver, F. P. 1910. Jr. Report on investigations of the shellfisheries Nantucket shorelines, IV. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. of Massachusetts for 1957. Commonwealth of Massa- 29: 670. (Abstr.) chusetts, Dept. Natural Resources, Div. Marine Fisheries. 30 pp. [prepared by the Woods Hole Gutknecht, John. 1961. Oceanographic Institution — filed in MBL with H. Mechanism of radioactive zinc uptake by Ulva J. Turner's reprints] lactuca. Limnol. Oceanogr. 6: 426-431. Hanks, J. E. 1963. Gutknecht, John. 1963. Reproduction and larval development of the New Zn^*^ uptake by benthic marine algae. Limnol. England clam drill, Polinices duplicatus (Say) Oceanogr. 8: 31-38. (Naticidae: Gastropoda). Proc. 16th Int. Congr. Zool.l: 227. (Abstr.) Hag, Mrs. Jeelani. 1965. Records of some interstitial mites from Nobska Hansen, H. J. 1915. The Crustacea Euphausiacea of the United States Beach together with a description of the new genus National Museum. Proc. U. S. natn. Mus. 48: 59- and species Psammonsella nobskae of the family Rhodacaridae, (Acarina Mesostigimata). Acaro- lU. logia 7: 411-419. Harger, Oscar. 1878. Descriptions of new genera and species of Isopoda Hahn, C. W. 1915. from New England and adjacent regions. Am. J. Sci. Sporozoon parasites of certain fishes in the vicinity & Arts 15: 373-379. of Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U. S. 33: 191-214. Harger 20

Harger, Oscar. 1880a. Hargitt, C. W. 1909a. Notes on New England Isopoda. Proc. U. S. natn. Further observations on the behavior of tubicolous Mus. 2: 157-165. [1879] annelids. J. exp. Zool. 7: 157-187.

Hargitt, C. W. 1909b. Harger, Oscar. 1880b. New and little known hydroids of Woods Hole. Biol. Report on the marine Isopoda of New England and Bull. 17: 369-385. adjacent waters. Rept U.S. Comm. Fish. 1878: 297- 462. Hargitt, C. W. 1910. Observations on the spawning habits of Hydroides Hargitt, C. W. 1900a. dianthus. Am. Nat. 44: 376-378. A contribution to the natural history and development of Pennaria tiarella McCr. Am. "Nat. 34: 387- Hargitt, C. W. 1911. 415. Some problems of coelenterate ontogeny. J. Morph. 22: 493-549. Hargitt, C. W. 1900b. Variation among Hydromedusae. Science n.s. 12: Hargitt, C. W. 1914. 340-342. The Anthozoa of the Woods Hole region. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U. S. 32: 223-254. Hargitt, C. W. 1901. Variation among Hydromedusae. Biol. Bull. 2: 221- Hargitt, C. W. and G. T. Hargitt. 1910. 255. Studies in the development of Scyphomedusae. Hargitt, C. W. 1902a. J. Morph. 21: 217-262. Note on the coelenterate fauna of Woods Hole. Am. Hargitt, G. T. 1902. Nat. 36: 549-560. Notes on the regeneration of Gonionema. Biol. Hargitt, C. W. 1902b. Bull. 4: 1-12. Notes on a few medusae new to Woods Holl. Biol. Harper, F. 1928. Bull. 4: 13-23. Fishes. Bull. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. 49: 17-19. Hargitt, C. W. 1904a. Harshberger, J. W. 1914. The early development of Eudendrium. Zool. Jb. The vegetation of Nantucket. Bull, geogr. Soc. Abt. Anat. und Ontog. 20: 257-276. Philad. 12: 70-79.

Hargitt, W. C. 1904b. Hartman, O'lga. 1942a. The early development of Pennaria tiarella McCr. A review of the types of polychaetous annelids at Arch. EntwMech. Org. 18: 453-488. the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll. 8 Hargitt, C. W. 1905a. (1): 1-98. The medusae of the Woods Hole region. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U. S., 1904: 24: 21-79. Hartman, Olga. 1942b. The identity of some marine annelid worms in the Hargitt, C. W. 1905b. U. S. National Museum. Bull. U.S. natn. Mus. 92: Notes on the variations of Rhegmatodes. Biol. Bull. 101-140. 9: 368-377. Hartman, Olga. 1944. Hargitt, C. W. 1905c. New England Annelida. Part 2 including the un- Variations among Scyphomedusae. J. exp. Zool. 2: published plates by Verrill with reconstructed 547-584. captions. Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 82(7): 327- 344. Hargitt, C. W. 1906a. Experiments on the behavior of tubicolous annelids. Harvey, E. B. 1939a. J. exp. Zool. 3: 295-320. Arbacia. Collecting Net 14: 180-181.

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Harvey, E. B. 1949b. Hinckley, Isaac. 1882. Growth and metamorphosis of the Arbacia punctu- The fish-eating cows of Provincetown, Massa- lata pluteus. Biol. Bull. 97: 287-299. chusetts. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U. S. 1: 134. Harvey, E. B. 1953. simplified electrical A method of determining the Hi saw, F. L. and A. Albert. 1947. sex of sea urchin^ and other marine animals. Biol. Observations on the reproduction of the spiny dog- Bull. 105: 365.(Abstr.) fish Squalus acanthias. Biol. Bull. 92: 187-199.

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Linton, Edwin. 1921. Linton, Edwin. 1936. Rhynchobothrium insens spec. nov. a parasite of A fungoid parasite in the kidney of the butter- the dusky shark (Carcharhinus obscurus). J. fish (Poronotus triacanthus). Trans. Amer. Parasit. 8: 22-32. micr. Soc. 55: 93-96.

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Palmer 34

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Notice of a filefish new to the fauna of the United Smith, S. I. 1873. States. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U.S. 18: Report upon the invertebrate animals of Vineyard 273-278. Sound and the adjacent waters, with an account of the physical characters of the region. C. The meta- 1901. Smith, H. M. (Compiler) morphoses of the lobster and other Crustacea. Additions to the fish fauna in 1899. In Biological ReptU. S. Comm. Fish. 1871-1872: 522-537. notes from the Biological Laboratory of the U.S. Fish Commission, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Smith, S. I. 1874-1878. Bull. Wildl. Serv. U.S. 19: 309-310. Fishery Fish The early stages of Hippa talpoida, with a note on [1900] the structure of the mandibles and maxillae in Hippa and Remipes. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Smith, H. M. 1902a. Sci. 3: 311-342. [1877] Additions to the fish fauna of Woods Hole. Fishery

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INDEX Aboriginal 56

Aboriginal, shell mounds Acineta Baird, S. F., 1882 feeding Abothrium rugosum Peck, J. I.. 1896 Linton, E., 1941 Acinetopsis tentaculata Abralia megalops Root, F. M., 1922 Verrill, A. E.. 1882b Acipenser brevirostris Abundance, fish Smith, H. M., 1898a Sherwood, S. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 host for Echinorhynchus attenuatus Acanthobothrium paulum Linton, E., 1892a parasite of Trygon centrura Acipenser oxyrhynchus Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Dichelestium sturionis Acanthocephala Rathbun, R., 1885 Linton, E., 1901b, 1932, 1933 Acipenser sturio parasitic on fish Smith, H. M., 1898a Linton, E., 1892a host for Nitaschia elegans Acanthocheilus nidifex Linton, E., 1898c parasite of Galeocerdo arcticus Acorn barnacles Linton, E., 1934c see Balanus, see Chthamalus parasite of Galeocerdo tigrinus Acorn worms Linton. E.. 1901a see Hemichordata parasite of Sphyroma zygaena Acoustic orientation Linton, E., 1934c fishes and invertebrates M., Acanthochondr ia exilipes Moulton, J. 1963 parasite of Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Acrochaetium alcyonidiae Jao, 1936 Wilson, C. B.. 1932 C. C, Acanthocolpidae Acrochaetium alcyonidia e var. c ylindricum of Waquoit Bay Jao, C. C, 1936 Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1942 Acrochaetium attenuatum Acanthocotyle verrilli Jao, C. C, 1936 Manter, H. W., 1926 Acrochaetium compactum parasite of "skate" Jao, C. C, 1936 Acrochaetium Groto, S., 1899 emergens Acanthohaustorius intermedius Jao, C. C, 1936 Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Acrochaetium intermedium Acanthohaustorius millsi Jao, C. C, 1936 Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Acrochaetium microfilum Acanthohaust orius shoemakeri Jao, C. C, 1936 Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Acrochaetium minimum Acanthohaustorius spinosus Collins, F. S., 1908c Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Acrochaetium moniliforme var. mesogloiae Acartia clausi Jao, C. C, 1936 Anraku, M., 1962 Acrochaetium radiatum Jao, Deevey, G. B., 1948 C. C, 1936 Acartia tonsa Acrochaetium subseriatum Anraku, M., 1962 Jao, C. C, 1936 Deevey, G. B., 1948 Acrochaetium unifilum Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Jao, C. C, 1936 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Acrocheate repens Collins, S., 1906 host for metacerceria of Lecithaster confusus F. Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1943a Acrocirrus leidyi migration, vertical Hartman, O., 1942a Verrill, 1882a, Schallek, W., 1942 A. E. , 1882b Acephala Acrothrix novae angliae Verrill, A. E., 1873 Taylor, W. R., 1928 Acerotisai baiae Actinauge verrilli W., Hyman, L., 1952 Hargitt, C. 1914 Achelia scabra Actinozoa Wilson, E. B., 1880 phylogeny Achirus fasciatus McMurrich, J. P., 1891a host for Lepocreadium trullaforme Adelopoda ramabula

W. , Linton, E., 1942 Pennak, R. 1942a, 1942b morphology, optic Aega psora Harger, 1880a Parker, G. H., 1903 0., 57 Algae

Aeolida papillosa Alectrion obsoleta Moore, G. M., 1950 olfactory organs Russell, H. D., 1964 Copeland, M. A., 1918 Aeolis pilata Alentiana aurantiaca

nematocysts Hartman, P., 1942a , 1944 Kepner, W. A., 1943 Algae Aetea sica Bernatowicz, A. J., 1958 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Blum, J. L., 1960 Aeverrillia armata Doty, M. S.,1948 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Farlow, W. G., 1883 Aeverrillia setigera Lewin, J. C, R. A. Lewin, D. E. Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Philpott, 1958

morphology Lewis, I. P., 1916

Rogick, M. D., 1945-1949 Lewis, I. P. & R. H. CoUey, 1916 Agardhiella tenera Lewis, L P. & W. R. Taylor, 1921, 1928 life history Margalef, R., 1960b Lewis, I. F., 1912 Reimann, B. E. P., J. M. C. Lewin & Aggregation, physiological effects R. R. L. Guillard, 1963 Ophioderma brevispina Schuh, R. E., 1900a, 1900b Allee, W. C, 1927 Setchell, W. A., 1922 Aglantha conica Shaw, W. N., 1962 Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Taylor, W. R., 1928, 1937, 1941, 1960 Aglaophessia minuta Taylor, W. R. & J. C. Palmer, 1963 Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Thivy, P., 1942, 1943 Aglaura hemistoma Wood, R. D., 1962 Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Yamanouchi, S., 1906-1907 Alaimonema multicinctum alternation of generations

Cobb, N. A., 1920 Lewis, I. P., 1912 ALBATROSS, R/V anaerobiosis station data Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 Tanner, Z. L., 1885, 1886, 1887, 1889 association Albula vulpes with Ectoprocta Smith, H. M., 1898a Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Alcippe lampas with marine fungi larvae Vishniac, H. S., 1956 Visscher, J. P., 1938 benthic morphology & distribution Conover, J. T., 1958 Genthe, K. W., 1905 primary productivity Alcyonidium polyoum Bachmann, R. W. & E. P. Odum, 1960 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 seasonal production Alcyonidium rostrata Conover, J. T., 1958 Verrill, A. E., 1872 Zinc 65 uptake Alcyonidium verrilli Bachman, R. W. & E. P. Odum, 1960 Osburn, R. C, 1912 blue-green Alcyonium carneum Gutknecht, J., 1963 Hargitt, C. W., 1914 development Alebion crassus Chester, G. C, 1896 parasite of Sphyrna zygaena holdfasts Wilson, C. B., 1932 Derick, C. M., 1899 Alebion fuscus distribution Wilson, C. B., 1921 Collins, P. S., 1891, 1896 Alebion glabrum Cleland, R. E., 1918 Wilson, C. B., 1905b, 1906 Doty, M. S., 1948 Alebion gracile Parlow, W. G., 1873, 1882a, 1882b, 1883 Wilson, C. B., 1906 drifting Alectis crinitus Collins, P. S., 1914 Smith, H. M., 1938 flowering of Nauset Alectrion Muskegat bland locomotion, pedal cilia Miller, G. S., 1897 Copeland, M. A., 1919 freezing and drying Alectrion obsoleta Kanwisher, J., 1957 feeding Copeland, M. A., 1918 Algae 58

Algae Algae intertidal unicellular wave effects upon at W. Falmouth physiology of

Kingsbury, J. M., 1960, 1962 McLachlan, J., 1961 life cycle water temperatures and associated algae of

Lewis, 1. F., 1909, 1914 Woods Hole Osterhout, W. J. V., 1896 Davis, B. M., 1913b Littoral Woods Hole polysaccharides of Davis, B. M., 1913a. Lewin, R. A., 1955 zoogeography and Cape Cod morphology Setchell, W. A., 1922 Simons, E. B., 1906 AUocreadiinae Penikese Island Linton, E., 1934a Croasdale, H., 1948 Allosphaerium caudatum Jordan, D. S., 1874 Association

Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1933 Orchestia agilis new species Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Collins, F. S., 1908c Allosphaerium convexa Hulburt, E. M., 1957 association with Talorchestea longicornis Jao, C. C, 1936 Allosphaerium granulosum of mud flats association with Orchestia Moul, E. T. & D. Mason, 1957 Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 phosphorus uptake Allosphaerium palustris Kuenzler, E. J. & B. H. Ketchum, 1962 association with Talorchestia physical Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 chemical influences on Allosphaerium sulcatum Davis, B. M., 1913b association with Orchestia palustris physiological ecology Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Curl, H., Jr. &G. C. McLeod, 1961 Almyracuma proximoculi physiology Jones, N. S. & W. D. Burbanck, 1959 Gifford, C. E. & E. P. Odum, 1961 Alosa cyanonoton Robbins, W. J., 1916 Storer, D. H., 1848b Ryther, J. H. & R. R. L. Guillard, 1962 Alosa lineata Ryther, J. H. & D. D. Kramer, 1961 Storer, D. H., 1848b Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 Alosa menhaden unicellular Atwood, N. E., 1866b McLachlan, J., 1961 behavior pigments Blake, J. H., 1871 Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1961, migration 1962 Blake, J. H., 1871 planktonic Alosa sapidissima Great Pond Fowler, H. W., 1917 Hulburt, E. M., 1956b, 1963 Alosa vulgaris iron requirements Lyman, T., 1861 Ryther, J. H. & D. D. Kramer, 1961 Alopias vulpes morphology Smith, H. M., 1898a Guillard, R. R.L. & J. H. Ryther, 1962 Alternation of generations productivity, rocky intertidal zone Rhodophyta Gifford, C. E. & E. P. Odum, 1961 Lewis, \. F., 1912 radioactive Aleutha depressa Blake, J. W., 1961 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 zinc uptake Alutera monoceros Gutnecht, J., 1961 resembling Balister monoceros red Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1899b see seasonal cycle in Vineyard Sound U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Lillick, L. C, 1937 Alutera schoepfii symbiosis host for Dibothrium aluterae Boschma, H., 1925 Linton, E., 1889 taxonomy host for Distomum pallens Lewin, J. C, 1958 Linton, E., 1898c tidal rhythm host for Distomum valdeinflatum Faure-Fremiet, E., 1951b Linton, E., 1898c 59 Amphipoda

Alutera schoepfii Ammodytes hexapterus host for Lemaeolphus sultanus Richards, S. A., et al. 1963 Rathbun, R., 1885 Ammotium salsum host for Rhynchobothrium buibifer Parker. F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Linton. E.. 1897 Ammotrypane aulogaster Alutera ventralis Hartman, 0., 1942b, 1944 C. C. Taylor, K B. Bigelow & H. W. Ammotrypane fimbriata Graham, 1957- Amaroucium constellatum Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & development 0. Harger. 1873 Jackson, S. F., 1958 Amouroucium constellatum Scott, Sister F. M., 1942, 1945-1952 Verrill, A. E.. 1871b larval metamorphosis Ampelisca Grave, C, 1941b Mills, E. L., 1963 Amaroucium glabrum Anipelisca abdita Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Mills, E. L.. 1964a Amaroucium pellucidum Ampelisca compressa Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Cushman, J. A., 1906 Verrill, A. E., 1871b Holmes. S. J.. 1905 Amaroucium pellucidum constellatum Ampelisca macrocephala Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Cushman. J. A., 1906a behavior, tadpole larvae Ampelisca vadorum Grave, C, 1920 morphology Amarouciur.i stellatum Mills. Eric L.. 1964a Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Amphiascus commensalis Verrill. A. E.. 1871b Seiwell. H. R.. 1929 morphology Amphiascus dactylifer Metcalf, M. M., 1895 WTTion. C. B., 1932 Ameiurus nebulosus Amphidinium embryos pigments Armstrong, P. B., 1957 Maragalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 host for Corallobothrium fimbriatum productivity Linton, E., 1941 Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Americanus aerjeus Amphidinium carteri nom. nov. larvae Hulburt, E.M.. 1957 Mead, A. D., 1898 iron requirements Americanus americanus Ryther, J. H. & D. D. Kramer. 1961 larvae physiology Mead, A. D., 1898 McLachlan. 1961 Americanus harengus Amphidinium crassum larvae Hulburt. E.M.. 1957 Mead, A. D., 1898 Amphidinium sphenoides Amino acids Hulburt, E.M., 1957 effect on development Amphidinum wislouchi Mathews, A. P., 1909 Hulburt. E-M.. 1957 uptake by invertebrates Amphineura W. Stephens, G. C. & R. A. Schinske, 1958 Hunter, R. & S. C. Brown, 1965 hermaphroditism Ammobaculites Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Amphinome pallasic Ammobaculites dilitatus Moore, J. P., 1903b Parker, F. L., 1952 Amphioplus abdita Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Clark, H. L., 1908 Ammochares artifex Gray, G. M.. 1940a Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Amphipleura Ammodiscus rutilans polysaccharides of Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Lewin, A., Ammodytes americanus R. 1955 Amphipoda Smith, H. M., 1898a Bousfield, F. L., 1965 exchange by tidal currents Kidder. G. W. & F. M. Summers, Williams. G. C, 1960 1935 Ammodytes dubius Mills. E. L.. 1964b Smith. S. L, 1877-1882c Richards, S. A.,et al, 1963 anaerobiosis Smith, H M., 1898a Wieser. W. & J. Kanwisher. 1959 Amphipoda 60 Amphipoda Anaitis picta behavior Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Anaperus gardineri Holmes, S. J., 1901, 1903a Graff, L. v., 1911 breeding Anarhichas lupus Mead, A. D., 1898 Smith, H. M., 1898a ecology Anatomy Platzman, S. J., 1960 Dinobothrium key Linton, E., 1922a Holmes, S. J., 1903b Limulus polyphemus new species Patten, W. & W. A. Redenbaugh, 1899 Holmes, S. J., 1905 Malacostraca Mills, E. L., 1962, 1963, 1964a Smith, S. I., 1874-1878 parasites of Mya arenaria W. Summers, F. M. & G. Kidder, 1936 Belding, D. L., 1930 physiology Nemertean Werntz, H. 0., 1963 Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Amphiporus cruentatus Spirorbis borealis Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Schively, M. A., 1897 Amphiporus glutinosus Thysanocephalum crispum anatomy Linton, E., 1892a Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Yoldia limatula Amphiporus ochraceus Drew. G. A., 1899 host for Rhopalarua Anchistrotos occidentalis Meinkoth, M. A., 1956 Wilson, C. B., 1925 Amphiporus viresiens Anchorage area changes anatomy Provincetown Marindin, H. L., 1892a Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Anchovia argyrophana classification development, larval Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Amphithoe compta embryology Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 1873 Anchovia mitchilli Amphithoe lonsimana Fowler, H. W., 1917 Mills, E. L., 1964b Ancinus depressus Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, Richardson, H., 1909 1873 Ancistrocephalus aluterae Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1940,1941 parasite of Ceratacanthus schoepfi life history Linton, E., 1941 Holmes, S. J., 1901 Ancistrocephalus microcephalus Amphitrite attenuata parasite of Mola mola Moore, J. P., 1906 Linton, E., 1941 Amphitrite omata Ancyrocephalus parvus development parasite of Strongylura marina Mead, A. D., 1897 Linton. E.. 1942 spawning Anemonia sargassensis C. W., 1 908, 1914 Scott, J. W., 1909, 1911 Hargitt, tolerance to low salinity Angiospermae Milne, 1951 Pearse, A. S., 1928 Milne, L. & M. Anachis avara Moul, E. T., 1964 Renn, C. E., 1936a larvae distribution Scheltema, R. S. & A. H. Scheltema, Collins, F. S., 1891 1963 Elizabeth Islands Anaerobic survival Fogg, J. M., Jr., 1930 Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 Penikese Island Anaitides catenola Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1933 1944 Hartman, 0., 1942b, parasites of Anaitis formosa Renn, C. E., 1935, 1936b Verrill. A. E.. 1880-1886 Anguilla bostonensis Costello, D. P., 1946a 61 Anomalocera pattersonii

Anguilla chrysypa Annelida Smith, H. M., 1898a behavior host for Deropristis inflata feeding Manter, H. W., 1926 Copeland, M. & H. L. Wieman, 1924 host for Distomum grandiporum Faulkner, G. H., 1931 Linton, E., 1898c Gross, A. C, 1921 parasites of breeding Linton, E., 1901a Mead, A. D., 1898 Anguilla rostrata Thompson, A. D., 1898 Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1942 community ecology Fowler, H. W., 1917 Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & Meek, S. E., 1883 G. C. Whitely, Jr., 1956 behavior cytology Nye, W., Jr., 1883 Wilson, E. B., 1892 host for Proteocephalus macwcephalus development Linton, E., 1941 Allyn, H. M., 1912 host for Rhynchobothhum heterospine Child, C. M., 1900 Linton, E., 1897 Mensch, P. C, 1900 Anguilla vulgaris Schively, M. A., 1897 host for Echinorhynchus agilis early Linton, E., 1889 Mead, A. D., 1897 host for Taenia dilatata larval Linton, E., 1889 Campbell, M. A., 1957 Angulochrysis erratic a distribution Lackey, J. B., 1940 Hartman, O., 1942a Angulus modestus gametogenesis Verrill, A. E., 1872 Turner, H. J., Jr. & J. E. Hanks, 1960 Animal-sediment relationships heliotropism, larval Sanders, H. L., 1958-1960 Kanda, S., 1919 Anisonema orbiculatum hermophroditism Lackey, J. B., 1940 Gregory, L. H., 1905 Anisoporus manteri morphology life history Langdon, F. E., 1900 Hunninen, A. B. & R. M. Cable, 1940 new species 1941 Moore, J. P., 1903a, 1905a, 1906, 1907a, 1907b Annelida Pettibone, M. H., 1955, 1956 Copeland, M., 1935 Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Lewis, M.. 1897 parasites of Lyman, T., 1861 Calkins, G. N., 1915 Moore, J. P., 1900, 1904, 1905b Linton, E., 1915d Pettibone, M. H., 1963 Martin, W. E., 1944 Plaine, H. L., 1952 parasitic Allen, Turner, H. J. & J. E. Hanks, 1959 M. J., 1952 Verrill, A. E., 1873, 1880-1886, 1882a pelagic Moore, J. P., 1903b Verrill, A. F., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 Rand's Harbor W. U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Burbank, D., M. E. Pierce & G. C. Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Whiteley, Jr., 1956 regeneration Welch, P. S., 1917, 1933 Smith, S. D., Wells, G. P., 1961 1963 autecology reproduction Martin, E. A., Rankin, J. S., Jr., 1946 1933 behavior salinity influence on Copeland, M., 1930 Sayles, L. P., 1935 seasonal Hargitt, C. W., 1906a, 1909a, 1910 distribution Just, E. E., 1914 Woods Hole Fish, Lillie, F. R. & E. E. Just, 1913 C. J., 1925 Miner, R. W., 1912 tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., Mortensen, E. & P. S. Galtsolf, 1944 1928 Verrill's unpublished plates Scott, J. W.. 1909, 1911 Hartman, 0., 1944 Waterman, A. J., 1934 Yerkes, A. W., 1906 Woods Hole Welch, P. S., 1917, 1933 Anomalocera pattersonii Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Anomia aculeata 62

Anomia aculeata Anthozoa fossil behavior Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Hargitt. C. W., 1907 Anomia paucistriata feeding Miocene AUabach. L. F., 1905 Brown. T. C. 1905 Boschma, H.. 1925 Anomia simplex phylogeny and Polydora ciliata McMurrich. J. P., 1891a Plaine, H. L., 1952 symbiosis Anomia simple xijormis Boschma, H., 1925 Miocene Antibiosis Brown. T. C, 1905 in sea water Anoncholaimus mobilis Saz, A. K., 1963 Cobb. N. A.. 1920 Anti-fouling Anoplodactylus lentus Balanus balanoides Wilson, E. B., 1880 Clarke, G. L., 1947 behavior Balanus ebumeus Cole. L. J., 1901 Clarke, G. L.. 1947 feeding Mytilis edulis Cole, L. J., 1906 Clarke. G. L.. 1947 blood cells, colored Anti-staphylococcal factor in sea water Dawson, A. B., 1934 Saz, A. K., S. Watson, S. R. Brown, Anoplophrya arches tii D. L. Lowery, 1963 S^I^ers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 Antithamnion floccosum Anthura brunnea epiphytic on Laminaria longicruris Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith 4 0. Harger, Collins, F. S., 1914 1873 Anurida maritima Anthura polita embryology Harger, 0., 1880a Claypole, A. M., 1898 Anthobothnum laciniatum oogenesis parasite of Carcharias obscurus Claypole, A. M., 1898 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Apeltes quadracus parasite of Prionace glauca Fowler, H. W., 1917 Linton, E., 1898b development, larval Anthobothnum pulvinatum Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Linton. E., 1889-1891 embryology parasite of Dasyatis centrura Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe. 1917 Linton. E., 1898b exchange by tidal currents parasite of Trygon centrura Williams. G. C. 1960 Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Anisoporus manteri Anthocephalum gracile Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable. 1940, parasite of Trygon centrura 1941 Linton, E.. 1889-1891 morphology Anthoceros Harper, F., 1928 morphology Aphanocapsa pulchra Davis, B. M.. 1899 Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor. 1928 Anthostoma acutum Aphanostoma olivaceum A. E. 1888-1892c Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harper, Verrill. 1873 Apherusa gracilis Anthostoma crassum Holmes. S. J.. 1905 Rathbun, R., 1885 Aphrodita hastata Anthostoma fragile Moore. J. P.. 1905a Verrill. A. E.. S. \. Smith & 0. Harper. Aphroditidae 1873 Pettibone, M. H.. 1963 Anthostoma robustum Aplidium pallidum Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Verrill. A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger 1873 Apogon maculatus Anthozoa Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901 Hargitt, C. W.. 1914 Arabella Verrill. A. E., 1873. 1880-1886. 1898 parasite of Diopatra cuprea Allen, M. J.. 1952 Arabella tricolor Hartman. 0., 1942b, 1944 63 Argulus megalops

Arabella opalina Archaeoplax signifera behavior Packard, A. S., 1900 Miner, R. W.k 1912 Stimpson, W., 1863 tolerance to low salinity Miocene Pearse, A. S., 1928 Cushman, J. A., 1905b Arabella spinifera Archiannelida Moore, J. P., 1906 Moore, J. P., 1904 Arachnida Arenicola anaerobiosis climatic (winter) effects on Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 Parker, R. W., 1934 Arachnoidea development behavior Child, C. M., 1900 Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1911 Arenicola Merostomata larvae predators behavior Turner, H. J., Jr., J. C. Ayers & Welsh, J. H., 1933 C. L. Wheeler, 1948 heliotropism Arbacia Kanda, S., 1919 Harvey, E. B., 1939a & b Arenicola caroledna color changes Wells, n. P. 1961 Parker, G. H., 1931 Arenicola marina development tolerance to low salinity Allee, W. C. & C. Evans, 1937 Pearse, A. S., 1928 egg Areoparrella mexicana carbon dioxide, effect on Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Haywood, C. & W. S. Root, 1930 Arenosetella fissilis larval behavior Pennak, R. W., 1942a geotaxis Arenostella spinicauda Lyon, E. P., 1906a Wilson. C. B.. 1932 parthenogenesis Argulidae Greeley, A. W., 1902 Wilson, C. B., 1903b reproduction Argulus alosae sex determination Wilson, C. B., 1903b, 1905a Harvey, E. B., 1939c, 1953 Argulus catostomi Wilson, C. B., 1905a Arbacia punctulata Argulus funduli Auclair, W., 1965 Wilson, C. B., 1903b, 1905a Jackson, R. T., 1927 Argulus l aticauda amino acids Rathbun, R., 1885 influence on egg Verrill. A. E., S. I. Smith & Mathews, A. P., 1909 O. Harger, 1873 behavior Wilson, C. B., 1903b, 1905a feeding Argulus latus Parker, G. H., 1932 Rathbun, 1885 development R., Verrill. A. E.. S. 1. Smith & AHee, W. C. & G. Evans, 1937a 0. Hareer. 1873 pluteus arms Wilson, C. B., 1903b Glaser, 0., 1950 Argulus megalops gamete viability Rathbun, R., 1885 Cheney, R. H., 1950 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & growth and metamorphosis 0. Harger, 1873 Harvey, E. B., 1949a, 1949b Wilson, B., 1903b, 1905a hermaphroditism C. Zimmerman, A. M., S. B. Zimmerman & E. B. Harvey, 1960 morphology Jackson, R. T., 1927 phototaxis Holmes, S. J., 1912 reproduction Palmer, L., 1935 Archaeology Harwich Julien, A. A., 1907 Argulus megalops 64

Argulus megalops Arthropoda larvae behavior Wilson, C. B., 1903a Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, Armadillidium vulgare H. M. Webb, 1954 embryology Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. McMurrich, J. P., 1895 Sandeen, H. M. Webb, 1953 Armorella spaerica Brown, F. A., Jr. & M. N. Hines, 1952 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen, N. Artemia salina Fingerman, 1952 growth estimates Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen, Sutcliffe, W. H., Jr., 1965 C. L. Ralph, 1954 Arthropoda Brown, F. A., Jr. &G. C. Stephens, 1951 Atwood, N. E., 1865 Brown, F. A., Jr. & H. M. Webb, 1949 Bigelow, R. P., 1941 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Burbanck, W. D., 1959, 1961, 1962 Bennett, 1955a Burbanck, W. D. & M. P. Burbanck, 1958 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, Claff, C. L., J. N. Sudak & L. Moloney, M. F. Bennett, M. I. Sandeen, 1954 1958 Brown, F. A., H. M. Webb, R. C. Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 Graves, 1952 Cushman, J. A., 1906a Bumpus, H. C, 1901 Dawson, A. B., 1934 Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske, J. R. Comer, Fingerman, M., 1955 1964 Hansen, H. J., 1915 Cole, L. J., 1901 Harger, 0., 1880a, 1880b Dembowski, J. B., 1926 Herrick, F. H., 1911 Holmes, S. J., 1901, 1903a Hitchcock, E. & A. A. Gould, 1883 Johnson, W. H. & J. E. G. Raymont, 1939 Kidder, G. W. 8l F. M. Summers, 1935 Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1911 Menzies, R. J. & C. Beckman, 1958 Nye, W., Jr. ,1887c Mills, E. L., 1964b Parker, G. H., 1902 Lyman, T., 1861 Pearl, R., 1904 Schallek, W., 1942 Pearse, A. S., 1914a & b 1904a Rabin, H. & F. B. Bang, 1964 Spaulding, E. G., A. Brown, 1958 Rathbun, R., 1887b Webb, H. M. & F. M., F. A. Brown & R. C. Graves, Rathbun, M. J., 1905 Webb, H. Richardson, H., 1909 1952 Welsh, H., 1932, 1933 Sanders, H. L., 1957, 1963a, 1963b J. Sharpe, R. W., 1911 White, G. M., 1924 1902a Shuster, C. N., 1950 Yerkes, R., feeding Smith, S. I., 1877-1882b, 1877-1882c, Omori, 1963 1878-1882, 1880 Anraku, M. & M. Cole, L. J., 1906 Smith, W. R., 1964 De la Cruz, A. H., 1960 Stunkard, H. W., 1950b, 1956 Fuller, L., 1937 Sumner, F. B., 1909 J. M. M., 1963 Thompson, M. T., 1904b MuUin, mating U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Chidester, F. E., 1911 Visscher, J. P., 1938 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Pomerat, C. M., 1933 Wigley, R. L., 1961b, 1963a bioluminescense 1961 Wilkens, J. L. & M. Fingerman, 1965 David, C. N. & R. J. Conover, Wilson, C. B., 1903a, b, 1905a, 1932 Lochhead, J. H., 1954 Wilson, E. B., 1880 breeding Yeatman, H. C, 1963 Mead, A. D., 1898 Zullo, V. A., 1963 commensalism anaerobiosis Pearse, A. S., 1913 Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 community ecology anatomy Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce, Patten, W., H W. A. Redenbaugh, 1899 G. C. Whiteley, Jr., 1956 anti-fouling development Clarke, G. L., 1947 Faxon, W., 1879 a& b behavior McClendon, J. F., 1906-1907 1886a Barnwell, F. H. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1963 Ryder, J. A., & b Bennett, M. F. & F. A. Brown, 1959a & Smith, S. I., 1872, 1873, 1874-1878, 1959b 1877-1882a Bennett, M. F., J. Shriner & R. A. Brown, 1957

Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & M. I. Sandeen, 1953 65 Aschelminthes

Arthropoda Arthropoda development Ostracoda larval distribution 1906b Chamberlain, N. A., 1957 Cushman, J. A., distribution parasites of Genthe, K. W., 1905 Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 1940 Buzzards Bay Coe, W. R., 1920b. Anraku, M., 1962, 1964 Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 diurnal rhythms parasitic Stephens, G. C, 1955 Rathbun, R., 1885, 1887a, 1888 Stephens, G. C, J. P. Green, B. Guttman Reinhard, E. G., 1945, 1946 & R. A. Schinske, 1958 Thompson, M. T., 1902 ecology Wilson, C. B., 1905b, 1906, 1921, 1925 Platzman, S. J., 1960 new species embryology Connolly, C. J., 1929 Bumpus, H. C, 1891 physiology Kingsley, J. S., 1892 Hyde, I. H., 1894 Raymont, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 VIcMurrich, J. P., 1895 Shoup, C. S., 1932 excystation Werntz, H. O., 1963 Trager, W., 1957 planktonic fossil Deevey, G. B., 1948 Cushman, J. A.. 1905 predators Packard, A. S., 1900 Turner, H. J., J. C. Ayers & C. L. Stimpson, W., 1863 Wheeler, 1948 fouling Rands Harbor Parker, G. H., 1924 Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce, G. C. heliolropism Whitely, Jr., 1956 Lyon, E. P., 1906b reproduction intertidal Pearce, J. B., 1964 Pennak, R. W., 1942a & b respiration Pennak, R. W. & D. J. Zinn, 1943 E. 1959 key Raymont, J. G., seasonal production Holmes, S. J., 1903b Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 life history Hyman, 0. W., 1922 sex characteristics G., 1949 Johnson, M. W., 1934 Reinhard, E. metamorphosis symbiosis with Hydrozoa Cole, 1910 Thompson, M. T., 1904a L. J., Miocene winter distribution Irving, L., 1942 Cushman, J. A., 1904a, 1905b morphology Ascaris Linton, E., 1898a Cole, L. J., 1910 Fales, D. E., 1928 Ascari s brevicapitata parasite of Galeocerdo tigrinus Green, J. P., 1964 1910b Hessler, R. R. & H. L. Sanders, 1964 Linton, E, Jenner, C. E., 1955 Ascaris clavata Pollachius virens WiUey, C. H., 1958 parasite of E., 1901a mortality Linton, Fraenkel, G., 1960 Ascaris havena tan natural history parasite of Opsanus Linton. E.. 1901a Hughes, J. T. & G. C. Matthiessen, Ascaris incurva 1962 Xiphias gladius nematode parasites of parasite of Linton, E., 1898a Cobb. N. A., 1928 new species Ascaris inquies parasite of Rachycentron canadum Benedict, J. E., 1901 Linton, E., 1901b Chace, F. A., Jr., 19S linstowi Connolly, C. J., 1929 Ascaris Harger, Oscar, 1878 parasite of Nematonurus goodei Linton. E.. 1901b Holmes, S. J., 1905 lUg, P. L., 1955 Aschelminthes Cobb, N. A., 1932 Jones, N. S. & W. D. Burbanck, 1959 Wieser, W., 1960 Kingsley, J. S., 1895 Mills, E. L., 1962, 1964a anaerobiosis W. 1959 Richardson, H., 1908 Wieser. & J. Kanwisher. Seiwell, H. R., 1929 Aschelminthes 66

Aschelminthes Asterias forbesi ecology morphology, functional Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1961 Budington, R. A., 1942 intertidal distribution natural history Cobb, N. A., 1929 Mead, A. D., 1901 new species parthenogenesis Cobb, N. A., 1920 Greeley, A. W., 1902 parasitic on Copepoda photokinesis Cobb, N. A., 1928 Rockstein, M. & M. Rubinstein, 1957 Ascidia nigra physiology larval metamorphosis Burnett, A. L., 1955 Grave, C, 1941b Asterias rubens Ascidians physiology Verrill, A. E., 1871a Chambers, R., 1930 Ascocyclus distromaticus Asterias spongiosa Taylor, W. R., 1936 Desor, E., 1851a Ascophyllum Asterias vulgaris anaerobiosis breeding Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 Mead, A. D., 1898 Ascophyllum nodosum natural history Collins, F. S., 1914 Mead, A. D., 1901 Asellus communis Asteroidea embryology Agassiz, A., 1877 McMurrich, J. P., 1895 Desor, E., 1851a Asparagopsis hamifera Greeley, A. W., 1902

Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Tennent, D. H. & M. J. Hogue, 1906 Asperococcus superbus autonomy Lewis, \. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1921 Anderson, J. M., 1956 Aspedobothrea behavior classification Rockstein, M. & M. Rubenstein, 1957 Stunkard, H. W., 1962b feeding Astarte castanea Burnett, A. L., 1955, 1960 Carpenter, H. F., 1889 Chidester, F. E., 1929 Winkley, H. W., 1907 Lavoie, M. & G. G. Holz, Jr., 1955 fossil breeding Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Mead, A. D., 1898 Astarte crebricostata embryology Wilson, J. H., 1905 Chambers, R., 1930 Astarte quadrans life history Carpenter, H. F., 1889 Galtsoff, P. S. & V. L. Loosanoff. 1939 Asteracanthion forbesi morphology, functional Desor, E., 1851a Budington, R. A., 1942 Asteracanthion rubens natural history Desor, E. ,1851a Mead, A. D., 1901 Asterias Astrangia danae Desor, E., 1851a Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Asterias forbesi behavior Budington, R. A., 19,42 feeding autonomy Boschma, H., 1925 Anderson, J. M., 1956 symbiosis with Zooxanthellae behavior Boschma, H., 1925 feeding Asymmetrella glabra Burnett, A. L., 1955, 1960 Cobb, N. A., 1920 on Fundulus Atherina notata Chidester, F. E., 1929 Lyman, T., 1861 on Mytilus edulis Athlennes hians Lavoie, M. E., 1956 Smith, H.^1., 1898a << 1898b Lavoie, M. E. & G. G. Holz, Jr., 1955 Attheyella bicolor breeding Wilson, C. B., 1932 Mead, A. D., 1898 Yeatman, H. C, 1963 gametes Atylus swammerdami Chaet, A. B., 1964 Mills, E. L., 1964b life history Amelia Galtsoff, P. S. & V. L. Loosanoff, 1939 occurrence of Mead, A. D., 1898 67 Balanus proteus

Aurelia jlavidula Bacteria morphology, variations Hock, C. W., 1940 Hargitt, C. W., 1905c Renn, C. E., 1937 Austrolaenilla lanelleae Saz, A. K., S. Watson, S. R. Brown & Pettibone, M. H., 1955 D. L. Lowery, 1963 Autecology Smith, W. R., 1964 benthic algae Zobell, C. E., 1939 Conover, J. T., 1958 decomposition of organic matter Clymenella torquata Waksman, S. A., C. L. Carey & Rankin, J. S., Jr., 1964 H. W. Reuszer, 1933 Pecten rate Belding, D. L., 1910b Waksman, S. A. & C. E. Renn, 1936 Autolytus Eel Pond breeding Arcisz, W., E. Wattie & J. L. Dallas, 1953 Mead, A. D., 1898 Kelly, C. B., 1950 Thompson, M. T., 1899 effect on nitrogen cycle Autolytus emertoni Waksman, S. A., M. Hotchkiss & C. L. Hartman, 0., 1942a Carey, 1933 Autolytus mirabilis marine Verrill, A. E ., 1882a, 1882b Renn, C. E., 1937 Autolytus ornatus marine mud Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Reuszer, H.W., 1933 Autolytus varians plankton decomposition in marine mud Hartman, 0., 1942a & 1944 Renn, C. E., 1940 stolonization reduction Mensch, P. C, 1900 hydrogen sulfide Autonoe smithi Berner, R. A., 1963 Holmes, S. J., 1905 sea water Autonomy Reuszer, H. W., 1933 Asterias forbesi sediments Anderson, J. M., 1956 Russell, H. L., 1892, 1893 Leptosynapta inhaerens Balaena Pearse, A. S., 1909 fossil Ophioderma Lyell, C, 1844 Allee, W. C. & J. R. Fowler, 1932 Balaenoptera acuto-rostrata Thyone briareus Allen, G. M., 1916 Pearse, A. S., 1909 Balaenoptera borealis hydranth Allen, G. M., 1916 Morse, M., 1909 Balaenoptera musculus Auxis rochei Allen, G. M., 1916 host for Gasterostomum capitatum Balaenoptera physalus Linton, E., 1940 Allen, G. M., 1916 Auxis thazard Balanoglossus Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1951 life history Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow & H. W. Agassiz, A., 1873 Graham, 1957 Balanoglossus kowaleuskii Aves behavior Laws argentatus Miner, R. W., 1912 Stunkard, H. W., 1953 development parasite host Morgan, T. H., 1892 Cable, R. M. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 Balanus balanoides stomach contents fouling Gross, A. 0., 1923 Clarke, G. L., 1947 Axine gracilis light receptacle organ parasite of Strongylura marina Fales, D. E., 1928 Linton, E., 1942 Balanus ebumeus Bacillaria anti-fouling Ryder, J. A., 1885 Clarke, G. L., 1947 Bacillus limicola development Russell, H. L., 1893 Grave, B. H., 1933 Bacillus litorosus fouling Russell, H. L., 1893 Parker, G. H., 1924 Bacillus maritimus light receptacle organ Russell, H. L., 1893 Fales, D. E., 1928 Bacillus pelagicus Balanus proteus Russell, H. L., 1893 Miocene, Gay Head Cushman, J. A., 1904a Balistes asperrimus 68

Balistes asperrimus Barnstable Harbor Smith, H. H., 1898b Nassarius trivittatus Balistes carolinensis larvae Firth, F. E., 1931 Scheltema, R. S. & A. H. Scheltema, 1965 Balistes sobaco Ostrea Smith, H. M., 1898b growth Balistidae Turner, H. J., Jr., 1950 Smith, H. M., 1898a plankton Bamboo worms Ketchum, B. H., 1954 see Clvmenella and Maldanidae population dynamics Barentsia laxa Mya arenaria morphology Ayers, J. C, 1956 Rogick, M. D., 1945-1949 sediments reproduction Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Rogick, M. D., 1945-1949 tidal rhythm, larvae of Hantzschia amphioxys, intertidal sand Visscher, J. P., 1939 Faure-fremiet, E., 1956 see Cirripedia (shelled types) Barnstable Marsh systematics and distribution Redfield, A. C, 1959, 1965a, 1965b, 1965c Zullo, V. A., 1963 Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962a, 1962b Barometric pressure palynology on Fucus Butler, P., 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., H-M. Webb, & peat W. J. Brett, 1958 Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962a, 1962b Bars, sand sediments composition on outer Cape Butler, P., 1959 Zeigler, J. et al, 1965 Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962a, 1962b Barnstable Bass Rip beach changes U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey Zeigler, J. M. t S. D. Tuttle, 1961 (A. D. Bache), 1847 Sandy Neck Bass River Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Lysiosquilla grayi 1954a, 1954b, 1957 Chace, F. A., Jr., 1958 Zeigler, J. M. et al, 1961 Batea secunda sea level Holmes, S. J., 1905 Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962a & b Bathymetry Vaucheria nasuta of Stellwagen Bank Bernatowicz, A. J., 1958 Zeigler, J. M. & B. Oostdam, 1960 Barnstable County Bathyporeia quoddyensis marine fisheries of Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Batrachus tau Barnstable dunes development plant ecology Clapp, C. M., 1891 Boyce, S. G., 1952, 1954 host for Siphodera vinaledwardsii Barnstable Harbor Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1941 Ampelisca (type locality) Bdelloura propinqua Mills, Eric L., 1964a Verrill, A. E., 1892-1895 ciliate fauna Beach Faure-Fremiet, E. A., 1951a as copepod intertidal habitat circulation Pennak, R. W., 1942a, 1942b Ketchum, B. H., 1954 plants diatom photosynthesis light & Moul, E. T., 1964 Taylor, W. R. & J. D. Palmer, 1963 sand diatom populations of mud flats Orleans Moul, E. T. & D. Mason, 1957 Provincetown heat budget, summer Schlee, J. E., E. Uchupi & J. V. A. Ayers, J. C, 1955 Trumbull, 1964 hydrography textural study Ayers, J. C, 1959 Schalk, M., 1938 intertidal benthic fauna Beach changes Sanders, H. L.,E. M. Goudsmit, daily measurements E. L. Mills & G. E. Hampson, 1962 Zeigler, J. M. & S. D. Tuttle, 1961 Limulus during storms migrations Zeigler, J. M., C. R. Hay«s & S. D. Turner, H. J., Jr., 1951 Tuttle, 1959 69 Chaetopterus variopedatus

Beaches Behavior Shaler, N. S., 1895 Botryllus schlosseri larvae

Zeigler, J. M., 1960 Woodbridge, H., 1924 Chatham breeding near shore studies Thompson, M. T., 1899 U. S. Beach Erosion Board, 1957 breeding habits Duxbury Just, E. E., 1914 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Bugula 1954a & b, 1957 avicularia Zeigler, John, S. Tattle, B. Gill, Forbes, A., 1933 H. Tasha & G. Giese, 1961 larval attachment Martha's Vineyard Lynch, W. F., 1958 Whiting, H. L., 1886 Bugula flabellata Mystacocarida Grave, B. H., 1?30 Pennak, R. W. & D. J. Zinn, 1943 Lynch, W. F., 1949 Outer cape Carcinus Zeigler, J. M., I960 Yerkes, R., 1902a Zeijler, J., S. Tuttle, B. Gill, H. Tasha Chaetopleura apiculata & G. Giese, 1961 spawning habits & stimuli Sandy Neck, Barnstable Grave, B. H., 1922 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, cod 1954a, 1954b, 1957 Atwood, N. E., 1861

Zeigler, J., S. Tuttle, B. Gill, H. Tasha Columbella lunata & G. Giese, 1961 Welsh, J. H., 1933 Beach fleas, hoppers Copepoda see Amphipoda Parker, G. H., 1902 Bearded sponges Schallek, W., 1942 see Microciona prolifera Welsh, J. H., 1933 Beds, intertidal parasitic Savles. R. W. & A. S. Knox, 1943 Wilson, C. B., 1905b Behavior Crepidula Lyman, T., 1861 sex Alectrion Wiiezynski, J. Z., 1955 pedal cilia sexual phases Copeland, M. A., 1919 Coe, M., 1936b Amaroucium pellucidum constellation Cumingia tellinoides tadpole larvae spawning habits & stimuli Grave, L., 1920 Grave, B. H., 1927a Amphipoda Cynthia partita Holmes, S. J., 1903a light responses Amphithoe longimana Grave, C, 1941a Holmes, S. J., 1901 egg laying Anguilla rostrata Scott, J. W., 1909, 1911 Nye, W., Jr., 1883 Ensis directus Annelida Drew, G. A., 1907b Miner, R. W., 1912 Eupagurus Anoplodactylus lentus Spaulding, E. G., 1904a Cole, L. J., 1901 feeding Anthozoa Anoplodactylus lentus Hargitt, C. W., 1907 Cole, L. J., 1906 Arbacia Arbacia Harvey, E. B., 1939a, 1939b Parker, G. H., 1932 larvae, geotaxis of Asterias forbesi Lyon, E. P., 1906a Burnett, A. L., 1955, 1960 Arbacia punctulata Chidester, A. E., 1929 phototaxis Lavoie, M. & G. G. Holz, 1955 Holmes, S. J., 1912 Lavoie, M. E., 1956 Arenicola larvae Astrangia danae Welsh, J. H., 1933 Boschma, H., 1925 Asterias Busycon Rockstein, M. & M. Rubinstein, 1957 Copeland, M., 1918 Balanoglossus kowaleuskii Calanus Miner, R. W., 1912 rate Bioluminescence Fuller, J. L., 1937 Chang, J. J., 1954 Chaetopterus variopedatus Faulkner, G. H., 1931 Behavior 70_ Behavior Behavior feeding light & gravity Copepoda reactions to filter Johnson, W. H. & J. E. G. Raymont, 1939 Blake, J. W., 1961 Limacina retroversa free-living Turbellaria reproduction Jennings, J. B., 1957 Hsiao, S. C, 1939 Gonionemus murbachii Limulus Gudger, F. W., 1934 Pearl, R., 1904 habits Limulus polyphemus Anraku, M. & M. Omuri, 1963 Welsh, J. H., 1933 Idothea baltica mating De la Cruz, A. H., 1960 Pomerat, C. M., 1933 Mya arenaria Littorina littorea Matthiessen, G. C, 1960 Alexander, D. G., 1960 Nereis virens Loligo Copeland, Wieman, L., 1924 M. & H. Verrill, A. E., 1897 Gross, A. C, 1921 sexual Ostrea Drew, G. A., 1911 Galtsoff, P. S., 1929 Loligo pealii Ostrea virginica larvae Jorgensen, C. B., 1952 White, G. M., 1924 Osteichthyes mating Herrick, C. J., 1903 Arnold, J. M., 1962 Physalia Mactra solidissima Gudger, E. W., 1942 Belding, D. L., 1910a chemical control Malacostraca Lenhoff, H. M. & H. A. Schneiderman, 1959 mating Polinices Chidester, F. E., 1911 E., Hanks, J. 1952 Merlucius bilinearis Protochordata Nye, W., Jr., 1887a Jcirgensen, C. B., 1952 Mnemiopsis leidyi Pseudopleuronectes americanus Hunter. G. W., 1904 Linton, E., 1922b Mustelis canis fish Parker, G. H., 1911, 1915 Blake, 1871 J. H., Sheldon, R. E., 1909 reproduction Nassarius 1898a, Bumpus, H. C, 1898b, 1898c Copeland, M., 1918 schooling Nassarius obsoletus Shaw, E,, 1957 schooling & aggregation Fundulus Jenner, C. E., 1956b, 1957, 1958, 1959 spawning Nereis limbata Newman, H. H., 1907 breeding habits Gonionemus Lillie, F. R. & E. E. Just, 1913 Morse, M., 1906, 1907 Nereis virens Murbach, L., 1895, 1909 Copeland, M., 1930 . Gonionema murbachii nest building Yerkes, R. M. & J. B. Ayer, Jr., 1903 Merrill, A. S. & R. D. Turner, 1963 Grammonota inomata Osteichthyes light and reactions Atwood, N. E., 1865 Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1911 Verrill, A. E., 1897 Homarus americanus bio-acoustics reasoning ability Parker, G. H., 1912 Nye, W., Jr., 1887c rheotaxis Hydroides dianthus Lyon, E. P. ,1905 Hargitt, C. W., 1909a Yerkes, A. W., 1906 Ostrea virginica spawning reproduction Hargitt, C. W., 1910 Galtsoff, P. S., 1929 llyanassa Palaemonetes locomotion phototaxis Webb, H. M., P. A. Brown & Lyon, E. P., 1906b Palaemonetes W. J. Brett, 1959a, 1959b vulgaris larvae Leptosynapta inhaerens White, G. M., 1924 swimming Pallene brevirostris Cole, L. J., 1901 Costello, D. P., 1946b 71 Bolina

Behavior Bicidium parasitica Plagiostomum Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Welsh, J. H., 1933 Big fiddler crabs Polychaeta see Uca minax Hargitt, C W., 1906a Bio-acoustics Polydora ligni Osteichthyes Parker, Mortensen, E. & P. S. Galtsoff, 1944 G. H., 1912 Pseudopleuronectes americanus Prionotus spawning Moulton, J. M., 1956 Biological farm, for field studies and Breder, C. M., Jr., 1922a experimentation Reproductive invertebrates of Woods Hole Whitman, C. 0., 1902 Bumpus, H. C, 1898a, 1898b, 1898c Bioluminescence Squilla empusa Backus, R. H., C. S. Yentsch, Bigelow, 1941 R. P., A. Wing, 1961 Tanystylum orbiculare Metridia lucens Cole. J., 1901 L. David, C. N. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Teredo Mnemiopsis leidyi sexual cycle Chang, J. J., 1954 Grave, B. H., 1942 Chase, A. M., 1941 Teredo navalis, Harvey, E. N. & S. P. Marfey, 1958 sexual phases of Penilia avirostris Coe, W. R., 1934, 1936a Lochhead, J. H., 1954 Thyone briareus Bipedinomonas pyriformis Pearse, A. S., 1908 Hulburt, E. M., 1963 Turbellaria seasonal distribution Bush, L., 1964 Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Uca Bird Island Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 Pearse, A. S., 1914a & 1914b Bittium alternatum Uca pugilator Cable, R. A. V. Hunninen, 1942 burrowing M. & host for Spelotrema nicolli cercaria DemboWski, J. B., 1926 Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 1940 Venus mercenaria Bittium nigrum early stages Wilson, J. H., 1905 Turner, H. J., Jr. &C. J.George, 1955 Winkley, H. W., 1907 Bela concinnula Black fiddler crabs Verrill, A. E.. 1880-1886 see Uca pugnax Bela harpularia Black quahogs Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 see Arctica islandica Bela incisula Blood cell counts, invertebrates Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Yeager, J. F. & 0. E. Tauber, 1935 Bela pleurotomaria Blood cells, colored Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Anoplodactylus lentus Belone latimanus Dawson, A. B., 1934 Goode, G. B., 1879 Blood clams Benthic algae see Anadara (various species) see algae Blood stars Benthic invertebrates see Henricia sanguinolenta change with disappearance of eel grass Blood vascular system of tile fish Stauffer, R. C, 1937 Silvester, C. F., 1905 quantitative survey of Menemsha Bight Blood worms see Lee, R. E., 1944 Glycera Blue crabs Parker, R. H., et al, 1964, 1965 see Callinectes sapidus Benthos Bodopsis platyformis Sanders, H. L., 1958-1960 Lackey, J. B., 1940 Buzzards Bay Bolbdaimus punctatus Parker, et al, 1964, 1965 Cobb, N. A.. 1920 intertidal Bolbella tenuidens of Barnstable Harbor Cobb, N. A., 1920 Sanders, H. L., E. M. Goudsmit, Bolina E. L. Mills & G. E. Hampson, 1962 Agassiz, A., 1862 Bianium plicitum parasite of Spheroides maculatus Linton, E., 1934c Bolivina pseudoplicata 72

Bolivina pseudoplicata Bottom fauna community ecology Parker, F. L., 1952 Hadley Harbor Bolivina variabilis Parker, et al, 1964, 1965 Parker, F. L., 1952 Bottom markings Bolocera multicomis Northrop, J., 1951 Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Bottom pressure fluctuations and surface waves Boltenia bolteni Seiwell, H. R., 1948 morphology Bottom topography Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Lieberman, L. N., 1948 Bomolochus albidus Northrop, J., 1951 Wilson, C. B., 1932 of Nantucket Bay parasite of Lophius piscatorius Lidz, L., 1965 Wilson, C. B., 1932 Bougainvilla superciliaris Borer, timber Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Smith, S. I., 1880 Boulders, fossiliferous Boring organ, accessory Crosby, W. 0., 1881 Carriker, M. R. & D. van Zandt, 1964 Bourne Boring snails fishway at Cape Cod Canal Carriker, M. R. & D. van Zandt, 1964 Collins, G. B., 1950 Hanks, J. E., 1963 Bowerbankia gracilis behavior, feeding Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Hanks, J. E., 1952 Bowerbankia imbricata Boring sponges Rogick, M. D., 1945-1949 see Cliona (several species) Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Bostrichobranchus Brachyphallus crenatus Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b Linton, E., 1934c Botany Brackish bogs Hitchcock, E., 1833 sediments Bothriocephalus Berner, R. A., 1963 Linton, E., 1941 Brackish water Bothriocephalus clavatum salt pond parasites Linton, E., 1934c Cobb, N. A., 1928 Bothriocephalus claviceps Brada setosa Linton, E., 1941 Verrill. A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, Bothriocephalus manubriformis 1873 Branchiobdeila ravenellii parasite of Istiophorus americanus parasite of Dasyatis centrura Linton, E., 1941 E., 1901b Bothriocephalus restiformis Linton, parasite of Tylosurus caribbaeus Branchiopoda Linton, E., 1941 bioluminescence Bothriocephalus scorpii Lochhead, J. H., 1954 Linton, E., 1934c, 1941 Bran ia weilfleetensis Bothus maculatus Pettibone. M. H., 1956 Bread sponges U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 see Halichondria host for Dibothrium punctatum Linton, E., 1898b (1897) Breeding Botryllus gouldii Amphipoda development Mead, A. D., 1898 Grave, B. H., 1933 Annelida morphology Mead, A. D., 1898 Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Anthozoa Botryllus schlosseri A. D., Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Mead, 1898 behavior, larval Arthropoda Woodbridge, H., 1924 Mead, A. D., 1898 fouling Thompson, M. T., 1899 Parker, G. H., 1924 Asteroidea habitat, larval Mead, A. D., 1898 Woodbridge, H., 1924 Bugula turrit a reproduction Thompson, M. T., 1899 Watterson, R. L., 1945 Cnidaria variation Mead, A. D., 1898 Bancroft, F. W., 1904 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Bottom fauna community ecology Crustacea Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & G. C. Mead, A. D., 1898 Whiteley, Jr., 1956 Thompson, M. T., 1899 73 Busycon canaliculatum

Breeding time Bryozoa Echinodermata associated with algae Mead, A. D., 1898 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Echinoidea Bubble shells Mead, A. D., 1898 see Haminoea Gastropoda Buccinum lunatum Mead, A. D., 1898 Adams. C. B., 1839a Holuthurioidea Buccinum obsoletum Mead, A. D., 1898 Adams, C. B., 1839a, 1839b Hydrozoa Lyman. T., 1861 Mead, A. D., 1898 Buccinum trivittatum Isopoda Adams, C. B., 1839a, 1839b Mead, A. D., 1898 Buccinum vibex Malacostraca Mead, A. D., 1898 Adams, C. B., 1839b MoUusca Budding Mead, A. D., 1898 larval Gonionema Thompson, M. T., 1899 Perkins, H. F., 1903 Mysidacaea Buffer capacity Mead, A. D., 1898 sea water Nemertinea Michell, P. H. & N. W. Rakestraw, 1933 Coe, W. R., 1899 Bugula Osteichthyes avicularia, behavior Mead, A. D., 1898 Forbes, A., 1933 Polychaeta larval attachment Mead, A. D., 1898 Lynch, W. F., 1958 Scyphozoa metamorphosis Mead, A. D., 1898 Lynch, W. F., 1952 Brevoortia Bugula cucullata spawning Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Rathbun, R., 1894 Bugula cucullifera Brevoortia tyrannus Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Fowler, H. W., 1917 classification 1912 Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Osburn, R. C, development, larval Bugula flabellata Croasdale, 1949 Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Rogick, M. D. & H. embryology behavior, larval Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Grave, B. H., 1930 food of Phoca vitulina concolor Lynch, W. F., 1949 Griffin, D. R., 1936 development host for Lemaeonema radiata Grave, B. H., 1933 Rathbun, R., 1885 life history host for Lemanthropus brevoortiae Grave, B. H., 1930 Rathbun, R., 1888 Bugula turrita parasites of Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Linton, E., 1901a breeding Brewster Thompson, M. T., 1899 topography fouling Simpkins, J., 1806 Parker, G. H., 1924 Brittle stars Bulla gouldii see Ophiuroidea Couthouy. J. P.. 1839 Broken back shrimp Bulla hiemglis see Hippolyte Couthouv. J. P.. 1839 Bromius vulgaris Bulla lineolata Atwood, N. E., 1868 Couthouy. J. P.. 1839 Browns Ledge Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Woods Hole physical oceanography Linton. E., 1915a & 1915b Day, C. G., 1960 history Bryophyta (lichens) Galtsoff, P. S., 1962 Davis, B. M., 1899 scientific investigations, 1923 Bryopsis hypnoides Coker, R. E., 1924 Collins, P. S., 1906 Busycon canaliculatum

Lewis. I. F. & W. R. Taylor. 1921 feeding Bryozoa Copeland, M., 1918 Rogick, M. D.. 1945-1948. 1948 olfactory organs Verrill, A. E., 1873 Copeland, M., 1918 Buzzards Bay 74_

Buzzards Bay Buzzards Bay acephalan fauna shark attack, fatal Agassiz, A., 1862 Gudger, E. W., 1950 algae temperature, water Davis, B. M., 1913a, 1913b Anraku, M., 1962 animal-sediment relationships Parker, F. L., 1952 Sanders, H. L., 1958-1960 zooplankton, seasonal production of Benthos Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 Sanders, H. L., 1958-1960 Byblis serrata bottom sediments Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, Parker, F. L., 1952 1873 Cephalocarida byssis Sanders, H. L., 1957 young Mya arenaria Copepoda distribution Ryder, J. A., 1889 Anraku, M., 1962 Caesira currents Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b Haight, F. J., 1938 Caesira lutulenta ecology, population Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b Anraku, M., 1962 Caesira rohusta Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b fauna Caesira singularis distribution Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b Allee, W. C, 1919, 1922a, 1922c, 1922d, Calanus 1923a, 1923c feeding Verrill, A. E., 1871b Mullin, M. M., 1963 Whiteley, G. C, Jr., W. D. Burbanck & Calanus finmarchicus M. E. Pierce, 1949 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 fisheries Wheeler, W. M., 1901a Nye, W., 1887 distribution. Buzzards Bay food chain Anraku, M., 1962 Peck, J. I., 1896 feeding rate Foraminifera Fuller, J. L., 1937 Cushman, J. H., 1944 grazing foraminiferal facies Anraku, M., 1964 Parker, F. L., 1952 Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 geology growth Mather, K., 1952 Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 hydrography morphology Anraku, M., 1964 Anraku, M. & M. Omori 1963 invertebrate distribution physiology Allee, W. C, 1922d, 1923a Raymont, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 meiobenthos respiration Wieser, W., 1960 Anraku, M., 1964 organic matter in sediment Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 Waksman, S. A., 1933 seasonal distribution palynology Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1963 survival plankton Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 temperature Peck, J. 1., 1896 Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 Protozoa Calanus hyperboreus Lackey, J. B., 1936 physiology Pteroplatea altavela Raymont, J. E.G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Coker, RE., 1922 Calappa marmorata salinity Smith, S. I., 1877-1882b Anraku, M., 1962 Calanus minor Parker, F. L., 1952 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 sediments Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Hough, J. L., 1940 Calico-back fiddler crabs Sanders, H. L., 1958-1960 see Uca pugilator bottom Caligus bonito Moore, J. R., 1963 Wilson, C. B., 1905b reworking Caligus curtus Rhoads, D. C, 1963 Rathbun, R., 1885 75 Cape Cod

Caligus rapax Calyptrobothrium occidentale Wilson, C. B., 1905b parasite of Torpedo parasite of Trygon centrura Linton, E., 1907a, 1907b, 1907c Rathbun, R., 1885 parasite of Tetronarce occidentalis Calkinsia aureus Linton, E., 1901b Lackey, J. B., 1960 Campanularia Callianassa stimpsoni development larvae Crowell, S. & M. Rusk, 1950 Smith, S. I., 1873 growth, terminal Callinectes hastatus Crowell, S. C. & C. Wittenbach, 1957 behavior, mating occurrence of Chidester, F. E., 1911 Mead, A. D., 1898 zoea Campanularia agulata Thompson, M. T., 1899 Fraser, C M., 1912 Callinectes sapidus Campanularia calceolifera Wilson, J. H., 1905 development host for Spelotrema nicolli metacercaria Grave, B. H., 1933 Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 1940 Campanularia fasciculata periodicity, daily & tidal FraTer, C. M., 1943 Fingerman, M., 1955 Campanularia flexuosa Calliobothrium eschrichtii development parasite of Mustelus canis Grave, B. H., 1933 Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1898b Campanularia raridentata (1897) Fraser, C. M., 1912 Calliobothrium verticillatum Campanularia verticillata Linton, E., 1898b Hargitt, C. W., 1908 parasite of Mustelus cams Camptonectes burlingtonesis Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1898b Hollick, A., 1893 Calliopius laevivsculus Cancer borealis anaerobiosis classification and phylogeny

Wieser, W. & I. Kanwisher, 1959 Packard, A. S.. 1900 Callithamnion baileyi Cancer irroratus development of hold fasts behavior, mating Derrick, C. M., 1899 Chidester, F E., 1911 Callithamnion borreri classification and phylogeny development of hold fasts Packard, A. S., 1900 Derrick, C. M., 1899 development, larval Callopora aurita Smith, S. L, 1873 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 host for Choniosphaera cancrorum Callus color and nutrition Connolly, C. J., 1929 Polinices duplicatus Cancer proavitus Turner, H. J., Jr., 1958 Packard, A. S., 1900 Calocalanus pavo Miocene Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Cushman, J. A., 1905b Wheeler, W. M., 1901a Candace pectinata Calocalanus plumulosus Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Candacia armata Calothrux Sharpe, R. W., 1911 wave effect on Cannopilus binoculus

Kingsbury, J. M., 1960 Margalef, R., 1960a Calycella nuttingi Canthidermis epiphytic on Bugula turrita Smith, H. M., 1898b Hargitt, C. W., 1909b Canthidermis asperrimus Calycella syringia Smith, H. M., 1898a Hargitt, C. W., 1909b Cape Cod Calyptospadix cerulea Allorge, M. M., 1906 Hargitt, C. W., 1909b Oldale, R. N. & C. R. Tuttle, 1964 Eraser, C. M., 1912 Cyathura polita, distribution Calyptrobothrium Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 parasite of Tetranarce occidentalis formation of Linton, E., 1934c Upham, W., 1879 Calyptrobothrium rninus geology parasite of Torpedo Chamberlain, B. B., 1964 Linton, E., 1907c Mather, K., 1952 Shaler, N. S., 1898 Cape Cod 76^

Cape Cod Cape Cod & Islands geology Shaler, N. S., J. B. Woodworth & C. F. Wilson, J. H., 1906 Marbutt, 1896

Woodworth, J. B. & E. Wigglesworth, glacial history 1934 Wilson, J. H., 1906 location with reference to New England's post glacial uplift algal flora Fairchild, H. L., 1919 Setchell, W. A., 1922 Cape Cod lighthouse Lysiosquilla shore-line Chace, F. A., Jr., 1958 Marindin, H. L., 1892a natural history Cape Cod offshore fishing grounds Agassiz, L., 1860-1862 Rich, W. H., 1930 outline Cape Cod Outer Beach Davis, W. M., 1896 Schalk, M., 1938 sharks Schlee, J., E. Uchupi & J. V. A. Trum- Allen, G. M., 1921 bull, 1964 soft clam fishery Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Wheeler, C.L., 1948 1954a, 1954b, 1957 southern waters Zeigler, J. M., 1960 rare or interesting fish changes Fowler, H. W., 1917 Zeigler, J. M., C. R. Hayes, & S. D. water movement (non-tidal drift) Tuttle, 1959 Bumpus, D. F., 1961 cliff erosion Bumpus, D. F. & C. G. Day, 1957 Zeigler, J. M., H. J. Tasha & G. S. Bumpus, D. F., J. Chase, C. G. Day, Giese, 1964 D. H. Frantz, Jr., D. D. Ketchum & Zeigler, J. S., S. Tuttle, B. Gill, R. G. Walden, 1957 H. Tasha & G. Giese, 1961 whale fishery Pleistocene geology Anonymous, 1665/66 Zeigler, J. M., S. D. Tuttle, H. J. Cape Cod Bay Tasha & G. S. Giese, 1964 Centrolophus niger sand plains Bean, B. A., 1898 Graham, A. W., 1897 geomorphology sediments W., Zeigler, J. M. & B. Oostdam, 1960 Sayles, R. 1939 Hoskins, H. & S. T. Knott, 1961 Zeigler, J. M., S. D. Tuttle, H. J. hydrography Tasha, G. S. Giese, 1964 Anraku, M., 1964 Cape Poge Bay organic matter in sediment exchange of fish by tidal currents Waksman, S. A., 1933 Williams, G. C, 1960 Pecten fishery Capitella capitata Posgay, J. A., 1950, 1953 Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 salinity Caprellae Fish, C. J., 1928 breeding sediments Thompson, M. T., 1899 Hoskins, H. & S. T. Knott, 1961 Carangidae Hough, J. L., 1942 Smith, H. M., 1898a Phleger, F B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Caranx bartholomaei sub-surface structures Smith, H. M., 1898a Hoskins, H. & S. T. Knott, 1961 Caranx crysos temperature, water MacCoy, C. V., 1934 Fish, C. J., 1928 Caranx hippos water movement MacCoy, C. V., 1934 Fish, C. J., 1928 Carbohydrate content Cape Cod Canal Copepoda Parsons, W. B., 1918 Raymont, J. E.G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Wilcox, B. W., 1958 Carbohydrate, dissolved fish way Walsh, G. E., 1965a & 1965b Collins, G. B., 1950 of Oyster Pond hydrography Walsh, G. E., 1964, 1965b Anraku, M., 1964 Carbon monoxide migration, orientation of Pomolobus in float of Physalia Collins, G. B., 1952 Wittenberg, J. B., 1958 Cape Cod Harbor Carcharhinus atwood Whitman, L., 1795 Witman & Lee, Company, 1928 Carcharhinus commersonii host for Rhynchobothrium insigne Linton, E., 1920 77 Cellularia turrita

Carcharhinus milberti Carcharodon atwoodi host for Eudactylina spinifera host for Echthrogaleus denticulatus Wilson, C. B., 1932 Rathbun, R., 1885 Carcharinus obscurus Carcharodon carcharias host for Nogagus curticaudis Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1940, Rathbun, R., 1885 1958 host for Nogagus latreillii Smith, H. M., 1898a Rathbun, R., 1885 fatal attack on boy in Buzzards Bay host for Pandanis cranchii Gudger, E.W., 1950 Rathbun, R., 1885 host for Dinobothrium plicitum host for Phoreiobothrium Uiloculatum Linton, E., 1922a Linton, E., 1909b host for Phyllobothrium tumidum host for Rhynchobothrium ingens Linton, E., 1922c Linton, E., 1921 Carcharodon megalodon parasites of fossil tooth Linton, E., 1901a Sanford, S. N.F., 1934 physiology, digestive tract Carcinides maenas Sullivan, M. X., 1908 parasites of Carcharias atwoodi Stunkard, H. W. 1956 Storer,D. H., 1851a Carcinonemertes carcinophila Carcharias littoralis parasite of Platyonvchus ocellatus host for Crossobothrium laciniatum Coe, W. R., 1902a, 1902b Linton, E., 1894, 1898b, Carcinus granulatus Curtis, W. C, 1903 behavior host for Echinorhynchus carchariae Yerkes, R., 1902a Linton, E., 1892a Carcinus maenas host for Rhynchobothrium longicome behavior, mating Linton, E., 1898b Chidester, F. E., 1911 parasites of Cardium groenlandicum Linton, E., 1901a Stimpson, W., 1854a physiology, digestive tract Cardium islandicum Sullivan, M. X., 1908 fossil Carcharias obscurus Verrill, A. E., 1878 host for Anthobothrium laciniatum Carinogammarus mucronatus Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for metacerceria of Anisoporus manteri host for Crygmatobothrium angustum Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1940, Linton, E., 1889, 1889-1891 1941 host for Discoephalum pileatum Carinoma tremaphores

Linton, E., 1889-1891 Thompson, C . B., 1900a host for Echinorhynchus agilis Carmia fibrexilis Linton, E., 1889 de Laubenfels, M. W., 1949 host for Gasterostomum arcuatum Caryophyllaeus terebrans Linton, E., 1934c parasite of Notropis rubrifrons host for Phoreiobothrium lasium Linton, E., 1941 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Catalogue of marine invertebrates Harger, host for Platybothrium cervinum Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith &0. 1873 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Catostomus commersonii host for Rhynchobothrium bisulcatum host for Glaridacns catostomi Linton, E., 1889 Linton, E., 1941 host for Tetrarhynchus bisulcatum Caudina arenata Linton, E., 1889-1891 Gray, G. M., 1936 Carcharias Cecrops latreillii fossil teeth parasite of \lola rotunda Lyell, C, 1844 Rathbun, R., 1885 Carcharias taurus Cell lineage Fowler, H.W., 1917 Nereis Carcharias tigris Wilson, E. B., 1892 Atwood, N. E., 1869 Cellepora canaliculata Anonymous, 1916 Osburn, R. C, 1912 Cellepora dichotoma Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Cellularia densa Desor, E., 1851a Cellularia turrita Desor, E., 1851a Centriscus scolopax 78

Centriscus scolopax Cerapus tubularis Gill, T., 1863 Smith, S. I., 1877-1882C Centrolophus niger Ceratacanthus aurantiacus Bean, B. A., 1898 host for Nerocila munda Smith, H. M., 1898a Harger, 0., 1880a Centopages bradyi Ceratacanthus schoepfi Sharpe, R. W., 1911 host for Ancistrocephalus aluterai Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Linton, E., 1941 Centropages hamatus host for Gargorchis varians Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Linton, E., 1942 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 host for Lepidapedon clavatum grazing Linton, E., 1942 Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 Ceratium morphology Peck, J. I., 1896 Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 Ceratocephale websteri respiration Hartman, 0., 1942a Raymont, J. E. G., 1959 Cercaria Centropage typicus Linton, E., 1915d Sharpe, R. W., 1911 effect of dilute sea water Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Stunkard, H. W. & C. R. Shaw, 1931 behavior Cercaria cumingiae Welsh, J. H., 1933 parasite of Cumingia tellinoides behavior to light & gravity Martin, W. E., 1938 Johnson, W. H. & J. E. G. Raymont, Cercaria dipterocerca 1939 Stunkard, H. W., 1961 grazing parasite of Nassa obsoleta Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 Miller, H.M., Jr., &F.E. Northup, 1926 morphology Cercaria laevicardii Anraku, N1. ^ M. Omori, 1%3 parasite of Laevicardium mortoni Centrophorella lanceolatta Cable, R. M., 1954 Faure-Frement. E. A.. 1951a Cercariaeum lintoni Centropristes striatus Stunkard, H. W. & C. R. Shaw, 1931 Firth, F. E., 1931 development Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Shaw, C. R., 1933 parasites of life cycle Linton, E., 1901a Stunkard, H. W., 1936 Cephalacanthus volitans parasite of Nassa obsoleta Smith, H. M., 1898a Miller, H.M., Jr. &F.E. Northup, 1926 Cephalocarida Cercaria loossi Sanders, H. L., 1957, 1963a, 1963b parasite of Hydroides hexagonus morphology Martin, W. E., 1944 Hessler, R.R. & H. L. Sanders, 1964 Cercaria nassicola Cephalopoda Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen. 1940 Arnold, J. M., 1965 Cercaria parvicaudata Verrill, A. E., 1873, 1874, 1880 Stunkard, H. W., 1950a behavior Stunkard, H. W. & C. R. Shaw, 1931 Verrill, A. E., 1897 Cercaria quisseten sis White, G. M., 1924 Stunkard, H.W. & C. R. Shaw, 1931 mating life cycle Arnold, J. M., 1962 Stunkard, H.W., 1936 sexual parasite of Nassa obsoleta Drew, G. A., 1911 Miller, H.M., Jr. & F. E. Northup. 1926 development Cercaria sensifera Hibbard, H., 1937 Stunkard, H. W. & C. R. Shaw, 1931 synopsis Cercaria setiferoides Verrill, A. E., 1880 parasite of Nassa obsoleta Ceramium rubrum Miller, H. M.. Jr. &F. E. Northup. 1926

development of holdfast Cercaria varig l andis Derrick, C. M., 1899 Stunkard, H. W. & C. R. Shaw, 1931 epiphytic on Laminaria longicniris parasite of Nassa obsoleta Collins, F. S., 1914 Miller. H.^1. Jr. &F. E. Northup, 1926 Ceramium strictum Cerebratulus lacteus development of holdfasts anatomy Derrick, C. M., 1899 Montgomery, T.H., Jr., 1898 Cerapus minax anatomy and classification

Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & O. Harger , Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 1873 79 Chalina arbuscula

Cerebratulus lacteus Chaetoceros development, determination pigments Ryther, Horstadius, S., 1937 Margalef, R. & J. H. 1960 Cerianthus americanus productivity Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Cerithiopsis terebralis Chaetoceros debiles Wilson, J. H., 1905 seasonal distribution Cerithium emersonii Hulburt, E. M., 1956b simplex Adams, C. B., 1839 a, 1839b, 1841b Chaetoceros Cerithium greenU seasonal distribution E. 1956b Adams, C. B., 1839 a. 1841b Hulburt, M., Cerithium nisrocinctum Chaetodipterus faber Adams. C. B., 1839 a, 1839b, 1841b Smith, H. M., 1898a Cerithium reticulatum Chaetodon bricei Adams, C. B., 1839a Smith, H. M., 1898b, 1899a, 1902b Cerithium terebrale Chaetodon ocellatus Adams. C. B., 1839a. 1841a Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b, 1899a, Ceronia arctata 1902b Winkley, H. W., 1907 Chaetodon striatus Cestoda Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1892b, 1898b. Chaetodontidae 1901b, 1907b, 1907c, 1921, 1922a, 1922c, Smith, H. M., 1898a 1922d, 1924. 1925, 1928. 1934b, 1941 Chaetognatha Verrill, A. E., S. Smith & 0. Harger, Verrill, A. E., 1873 L development 1873 Curtis, W. C, 1903 parasites of larval Linton, E.. 1927 Linton, E., 1897 planktonic Cestoidea seasonal distribution Linton. E.. 1889, 1898b, 1905, Fish. C. J.. 1925 1907a Chaetogordius canaliculatus Cestracion zygaena Moore. J. P.. 1904 host for Ichthyotaenia adherens Chaetophoraceae Linton, E., 1925 Thivy. F., 1943 host for Orygmatobothrium forte Chaetopleura apiculata Linton, E., 1925 Hunter, W. R. & S. C. Brown, 1965 host for Phoreiobothrium exceptum hermaphroditism Linton, E., 1925 Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a stimuli host for Phoreiobothrium pectinatum spawning habits & Linton, E., 1925 Grave, B. H., 1922 host for Tetrarhynchus palUatus Chaetopterus Linton, E., 1925 development Cetacea AUyn, H. M.. 1912 Anonymous, 1665-1666 Chaetopterus pergamentaceus S. Fish Conwnission. 1901 Brown, J. T., 1883 U. Schuck, H. A., 1951a development A. D., 1897 fossils, Gay Head Mead, low salinity Lyell. C, 1844 tolerance to Mesoplodon Pearse. A. S.. 1928 Agassiz. L.. 1868 Chaetopterus variopedatus morphology behavior W.. 1912 Jackson, J. B. S.. 1845 Miner. R. Cetorhinus maximus feeding Allen, G. M., 1921 Faulkner. G. H., 1931 Schroeder. W. C, 1939 commensalism A. S., 1913 killed in Hadley Harbor Pearse. Anonymous, 1937 Chaetosphaeridiaceae Thivy. F.. 1943 host for Dinobothnum planum Linton. E.. 1922a Chalina arbuscula S. 1. Smith 0. Harger, Chaetobranchus sanguineus Verrill. A. E.. & 1873 Verrill, A. E. & S. I. Smith & 0. Harger . 1873 Chaetoceros distribution Peck. J. L. 1896 Chamaecyparis 80

Chamaecyparis bog Chemnitzia seminuda Bartleti, H. H., 1909, 1911 Stimpson, W., 1854a Chamaesiphon incrustans Cherrystone clams

Lewis, I. F. & R. H. Colley, 1916 see young Mercenaria Champia parvila Childia spinosa development of holdfasts Graff, L. v., 1911 Derrick, C. M., 1899 Chilodon Channeled whelks feeding see Busycon canaliculatum Peck, J. I., 1896 Chantransia Chilodonella hyalina epiphytic on Laminaria longicruris Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Collins, F. S., 1914 Chilodonella longipharynx Chappaquiddick Island, Nantucket Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Eocene fauna associated with Talorchestia longicomis Brown, T. C, 1905 Kidder, G.W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Chappaquiddicka pulchella Chilodonella rotunda Wilson, C. B 1932 Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Yeatman, H. C, 1963 Chilomycterus schoepfi Chara aspera Smith, H. M., 1898a Wood, R. D., 1949 host for Ligula chilomycteri Chara braunii Linton, E., 1941 Wood, R. D., 1949 Chilomycterus antillarum Chara canescens Smith, H. M., 1899a Wood, R. D., 1949 Chilomycterus geometricus Chara delicatula host for Ligula chilomycteri Wood, R. D., 1949 Linton, E., 1897 Characeae Chiridotea coeca distribution Harger, 0., 1880a Wood, R. D., 1949, 1952 Chiridotea nigrescens Charcarodon Wigley, R. L., 1961b fossil teeth Chiridotea tuftsii Merrill, F. J. H., 1890 Harger, 0., 1880a Charcharias littoralis Chironomus halophilus Smith, H. M., 1898a Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, Charibdea verrucosa 1873 Hargitt, C. W., 1902a Chitin decomposition Chatham Hock, C. W., 1940 beach and near-shore studies Chitons Beach Erosion Board, 1957 see Polyplacophora (Amphineura) beach erosion Chlamydomonas Beach Erosion Board, 1957 seasonal distribution Mya arenaria Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Belding, D. L., 1914 Chlamydomonas euryale Oyster Pond & Oyster Pond River polysaccharides of Shaw, W. N., 1962 Lewin, R. A., 1955 shore-line changes Chlorella selenastrum Mitchell, H., 1873 Hulburt, E.M., 1963 shore-line geology Chlorinity of interstitial water of mud Marindin, H. L., 1890 Siever, R., R. M. Garrels, J. Kanwisher Checklist &R. A. Berner, 1961 Woods Hole mollusks Chloromyxa funduli Slater, E. M., 1960 parasite of Fundulus Chelura terebrans Hahn, C. W., 1915

Smith, S. I., 1880 Chloromyxum clupeidae Chemical oceanography fish parasite Rakestraw, N. W., 1936 Hahn, C. W., 1918 Rakestraw, N. W., H. E. Mahncke & Chlorophyll E. F. Beach, 1936 McLachlan, J., 1961 Chemical stimuli Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1962 dogfish reaction to method of determination by fluorescence in Sheldon, R. E., 1909 phytoplankton Chemistry Yentsch, C. S. & D. W. Menzel, 1963 hydrogen sulfide, bacterial sulfate reduction variation in phytoplankton in marine sediments in Buzzards Bay Yentsch, C. S. & J. H. Ryther, 1957 Berner, R. A., 1963 81 Chordata

Chloraphylla Chondrichthyes rocky intertidal zones behavior Gifford, C. E. & E. P. Odum, 1961 Sheldon, R., 1909 Chlorophyta development Bernatowicz, A. J., 1958 TeWinkel, L. E., 1950 Blum, J. L., 1960 distribution Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 Coker, R. E., 1922 Collins, F. S., 1901, 1906, 1908a, 1908b in southern Cape Cod Waters Farlow, W. G., 1882 Garman, S. W., 1875

Lewis, I. F., 1916 Fowler, H.W., 1917 Thivy, F., 1942, 1943 morphology distribution Gudger, E. W., 1933 Collins, F. S., 1891 new species drifting Garman, S., 1886 Collins, F. S., 1914 parasites of plankton Curtis, W. C, 1903 Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Kudo, R., 1923 radioactive zinc uptake Linton, E., 1907c, 1921, 1922d, 1925 Gutknecht, J., 1961 physiology symbiosis Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Boschma, H., 1925 placoid scales Chlorospermeae Sayles, L. P. & S. G. Hershkowitz, 1937 Jordan ,D. S., 1874 reproduction Choanites ficus Hsiao, F. L. & A. Albert, 1947 sense of smell de Laubenfels, VI. W., 1949 Chondracanthodes deflexus Parker, G. H. & R. E. Sheldon, 1914 parasite of Macrourus bairdii temperature Wilson, C. B., 1932 Kidder, J. H., 1880 Chondracanthus cottunculi tooth succession parasite of Cottunculus Ifft, J. D. & D. J. Zinn, 1948 Rathbun, R., 1887a Chondrus crispus Chondracanthus galeritus Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 parasite of Paralichthys dentatus wave effects on

Rathbun, R., 1887a Kingsbury, J. M., 1960 Chondracanthus phycidis Chordafilum parasite of Phycis tenuis polysaccharides of Rathbun, R., 1887a Lewin, R. A., 1955 Chondria dasyphila Chordaria flagelliformis

developmen t of holdfasts polysaccharides of Derrick, C. M., 1899 Lewin, R. A., 1955 Chondria tenussima Choniosphaera cancrorum development of holdfasts Connolly, C. J.. 1929 Derrick, C. M., 1899 larval development Chondrichthyes Connolly, C. J., 1929 Allen, G. M., 1921 Chordata Anonymous, 1916, 1926, 1937 Allen, G. M., 1916 Atwood, N. E., 1866a, 1869 Anonymous, 1916, 1926, 1937 Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, Armstrong, P. B., 1957 1940, 1958 Armstrong, P. N. & J. S. Child, 1965 Lyman, T., 1861 Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1949, 1951 Putnam, F. W., 1874 Atwood, N. E., 1865, 1866a, 1866b, 1866- Radcliffe, L., 1916. 1928 1868, 1868, 1869 Schroeder, W. C, 1933, 1939 Bangs, 0., 1897 Smith, H. M., 1922 Backus, R. H., 1962 Spaeth, R. A., 1921 Baird, S. F., 1873b Storer, D. H., 1843a, 1844b, 1848c, 1851a, Bancroft, F. W., 1904 1851b Bean, B. A., 1898

Witman >S: Lee Company, 1928 Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, attacking man 1936, 1940. 1953. 1958

Gudger, E.W., 1936 Brown, -'i. G., 1879 attacking man, fatal Brown, J. T., 1883 Gudger, E. W., 1950 Bumpus, H. C, 1899 behavior Desor, E., 1851d Parker, G. H., 1911, 1915 Chordata 82

Chordata Chordata Edwards, V. N., 1878 behavior Edwards, R. L., R. Livingstone & larval P. E. Hamer, 1962 Grave, C, 1920 Eigenmann, C. H., 1902b bio-acoustics Goode, G. B., 1879, 1888 Moulton, J. M., 1956 Gudger, E. W., 1930 breeding time Harper, F., 1928 Mead, A. D., 1898 Lyman, T., 1861 Chondrichthyes MacCoy, C. V., 1931, 1934 Allen, G. M., 1921 Mather, P. J., IH, 1952 copepod parasites of Mathews, S. A., 1938 Rathbun, R., 1885, 1887a, 1888 Meek, S. E., 1883 deformities Miller, G. S., Jr., 1897 Chidester, F. E., 1914 Olsen, Y. H. & D. Merriman, 1946 development Putnam, F. W., 1871, 1874 Bertholf, L. M., 1945 Radcliffe, L., 1916, 1928 Bertholf, L. M. & S. 0. Mast, 1944 Richards, S. A., A. Perlmutter & Breder, C. M., 1922b D. C. McAnany, 1963 Clapp, C. M., 1891 Rogers, C. H., 1938 Draper, J. W. & D. J. Edwards, 1932 Schevill, W. E., 1956 Eigenmann, C. H., 1902a Schroeder, W. C, 1933, 1937, 1939 Jackson, S. F., 1958 Schuck, H. A., 1951a, 1951b Miller, D. & R. R. Marak, 1959 Sharp, B. & H. W. Fowler, 1904 Newman, H. H., 1908 Scott, F. Sister, 1945-1952 Sherwood, S. H. ^ V. N. Edwards, 1901 M., 1942, Sullivan, W. E., Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b, 1899a, 1899b, 1915 1901, 1902a, 1902b, 1902c, 1921, 1922, TeWinkel, L. E., 1950 1938 larval Spaeth, R. A., 1921 Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 distribution Starrett, A. & P. Starrett, 1955 Backus, R. Storer, D. H., 1839-1844, 1843a, 1843b, H., 1957 1844a, 1844b, 1846-1867, 1848a, 1848b, Coker, R. E., 1922 1848c, 1851a, 1851b, 1856, 1859 Firth, F. E., 1931 Garman, S. W., 1875 Swain, J., 1883 Thompson, J. H., 1881 GUI, T., 1863 U. S. Fish Commission, 1873a, 1901 Gray, G. M., 1939a, 1940b Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a, 1907-1912b Kendall, W. C. & H. M. Smith, 1895 Verrill, A. E., 1871a, 1871b Nichols, J. T. & C. M. Breder, Jr., 1927 W. Williams, G. C, 1960 Schroeder, C, 1947 egg Winthrop, J., 1670 Witman & Lee Company, 1928 Fish, C. J., 1928 albinism embryology 1884a Lux, F. E., 1959 Ryder, J. A., anatomy Wilson, H. v., 1891a Silvester, C. F.. 1905 fertilization attacking man Morgan, T. H., 1941 Gudger, E. W., 1036 fish in Gulf of Maine

attacking man, fatal Bigelow, H. B. <5: W. W. Welsh, 1925 Gudger, E. W., 1950 check-list behavior Bean, T. H., 1881, 1884 Atwood, N. E., 1861 fisheries Blake, J. H., 1871 Anonymous Breder, C. M., Jr., 1922a MuUan, J. W., 1958 Grave, C, 1941a Perlmutter, A., 1947 Lyon, E. P.. 1905 Barnstable County Newman, H. H., 1907 Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Nye, W., Jr., 1883. 1887a Waquoit Parker, G. H., 1911, 1912, 1915 Lyman, T., 1872a Rathbun, R., 1894 fossil Sheldon, R. E., 1909 Desor, E., 1851c Verrill, A. E., 1897 Merrill, F. J. H., 1890 Watterson, R. L., 1945 fouling feeding Parker, G. H., 1924 J)i(rgensen, C. B., 1952

Peck, J. I., 1896 83 Cibicides lobatulus

Chordata Chordata growth rare Mather, F. J., Ill & H. A. Schuck, 1960 Gray, G. M., 1934 hermaphroditism reproduction Chidester, F. E., 1917 Hsiao. F. L. & A. Albert, 1947 larvae Lee, R. E., 1942 Costello, D. P., 1946a schooling behavior behavior Shaw, E., 1957, 1958a, 1958b, 1958c, Woodbridge, H., 1924 1960-1961, 1961 metamorphosis sense of smell Grave, C, 1941b Parker, G. H. & R. E. Sheldon, 1914 life history stomach contents Schroeder, W. C, 1928 Griffin, D. R., 1936 Lams argentatus Gross, A. 0., 1923 Stunkard, H. W., 1953 sunfish melanosis Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 Hsiao, S. C, 1941 temperature migration Kidder, J. H., 1880 Blake, J. H., 1871 tooth succession Collins, G. B., 1952 Ifft, J. D. & D. J. Zinn, 1948 morphology weir fishery of Waquoit Bay Bigelow, R. P., 1926 Commissioners on Inland Fisheries, 1872 Bumpus, H. C, 1898d Chromatographic analysis Gabriel, M. L., 1942 plant pigments in sediments Gudger, E. W., 1933 Taylor, W. R. & C. D. Gebelein, 1964 Herrick, C. J., 1898, 1900, 1903 Chromatophores, Hunter, G. W., 1898 Palaemonetes Jackson, J. B. S., 1845 Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown, Jr., & Metcalf, M. M., 1895 R. C. Graves, 1952 Newman, H. H., 1909 Chromosomes Parker, G. H., 1903, 1910 Auclair, W., 1965 WiUey, A., 1901 Cyathura Williams, S. R., 1902 Burbanck, W. D. & M. P. Burbanck, 1958 new species Chrysococcus cinctus Bean, T. H., 1885 Lackey, J. B., 1940 Garman, S., 1886 Chrysococcus minutus osmosis Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Sumner, F. B., 1906a Chrysodomus stonei parasites of Wilson, J. H., 1905 Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1941,1942 Chrysophyta Cable, R. M. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 Margalef, R., 1960b Curtis, W. C, 1903 Reimann, B. E. F. ,J. M. C. Lewin & Hahn, C. W., 1915, 1917. 1918 R. R. L. Guillard, 1963 Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 Taylor, W. R. & J. C. Palmer, 1963 Kudo, R., 1923 planktonic Linton, E., 1889, 1891, 1889-1891, 1892a, Hulburt, E. M., 1965b 1894, 1897, 1898a, 1898b, 1898c, 1901a, morphology 1901b, 1905, 1907b, 1907c, 1910a, 1910b, Guillard, R. R. L. & J. H. Ryther, 1962 1914, 1915e, 1921, 1922c, 1922d, 1923, new species 1924, 1928, 1933, 1934b, 1934c, 1936, Hulburt, E. M., 1957 1941, 1942 physiological ecology Manter, H. W., 1926 Curl, H., Jr. &G C. McLeod, 1961 Martin, W. E., 1939 physiology Ryder, J. A., 1884b Ryther, J. H. & R. R. L. Guillard, 1962 WiUey, C. H., 1958 tidal rhythm physiology Faure-Fremiet, E., 1951b Grosch, D. S. & Z. H. Smith, 1957 Chthamalus stellatus Irving, L., 1942 Sumner, F. B., 1909 Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Chytridium megastomum Sumner, F. B., 1906b Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 placoid scales Chytridium polysiphoniae Sayles, L. P. & S. G. Hershkowitz, 1937 Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 predators of Cibicides concentricus Gudger, E. W., 1934 Parker, F. L., 1952 Cibicides lobatulus Parker, F. L., 1952 Ciliary movement 84

Ciliary movement Cirratulus tenuis mechanism of Verrill, A. E., S. I.Smith, 0. Harger, 1873 Gray, J., 1928 Cirrhinereis phosphorea Ciliary transport system Hartman, 0., 1942a Asterias forbesi Cirripedia Budington, R. A., 1942 Sumner, F.B., 1909 Ciliata Visscher, J. P., 1938 Andrews, E. A., 1942 Zullo, V. A., 1963 Rudzinska, M. A., 1947, 1952 anti-fouling Wenrich, D. H., 1928 Clarke, G. L., 1947 cytology distribution Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Genthe, K. W., 1905 development fouling Faure-Fremiet, E., 1930 Parker, G. H., 1924 Summers, F. M., 1938 Miocene excystation Cushman, J. A., 1904a Trager, W., 1957 morphology geotropism Fales, D. E., 1928 Kanda, S., 1914 Cistenides gouldii

mesoporal ciliate fauna Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, Faure-Fremiet, E. A., 1951a 1873 microporal ciliate fauna Cladocera Faure-Fremiet, E. A., 1951a Sharpe, R. W., 1911 new species bioluminescence Beltran, E., 1933 Lochhead, J. H., 1954 BuUington, W. E., 1939 Cladocoryne floccusa var. sargassensis Faure-Fremiet, E., 1937 Hargitt, C. W., 1909b taxonomic & cytological studies Clams parasitic see various Bivalvia Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 Clam worms taxonomy see Nereis Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Classification Cingula latior Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1897 Wilson, J. H., 1905 Clausocalanus arcuicornis Ciona Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b Wheeler, W. M., 1901 fertilization Clava leptostyla Morgan, T. H., 1941 development, early Ciona intestinalts Hargitt, C. W., 1906b behavior egg organization feeding Hargitt, C. W., 1906b J^rgensen, C. B., 1952 ontogeny Circulation Hargitt, C. W., 1911 of Barnstable Harbor Clavelina Ketchum, B. H., 1954 morphology Cirolana concharum Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Harger, 0., 1880a Clays breeding Fuller, M. L., 1906a Mead, A. D., 1898 Clestobothrium crassiceps Cirolana impressa Linton, E., 1941 Harger, P., 1880b Cletocamptus deitersi Cirratulus Yeatman, H. C, 1963 climatic (winter) effects on Clidiophora gouldiana Parker, R. W., 1934 Winkley, H. W., 1907 Cirratulus grandis Cliffs, seaward movement of on Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1942b, 1944 outer Cape

Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith, O. Harger, 1873 Zeigler, J. M., H. J. Tasha S: behavior G. S. Giese, 1964 Miner, R. W., 1912 Climatic trends " animal distribution breeding Taylor, W. R., H. B. Bigelow ^ H. W. Mead, A. D., 1898 Graham, 1957 tolerance to low salinity Cliona celala Pearse, A. S., 1928 deLaubenfels, M. W., 1949 Cirratulus parvus Clitellio arenarius Moore, J. P., 1906 Moore, J. P., 1905b ^85 Coast

Clitellio iTTorata Cnidaria Venill. A. E., S. \. Smith & O. Harger, behavior 1873 Murbach, L., 1909 Clupanodon pseudohispanicus Rugh, R., 1929 Smith, H. H., 1902b Yerkes, R. M. &J. B. Ayer, Jr., 1903 Clupea feeding as food for Cynoscion regale Allabach, L. F., 1905 Peck. I., J. 1896 Boschma, H., 1925 Clupea elongata Gudger, E. W., 1934 behavior breeding Blake, J. H., 1871 Mead, A. D., 1898 migration budding Blake, J. H., 1871 Perkins, H. F., 1903 Clupea harengus development food of Nyaticorax nycticorax naevius Allen, C. M., 1900 Gross, A. O., 1923 Bunting, M., 1894 host for Chloromyxum clupeidae Crowell, S. & M. Rusk, 1950 Hahn, C. W., 1918 Hargitt, C. W., 1900a, 1902a, 1904a, parasites of 1906b, 1911 Linton, E., 1901a Hargitt, C. W. & G. T. Hargitt, 1910 Clupea pseudohispanica McMurrich, J. P., 1891b Kendall, W. C. H. M. Smith. & 1894 Perkins, H. F., 1902 Clupeidae distribution Smith, H. M., 1898a Hargitt, C. W., 1902b, 1905a, producta 1908, 1909b Clymene 1914 Lewis, M., 1897 Nutting, C. C. ,1901 Clymenella torquata Woods Hole autecology Eraser, C. M., 1912 Rankin, J. S., Jr., 1946 embryology color variation Beckwith, C. J., 1909 Rankin, J. S., Jr., 1946 evolution development Lenhoff, H. M. & H. A. Schneiderman, 1959 A. Mead, D., 1897 growth terminal host for MicTotaeniella clymenellae Crowell, S. & C. Wyttenbach, 1957 Calkins, G. N., 1915 life history regeneration, inhibition of Murbach, L., 1895 Smith, S. D., 1963 morphology tolerance to low salinity Hargitt, C. W., 1900b, 1901 Pearse, A. S., 1928 Perkins, H. F., 1901 Clytemnestra rostrata Smallwood, M., 1899 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Thomas , L. J., 1921 W. Wheeler, M., 1901 new species Clytia cylindnca Crowell, S., 1946 Hargitt, C. W., 1909b Eraser, C M., 1943 Clytia edwardsi Murbach, L., 1899 Eraser, C. M., 1912 phylogeny Clytia minuta McMurrich, J. P., 1891a Eraser, C. M., 1912 physiology Clytia volubilis Kepner, W. A., 1943 Hargitt, C. W.. 1909b Shoup, C. S., 1932 Cnidaria Yerkes, R. M., 1902b Agassiz, A., 1862 regeneration Agassiz, E. C. A. Agassiz, 1865 & Goldin, A., 1942 Crowell, S.. 1945 Hargitt, G. T., 1902c, 1905b Desor, E., 1851a, 1851d reproduction Lyman, T., 1861 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Petersen, K. W., 1964 symbiosis Safford, V., 1939 Boschma, H., 1925 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Pycnogonida Verrill, A. E., 1873, 1898 Cole, L. J., 1910 Wittenberg, J. B., 1958 Coast autotomy changes Morse, M., 1909 Nantucket behavior Marindin, H. L., 1894a Hargitt, C. W., 1907 Provincetown shore-line Morse, M., 1906 Marindin, H. L., 1892a Coast _____^__^_^___ 86 Coast Color change changes nocturnal & diurnal effects of hurricanes Verrill, A. E., 1897 U. S. Army Corp of Engineers, 1939 Uca cross sections Green, J. P., 1964 Cape Cod Uca pugnax Marindin, H. L., 1892a Brown, F. A., Jr, M. Fingerman,

encrouchment of sea M. I. Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1953 Marindin, H. L., 1889 Brown, F. A., Jr.,&M. N. Hines, 1952 Martha's Vineyard & Nantucket Clymenella torquata Marindin, H. L., 1897 Rankin, J. S., Jr., 1946 shore-line Columbella avara Marindin, H. L., 1890 Adams, C. B., 1839a, 1839b Coastal morpho.logy Columbella lunata Mitchell, H., 1871 behavior Weule, K., 1891 Welsh, J. H., 1933 Cocconeis Columbus' crabs distribution see Planes minutus

Peck, J. I., 1896 Comb jellies Coccotithineae see Ctenophora seasonal distribution in Vineyard Sound Commensal ism Lillick, L. C, 1937 Copepoda Cochlodesma leanum Seiwell, H. R., 1929 Winkley, H. W., 1907 Crustacea Cod Pearse, A. S., 1913 behavior Graffilla gemellipara Atwood, N. E., 1861 Linton, E., 1910c Codium Patterson, J. T., 1912 introduction to Cape Cod Hydractina echinata on Littorina littorea Wood, R. D., 1962 Crowell, S., 1945 Codonella Iridia convexa on Cyclammina Peck, J. I., 1896 Cushman, J. A., 1920 Codonoeca eracilis Modiolus plicatulus Calkins. G. N.. 1902 Linton, E., 1910c

Coecum costatum Patterson, J. T., 1912 Verrill, A. E., 1872 Podocoryne camea on Nassarius trivittata Coelenterata Crowell, S., 1945 see also Cnidaria shell of Placopecten Verrill, A. E., 1898 Merrill, A. S., 1960 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & Community 0. Harger, 1873 marine coastal organization Watt, D. J., 1955 Allee, W. C, 1934 behavior metabolism Bumpus, H. 1898a C, Whitely, G. C, Jr., 1960 feeding soft-bottom structure Gudger, E. W., 1942 Sanders, H. L., 1958-1960 development Compass direction & magnetism Moore, J. A., 1939 Nassarius morphology Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & Hargitt, C. W., 1905c F. H. Barnwell, 1964 planktonic Conchoecia seasonal distribution in Woods Hole physiology Fish, C. J., 1925 Raymont, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Coelosphaerium nagelianum Congericola pallida Lewis, I. W. Taylor, F. & R. 1928 morphology Coelozoic astomatous parasites Wiley, C. H., 1958 Summers, F. G. W. Kidder, M. & 1936 Conger vulgaris Colaconema americcma host for Congericola pallida Jao, C. C, 1936 Wiley, C. H., 1958 Conforms Contracaecum clavatum Arcisz, W., E. Wattie Dallas, & J. L. 1953 parasite of Gadus morrhua colonization, pioneer Linton, E., 1934c of intertidal zones Fahey, E. M., 1949 87 Crassostrea

Contracaecum clavatum Corallobothrium fimbriatum parasite of Microgadus tomcod parasite of Ameiurus nebulosus Linton, E., 1934c Linton, E., 1941 Contracaecum habena Corals parasite of Opsanus tau See Madreporaria & other colonial Anthozoa Linton, E., 1934c Corbula contracta Control fossil Asterias Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Galtsoff, P. S. & V. L. Loosanoff, 1939 Corbula whitefieldi Copepoda Miocene Bigelow, H. B., 1915, 1917, 1922, 1926 Brown, T. C, 1905 Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 Cordylophora lacustris Deevey, G. B., 1948 Hargitt, C. W., 1908

Peck, J. I., 1896 Corycaeus carinatus Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wilson, C. B., 1903a, 1905a, 1932 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Welsh, J. H., 1933 Corycaeus elongatus behavior Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Johnson, W. H. & J. E. G. Raymont, 1939 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Parker, G. H., 1902 Corymorpha pendula Schallek, W., 1942 Hargitt, C. W., 1902b feeding Coryne Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 morphology Fuller, J. L., 1937 Hargitt, C. W., 1901 Mullin, M. M., 1963 occurrence of bioluminescense Mead, A. D., 1898 David, C. N. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Coryne producta calanoids of Cape Cod embayments & estuaries Hargitt, C. W., 1902a Carter, J. C. H., 1964 Corynitis agassizii development medusa McClendon, J. P., 1906-1907 Murbach, L., 1899 distribution synonomy Anraku, M., 1962, 1964 Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Carter, J. C. H., 1964 Corynura bumpsii intertidal region of sandy beach Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Pennak, R. W., 1942a, 1942b Coryphaena hippurus free swimming Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1951 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Schuck, H. A., 1951a life history Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow & Johnson, M. W., 1934 H. W. Graham, 1957 littoral Coryphella pellucida Yeatman, H. C, 1963 Russell, H. D., 1964 morphology Coscinodiscus

Willey, C. H., 1958 Peck, J. I., 1896 nematode parasites of Cosmocephala ochracea Cobb, N. A., 1928 Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & O. Harger, "^ new species 1873 Illg, P. L., 1955 Cottidae parasites of Smith, H. M., 1898a Connolly, C. J., 1929 Cottunculus parasitic host for Chondracanthus cottunculi Rathbun, R., 1885, 1887a, 1888 Rathbun, R., 1887a Wilson, C. B., 1903b, 1905b, 1906, 1921, Cottus octodecimspinosus 1925 temperature

physiology Kidder, J. H., 1879 Raymont, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Couthouyella strjatula planktonic, respiration Bartsch, P., 1907-1912 Raymont, J. E. G., 1959 Crangon vulgaris seasonal production Thompson, M. T., 1899 Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 development, larval

Copidognathus sp. smith, S. I., 1873 Hag, J., 1965 Crassostrea Copper periodicity content in sea water Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Galtsoff, P. S., 1943 Webb, C. M. Ralph, 1956 Brown, F. A., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett, 1955b Crassostrea

Crassostrea Cribrella sanquinolenta freezing, intertidal Mead, A. D., 1898

Kanwisher, J. W., 1955 Cribrilina annulata Crassostrea virginica Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 growth Cribrilina punctata Pierce, M. E. & J. T. Conover, 1954 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 larvae, setting & spat Crisia ebumea Galtsoff, P. S., et al, 1930 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949

raft culture Crossobothrium l anciniatum Shaw, W. N., 1962, 1963 Curtis, W. C, 1903 shell structure & formation parasite of Carcharias littoralis Galtsoff, P. S., 1954 Curtis, W. C, 1903 Cratena aurantia Linton, E., 1894, 1898 Moore, G M., 1950 parasite of Odontaspis littoralis Cratena aurantiaca Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Russell, H. D., 1964 Cruoriopsis ensisae Cratena concinna Jao. C. C, 1936 Russell, H. D. 1964 Crustacea Cratena pilata Atwood, N. E., 1865 Moore, G. M., 1950 Bigelow, R. P., 1941 Crepidula Burbanck, W. D. & M. P. Burbanck, 1958 behavior Burbanck, W. D., 1959, 1961, 1962 sexual phases Claff, C. L., P. N. Sudak & L. Moloney, Coe, W. R., 1936b 1958 breeding Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 Conklin, E. G., 1897 Cushman, J. A., 1906a sex change of Fingerman, M., 1955 Coe, W. R., 1938 Hansen, H. J., 1915 development Harger, 0., 1880a, 1880b E. Conklin, G., 1897 Herrick, F. H. ,1911 embryology Hitchcock, E. & A. A. Gould, 1833 Conklin, E. G., 1897 Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 fossil Lyman, T., 1861 Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Menzies, R. J. & C. Beckman, 1958 life history Mills, E. L., 1964b Conklin, E. G., 1897 Pearse, A. S., 1914a, 1914b Crepidula fomicata Rabin, H. & F. B. Bang, 1964 Adams, C. B., 1839a Rathbun, R., 1887b T., Lyman, 1861 Rathbun, M. J., 1905 Plaine, H. L., 1952 Richardson, H., 1909 behavior Sanders, H. L., 1957, 1963a, 1963b sex Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wilczynski, J. Z., 1955 Smith. S. L, 1887-1882a, 1877-1882b. breeding 1877-1882C. 1880 Mead, A. D., 1898 Stunkard, H. W., 1956 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Sumner, F B., 1909 Crepidula plana Thompson, M. T., 1904b breeding U. S. Fish Commission. 1901 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Verrill. A. E.. 1873

development Visscher, J. P., 1938 Gould, H. N., 1949 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 sexual changes Wigley, R. L., 1961b, 1963a Gould, H. N., 1949 Wilkins, J. L. & M. Fingerman. 1965 Cretaceous Wilson, C. B., 1903a, 1903b. 1905a, 1932 Hollick, A., 1896b Yeatman, H. C. 1963 Shaler, N.S., 1890 ZuUo, V. A., 1963 age anaerobiosis Shaler, N. S., 1889b Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 flora of Martha's Vineyard anti-fouling Berry, E. W., 1915 Clarke, G. L., 1947 fossils, Martha's Vineyard behavior Shaler, N.S., 1889b Barnwell, F. H. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1963 paleobotany Bennett, M. F. & F. A. Brown, 1959a, Jeffrey, E. C, 1910 1959b 89 Crustacea

Crustacea Crustacea behavior diurnal rhythms Bennett, M. F., J. Shriner & Stephens, G. C, J. P. Green, B. Guttman R. A. Brown, 1957 & R. A. Schinske, 1958 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, ecology

& M. I. Sandeen, 1953 Platzman, S. J., 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & embryology H. M. Webb, 1954 Bumpus, H. C, 1891

Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. M"Murrich, J. P., 1895 Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1953 excystation Brown, F. A., Jr. &M. N. Hines, 1952 Trager, W., 1957 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen, & faunal list N. Fingerman, 1952 Rathbun, M. J., 1905 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen, & fossil C. L. Ralph, 1954 Cushman, J. A., 1905 Brown, F. A., Jr. &Ci.C. Stephens, 1951 Lyell, C, 1844 Brown, F. A., Jr. ,< H. M. Webb, 1949 Packard, A. S., 1900 Brown, F. A., Jr., H.M. Webb & Stimpson, W., 1863 M. F. Bennett, 1955a fouling Brown, F. A., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett Parker, G. H., 1924

& M. I. Sandeen, 1954 heliotropism Brown, F. A., Jr., H.M. Webb & R. C. Lyon, E. P., 1906b Graves, 1952 intertidal Bumpus, H. C, 1901 Pennak, R. W., 1942a, 1942b Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske & J. R. Pennak, R. W. & D. J. Zinn, 1943 Comer, 1964 key Dembowski, J. B., 1926 Holmes, S. J., 1903b Holmes, S. J., 1901, 1903a life history Johnson, W. H. & J. E. G. Raymont, 1939 Hyman, 0. W., 1922 Nye, W., Jr., 1887c Johnson, M. W., 1934 Parker, G. H., 1902 mating Schallek, W., 1942 Chidester, F. E., 1911 Spaulding, E. G., 1904a metamorphosis Webb, H. M. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1958 Thompson, M. T., 1904a Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown, Jr. & R. C. Miocene Graves, 1951 of Gay Head Welsh, J. H., 1932, 1933 Cushman, J. A., 1904a, 1905b White, G. M., 1924 Dall, W. H., 1894 Yerkes, R., 1902a morphology feeding Fales, D. E., 1928 Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 Green, J. P., 1964 De la Cruz, A. H., 1960 Hessler, R. R.& H. L. Sanders, 1964

Fuller, J. L., 1937 Jenner, C E., 1955 Mullin, M. M., 1963 Wiliey, C. H. ,1958 bioluminescence mortality David, C. N. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Fraenkel, G., 1960 Lochhead, J. H., 1954 natural history breeding Hughes, J. T. & G. C. Matthiessen, 1962 Mead, A. D., 1898 nematode, parasites of commensalism Cobb, N. A., 1928 Pearse, A. S., 1913 new species development Benedict, J. E., 1901 Faxon, W., 1879a, 1879b Chace, F. A., Jr., 1958 McClendon, J. F., 1906-1907 Harger, a, 1878

Ryder, J. A., 1886a, 1886b Holmes, S. J., 1905

Smith, S. I., 1872, 1873, 1874-1878, Illg, P. L., 1955 1887-1882a Jones, N. S. & W. D. Burbanck, 1959 larval Kingsley, J. S., 1895 Chamberlain, N. A., 1957 Mills, E. L., 1962, 1963, 1964a distribution Richardson, H., 1908 Anraku, M., 1962, 1964 Seiwell, H. R., 1929 Carter, J. C. H., 1964 parasitic Cushman, J. A., 1906b Coe, R. W., 1902b Genthe, K. W., 1905 Connolly, C. J., 1929 diurnal rhythms Rathbun, R., 1885, 1887a, 1888 Stephens, G. C, 1955 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Crustacea 90_

Crustacea Cumingia tellinoides parasitic development Reinhard, E. G., 1945, 1946 Grave, B. H., 1926 Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 gametes, vitality Thompson, M. T., 1902 Grave, B. H., 1926, 1928b Wilson, C. B., 1905b, 1906, 1921, 1925 hermaphroditism parasitic hosts Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 1940 host for Cercaria cumingiae physiology Martin, W. E., 1938

Raymont, J. E.G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 natural history Werntz, H. 0., 1963 Grave, B. H., 1927b planktonic spawning habits & stimuli Deevey, G. B., 1948 Grave, B. H., 1927a reproduction Cunner, tespiration Pearce, J. B., 1964 Irving, L., 1942 respiration Currents Raymont, J. E. G., 1959 Bigelow, H.B., 1915, 1917, 1922, 1927 seasonal distribution Schott, C. A., 1854a Fish, C. J., 1925 Sumner, F. B., R. C. Osborn, L. J. Cole seasonal production & B. M. Cole, 1913 Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 Brown's Ledge sex characteristics Day, C. G., 1960 Reinhard, E. G., 1949 Edgartown stalk-eyed Marindin H. L., 1894b Smith, S. I., 1878-1882 Nantucket Bay winter distribution Marindin, H. L., 1894b Irving, L., 1942 Nantucket Sound & Vineyard Sound Cyrptacanthodes maculatus Mitchell, H., 1857 Smith, H. M., 1898a Cuttyhunk U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 flora Cryptochrysis atlantica Fogg, J. M., Jr., 1930 Lackey, J. B., 1940 Cyanea Cryptocolyle lingua metacercariae Hargitt, C. W., 1902a Linton, E., 1934c Cyanea arctica Cryptodon obesus Agassiz, A., 1862 Verrill, A. E., 1872 development Cryptosula pallasiana McMurrich, J. P., 1891b Rogick, M. D. & H. Croa-sdale, 1949 morphology, variations Crystallonema fuscacephalum Hargitt, C. W., 1905c Cobb, N. A.. 1920 occurrence of Ctenidia Mead, A. D., 1898 Hunter, W. R. & S. C. Brown, 1965 Cyanophyceae Ctenolabrus seasonal distribution Mead, A. D., 1898 Lillick, L. C, 1937 Ctenolabrus adspersus Cyartonema flexile skin parasite of Cobb, N. A., 1920 Ryder, J. A., 1884b Cyathura Ctenophora chromosomes behavior Burbanck, W. D. & M. P. Burbanck, 1958 Aggasiz, A., 1862 distribution Hunter, G. W., 1904 Burbanck, W. D., 1959 bioluminescence ecology Chang, J. J., 1954 Burbanck, W. D., 1959 Harvey, E. N. & S. P. Marfrey, 1958 Cyathura polita distribution distribution in tidal marshes and estuaries Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 physiology ecology Coonfield, B. R., 1934 Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 Cucumaria fusiformis migration in tidal marshes Desor, E., 1851a Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske & Culture J. R. Comer, 1964 of Homarus americanus Cybium regale Rathbun, R., 1887b host to Tetrarhynchobothrium Cumacea Linton, E., 1897 new species Jones, N. S. & W. D. Burbanck, 1959 91 Darcythompsonia parva

Cyclammina Cyprina (Arctica) islandica Cushman, J. A., 1920 distribution Cyclocardia Turner, H. J., Jr., 1949a fossil Cyprina islandica Verrill, A. E., 1878 fossil CyclogTapsus Verrill. A. E.. 1878 fossil Cyprinodon ovinus Lyell, C, 1844 Lyman, T.. 1861 Cyclopsinema mordens Cyprinodon variegatus parasite of Pachycyclops signatus exchange by tidal currents Cobb. N. A., 1928 (1927) Williams, G. C, 1960 Cyclops panamensis host for Myxobolus lintoni Yeattpan, H. C, 1963 Linton, E., 1901b Cyclopteridae morphology of contact organs Smith, H. M., 1898a Newman, H. H., 1909 Cyclotella parasites of Peck, J. I., 1896 Linton, E., 1901a physiology protozoans McLachlan, J., 1961 Linton, E., 1891 Cyclotella cryptica Cyrtolaelaps (Gamaselliphis) Reimann, B. E. F., et al., 1963 Hag, J., 1965 Cyclotella nana Cystenides gouldii morphology tolerance to low salinity Guillard, R. R. L. & J. H. Ryther, 1962 Pearse, A. S., 1928 Cylista leucolena Cystoclonium purpurascens Hargitt, C. W., 1917 Collins, F. S., 1906 Cymadusa compta Cystoclonium purpureum cirrhosum Mills, E. L., 1964b associated with Bryozoa Cymbephallus fimbriatus Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Linton. E., 1934a Cysts, cestode classification degenerating Linton, E., 1934a Linton, E., 1923 Cymbephallus vitellosus Cytherea Linton, E., 1934a fossil Cynoscion regale Lyell, C, 1844 food of Cythereis arenicola Peck, J. I., 1896 Cushman, J. A., 1906b host for Echinorhynchus proteus Cythereis vineyardensis Linton, E., 1892a, Cushman, J. A., 1906b host for Echinorhynchus sagittifer Cytheridea americana Linton, E.. 1889 Cushman, J. A.. 1906b host for Rhynchobothrium bisulcatum larvae Cytheridea seminuda Linton, E., 1889 Cushman. J. A., 1906b host for Tetrabothria embryos Cytherois zostericola Linton, E., 1889 Cushman, J. A., 1906b morphology Cytology Parker, G. H., 1910 Kidder. G W. & F. M. Summers. 1935 physiology Dactylactis viridis Parker, G. H., 1903 Verrill. A. E.. 1898 Cynoscion regalis Dactylometra Eigenmann, C. H.. 1902b morphology Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 variations host for Lebouria truncata Hargitt, C. W., 1905c Linton, E., 1942 Dactylopterus volitaris host for parasitic copepoda Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1949 Linton, E., 1901a. 1901b Dactylopusia thisboides parasites of Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Linton, E., 1901a Dactylopusia vulgaris Cynthia partita Sharpe, R. W., 1911 behavior Dalyellia mohicana Grave, C, 1941a Graff, L. v.. 1911 larval metamorphosis Darcythompsonia parva Grave, C, 1941b Wilson. C. B.. 1932 morphology Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Darkness, prolonged 92

Darkness, prolonged Decomposition effect on algae organic nitrogen, in sea water W. Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 Brand, T. Von, N. Rakestraw & Dasya elegans J. W. Zabor, 1942 development of holdfasts Demineralization Derick, CM., 1899 shell boring gastropods life cycle Carriker, M. R. & D. van Zandt, 1964

Lewis, I. F., 1914 Dendrodoa W. life history Van Name, G., 1907-1912b Dendronotus frondosus Lewis, I. F., 1912 Dasyatis centrura Russell, H. D., 1964 Smith, H. M., 1898a Density changes host for Anthobothrium pulvinatum effects on fish Linton, E., 1898b, Sumner, F. B., 1906b host for Branchiobdella ravenellii water Linton, E., 1901b U. S. Fish Commission, 1898 host for Epibdella bumpusii Deposits Linton, E., 1901a Nantucket host for OrygmatobothTium crenulatum Desor, E. & E. C. Cabot, 1849 Linton, E., 1898b Depth, Oyster Pond host for Parataenia medusia Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 Linton, E., 1898b Derocheilocaris typius host for Phyllobothrium foliatum Pennak, R. W. & D. J. Zinn, 1943 Linton, E., 1898b Deropristias inflata host for Rhinebothrium maccallumi adult on Auguilla rostrata Linton, E., 1925 Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1941 host for Rhynchobothrium tenuispine cercaria on Bittium altematum Linton, E., 1898b Cable, R. VI. & A. V. Hunninen, 1941 host for Rhynchobothrium tumudulum host for Hexamatia Linton, E., 1898b Hunninen, A. B. & R. Wichterman, 1936 life history host for Spongiobothrium variabile Cable, R. M. A. V. Linton, E., 1898b & Hunninen, 1942 parasite of Anguilla chrysypa host for Synbothrium malleum Manter, H.W., Linton, E., 1925 1926 Desmarestia aculeata host for Tetrarhynchus tenue Collins, F. S., Linton, E., 1898b 1914 Development parasites of Draper, W. D. Linton, E., 1901a J. & J. Edwards, 1932 Grave, cestodes B. H., 1933 Scheltema, R. S., Linton, E., 1910a 1965 Tennant, D. G. physiology & M. J. Hogue, 1906 algae of digestive tract Chester, G.D., Sullivan, M. X., 1908 1896 Dasybatus marinus Derick, C. M., 1899 Amaroucium constellatum host for Eudactylinella alba Scott, Sister Wilson, C. B., 1932 F. M., 1942, 1945, 1952 Annelida host for Krffyeria nasuta Mead, A. D., Wilson, C. B., 1932 1897 Arbacia Dasynema sexalineatum Allee, W. C. G. Evans, Cobb. N. A.. 1920 & 1937b Arbacia punctulata Dead-man's fingers Allee, W. see Alcyonium cameum C. & G. Evans, 1937a Glaser, Death, by heat a, 1950 Harvey, E. 1949a, Orr, P. R., 1946 B., 1949b Decapoda Arenicola Child, C. M., 1900 Smith, S. 1., 1877-1882b Autolytus development varians Mensch, P. Faxon, Walter, 1879a C, 1900 Balanoglossus kowaleuskii reproduction Morgan, T. H., 1892 Pearce, J. B., 1964 Decomposition Batrachus tau Clapp, C. M., 1891 organic nitrogen, in sea water Botryllus Brand, T. Von & N. W. Rakestraw, 1940, Watterson, R. 1941 L., 1945 Brand, T. Von & N. W. Rakestraw & C. E. Renn, 1937, 1939 93 Development

Development Development Bugula flabellata Hydrozoa Grave, B. H., 1933 Hargitt, C. W., 1911 Campanularia Leptocephalus conger Crowell J. & M. Rush, 1950 Eigenmann, C. H., 1902a Cercariaeum Limulus Shaw, C. R., 1933 Pearl, R., 1904 Cerebratulus lacteus Loligo pealii determination Hibbard, H, 1937 Horstadius, S., 1937 Malacostraca

Chaetopterus Smith, S. 1., 1873 Allyn, H. M., 1912 Mustelus Choniosphaera cancrorum Te Winkel, L. E., 1950 larval Mya arenaria Connolly, C. J., 1929 Matthiessen, G. C, 1960 Ciliata growth Summers, H M., 1938 Kellogg, J. I., 1905 Clava leptostyla Mytilus edulis egg Lavoie, M. E., 1956 Hargitt, C. W., 1906b Lavoie, M. & G. G. Holz, 1955 Cnidaria Nemalion multifidum Hargitt, C. W., 1902a Chester, G. D., 1896 coelenterate Neopanope texana sayi Grave, B. H., 1933 Chamberlain, N. A., 1957 copepod, parasitic Osteichthyes larvae McClendon, J. F., 1906, 1907 Kuntz, A. & I. Radcliffe, 1917 Crassostrea, shell Ostrea virginica Galtsoff, P. S., 1954 Jackson, R. T., 1888b Crepidula Palaemonetes Conklin, E. G., 1897 Faxon, W., 1879a Gould, H. N., 1949 Parypha crocea Crossobothrium lanciniatum Allen, C. M., 1900 Curtis, W. C, 1903 Pennaria Cummingia tellinoides Hargitt, C. W., 1904b Grave, B. H., 1926 Pennaria tiarella Cyanea arctica Hargitt, C. W., 1900a McMurrich, J. P., 1891b Pinnixa Cynoscion regalis Smith, S. I., 1877-1882a Eigenmann, C. H., 1902b Pseudopleuronectes americanus Echinoidea Breder, C. M., Jr., 1922b Mathews, A. P., 1909 Planocera inquilina Esperella Surface, F. M., 1907 Wilson, H. v., 1894 Polinices duplicatus Eudendrium Hanks, J. E., 1963 Hargitt, C. W., 1904a Polychoerus caudata Fiona marina, Gardner, E. G., 1895 Casteel, D. B., 1904 Scyphozoa Fundulus heteroclitus Hargitt, C. W. & G. T. Hargitt, 1910 Armstrong, P. B. & J. S. Child, 1965 Spirorbis borealis Fundulus hybrids Schively, M. A., 1897 Newman, H. H., 1908 Sternaspis Gonionema murbachii Child, C. M., 1900 Perkins, H. P., 1902 SUeblospio benedicti Grinnellia americana Campbell, M. A., 1957 Brannon, M. A., 1897 Stylita partita Graffilla gemellipaTa Bertholf, L. M., 1945 Patterson, J. T., 1912 Bertholf, L. M. & C. M. Mast, 1944 Hippa Tubularia Faxon, W., 1879b Moore, J. A., 1939 Homarus americanus Tunicata

Smith, S. I., 1872 Grave, B. H., 1933 Hydractinia Jackson, S. F., 1958 Bunting, M., 1894 Urophycis chuss Hydroides hexagonis Miller, D. & R. R. Marak, 1959 Grave, B. N., 1933 Yoldia limatula Drew, G. A., 1899 Diastylis politus 94

Diastylis politus Dictyocha fibula var. pentagona

^mith, S. I., 1878 , 1882 Margalef, R., 1960a Diatoms Didemnopsin tenerum Margalef, R., 1960b Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Moul, E. T. & D. Mason, 1957 Didemnum lutarium Reimann, B. E. P., J. C. Lewin & Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a R. R. L. Guillard, 1963 Digestive tract, physiology of elasmobranchs fossil, warm water marine Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Sayles, R. W., 1939 Digitonchus uniformis morphology Cobb, N. A., 1920 Guillard, R. R. L. & J. H. Ryther, 1962 Dimorphism, sexual photosynthesis Fundulus Taylor, W. R. & J. D. Palmer, 1963 Newman, H. H., 1907 seasonal distribution Squilla empusa Hulbert, E M., 1956b Bigelow, R. P., 1941 tidal rhythm Dinobothrium Faure- Fremiet, E., 1951b anatomy Diatomacea Linton, E., 1922a seasonal distribution Dinobothrium planum Lillick, L. C, 1937 parasite of Cetorhinus maximus Dibothrium aluterae Linton, E., 1922a parasite of Alutera schoepfi Dinobothrium plicitum Linton. E.. 1889-1891 parasite of Carcharodon carcharias Dibothrium manubriforme Linton, E., 1922a Linton, E., 1889-1891 Dinoflagellates parasite of Histiophorus gladius morphology Linton, E., 1894 Nie, D., 1947 albidus parasite of Tetrapturus respiratory metabolism Linton, E., 1889-1891 Hochachka, P. W. & J. M. Teal, 1964 Dibothrium microcephalum seasonal distribution parasite of Mala rotunda Lillick, L. C, 1937 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Dinophilida Dibothrium plicatum Verrill, A. E., 1888-1892a parasite of Xiphias gladius Dinophilus pygmaeus Linton, E., 1889-1891 Verrill, A. E., 1874 Dibothrium punctatum Dinophyceae parasite of Bothus maculatus new species Linton, E., 1898b Hulburt, E. M., 1957 parasite of Limanda ferruginea un armoured Linton, E., 1889-1891 Hulburt, E. M., 1957 parasite of Lophosetta maculata Dinophysis E., 1889-1891 Linton, Peck, J. I., 1896 Dibothrium restiforme Diodon hystrix parasite of Tylosurus caribbaeus Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b Linton, E., 1889-1891 Diopatra cuprea rugosum Dibothrium behavior parasite callarias of Gadus Miner, R. W., 1912 Linton, E., 1898b (1897) host for Arabella parasite of Gadus cesloda Allen, M. J., 1952 Linton, E., 1894 tolerance to low salinity parasite of Gadus morrhua Pearse, A. S., 1928 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Diosaccus tenuicomis seasonal distribution in Gadus Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Linton, E., 1914 Diplochaete solitana Dichelesteidae Thivy, F., 1943 development Diplodonta verrilli McClendon, J. F., 1906-1907 fossil Dichelestium sturionis Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 parasite of Acipenser oxyrhynchos Diplodus argyrops Rathbun, R., 1885 food of Dictyocha Peck, J. 1., 1896 Peck, J. I., 1896 Discoephalum pileatum Dictyocha fibula host of Carcharias obscurus Margalef, R., 1960a Linton. E., 1889-1891 95 Distribution

Discorbis columbiensis Distomum nitens Parker, F. L., 1952 parasite of Tyosurus caribbeaus Dispersal Linton, E., 1898c fishes Distomum ocreatum Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1951 parasite of Pomatomus saltatrix young marine Linton, E., 1898c Williams, G. C, 1960 parasite of Merluccius bilmearis

zoop lank ton Linton, E. , 1901a Barlow, J. P., 1952 parasite of Pollachius virens Distephanus crux Linton, E., 1901a Margalef, R., 1960a parasite of Sagitta Distephanus speculum Linton, E., 1927 Margalef, R., 1960a Distomum pal lens Distephanus speculum var. pentagonys parasite of Alutera schoepfi Margalef, R., 1960a Linton, E., 1898c Distephanus speculum var. regularis Distomum pundens Margalef, R., 1960a parasite of Paralichthys dentatus Distephanus speculum var. septenarius Linton, E., 1901a Margalef, R., 1960a Distomum pyri forme Distomum parasite of Palinurichthys perciformis parasite of Paralichthys dentatus Linton. E., 1901a Linton, E., 1901a Distomum rufoviride parasite of Prionotus carolinus parasite of Roccus lineatus Linton, E., 1901a Linton, E., 1898c parasite of Stenotomus chrysops Distomum simplex Linton, E., 1901a parasite of Microgadus tomcod seasonal distribution in Microgadus tomcod Linton, E., 1898c Linton, E., 1914 Distomum tenue Distomum appendicu latum parasite of Roccus lineatus parasite of Paralichthys dentatus Linton, E., 1898c Linton, E., 1901a Distomum tenue tenuissime Distomum areolatum parasite of Morone americana parasite of Morone americana Linton. E.. 1898c Linton, E., ^901a Distomum valdeinflatum Distomum dentatum parasite of Alutera schoepfi parasite of Paralichthys dentatus Linton, E., 1898c Linton, E., 1901a Distomum veliporum Distomum faecundum parasite of Raja laevis parasite of Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Linton, E., 1898c Linton, E., 1901a Distomum vibex Distomum foliatum Stunkard, H. W. & R. F. Nigrelli, parasite of lUola mola 1930 Linton. E., 1898c parasite of Spheroides maculatus Distomum fragile Linton, E.. 1901a parasite of Mola mola Distomum vitellosum Linton^ E., 1901a classification Distomum grandiporum Linton, E., 1934a parasite of Anguilla chrysypa parasite of Merluccius bilinearis Linton, E., 1898c Linton, E., 1901a Distomum gulosum see Cymbephallus fimbriatus parasite of Rhombus triacanthus Linton, E., 1934a Linton, E., 1901b see Cymbephallus vitellosus Distomum lageniforme Linton, E., 1934a parasite of Remora remora Distribution Linton, E., 1898c Adams, C. B., 1839b Distomum macocotyle Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 parasite of Mola mola Gould, A. A., 1841 Linton, E., 1898c de Laubenvels, M. W., 1949 Distomum monticellii Lidz, L., 1965 S. Smith 0. Harger, parasite of Remora remora Verrill, A. E., I. & Linton, E. ,1898c 1873 Distomum nigroflavum algae F. S., 1888, 1891 parasite of Mola mola CoUings, M., 1913a Linton, E., 1898c Davis, B. Doty, M. S., 1948 Distribution %

Distribution Distribution algae invertebrates Farlow, W. G., 1873, 1882a, 1882b, 1883 Desor, E., 1851b Jordan, D. S., 1874 Janthina fragilis

Lewis, I. F., 1924 Bulfinch, T., 1844 Ampelisca Macrozoarus americanus Mills, E. L., 1964a Olsen, Y. H. & D. Merriman, 1946 Anthozoa Malacobdella grossa Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Ropes, J. W., 1963 Astarte Malacostraca Carpenter, H. P., 1889 Cushman, J. A., 1906a bacteria marine animals & climatic trends Reuszer, H.W., 1933 Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow & H. W. barnacles Graham, 1957 Zullo, V. A., 1963 Mollusca Be lone Couthouy, J. P., 1838 Goode, G. B., 1879 Greene, T. A., 1833 benthic fauna Johnson, C. W., 1915 Whiteley, G. C, Jr., W. D. Burbanck & northern extension of ranges M. E. Pierce, 1949 Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow & H. W. Cephalocarida Graham, 1957 Hessler, R. R. & H. L. Sanders, 1964 Ophichthus gomesi Characeae Backus, R. H., 1957 Wood, R. D., 1952 Osteichthyes Chondrichthyes Firth, F. E., 1931. Fowler, H. W., 1917 Fowler, H. W., 1917 Cirripedia Gill, T., 1863 Genthe, K. W., 1905 Kendall, W. C. & H. M. Smith, 1895 Cladocera Ostracoda Lochhead, J. H., 1954 Cushman, J. A., 1906b Cnidaria Pandoridae Hargitt, C. W., 1902a, 1905a Boss, K. J. & S. Merrill, 1965 coastal vascular plants Pogonophora Moul, E. T., 1964 Wigley, R. L., 1963b Copepoda Polychaeta Anraku, M., 1962, 1964 Hartman, 0., 1942a Carter, J. C. H., 1964 polyclads intertidal Hyman, L. H., 1939 Pennak, R. W., 1942a spionid Cyathura Plaine, H. L., 1952 Burbanck, W. D., 1959 Protozoa Cyathura polita Lackey, J. B., 1936 Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 Pteroplatea altavela Echinodermata Coker, R. E., 1922 Agassiz, A., 1865 Raja Clark, H.L., 1904, 1905, 1908 Garman, S. W., 1875 Echinoidea Rhodophyceae Agassiz, A., 1865 Jao, C. C, 1936 Echinus granulans Seriola Alexander, A., 1865 Mather, F. J., 1952 ecologic factors Spatial Lackey, J. B., 1938 Mya arenaria fish Connell, J. H., 1955 Baird, S. F., 1873 Petricola pholadiformis Bigelow, H. B. & S. C. Schroeder, 1953 Connell, J. H., 1955 Bigelow, H. B. & W. W. Welsh, 1925 Synapta Flagellata Clarke, H. L., 1901 Lackey, J. B., 1940 temperature effects upon flora AUee, W. C, 1919, 1922a, 1922c, 1922d, Fogg, J. M., Jr., 1930 1923a, 1923b, 1923c. Foraminifera Tethys willcoxi Cushman, J. A., 1908 Merriman, D., 1937 Gadidae Turbellaria Schroeder, W. C, 1928 Bush, L.. 1964 Hydrozoa Venus mercenaria Frazer, C. M., 1912 Ropes, J. W. & C. E. Martin, 1960 Hargitt, C. W., 1908, 1909b 97 Echinodermala

Distribution Echeneibothrium variabile erinacea vertical intertidal zone parasite of Kaja Fahey, E. M., 1947 Linton. E.. 1889-1891 zooplankton Echeneididae Barlow, J. P., 1955 Smith, H. M., 1898a Echinocomus pectinatus Diurnal fluctuation Walsh, Gerald E., 1965b Wilson, C. B., 1932 Echinodermata Diurnal rhythms Agassiz, A., llyanassa obsolete 1877 AUee, W. C. & J. R. Fowler, 1932 Brown, P. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & W. J. Ayres, W. 0., 1854 Brett, 1959 Auclair, W., 1965 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett & Cheney, R. H., 1950 H. M. Webb, 1959 Clark, H. L., 1904, 1908 Brown, F. A., Jr., & H. \1. Webb, 1960 Desor, E., 1851a Brown, F. A., Jr., H.\1. Webb, M. F. Grave, 1903 Bennett & L. H. Barnwell, 1959 C, Uca Gray, G. M., 1932 Greeley, A. W., 1902 Brown, F. A., Jr. &M. N. Mines, 1952 Harvey, E. B., 1939a ilea pugnax Jackson, R. T., 1927 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. Parker, G. H., 1932 Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1953 Tennent, D. H. & M. J. Hogue, 1906 Dodececaria fimbriatus S. Fish Commission, 1901 reproduction U. Verrill, A. E., 1873 Martin, D A., 1933, 1936 A. 1880-1886 Dog whelks Verrill, E., autotomy see Thais lapillus A. S., 1909 Dolichoglossus kawalewskyi Pearse, Anderson, J. M., 1956 physiology behavior Hess, W. M., 1935 H. C, 1898a Doropygus laticomis Bumpus, Holmes, S. J., 1912 parasite of Molgula manhattensis Pearse, A. S., 1908 Wilson. C. B., 1932 Rockstein, M. & M. Rubinstein, 1957 Dredging stations feeding FISH HAWK Burnett, A. L., 1955, 1960 Rathbun, R., 1883 Chidester, F. E., 1929 U. S. Fish Commission 1871-1879 Lavoie, M. & G. G. Holz, Jr., 1955 Smith, S. I. & R. Rathbun, 1882 swimming Drieschia pellucida Costello, D. P., 1946b Moore. J. P., 1903b breeding Drilling, deep Mead, A. D., 1898 Koteff, C. & J. E. Cotton, 1962 color changes Dumontia filiformis Parker, G. H., 1931 Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Dunaliella euchlora development Glaser, O., 1950 Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 Harvey, E. B., 1949a Duxbury Mathews, A. P., 1909 beach studies Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, distribution Agassiz, A., 1865 1954 Clark, H. L., 1905 Zeigler, J. M., 1960 diurnal rhythms Zeigler, J. M., et al, 1961 T. J. B., 1933 Earthquake Stier, embryology at Provincetown Chambers, R., 1930 Leet, L., 1935 Eastham geotaxis Lyon, E. P., 1906a beach studies hermaphroditism Zeigler, J., et al, 1961 Zimmerman, A. M., S. B. Zimmerman & sand plains Harvey, 1960 Grabau, A. W., 1897 E. B. Echeneibothnum life history Galtsoff, P. S. & V. L. Loosanoff, 1939 classification morphology, functional Linton, E., 1889 Budington, R. A., 1942 Echinodermata

Echinodennata Echinorhynchus attenuatus natural history parasite of Acipenser bervirostris Mead, A. D., 1901 Linton, E., 1892a physiology Echinorhynchus carchariae Allee, W. C, 1927 parasite of Carcharias littoralis

Clark, H.I. , 1901 Linton, E., 1892a Haywood, C. & W. S. Root, 1930 Echinorhynchus cylindratus planktonic seasonal distribution Linton, E., 1934c Fish, C. J., 1925 Echinorhynchus gadi rare Linton, E., 1934c Gray, G. M., 1936, 1940a various hosts reproduction Linton, E., 1933 Harvey, E. B., 1939c Echinorhynchus incrassatus Palmer, L.,1935 Linton, E.. 1892a sex determination Echinorhynchus pristis Harvey, E. B., 1953 parasite of Tylosurus caribbeaus spawning Linton, E., 1892a Colwin, L. H., 1948 Echinorhynchus pristis var tenuicomis synonomy parasite of Lobotes surinamensis Clark, H. L., 1901 Linton. E., 1892a Echinoidea parasite of Tylosurus caribbeaus W., Auclair, 1965 Linton, E., 1892a Cheney, R. H., 1950 Echinorhynchus proteus Desor, E., 1851a intermediate parasite of Gammarus pulex Greeley, A. W., 1902 Linton, E., 1894 Harvey, E. B., 1939a parasite of Cynoscion regale Jackson, R. T., 1927 Linton, E., 1892a Parker, G. H., 1932 parasite of Roccus lineatus behavior Linton, E., 1892a, 1889-1891, 1894 Holmes, S. J., 1912 1898a color changes Echinorhynchus sagittifer Parker, G. H., 1931 Linton. E., 1889-1891 . 1892a development classification Glaser, a, 1950 Linton, E., 1932 Harvey, E. B., 1949a parasite of Paralichthys dentatus, Cynoscion Mathews, A. P., 1909 regale, Pomatomus saltatrix distribution Agassiz, A., 1865 Linton, E, 1889 geotaxis parasite of Serrasentis sagittifer Lyon, E. P., 1906a Linton, E.. 1932 hermaphroditism Echinorhynchus serrani Zimmerman, A. M., S. B. Zimmerman & parasite of Serranus atrarius E. B. Harvey, 1960 Linton, E., 1892a (1891) physiology Echinorhynchus thecatus Haywood, C. & W. S. Root, 1930 parasite of Roccus americanus reproduction Linton, E., 1892a(1891) Harvey, E. B., 1939c Echinus granulans Palmer, L., 1935 distribution sex determination Agassiz, A., 1865 Harvey, E. B., 1953 Echinus granulatus Echinorachnius parma Desor, E., 1851a Desor, E.. 1851a Echthrogaleus coleoptratus breeding parasite of Lamna comubica Mead, A. D., 1898 Rathburn, R., 1885 Echinorhynchus Echthrogaleus denticulatus Linton. E.. 1910c Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & Echinorhynchus acus 0. Harger, 1873 Linton, E., 1892a (1891), 1894 parasite of Carcharodon atwoodi parasite of Pseudopleuronectes americanus Rathbun, R., 1885 Linton, E., 1889 - 1891 Ecology seasonal distribution in Pseudopleuronectes Carriker, M. R., 1964, 1965 americanus Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & Linton, E., 1914 0. Harger. 1873 Echinorhynchus agilis bacteria. Eel Pond parasite of Carcharias obscurus Arcisz, W., E. Wattie & J. L. Dallas, Linton, E., 1889-1891 1953 parasite of Roccus americanus Linton, E., 1892a 99 Eel Pond

Ecology Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) benthic community behavior Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & Forbes, A., 1933 G. C. Whiteley, 1956 Lynch, W. F., 1949 benthos, variability larval Parker, R. H., et al, 1964 Grave, B. H., 1930 Copepoda breeding Carter, J. C. H., 1964 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Cyathura ecological effect of hurricane Burbanck, W. D., 1959 Rogick, M. D., 1940 effect of 1934 hurricane fouling Rogick, M. D., 1940 Parker, G. H., 1924 effects on protozoan distribution metamorphosis Lackey, J. B., 1938 Lynch, W. F., 1952 intertidal fauna Ectrogella perforans Howard, R. S., 1954 Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Edgartown Loligo pealii fisheries Arnold, J. M., 1962 Edwards, V. N., 1873 arenaria Mya Parvatrema borealis Ayers, J. C, 1956 Stunkard, H. W., 1962a Matthiessen, G. C, 1960 Edgartown Harbor Orchestia heigalis and Talorchestia megal- inlet changes opthama Whiting, H. L., 1890 Platzman, S. J., 1960 shoreline changes physiological Whiting, H. L., 1872 Skeletonema costatum water transport, tides & currents Curl, H., Jr. G. C. & McLeod, 1961 Marindin, H. L., 1894b populational Edible mussels Anraku, M., 1962 see Mvtilus edulis Ecotone Edwardsia elegans community ecology, bottom fauna of Rand's Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Harbor Edwardsia leidyi Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Verrill. A. E.. G. C. Whiteley, Jr., 1956 1898 Ectinosoma curticome Edwardsia lineata Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Ectocarpus confervoides Verrill, A. E., S. \. Smith & epiphytic on Laminaria longicruris 0. Hareer. 1873 Collins, P. S., 1914 Edwardsia pallida Ectocarpus mitchellae Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Collins, F. S., 1891 Edwardsia sipunculoides Hargitt, W., 1914 Ectocarpus mitchellae Harv. var parva n. var C. Eel, American Lewis, I. F. & F. R. Taylor, 1921 Ectocarpus ovatus see Anguilla bostonensis Collins, F. S., 1896 Eel grass Ectocarpus siliculosus see Zostera development Eel grass flats W. Papenfuss, G. F., 1935 Allee, C, 1922b Ectochaetae Eel Pond Thivy, F., 1942 Kelly, C. B., 1950 Ectochaetae leptochaete bacteriology W., Wattie J. Dallas, Thivy, F., 1943 Arcisz, E. & L. Ectochaetae taylori 1953 Thivy, F., 1942 pollution Dallas, Ectochaetae vagans Arcisz, W., E. Wattie & J. L. Thivy, F., 1943 1953 Ectopleura prolifica spatial distribution Hargitt, C. W 1908 Mya arenaria Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) Connell, J. H., 1955 Desor, E., 1851a Petricola pholadiformis Osburn, R. C, 1912 Connell, J. H., 1955 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Verrill, A. E., 1872, 1873 attachment Lynch, W. F., 1958 Eggs 100

Eggs Elysiella catulus collection & handling Verrill, A. E., 1872 Costello, D. P., et al, 1957 Embayments laying behavior carbohydrate, dissolved of Scott, J. W., 1909, 1911 Walsh, G. E., 1965a Eggerella advena copepod distribution Parker, F. L., 1952 Carter, J. C. H., 1964 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Embletonia fuscata fuscata Elachistae stellaris Russell, H. D., 1964 epiphytic on Stilophora rhizodes Embryology Collins, F. S., 1891 Ryder, J. A., 1884a Elasmobranchii Anurida maritima host for Tetrarhynchidae Claypole, A. M., 1898 Linton, E., 1894 Asterias rubens Electra hastingsae Chambers, R., 1930 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Cnidaria Electra pilosa Beckwith, C. J., 1909 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Eulima oleacea Elizabeth Islands Gray, G. M., 1941 flora Homarus americanus Fogg, J. M., Jr., 1930 Bumpus, H. C, 1891 geology Hydrozoa Hitchcock, E., 1824 Beckwith, C. J., 1909 Hollock, A., 1901 Isopoda P., 1895 Woodworth, J. B. & E. Wigglesworth, McMurrich, J. 1934 Limulus polyphemus glacial brick clays Kingsley, J. S., 1892 Shaler, N. S., J. B. Woodworth & C. F. Osteichthyes Marbutt, 1896 Kuntz, A. & I. Radcliffe, 1917 glaciation Serranus atrarius Upham, W., 1899 Wilson, H. v., 1891a kettle holes Embryos Koons, B. F., 1885 collecting and handling palynology Costello, D. P., et al, 1957 Ogden, J. G. Ill, 1963 Emerita talpoida sediments winter distribution Hitchcock, E., 1824 Irving, L., 1942 Eloactis producta Emertonia eracilis Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Pennak, R. W., 1942a behavior Wilson, C. B., 1932 Hargitt, C. W., 1907 Enchytraeidae Elops saurus Welch, P. S., 1917 Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1940 Enchytraeus albidus Fowler, H.W., 1917 Moore, J. P., 1905b Smith, H. M., 1898a Endeis spinosus Elphidium advenum var. maTgaritaceum morphology, circulatory system Parker, F. L., 1952 Cole, L. J., 1910 Elphidium articulatum symbiosis, Obelia dichitoma Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Cole, L. J., 1910 Elphidium excavatum Endoderma viridis Parker, F.L., 1952 Collins, F. S., 1906 Elphidium galvestonense Engraulididae Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Smith, H. M., 1898a Elphidium gunteri Enoplobranchus sanguineus Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Hartman, 0., 1942a Elphidium incertum Enoplus communis Parker, F. L., 1952 anaerobi.osis Phelger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 Elphidium selseyense Ensatella ame'ricana Parker, F. L., 1952 fossil Elphidium subarticum Verrill, A. E., 1878 Parker, F. L., 1952 Ensis directus Phelger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 behavior Elysia chlorotica Drew, G. A., 1907b Russell, H. D., 1946 hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a 101 Esperella fibrexilis

Ensis directus Eponides wrightii movement Parker. F. L., 1952 Drew, G. A., 1907b Erichsonia filiformis physiology Harger, 0.,I879 Drew, G. A., 1907b, 1908 Erichthonius difformis Enterococci Smith, S. I., 1877-1882C Arcisz, W., E. Wattie & J. L. Dallas, Erosion 1953 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Enteromorpha linza 1954

wave effects on Zeigler, J., S. Tuttle, B. Gill, H. Tasha Kingsbury, J. M., 1960 & G. Giese, 1961 Enteropneusta beach life history Julien, A. A., 1902 Agassiz, A., 1873 U. S. Beach Erosion Board, 1957 physiology Zeigler, J. M., 1960 W. Hess, M., 1935 Zeigler, J. M., H. J. Tasha & Entocladia testarum G. S. Giese, 1964 Thivy, P., 1943 coastal

Entoprocta Zeigler, J. M., et al, 1965 Nickerson, W. S., 1898, 1899, 1901 Erythropeltis discigera Schmitz var. flustrae Entovalva (Devonia) perrieri Jao, C. C. 1936 Clench, W. J. & C. G. Aguayo, 1931 Erythrotichia rhizoidea Environmental factors epiphytic on Porphyra umbilicalis variability in Hadley Harbor Cleland, R. E.. 1918 Parker, R. H., et al, 1964 Estuaries Eocene algae, benthic

Zeigler, J. M., W. S. Hoffmeister, Conover, J. T., 1958 G. Geise & H. Tasha, 1960 autecology

fauna of Conover, J. T., 1958 Chappaquiddick Island & Martha's Vineyard carbohydrates, dissolved Brown, T. C. 1905 Walsh, G. E., 1965a Eolian, action Characeae Woodworth, J. B., 1894 Wood, R. D., 1949 sediments circulation Schlee, J., E. Uchupi & J.V.A. Trumball, Ketchum, B. H., 1954 1964 community ecology, bottom fauna Eolis Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & breeding G. C. Whiteley, Jr., 1956 Mead, A. D., 1898 Copepoda distribution Eone gracilis Carter, J. C. H.. 1964

Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger , Dinophyceae 1873 Hulburt, E.M., 1957 Epelys montosus ecology of Cyathura polita Harger, 0., 1880a Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 Epelys triloDus exchange, fresh and salt water Harger, 0., 1880a Ketchum, B. H., 1951 Epenthesis foliata hydrography Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Barlow, J. P., 1956 Ephyrae Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & occurrence G. C. Whiteley, Jr., 1956 Mead, A. D., 1898 ontogeny

Epibdella bumpusi i Redfield, A. C, 1965a parasite of Dasyatis centrura phosphorus distribution

Linton, E., 1901a , Hulbert, E. M., 1956a Epinephelus adscensionis phytoplankton Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901 populations Epinephelus morio Hulbert. E. M.. 1963 Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b seasonal distribution Epinephelus niveatus Hulbert. E. M., 1956b Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1902b Escharina porosa Epizoanthus americanus Verrill, A. E.. 1880-1886 Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Esocidae Eponides frigidus var. calidus Smith, H. M., 1898a Parker, F. L., 1952 Esperella fibrexilis Phleger, E B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 development Wilson. H. v.. 1894 Estuaries 102

Estuaries plankton Ketchum, B .H., 1954 Pocasset River salinity & fauna of Sanders, H. L., P. C. Mangelsdorf & G. R. Hampson, 1965 seasonal productivity Conover, J. T., 1958 zooplankton population ecology of Barlow, J. P., 1955 Eteone cinerea Webster. H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Eteone setosa

Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger , 1873 Ethmophyllum Woodworth, J. B., 1892 Etrumeus sadina Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow & H. W. Graham, 1957 Eubalaena glacialis Allen, G. M., 1916 Eucalanus attenuatus Sharpe, R. W., 103 Fiona marina

Eupomacentrus leucostictus Falmouth Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901 near shore processes Eurychasmidium tumefaciens Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1958 Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Fasciolaria ligata Eurycope truncata Wilson, J. H., 1905 Richardson, H.. 1908 Fauna Eurylepta maculosa Lyman, T., 1861 Hyman, L. H., 1939, 1952 Northrop, J., 1951 Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Verrill, A. E., 1871b, 1882a, 1882b Verrill, A. E., 1888 -1892c benthic ecology Eurytemora americana Whiteley, G. C, Jr., W. D. Burbank, Sharpe, R. W., 1911 M. E. Pierce, 1949 Eurytemora herdmani bottom, Menemsha Bight Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Lee, R. E., 1944 Eurytemora hirundoides intertidal, Barnstable Harbor Deevey, G. B., 1948 Sanders, H. L., E. M. Goudsmit, E. L. Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Mills & G. E. Hampson, 1962 Eusyllis tenera lists & catalogues Verrill, A. E., 1882a, 1882b Allee, W. C, 1919, 1922a, 1922b, 1922c, Eustylochus ellipticus 1922d, 1923a, 1923c Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 littoral, of Provincetown Euthemisto Rathbun, R., 1881 physiology Mollusca Raymont, J. E. G. & J. T. Conover, 1961 Verrill, A. E., 1872 Euthynnus alletteratus vertebrates of Muskeget Island Schuck, H. A., 1951b Miller, G. S., 1897 Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow & H. W. Fauna and flora Graham, 1957 Woods Hole Euthynnus pelamis effect of winter Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow & H. W. survey Graham, 1957 Parker, R. W., 1934 Eutima Sumner, F. B., 1910 W., Margin, C. 1908 Sumner, F. B., R. C. Osborn, L. J. Cole Evadne nordmanni & B. M. Davis, 1913 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Feather-duster worms Evolution see Sabellidae Cnidaria Feeding Lenhoff, H. M. & H. A. Schneiderman, see behavior 1959 Felichthys marinus pelecypoda Smith, H. M., 1898a Drew, G. A., 1907a Fellodistomatidae larvae Excystation Cable, R. M., 1954 Trager, W., 1957 Fertilization Exocoetus heterurus Ciona , Smith, H. M., 1899a Morgan, T. H., 1941 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Fiddler crabs Exocoetus rondelentii see Uca Smith, H. M., 1902a Field studies and experimentation Exocoetus volitans biological farm Smith, H. M., 1898a Whitman, C. 0., 1902 host for pseudophyllidean cestode Filaria settata Linton, E., 1934b parasite of Phycis tenuis Exuviaella Linton, E., 1901b distribution Filellum expansum Peck, J. I., 1896 Eraser, C. M., 1912 Eye migration Fine-textured material Pseudopleuronectes Lutz, H. J., 1941 Williams, S. R., 1902 Finger sponges Fabricia leidyi see Haliclona oculata

Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harger , Fiona marina 1873 development, larval Faleus glaucus Casteel, D. B., 1904 host for Kr^yerina elongata Wilson, C. B., 1932 Fish 104

Fish Fisheries Baird, S. F., 1873a Pecten Bumpus, H. C, 1898a, 1898b, 1898c Belding, D. L., 1910b Collins, J. W., 1889 Pseudopleuronectes americanus behavior Perlmutter, A., 1947 breeding Salvelinus fontinalis Bumpus, H. C, 1898a, 1898b, 1898c MuUan, J. W., 1958 check list, of Woods Hole seine Bean, T. H., 1881, 1884 Commissioners on Inland Fisheries, effect of salinity changes 1878-1892, 1893-1899 Sumner, F. B., 1906 soft shell clam food for cows Wheeler, C. L., 1948

Hinckley, I., 1882 predators Gulf of Maine Turner, H. J., Jr., et al, 1948 Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1936, weir landings 1953 in Waquoit Bay Bigelow, H. B. & W. W. Welsh, 1925 Commissioners on Inland Fisheries, history, Massachusetts 1878-1893, 1894-1899 Storer, D. H., 1846-1867 Lyman, T., 1872a larva whales Bigelow, H. B., 1917, 1922 Anonymous, 1665/66 Nantucket FISH HAWK Sharpe, B. & H. W. Fowler, 1904 Rathbun, R., 1883 Nantucket shoals scientific investigations Edwards, R. L., R. Livingstone & Rathbun, R., 1883 P. E. Hamer, 1962 Smith, J. A., 1889 records & notes for period 1600-1800 Fish lice U. S. Fish Commission, 1873a see Branchiura (Argulus) strange & curiously contrived Fistularia tabacaria Winthrop, J., 1670 Smith, H. M., 1898a Woods Hole U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Baird, S. F., 1873a Fistulicola plicatus young dispersal parasite of Xiphias gladius Williams, G. C, 1960 Linton, E., 1941 Fisheries Fixation, marine organisms Atwood, N. E., 1871a, 1871b, 1873 Russell, H. D. & M. R. Carriker, 1963 Baird, S. F., 1873c, 1873d, 1889 Flagellata Clark, A. H., 1887 Lackey, J. B., 1940 Collins, J. W. & H. M. Smith, 1892 Margalef, R., 1960a Edwards, V. N., 1873 Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 Bourne fishway at Cape Cod Canal morphology Collins, G. B., 1950 Nie, D., 1947 exhaustion new species Lyman, T., 1872b Lackey, J. B., 1960 gill-net parasitic Commissioners on Inland Fisheries Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 1878-1892, 1893-1899 Kudo, R., 1923 grounds, offshore physiology Rich, W. H., 1930 Hochachka, P. W. & J. M. Teal, 1964 historical references, fishing towns seasonal distribution Clark, A. H., 1887 Hulburt, E. M., 1956b marine of Barnstable County Lillick, L. C, 1937 Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Flatworms Mollusca see Platyhelminthes Belding, D. L., 1909 Float, Phvsalin of 1871 gas content U. S. Fish Commission, 1873c Safford, V., 1939 of 1872 Flora U. S. Fish Commission, 1873b Barnstable Dunes oyster Boyce, S. G., 1952, 1954 Galttsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch & Elizabeth Islands H. C. McMillin, 1930 Fogg, J. M., Jr., 1930 Martha's Vineyard HoUick, A., 1893 Cretaceous Berrey, E. W., 1915 105 Fundulus heteroclitus

Flora Fouling organisms Nantucket Parker, G. H., 1924 Harshberger, J. W., 1914 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 flowering Smith, S. I., 1880 Miller, G. S., 1897 Zobell, C. E., 1939 Penikese Freezing, intertidal flowering Kanwisher, J. W., 1955, 1957, 1959

Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1933 Frontina marina Woods Hole Bullington, W. E., 1939 Parker, R. W., 1934 Frontina ocularis Sumner, F. B., 1910 Bullington, W. E., 1939 Sumner, F. B., R. C. Osborn, L. J. Cole Fucus & B. M. Davis, 1913 Ryder, J. A., 1885 Flustra tmncata anaerobiosis Desor, E., 1851a Wiesee, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 Flustrella hispida periodicity Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Brown, F. A., M. I. Sandeen & Fog, at Nobska H. M. Webb, 1954 Du Bois, E., 1935 Brown, F. A., H. M. Webb & W. J. Brett, Food chain in Buzzards Bay 1958

Peck, J. I., 1896 spermatozoid physiology Food, marine sources Robbins, W. J., 1916 Peck, J. I., 1896 Fucus cinereus Foraminifera Adams, C. B., 1839b Butcher, W. S., 1948 Fucus tonatus Cushman, J. A., 1908, 1944 Wilson, J. H., 1905 Lidz, L., 1965 Fucus vesiculosus Parker, F. L., 1952 Collins, F. S., 1914 Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 wave effects on Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Kingsbury, J. M., 1960 Said, R., 1953 Fundulus Foraminifera facies Newman, H. H., 1909 Buzzards Bay anatomy, deformaties, twins Parker, F. L., 1952 Chidester, F. E., 1914 Nantucket behavior & color changes Lidz, L., 1965 Verrill, A. E.. 1897 Fossils development Dall, W. H., 1894 Draper, J. W. & D. J. Edwards, 1932 Gould, A. A., 1841 Newman, H. H., 1908 HoUick, A.. 1893 food for Asterias forbesi Lyell, C, 1844 Chidester, F. E., 1929 Merrill, F. J. H., 1890, 1896 food for Gonionemus murbachii Packard, A. S., 1900 Gudger, E. W., 1934 Sanford, S. N. F., 1934 host for Chloromyxa funduli Sayles, R. W. & A. S. Knox, 1943 Hahn, C. W., 1915 Shaler, N.S., 1889b host for Myxobolus musculi Stimpson,'W., 1863 Hahn, C. W., 1917 Verrill, A. E., 1875, 1878 rheotaxis Wilson, J. L., 1905 Lyon, E. P., 1905 flora Fundulus diaphanus Hollick, A., 1896b morphology Sayles, R. W., 1939 contact organs Malacostraca Newman, H. H.. 1909 Cushman, J. A., 1905a, 1905b fin-rays Miocene Bigelow. R. P., 1926 Cushman, J. A., 1904a, 1905b Fundulus heteroclitus Pleistocene contact organs, morphology Cushman, J. A., 1904b, lQ05a, 1906c Newman, H. H., 1909 Scudder, S. H., 1877 development horse Armstrong, P. B. & J. S. Child, 1965 Woodworth, J. B., 1900 embryos pollen Armstrong, P. B., 1957 Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1959 exchange by tidal currents Fossiliferous, boulders Williams, G. C, 1960 Crosby, W. 0., 1881 gonads, seasonal cycle Mathews, S. A., 1938 Fundulus heteroclitus 106

Fundulus heteroclitus Gadus morrhua hermaphroditism host for Dibothrium rugosum Chidester, F. E., 1917 Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Anisoporus manteri host for Himasthla tensa Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1940, Linton, E., 1942 1941 morphology, cranial nerves morphology of fin-rays Herrick, C. J., 1900 Bigelow, R. P., 1926 temperature sense of smell Kidder, J. H., 1879 Parker, G. H. & R. E. Sheldon, 1914 Galeichthys felis sexual dimorphism Smith, H. M., 1898a Newman, H. H., 1907 Galeidae spawning behavior Smith, H. M., 1898a Newman, H. H., 1907 Galeocerdo arcticus vertebral variations host for Anthocheilus nidifex Gabriel, M. L., 1942 Linton, E., 1934c Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepodotus host for Thysanocephalus thysanocephalum Fowler, H.W., 1917 Linton, E., 1934c Fundulus majalis Galeocerdo cuvier Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1940 Anonymous, 1916 Fowler, H. W., 1917 Galeocerdo maculatus Schroeder, W. C, 1937 host for Thysanocephalum crispum contact organs, morphology Linton, E., 1892b, 1894 Newman, H. H., 1909 Galeocerdo tigrinus exchange by tidal currents host for Acanthoch^ilus nidifex Williams, G. C, 1960 Linton, E., 1901a morphology of fin-rays host for Ascaris brevicapitata Bigelow, R. P., 1926 Linton, E., 1901b optic morphology host for Orygmatobothrium paulum Parker, G. H., 1903 Linton, E., 1898b Fundulus pisculentus host for Phyllobothrium thysanocephalum Lyman, T., 1861 Linton, E., 1889 Fungi host for Thysanocephalum crispum Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Linton, E., 1889-1891 (1890), 1898b, ecology (1897) Vishniac, H. S., 1956 parasites of parasitic Linton, E., 1901a Linton, E., 1936 cestodes saprophytic Linton, E., 1910a Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1937 Galeocerdo tigrinus Gadidae physiology, digestive tract Smith, H. M., 1898a Sullivan, M. X., 1908 life history Galeus canis Schroeder, W. C, 1928 breeding production & distribution of eggs in Cape Cod Thompson, M. T., 1899 Bay Galeus glaucus Fish, C. J., 1928 Harper, F., 1928 Gadus Galtyana nutti host for Dibothrium rugosum Pettibone, M. H., 1955 Linton, E., 1894 Gametes Gadus callarias viability Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Arbacia punctulata U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Cheney, R. H., 1950 host for Dibothrium rugosum Asterias, Linton, E., 1898b Chaet, A. B., 1964 host for Nitzschia papillosa Cumingia tellinoides Linton, E., 1898c Grave, B. H., 1926, 1928b Gadus melarosis Gametogenesis, experimental stimulation Hsiao, S. C, 1941 Hydroides and Pecten tagging Turner, H. J., Jr. &J. E. Hanks, 1960 Smith, H. M., 1902c Gammarus Gadus morrhua breeding embryology Mead, A. D., 1898 Ryder, J. A., 1884a Gammarus qnnulatus host for clavatum Contracaecum Verrill. A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harger , Linton, E., 1934c 1873 207 Gastropoda

Gammarus natator Gastropoda Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & O. Harger , Scheltema, R. S. & A. H. Scheltema, 1963, 1965 1873 Smallwood, W. M., 1904 Gammarus oceanicus Turner, H. J., Jr., 1958 anaerobiosis Verrill, A. E., 1872, 1873 Wiesee, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1939 Winkley, H. W., 1907, 1909, 1912 osmotic regulation behavior Werntz, H. 0., 1963 Alexander, D. G., 1960 Gammarus pulex Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & intermediate host for Echinorhynchus proteus W. J. Brett, 1959 Linton, E., 1894 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & Gammarus tigrinus H. M. Webb, 1960

osmotic regulation Brown, , F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. F. Werntz, H. O., 1963 Bennett & F. H. Barnwell, 1960 Gargorchis varians Brown, F. A., Jr., M. J. Brett & H. M. parasite of Ceratacanthus schoepfi Webb, 1959 Linton, E., 1942 Brown, F. A., Jr., & H. M. Webb, 1960 Garrupa nigrita Brown, F. A,, Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901 Bennett & L. H. Barwell, 1959 Gasterosteidae Brown, F. A., Jr., H. W. Webb & W. J. Smith, H. M., 1898a Brett, 1960 rheotaxis Copeland, M. A., 1919, 1922 Lyon, E. P., 1905 Hsiao, S. C, 1939 Gasterosteus aculeatus Jenner, C E., 1956b, 1956c, 1957, 1958, development, larval 1959 Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown, Jr. &W. J. embryology Brett, 1959b Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Wilczynski, J. Z., 1955 exchange by tidal currents feeding Williams, G. C, 1960 Copeland, M., 1918 Gasterosteus gladiunculus Hanks, J. E., 1952 Smith, H. M., 1898a sexual Gasterostomum Coe, W. R., 1936b parasite of Tylosurus marinus breeding Linton, E., 1901a Mead, A. D., 1898 Gasterostomum arcuatum Thompson, M. T., 1899 Linton, E., 1901a development parasite of Carcharias obscurus Gould, H. N., 1949 Linton, E., 1934c Hanks, J. E., 1963 parasite of Sarda sarda larval Linton, E., 1901a Casteel, D. B., 1904 Gasterostomum capitatum embryology parasite of Auxis rochei Gray, G. M., 1941 Linton, E., 1942 freezing metabolism

Gasterostomum increscens Kanwisher, J., 1959 seasonal distribution in Sphyraena borealis geotropism Linton, E., 1914 Kanda, S., 1916 Gasterostomum ovatum hermaphroditism parasite of Lobotes surinamensis Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a Linton, E., 1901a intertidal freezing Gastropoda Kanwisher, J. W., 1955 Adams, C. B., 1839a, 1841b metabolism Bartsch, P., 1907-1912 Zieg, R. G., 1960 Bulfinch, T., 1844 mortality Carriker, M. R. & D. van Zandt, 1964 Fraenkel, G., 1960 Conklin, E. G., 1897 new species Crowell, S., 1945 Adams, C. B., 1841a Gray, G. M., 1932 parasitic hosts Jenner, C. E. & N. A. Chamberlain, 1955 Cable, R. M., A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 1940, Lyman, T., 1861 1941 Merriman, D., 1937 Cable, R. M. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 Moore, G. M., 1950 Linton, E., 1915c Plaine, H. L., 1952 Miller, H.M., Jr. & F. E. Northup, 1926 Russell, H. D., 1946, 1964 Wheeler, W. M., 1894a Scheltema, R. S., 1956, 1961, 1962, 1965 Gastropoda 108

Gastropoda Gegarcimus penis resorption fossill Jenner, C.E., 1936a Lyell, C, 1844 periodicity Gelasimus Haseman, J. D., 1911 Smith, S. I., 1873 physiology Gelasimus vocans Brown, F. A., Jr., F. H. Barnwell & Lyman, T., 1861 H. M. Webb, 1964 Geleia simplex Kepner, W. A., 1943 Faure-fremiet, E. A., 1951a predators Gemmaria gemmosa

Turner, H. J., Jr., J. C. Ayers & synonomy C. L. Wheeler, 1948 Hargitt, C. W., 1908 reproduction Geography Hanks, J. E., 1957 Blunt, E. M., 1827 sex changes Woodworth, J. B. & E. Wigglesworth, 1934 Coe, W. R., 1938 Geology Gay Head Fuller, M. L., 1906b Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1964 Hitchcock, E., 1833 West, S., 1793 Hoskins, H. & S. T. Knott, 1961 Woodworth, J. B., 1897 Koons, B. F., 1884, 1885 algae Marindin, H. L., 1897 Davis, B. M., 1913b Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1958 Cretaceous Woodworth, J. B., 1927 Uhler, P. R., 1892a, 1892b Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, upper 1954a, 1957

Wadworth, J. B., 1897 Zeigler, J. M., S. Tuttle, B. Gill, H. fossils Tasha & G. S. Giese, 1961

Dall, W. H., 1894 Zeigler, J. M., S. D. Tuttle, H. J. Tasha Lyell, C, 1844 & G. S. Giese, 1964 Merrill, F. J. H., 1890 beach Packard, A. S., 1900 Zeigler, J. M., 1960 Sanford, S. N. F., 1934 Cape Cod Stimpson, W., 1863 Chamberlain, B. B., 1964 geology Grabau, A. W., 1897 Clark, W. B., 1890 Mather, K.F.. R. P. Goldthwait & L. R. Uhler, P. R., 1892a, 1892b Thiesmeyer, 1940, 1942 geo-morphology Shaler,.N.S. ,1889a, 1890, 1898 Baylies, W., 1793 Upham, W., 1879

glacial deposits Woodworth, J. B. & E. Wigglesworth, 1934

Woodworth, J. B., 1900 Zeigler, J. M., H. J. Tasha & G. S. Giese, mi cropaleontology 1964

Knox, A., 1952 Zeigler, J. M., S. D. Tuttle, H. J. Tasha mineralogy & G. S. Giese, 1964 Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 Chatham Miocene shoreline Cushman, J. A., 1904a, 1905b Mitchell, H., 1873 Dall, W. H., 1894 Elizabeth Islands Pleistocene moUusks HoUick, A., 1901 Mcalester, A. L., I. G. Speden & facetted pebbles M. A. Buzas, 1964 Davis, W. M., 1895 stratigraphy Falmouth shoreline Knox, A., 1952 Kemp, J. M. & W. S. Butcher, 1952 Merrill, F. J. H., 1890 Gay Head Tertiary strata Baylies, W., 1793 Lyell, C, 1844 Clark, W. B., 1890 water movement (non-tidal drift) off Gay Head Uhler, P. R., 1892a, 1892b Bumpus, D. F., 1961 Harwich Bumpus, D. F., J. Chase, C. G. Day, Koteff, C. & J. E. Cotton, 1962 D. H. Frantz, Jr., D D. Ketchum, R. G. Inner shelf-south Walden, 1957 Bigelow, H. B., 1927 Bumpus, D. F. & C. G. Day, 1957 seismic investigations Gebia affinis Ewing, M., et al, 1950 larvae Stetson, H., 1938 Smith, S. I., 1873 Martha's Vineyard Hollick, A., 1893 Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 109 Gonionemus

Geology Germo alalunga Martha's Vineyard Smith, H. M., 1898b Shaler, N. S., 1888 Geryon Quinquedens

Woodworth, J. B., 1894 Smith, S. I., 1878-1882 Massachusetts Giraudia sphacelaroides Emerson, B. K., 1917 Schuh, R. E., 1900a Monomoy Glacial Mitchell, H., 1871 brick clays Monomoy shoals Shaler, N. S., J. B. Woodworth & C. F. Mitchell, H., 1886 Marbutt, 1896 Nantucket deposition Curtis, G. C. & J. B. Woodworth, 1899 Curtis, G. C. & J. B. Woodworth, 1899 Gulliver, F. P., 1904, 1909 deposits Hollick, C. A., 1896 Cape Cod Jones, W. F. & J. B. Lucke, 1951 Zeigler, J., et al, 1964 Merrill, F., 1896 Gay Head age of Woodworth, J. B., 1900 Scudder, S. H., 1881 history Harbor Wilson, J. H., 1906 Marindin, H. L., 1896 uplift shoreline Fairchild, H. L., 1926 Gulliver, F. P., 1904 Glaciation Nausett Beach Fuller, M. L., 1906b Mitchell, H., 1871 Lougee, R. J., 1939 Oyster Pond, Martha's Vineyard marine limits Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 Horner, N. G., 1929 Quissett Glaridacris catostomi Bartlett, H. H., 1909 parasite of Catostomus commersonii Race Point Linton, E., 1941 Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1958 Glenodinium compressa shoreline changes Calkins, G. N., 1902 Chute, N. E.. 1946 Globicephala Marindin, H. L., 1889, 1890, 1894a Starrett, A. & P. Starrett, 1955 shore processes Globicephalus melus Marindin, H. L., 1892a host for Prosthecocotyle monticellii Truro Linton, E., 1924 fossiliferous boulders Gloecapsa zostericola Crosby, W., 1881 Farlow, W. G., 1882b Geophysics Gloeocystis Ewing, M., et al, 1950 Farlow, W. G., 1882b Liebermann, L. N., 1948 Gloiopotes ornatus Oldale, R. M. & C. R. Tuttle, 1964 Wilson, C. B.. 1906 subsurface structure of Cape Cod Bay Glycera dibranchiata Hoskins, H. & S. T. Knott, 1961 Pearse, A. S., 1928 Geotaxis Gnesioceros sargassicola Arbacia Hyman, L. H., 1939 Lyon, E. P., 1906a Gnesioceros verrilli Geotropism Hyman, L. H., 1939 Littorina littorea classification Kanda, S., 1916 Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Protozoa Gobiosoma bosci Kanda, S., 1914 Smith, H. M., 1898a Geotropism & diurnal rhythm Goffinella stylifer Thyone briareus Wilson, C. B., 1932 Stier, J. T. B., 1933 Gonionemus George M. Gray Museum behavior Carriker, M. R., 1964, 1965 Morse, M., 1906, 1907 Russell, H. D. & M. R. Carriker, 1963 Murbach, L., 1895, 1909 Georges Bank light reactions Verrill, A. E., 1878 Murbach, L., 1909 sediments breeding Wigley, R. L., 1961a Thompson, M. T., 1899 Gephyreae Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 i

Gonionemus 110

Gonionemus Great Pond life history exchange of fresh & salt water Murbach, L., 1895 Ketchum, B. H., 1951 morphology, otocysts Foraminifera Thomas, L. J., 1921 Said, R., 1953 tentacles, origin hydrography Perkins, H. F., 1901 Barlow, J. P., 1952, 1955 variation Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Hargitt, C. W., 1900b, 1901 phosphorus distribution Gonionemus murbachii Hulburt, E. M., 1956a behavior phytoplankton Gudger, E. W., 1934 Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Yerkes, R. M. & J. B. Ayer, Jr., 1903 salinity distribution P., budding in larvae Barlow, J. 1956 Perkins, H. F., 1903 seasonal growth of oysters development Pierce, M. E. & J. T. Conover, 1954 Perkins, H. F., 1902 seasonal productivity physiology Conover, J. T., 1958 Yerkes, R. M., 1902b temperature spawning, effect of light Barlow, J. P., 1955 Rugh, R., 1929 Vaucheria Gonothyrea loveni Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conovor, 1953 development water movement Grave, B. H., 1933 Barlow, J. P., 1955 Goose barnacles zooplankton see Lepas Barlow, J. P., 1952, 1955 Graffilla semellipara Great Harbor commensal with Modiolus plicatulus Woods Hole Linton. E.. 1910c bioluminescence A. Wing, Patterson, J. T., 1912 Backus, R. H., C. S. Yentsch & development, early 1961 Patterson, J. T., 1912 Green crabs Graffkya homari see Carcinus maenas infecting Homarus americanus Green sea urchins Rabin, H. & F. B. Bang, 1964 see Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis Grain size Gribbles distribution see Limnoria Schlee, J., E. Uchupi, J. V. A. Trumbull, Griffthsia bornetiana 1964 development Grammonota inomata Derick, C. M., 1899 behavior life cycle Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1911 Lewis, I. F., 1914 GRAMPUS life history I. 1912 scientific investigations Lewis, F., 1909, Collins, J. W., 1889 Grinnellia americana Grapsus pictus development M. A., 1897 Smith, S. I., 1877-1882b Brannon, Grass shrimp life history see Hippolyte Lewis, L F., 1912 Gravity structure Bugula larvae Brannon, M. A., 1897 Lynch, W. F., 1949 Gruberia calkins Grazing Beltran, E., 1933 Acartia Grubia websteri 1882a, Anraku, M., 1964 Verrill. A. E. , 1882b Copepoda Gulf of Maine Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 fishes of 1953 Great Pond Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1936, algae, benthic Bigelow, H. B. & W. W. Welsh, 1925 autecology Gulf weed Conover, J. T., 1958 see Sargassum seasonal production Gulf weed crabs Conover, J. T., 1958 see Planes minutus Dinophyceae, unarmoured Gunda segmentata Hulburt, E. M., 1957 morphology Curtis, W. C, 1908 Ill Heat Death Gymnodinoides Halecium tensum excy station on Uca pugnax Eraser, C. M.. 1943 Trager, W., 1957 Halichondria panicea Gymnodinoides inkystans de Laubenfels, M. W.. 1949 excy station on Pagurus longicarpus Haliclona oculata Trager, W., 1957 de Laubenfels. M. W.. 1949 Gymnodinium lazulum Haliclona palmata Hulburt, E. M., 1957 de Laubenfels. M. W.. 1949 Gymnodinium nelsoni Haliclona permollis Hulburt. E. M., 1957 de Laubenfels. M. W.. 1949 respiratory metabolism Halithalestris croni Hochachka, P. W. & J. M. Teal. 1964 Sharpe. R. W.. 1911 Gymnodinium stellatum Halodrillus littoralis Hulburt. E. M.ri957 Verrill. A. E.. S. 1. Smith & O. Harger, Gymnodinium striatissimum 1873 Hulburt. E. M.. 1957 Halosaccion ramentaceum Gymnosarda pelamys Epiphytic on Rhodymenia palmata host for Tristomum laeve Collins, F. S.. 1914 Linton. E.. 1898c HALYCON Gymnura altavela scientific investigations Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1951 Anonymous. 1889 Gyrodinium aureolum Smith. .J. A., 1889 Hulburt. E. M., 1957 Haminea solitaria Gyrodinium dominans natural history Hulburt. E. M., 1957 Smallwood. W. M.. 1904 Gyrodinium estuariale Hantzschia amphioxys Hulburt. E. M.. 1957 tidal rhythms, intertidal sand seasonal distribution Faure- Fremiet, E.. 1951b Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Haplophragmoides hancocki Gyrodinium glaebum Parker. F. L. & W. D. Athearn. 1959 Haplospora Hulburt , E. M..1957 Gy/odinium metum Farlow, W. G.. 1882b Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Hard shelled clams Gyrodinium resp lenden s see Mercenaria " " Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Harengula sardina Gyrodinium spirale Radcliffe. L.. 1916 Hulburt. E. M., 1957 Harmothoe Gyrodinium uncatenum breeding Vl uTburt. E. M.. 1957 Mead. A. D.. 1898 Gyrodinium undulans Harmothoe dearbomii Hulburt. E. M.. 1957 Pettibone. M. H.. 1955 Habitats Harmothoe imbricata AUee, W. C, 1934 Pearse, A. S.. 1928 Verrill, A. E., 1873 Harmothoe macginitiei Hadley Harbor Pettibone. M. H.. 1955 Arabella on Diopatra cuprea Harpacticoida Allen, M. J., 1952 Pennak. R. W.. 1942b Cetorhinus maximus Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Anonymous, 1937 Harpacticus chelifer faunal and environmental variability Sharpe. R. W.. 1911 Parker, R. H., et al, 1964 Hartmania moorei meiofauna Pettibone. M. H.. 1955 Driscoll, A. L., 1964 Harwich invertebrate community archaeology Stauffer, R. C. 1937 Julien. A.. 1907 Halacarus geology Koteff. C. & J. E. Cotton. 1962 Hag. J.. 1965 Halacarus anomalus stratigraphy Koteff. C. & J. E. Cotton, 1962 Hag, J., 1965 Halacgros basteri basteri Haustoriidae anaerobiosis Bousfield". E. L., 1965 Haustorius canadensis Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1939 Bousfield. E. L.. 1965 Halcampa farinacea Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Heat death Orr, P. R.. 1946 Halecium g raci le .Verrill. A. E.. S. 1. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 Heat tolerance 112

Heat tolerance Himasthala tensa Wilkens, J. L. & M. Fingerman, 1965 parasite of Gadus morrhua Heliotropism Linton, E., 1942 larval Hipp a Kanda, S., 1919 breeding Helminth entozoa Mead, A. D., 1898 Linton, E., 1934c morphology Hemichordata Smith, S. L, 1874-1878 Morgan, T. H., 1891, 1892 Hippa talpoida behavior behavior Miner, R. W., 1912 Welsh, J. H., 1933 life history development Agassiz, A., 1873 Faxon, W., 1879b physiology larval Hess, W. M., 1935 Smith, S. I., 1873, 1874-1878 Hemirhampus brasiliensis morphology Smith, H. M., 1898b Smith, S. L, 1874-1878 Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1940 Hippocampus hudsonius V. Edwards, 1901 Hemitripterus americanus Sherwood, G. H. & N. physiology Smith, H. M., 1898a Hippoglossina oblonga Kidder, J. H., 1879 Hemiurus appendiculatus albinism Linton, E., 1934c Lux, F. E., 1959 Hermaphroditism Hippoglossoides platessoides Arbacia punctulata physiology Zimmerman, A. M., S. B. Zimmerman & Kidder, J. H., 1879 E. B. Harvey, 1960 Hippoglossus hippoglossus mollusks Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a Hipponoe gaudichaudi Sabella microphthalma Moore, J. P., 1903b Gregory7L. H., 1905 Hippoporina contracta Croasdale, Hermit crabs Rogick, M. D. & H. 1949 see Pagunis Hippothoa hyalina A. Croasdale, 1949 Herring fishing Rogick, M. & H. Cape Cod Canal Hippuraria elongata Collins, G. B., 1950 Osburn. R. C. 1912 Hesione agilis Hirudinella fusca gladius Webster. "H. E.& J. E. Benedict. 1884 parasite of Xyphias Hesionidae Manter, H. W., 1926 new species Histiophorus gladius manubriforme Pettibone, M. H., 1956 host for Dibothrium Linton, E., Heteromastix fissa 1894 Lackey, J. B., 1940 History Heteromysis clam fishery 1930 breeding Belding, D. L., 1914, 1916, Thompson, M. T., 1899 Marine Biological Laboratory Heteromysis formosa Lillie, F. R., 1944 Systematic s-Ecology Program Verrill. A. E.. S. I. Smith & 0. Harger , 1873 Carriker, M. R., 1964, 1965 Heteronemertea Holocene Thompson, C. B., 1900b Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1963 b Hexamatia Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962a & 1962 parasite of Deropristis inflata Holocentrus Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b Himasthala Holothuroidea Stunkard, H. W., 1960 Ayres, W. 0., 1854 Himasthala compacta Desor.E.. 1851a Gray, G. M., 1932 life history Commission, 1901 Stunkard. H. W.. 1960 U. S. Fish Himasthala mcintoshi autotomy Stunkard. H. W.. 1960 Pearse, A. S., 1909 Himasthala oiscitola behavior Stunkard. H. W.. 1960 Pearse, A. S., 1908 Himasthala quissetensis swimming Costello, D. P., 1946b life history & morphology Stunkard, H. W., 1938 Hydrogenion concentration 113

Holothuroidea Humidity breeding vertical distribution on Nantucket Mead, A. D., 1898 Emmons, G., 1947 diurnal rhythms Humus, marine S. A., 1933 Stier, T. J. B., 1933 Waksman, physiology Hurricanes Clark, H. L., 1901 1944 rare Chute, N. E., 1946 Gray, G. M., 1936 ecological effect of (1939) spawning Rogick, M. D., 1940 Colwin, L. H., 1948 effect on sea water levels synonomy Redfield, A. C. & A. R. Miller, 1955, 1957 Clark, H. L., 1901 Hulchinsoniella macracantha Holozoa clavata anatomy, external Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Sanders, H. L., 1963a Homaeocladia larval development Sanders, L., 1963a Peck, J. I., 1896 H. Homalometron pallidum morphology Linton, E., 1934c Hessler, R. R. & H. L. Sanders, 1964 classification functional Stunkard, H. W., 1964 Sanders, H. L., 1963a life history phylogeny Stunkard, H. W., 1964 Sanders, H. L., 1957 morphology Hyale prevosti Stunkard, H. W., 1964 anaerobiosis Homarus americanus Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 Hyannis U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 behavior fisheries Edwards, V. N., 1873 *Atwood, N. E., 1865 culture Hybocodon variation Rathbun, R., 1887b morphology development Hargitt, C. W., 1901 occurrence of Ryder, J. A., 1886a & 1886b larval Mead, A. D., 1898 Hybocodon prolifer Smith, S. I., 1872, 1873 W., lQn2b embryology Hargitt, C. Bumpus, H. C, 1891 Hydra worms Nicolea infected by Graffkya homari see young of Rabin, H. & F. B. Bang, 1964 Hydractinia landings Lyman, T., 1861 Commercial Inland Fisheries, 1893-1899 development life history Bunting, M., 1894 Herrick, F. H., 1911 origin of sex cells Hughes, J. T. & G. C. Matthiessen, 1962 Bunting, M., 1894 migrations symbiosis with Pagurus Bumpus, H. C, 1901 Bunting, M., 1894 reasoning ability Hydractinia echinata Nye, W., Jr., 1887b commensal Hopkinsina pacifica atlantica Crowell, S., 1945 Parker, F. L., 1952 ontogeny Hoploplana grubei Hargitt, C. W., 1911 Hyman, L. H., 1939 symbiosis Hoploplana inquilina Hargitt, C. W.. 1908 Hyman, L. H., 1939 synonomy Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Horse conchs Hydractinia valens see Busycon Eraser. C. M., 1943 Horse, fossil fragment Hydranth formation & temperature Woodworth, J. B., 1900 Tubularia Horse mussels Moore, J. A., 1939 see Modiolus modiolus Hydrargira flavula Horsehair snakes Lyman, T., 1861 see Gordiacea Hydrogenion concentration Horseshoe crabs Rands Harbor see Limulus polyphemus Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & G. C. Whiteley, Jr., 1956 Hydrogen sulohide 114

Hydrogen sulphide Hydrozoa Manheim, F. T., J. V. A. Trumbull, evolution A. R. Tagg & J. Holsemann, 1964 Lenhoff, H. M. & H. A. Schneiderman, bacterial reduction 1959 Berner, R. A., 1963 growth, terminal Hydrography Crowell, S. & C. Wyttenbach, 1957 Barlow, J. P., 1952, 1955 life history Blunt, E. M., 1827 Murbach, L., 1895 Hulburt, E. M., 1956b morphology W., Kemp, J. M. & W. S. Butcher, 1952 Hargitt, C. 1900b, 1901 Shaw, W. N., 1962 Perkins, H. F., 1901 Thomas, Lt., C. M., 1938 Smallwood, M., 1899 Thomas, L., 1921 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith &0. Harger, 1873 new species Hydroida Eraser, C. M., 1943 Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Murbach, L., 1899 Hydroides dianthus physiology Kepner, W. A., 1943 Turner, H. J., Jr. &J. E. Hanks, 1960 behavior Yerkes, R. M., 1902b Hargitt, C. W., 1906a, 1909b regeneration Yerkes, A. W., 1906 Golden, A., 1942 host for sporocysts Hargitt, G. T., 1902c, 1905b Linton, E., 1915d symbiosis with Pycnogonida spawning Cole, L. J., 1910 Hargitt, C. W., 1910 systematics Hydroides hexagonus Petersen, K. W., 1964 heliophila Pearse, A. S., 1928 Hymeniacidon development de Laubenfels, M. W., 1949 Grave, B. H., 1933 Hyperia galba host for Cercaria loossi physiology Martin, W. E., 1944 Raymond, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Hydrozoa Hyperoodon Agassiz, A., 1862 fossil Lyell, Crowell, S., 1945 C, 1844 Desor, E., 1851a Hypoeulalia bilineata 1942a, Lyman, T., 1861 Hartman, 0., 1944 Safford, V., 1939 Hypolytus peregrinus U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Murbach. L.. 1899 roberti Watt, D. J., 1955 Hyporhamphus Wittenberg, J. B., 1958 Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b autotomy Ichthyology of Massachusetts Morse, M., 1909 Gill, T., 1905 behavior Ichthyonema globiceps Morse, M., 1906 Linton, E., 1898a Rugh, R., 1929 Ichthyonema sanguineum Yerkes, R. M. & J. B. Ayer, Jr., 1903 parasite of Paralichthys dentatus feeding Linton, E., 1901a Gudger, E. W., 1934, 1942 Ichthyotaenia adherens breeding parasite of Cestracion zygaena Mead, A. D., 1898 Linton, E., 1925 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Idothea baltica budding feeding Perkins, H. F., 1903 De la Cruz, A. H., 1960 development Idothea coeca Allen, C. M., 1900 Lyman, T., 1861 Bunting, M., 1894 Idothea irrorata 1880a Crowell, S. & M. Rusk, 1950 Harger, 0., Hargitt, C. W., 1900a, 1904a, 1906b, 1911 breeding Moore, J. A., 1939 Thompson, M. T., 1889 Perkins, H. F., 1902 Idothea phosphorea distribution Harger, 0., 1880a 0. Harger Eraser, C. M., 1912 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & , Hargkt, C. W., 1902b, 1905a, 1908, 1909b 1873 Nutting, C. C, 1901 Idothea robusta embryology Harger, 0., 1880a Beckwith, C. J., 1909 breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 s

115 Iron requirements

Idulia coronata Insecta Moore, G. M., 1950 Verrill, A. E., 1873 Russell, H. D., 1964 Interference phenomena Idya furcata tides Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Redfield, A. C, 1953 Idya roseola Interstitial water, marine muds Agassiz, A., 1862 Siever, R, et al, 1961 llyanassa Intertidal breeding animal distribution, vertical Mead, A. D., 1898 Fahey, E. M., 1947 locomotion rate chlorophyll a Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown Jr., & W. J. Gifford, E. C. & E. P. Odum, 1961 Brett, 1959a, 1959b colonization, pioneer llyanassa obsoleta Fahey, E. M., 1949 see also Nassarius obsoletus copepods Winkley, H. W., 1907 Pennak, R. W., 1942a fauna host for trematode sporocysts & cercariae of Barnstable Harbor Linton, E., 1915c Sanders, H. L., et al, 1962 periodicity of Gansett Beach, Quissett Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & Howard, R. S., 1954 W. J. Brett, 1959 mesoporal µporal ciliates Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett & H. M. Webb, 1959 Faure Fremiet, E. A., 1951a amphioxys Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1960 Hantzschia Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett tidal rhythm & L. H. Barnwell, 1959 Faure-Fremiet, E. A., 1951b llyopsyllus sarse Mystacocarida Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Pennak, R. W. fk D. J. Zinn, 1943 Imogene oculifera productivity Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Gifford, E. C. & E. P. Odum, 1951 Index of condition, oysters repopulation raft grown Fahey, E. M., 1947, 1949 Shaw, W. N., 1963 Invertebrata Infestation, seasonal Dawson, J. A., 1931 larval trematode Smith, R. I., (ed.), 1964 Miller, H. M., Jr. & F. E. Northup, 1926 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Inlet changes Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith ,^0. Harger, 1873 Edgartown Harbor acoustic orientation Whiting, H. L., 1890 Moulton, J. M., 1963 Inner shelf amino acid uptake bottom topography Stephens, G. C. & R. A. Schinske, 1958, Northrop, J., 1951 1961 fauna anaerobiosis Verrill, A. E., 1882b Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 geomorphology benthic survey Ewing, M., et al, 1950 Menemisha Bight geophysics Lee, R. E., 1944 Ewing, M., et al, 1950 blood cell counts Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Yeager, J. F. & O. E. Tauber, 1935 reappearance catalogue Bumpus, H. C, 1899 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith 8cO. Harger, 1873 physical oceanography fouling Bigelow, H. B., 1927 Parker, G. H., 1924 salinity Nantucket shoals Bigelow, H. B. & M. Sears, 1955 Desor, E., 1851b Day, C. G., 1963 observations sediments Bumpus, H. C, 1898a, 1898b Northrup, F. E., 1Q26 Woods Hole Northrop, J., 1951 Smith, R. I., 1964 Stetson, H., 1938 Iridia convexa temperature commensal on Cyclammina Day, C. G., 1963 Cushman, J. A., 1920 cycle Iron Bigelow, H. B., 1933 in sea water, determination Rakestraw, W., et al, 1936 zooplankton N. requirements Bigelow, H. B. & M. Sears, 1939 Iron of planktonic algae

Ryther, J. H. & D. D. Kramer, 1961 Ironella prismatolaima 116

Ironella prismatolaima Kettle holes Cobb, N. A., 1920 Elizabeth Islands & Woods Hole Isobractus setosus Koons, B. P., 1884, 1885 Hag, J., 1965 Keys, invertebrates Isocardia of Woods Hole region fossil Smith, R. I., 1964 Verrill, A. E., 1878 King crabs (British usage) Isochrysidalis see Limulus Hulburt, E. M., 1963 Knobbed whelk Isopoda see Busycon carica Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 Kr^yerina elongata Burbanck, W. D. & M. P. Burbanck, 1958 parasite of Faleus glaucus Harger, 0., 1880a, 1880b Wilson, C. B., 1932 Menzies, R. J. & C. Beckman, 1958 Kr^yeria nasuta Richardson, H., 1909 parasite of Dasybatus marinus Wilson, C. Smith, S. I., 1880 B., 1932 Wigiey, R. L., 1961b Kr^yeria papillipes breeding parasite of S. zygaena Mead, A. D., 1898 Wilson, G. B., 1932 embryology Kyphosus sectatrix McMurrich, J. P., 1895 Smith, H. M., 1898a new species Labidocera aestiva Harger, 0., 1878 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Richardson, H., 1908 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 parasitic behavior Thompson, M. T., 1902 Parker, G. H., 1902 sex determination distribution Reinhard, E. G., 1949 Anraku, M., 1962 Istiophorus americanus grazing host for Bothriocephalus manubriformis Anraku, M., 1964 Linton, E., 1941 Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 Isurus dekayi migration & depth Smith, H. M., 1898a Parker, G. H., 1902 host for Phyllobothrium tumidum morphology Linton, E., 1922d Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 host for Thysanocephalum ridiculum respiration Linton, E., 1901b Anraku, M., 1964 Isurus oxyrinchus Labrospira crassimargo Phleger, P. B. W. R. Walton, 1950 Atwood, N. E., 1866a & Jack-knife clams Labyrinthula see Siliqua, Tagelus Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Jadammina poly stoma parasite of Zostera marina Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Renn, C. E., 1935, 1936b Jaera albifrons Labyrinthula chattoni Harger, O., 1880a Sparrow. F. K., Jr., 1936 Jaera marina Lactophrys tricornis embryology Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b McMurrich, J. P., 1895 Lactophrys trigonus Jaminia producta Smith, H. M., 1898a Lactophrys triqueter Adams, C. B., 1841a , 1841b Jaminia seminuda Smith, H. M.. 1899a, 1901 Adams. C. B.. 1839b, 1819a, 1941b Lady crabs Janira spinosa see Ovalipes Harger, P., 1880a Laemargus moricatus Janthina fragilis development McClendon, J. P., 1906, 1907 Bulfinch, T., 1844 mortoni Gould, A. A., 1841 Laevicardium Jellyfish hermaphroditism see Ctenophora, Hydromedusae, Scyphomedusae Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a Katama Bay, Nantucket host for Cercana laevicardii Cable, R. M.. 1954 water transport, tides & currents Lajoea Marindin, H. L., 1894b Keratosum complexum Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Hargitt, C. W., 1909b Lafoea calcarata Hargitt, C. W., 1902b 117 Leptosynapta giradii

Lagenorhynchus acutus Lepcophtheirus nordmannii Schevill, W. E., 1956 parasite of Mo'la rotunda host for Taenia chamissonii Rathbun, R., 1885 Linton, E., 1905 Lepidactylis arenarius

Lagocephalus laevigarus Smith, S. I., 1877, 1882c Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Lepidapedon clavatum Laminaria parasite of Ceratacanthus schoepfi Collins, F. S., 1906 Linton, E., 1942 Laminaria agardhii Lepidonotus M. D. Rogick & H. development Croasdale, 1949 Mead. A. D.. 1897 Laminaria longi cruris Lepidonotus angustus

Collins, F. S., 1914 Verrill, A. E.. S. I. Smith & O. Harger, Laminaria platymeris 1873

Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Lepidonotus squamatus Lamna comubica tolerance to low salinity physiology digestive tract Pearse, A. S.. 1928 Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Lepidonotus sublevis

host for Echthrogaleus coleoptratus Verrill. A. E.. S. I. Smith & 0. Harger. Rathbun, R., 1885 1873 Lampris luna Lepocreadium pyriforme Gudger, E. W., 1930 Linton. E., 1934c Harper, F., 1928 Lepocreadium retrusum Laomedea dichotoma parasite of Pneumatophorus grex Desor, E., 1851a Linton. E.. 1942 Laonice viridis Lepocreadium setiferoides tolerance to low salinity Martin, W. E., 1938 Pearse, A. S., 1928 Lepocreadium trullaforme Laophonte capillata parasite of Achirus fasciatus Wilson, C. B., 1932 Linton, E., 1942 Laophonte longicaudata Lepraea abyssicola Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Verrill. A. E., 1880-1886 Laophonte manifera Lepraea rubra Wilson. C. B., 1932 Verrill. A. E., S. L Smith & 0. Harger. Laophonte talipes 1873 Wilson, C. B., 1932 Lepralia serrata Larimus fasciatus Osburn. R. C. 1912 Smith, H. M., 1898a Lepralia variolosa Latreutes ensiterus Desor. E., 1851a Smith, S. I,, 1877-1882b Leptocephalus conger Lauderia Smith. H. M.. 1898a Peck, J. I., 1896 U. S. Fish Commission. 1901 Leanira robusta development Hartman, 0., 1942b Eigenman. C. H.. 1902a Leathery tunicates Leptocephalus larvae see Styela Costello. D. P., 1946a Leathesia difformis Leptochelia algicola polysaccharides of Harger. 0.. 1880a Lewin, R. A., 1955 Leptochelia rapax Lebouria truncata Harger. 0.. 1880a parasite of Cynoscion regalis Leptocylindrus minimus Linton, E., 1942 seasonal distribution Lecanicephalumpeltalum Hulburt. E. M.. 1956b parasite of Trygon centrura Leptoplan a angusta Linton. E., 1889-18 91 Pearse. A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Lecithaster confusus Verrill. A. E.. 1888-1892c Linton, E., 1934c Leptoplana folium life history Verrill. A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harger, Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable. 1943a 1873 Ledges Leptoplana virilis development of Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939

Wast. V. C. & Geodetic Survey, 1884a Verrill. A. E.. 1888-1892c . Leeches Leptosynapta giradii see Hirudinea breeding Lembus infusionum Mead, A. D., 18^8 Calkins. G. N.. 1902 Leptosynapta inhaerens 118

Leptosynapta inhaerens Life history autotomy Spelotrema nicolli Pearse, A. S., 1909 Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, behavior, swimming 1940 Costello, D. P., 1946b Tomaria Leptosynapta roseola Agassiz, A., 1873 breeding Tortanus discaudatus Mead, A. D., 1898 Johnson, M. W., 1934 Lernaeolophus sultanus Trematoda parasite of Alutera schoepffi Martin, W. E., 1938, 1939, 1940 Rathbun, R., 1885 Stunkard, H. W., 1936, 1943 Lemaeonema radiata Ilea pugilator parasite of Brevoortia tyrannus Hyman. 0. W., 1922 Rathbun, R., 1885 Ligament, mechanics Lemanthropus brevoortiae Spisula solidissima parasite of Brevoortia tyrannus Hunter, W. R. & D. C. Grant, 1962 Rathbun. R., 1888 Light Lemanthropus pomatomi Bugula larvae parasite of Pomatomus saltator Lynch. W. F., 1949 Rathbun. R., 1888 Copepoda Libinia canaliculata Schallek, W., 1942 Lyman, T.. 1861 Gonionemus Lichenopora hispida reactions Rogicic, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Murbach, L., 1909 Lichomolgus fuciolus spawning behavior Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Rugh, R.. 1929 Licnophora lyngbycola intensity & locomotor activity Faure-Fremiet. E., 1937 Welsh, J. H., 1933 Lictorella crassithera larval reactions to Fraser, C. M., 1943 White. G. M., 1924 Life history penetration in sea water Anisoporus manteri Clarke, G. L., 1933, 1938 Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1940 Clarke, G. L. & R. H. Oster, 1934 Asterias photosynthesis relationship Galtsoff, P. S. & V. L. Loosanoff, 1939 Taylor, W. R. & J. D. Palmer, 1963 Balanoglossus theredid spider, behavior Agassiz, A., 1873 Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1911 Copepoda, parasitic Uca Wilson, C. B., 1905b Brown, F. A., Jr. &M. N. Hines, 1952

Deropristis inflata Brown, F. A., Jr. &M. I. Sandeen & N. Cable. R. M. & A. V. Hunninen. 1942 Fingerman, 1952 fish. Gulf of Maine Brown, F. A., Jr.& G. C. Stephens, 1951 Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1953 Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1949 Bigelow, H. B. & W. W. Welsh, 1925 Venus mercenaria Gadidae Bennett, M. F., 1954 Schroeder, W. C, 1928 Ligula Gonionemus parasite of Palinurichthys perciformis

Murbach, I., 1895 Linton, E., 1941 Griffithsia bornetiana Ligula chilomycteri Lewis. I. F.. 1909 parasite of Chilomycterus geometncus Lecithaster confusus Linton, E., 1897 Hunninen. A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1943a parasite of Chilomycterus schoepfi Mactra solidissima Linton, E., 1941 Belding, D. L., 1910a Liljeborgiid amphipod Mya arenaria Mills, E. L., 1962 Belding, D. L., 1930 Lima Kellogg, J. L., 1905 nest building Podocotyle atomon Merrill, A. S. & R. D. Turner, 1963 Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1943b Limacina retroversa Polinices reproduction Hanks, J. E., 1957 Hsiao. S. C, 1939 Polysiphonia Limanda ferruginea Yamanouchi, S., 1906-1907 host for Dibothrium punctatum Rhodophyta Linton, E., 1889-1891 Lewis, I. F., 1914 morphology, optic Siphodera vinaledwardsii Parker, G. H., 1903 Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1941 parasites of Linton. E.. 1901a, 119 Loligo

Limnodrilus subsalus Littoral

Moore. J. P., 1905b copepods Limnona lignorum Yeatman, H. C, 1963 Harger, 0., 1880a fauna

Smith, S. I., 1880 Rathbun, R., 1881 Limnona tripuncatata polyclads Menzies, R. J. & C. Beckman, 1958 Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Limpets Littorina littorea see Acmaea testudinalis behavior Limulus Alexander, D. G., 1960 behavior breeding Pearl, R., 1904 Thompson, M. T., 1899 migrations geotropism Turner, H. J., Jr., 1951 Kanda, S., 1916 Limulus polyphemus intertidal freezing

behavior Kanwisher, J. W., 1955 Welsh, J. H., 1933 lethal temperatures mating Fraenkel, G., 1960 Pomerat, C. M., 1933 metabolism embryology Zieg, R. G.. 1960

Kingsley, .1. S., 1892 metabolism of freezing

host for Microphallus limuli Kanwisher, J., 1959 Stunkard, H. W., 1953 penis, resorption host for Microphallid metacercariae Jenner, C. W., 1956a Stunkard, H. W., 1950b periodicity, movements & tides infected by bacteria Haseman. J. D.. 1911 Smith, W. R., 1964 shell lethal temperatures host for Hydractmia echinata Fraenkel. G., 1960 Crowell. S., 1945 natural history Littorina palliata Shuster, C. N., 1950 Wilson, J. H., 1905 nervous system metabolism Patten, W. & W. A. Redenbaugh, 1899 Zieg, R. G., I960 predator of Mya arenaria Littorina rudis Turner, H. J., Jr., et al, 1948 host for cerceria of Podocotyle atomos respiratory movements Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1943b Hyde, H. !.. 1894 intertidal freezing

tolerance to low salinity Kanwisher, J. W., 1955 Pearse, A. S., 1928 metabolism Linius bicolor Zieg, R. G., 1960

Verrill. A. E .. 1888-1892 b Livoneca ovalis Linius gesserensis Harger, 0., 1880a anatomy Lobotes surinamensis Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Harper, F., 1928 classification Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Smith. H. M., 1898a Lintonta vibex host for Echinorhynchus pristis var. tenuicornis parasite of Spheroides maculatus Linton. E.. 1891. 1892a Linton, E., 1934c host for Gasterostomum ovatum Lion's name (jellyfish) Linton. E.. 1901a see Cyanea host for Monostomum orbiculare Liparis liparis Linton. E., 1898c Smith, H. M., 1898a Lobster host for Spathebothnum simplex see Homarus Linton, E., 1922c, 1941 Locomotion Lissoclinum aureum Alectrion Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Copeland. M. A., 1919 Listriella clymenellae Polinices Mills, E. L., 1964b Copeland, M. A., 1922 Lithology Loimia viridis

facetted pebbles Moore, J. P., 1903a Davis, W. M., 1895 Loligo Litorinella minuta behavior & color changes Winkley, H. W., 1907 Verrill, A. E., 1897 Little neck clams food for Cynoscion regale

see Mercenaria Peck, J. I., 1896 Loligo pallida 120

Loligo pallida Loxosoma minuta Verrill, A. E., 1874 on Phascolosoma Loligo pealii Osburn, R. C, 1912 Verrill, A. E., 1874, 1880, 1897 Lucania parve

behavior, larval Smith, H. VI., 1898a White, G. M., 1924 Lucinidae mating Verrill, A. E., 1872 Arnold, J. M., 1962 fossil sexual Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Drew, G. A., 1911 Lug worms ecology, populational see Arenicola ( 3 species) Arnold, J. M., 1962 Lumbricillus agilis embryonic stages Moore, J. P., 1905b Arnold, J. M., 1965 tolerance to low salinity hatching Pearse, A. S., 1928 Hibbard, H., 1937 Lumbriconereis opalina reproduction Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, Drew, G. A., 1911 1873 Lomentaria uncinata Lumbriconereis tenuis development of hold fasts Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger ~ , Derick, C. M., 1899 1873 Long finned squid Lumbrineris tenuis see Loligo pealei Hartman, 0., 1944 Long necked clams Lunatia heros see Mya arenana Winkley, H. W., 1907 Long point lighthouse fossil shore line Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Marindin, H. L., 1892a Lunar periodicity Lophius americanus Uca pugnax diet Bennett, M. F. & P. A. Brown, Jr., Schroeder, W. C, 1947 1959a, 1959b Lophius piscatorius Brown, P. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 C. L. Ralph, 1954 Smith, H. M., 1898a Lutianidae host for Bomolochus albidus Smith, H. M., 1898a Wilson, C. B., 1932 Lutianus analis parasites of Smith, H. M., 1899a Linton, E., 1901a Lycidice americana physiology Verrill, A. E., S. \. Smith & 0. Harger , Kidder, J. H., 1879 1873 Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Lyodon echinata blood vascular system distribution Silvester, p. C, 1905 Storer, D. H., 1848b host for Acanthochondria exilipes Lysianopsis alba Wilson, C. B., 1932 Holmes, S. J., 1905 host for Distomum foocundum Lysiosquilla grayi Linton, E., 1901a Chace. p. A.. Jr. , 1958 parasites of Macoma fusca var. fragilis Linton, E., 1901a, Wilson, J. H., 1905 reappearance Macoma incongrua Bumpus, H. C, 1899 Wilson, J. H., 1905 Lophopsetta maculata Macoma lyelii host for Dibothrium punctatum fossil Linton, E., 1889-1891 Sanford, S. N. P., 1934 morphology, optic Miocene Parker, G. H., 1903 Dall, W. H., 1894 Lotella maxillaris Macraspis Bean, T. H., 1885 Taeniocotyle nom. nov. Lovenella clausa Stunkard, H. W., 1962b Eraser, C. M., 1912 MacrouTus bairdii Lovenella gran'dis Smith, H. M., 1898a Hargitt, C. W., 1908 host for Chondracanthodes deflexus Loxosoma davenportii Wilson, C. B., 1932 Nickerson. W. S.. 1898. 1899, 1901 Macrozoarces americanus biology, economic importance Olsen, Y. H. & D. Merriman, 1946 121 Malacostraca Macrura Malacostraca new species Wilson, C. B., 1903a, 1903b, 1905a, 1932 Kingsley, J. S., 1895 anaerobceiosis Mactra solidissima Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 behavior behavior Belding, D. L., 1910a Barnwell, F. H. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1963 growth Bennett, M. F. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1959a, Belding, D. L., 1910a 1959b

life history Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett &M. I. Belding, D. L., 1910a Sandeen, 1953 morphology Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & Belding, D. L., 1910a H. M. Webb, 1954

Magelona rosea Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. Moore. J. P., 1907b Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1953 Magnetic compass, response Brown, F. A., Jr., M. N. Hines, 1952

Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & N. Webb, 1960 Fingerman, 1952

Brown, F. A., Jr.. W. J. Brett, M. F. Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & C. L. Bennett, F. H. Barnwell, I960 Ralph, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr. * G. C. Stephens, 1951 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M Webb & W. J. Brown, F. A., Jr. & H. M. Webb, 1949 Brett, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb ^ M. F. Magnetic fields Bennett, 1955a llyanassa obsoleta Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F.

Nassarius obsoletus Bennett & M. I. Sandeen, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr.. M. F. Bennett & Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & R. C. W. J. Brett, 1959 Graves, 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett ^ H. M. Bumpus, H. C, 1901 Webb, 1960 Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske & J. R. Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. F. Comer, 1964 Bennett & F. H. Barnwell, 1960 Dembowski, J. R., 1926 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett & H. M. Holmes, S. J., 1901, 1903a Webb, 1959 Nye, W., Jr.,. 1887c Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1960 Spaulding, E. G., 1904a Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Webb, H. M & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1958 Bennett & L. H. Barnwell, 1959 Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown, Jr. &R. C. Magnetoreceptive mechanism Graves, 1952 Nassarius Welsh, J. H., 1932, 1933 Brown, F. A., Jr., F. H. Barnwell ^ Yerkes, R., 1902a H. M. Webb, 1964 feeding Malaclemys terrapin De la Cruz, A. H., 1960 Bangs, 0., 1897 breeding Malacobdella grossa Mead, A. D., 1898 in Venus mercenaria commensualism Ropes, J. W., 1963 Pearse, A. S., 1913 Malacostraca development Burbanck, W. D., 1959, 1961, 1962 Faxon, W., 1879a, 1879b

Cushman, J. A., 1906a Ryder, J. A., 1886a, 1886b Fingerman, M., 1955 Smith, S. I., 1872, 1873, 1874-1877, Hansen, H. J., 1915 1878-1882a Harger, 0., 1880a, 1880b larval Herrick, F. H., 1911 Chamberlain, N. A., 1957 Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 durinal rhythm Lyman, T., 1861 Stephens, G. C, 1955 Menzies, R. J. & C. Beckman, 1958 Stephens, G. C, J. P. Green, B. Guttman Mills, L., 1964b & R. A. Schinske, 1958 Pearse, A. S., 1914a, 1914b ecology Rabin, H. ^ F. B. Bang, 1964 Platzman, S. J., 1960 Rathbun, R., 1887b embryology Richardson, H.. 1909 Bumpus, H. C, 1891 Smith, S. I., 1877-1882b, 1877-1882c, 187J McMurrich, J. P., 1895 1882, 1880 excystation Stunkard, H. W., 1956 Trager, W., 1957 Thompson, M. T., 1904b fossil U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Cushman, J. A., 1905 Wigley, R. L., 1961b, 1963a Lyell, C, 1844 Packard, A. S., 1900 Stimpson, W., 1863 Malacostraca 122 Malacostraca Mammalia heliotropism fossil walrus skull Lyon, E. P., 1906b Lyell, C, 1844 Homarus americanus Mesoplodon fishery Agassiz, L., 1868 Commissioners on Inland Fisheries, morphology 1893-1899 Jackson, J. B. S., 1845 key parasites of Hohres, S. J., 1903b Linton, E., 1905, 1924 life history stomach contents Hyman, 0. W., 1922 Griffin, D. R., 1936 mating behavior Manganese markings Chidester, F. E., 1911 on Venus

metamorphosis Teschemacher, J. E., 1851 Thompson, M. T., 1904a Mantis shrimp Miocene see Hoplocarida Cushman, J. A., 1905b see Stomatopoda morphology Margarita undulata Green, J. P., 1964 Wilson, J. H., 1905 Jenner, C. E., 1955 Margelis Willey, C. H., 1958 morphological variation mortality Hargitt, C. W., IQOl Fraenkel, G., 1960 Marginella camea natural history Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 (1883) Hughes, J. T. & G. C. Matthiessen, 1962 Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole new species history

Benedict, J. E., 1901 Lillie, F. R., 1944 Chace, F. A., Jr., 1958 Systematics Ecology Program Harger, 0., 1878 Carriker, M. R.. 1964, 1965 Holmes, S. J., 1905 marine Upper Cretaceous Jones, N. S. & W. D. Burbanck, 1959 Woodworth, J. B., 1897 Kingsley, J. S., 1895 Marinogammarus finmarchicus Mills, E. L., 1962, 1963, 1964a osmotic regulations Richardson, H., 1908 Werntz, H. 0., 1963 parasites of Marsh Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, Barnstable •1940 Shaler,N. S., 1895 Coe, W. R., 1902b Redfield, A. C, 1959, 1965 Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 Martha's Vineyard parasitic Hollick, A., 1896b Thompson, M. T., 1902 Uhler, P., 1892 Wilson, C. B., 1905b, 1906, 1921, 1925 Woodworth, J. B., 1892, 1894 physiology beach & shore line changes

Raymont, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Whiting, H. L., 1886 Werntz, H. 0., 1963 Cretaceous flora reproduction Berry, E. W., 1915 Pearce, J. B., 1964 White, D., 1890 winter distribution currents Irving, L., 1942 Schott, C. A., 1854a Maldane filifera ecology of Mya arenaria VerriU. A. E,. 1880-1886 Matthiessen, G. C, 1960 Maldane urceolata flora tolerance to low salinity Hollick, A., 1893 Pearse, A. S., 1928 fossils Mallotus villosus Hollick, A., 1893 Fowler, H. W., 1917 Shaler, N. S., 1889b Mammalia fossil pollen

Allen, G. M., 1916 Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1959 Brown, J. T., 1883 geology Miller, G. S., Jr., 1897 Chamberlain, B. B., 1964 Schevill, W. E., 1956 Hitchcock, E., 1824 Schuck, H. A., 1951a Hollick, A., 1893 Starrett, A. & P. Starrett, 1955 Shaler', N. S., 1888 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Whiting, H. L. & H. Mitchell, 1869

fisheries Woodworth, J. B. & E. Wigglesworth, 1934 Anonymous, 1665-1666 fossil seal tooth Lyell, C, 1844 123 Menidia gracilis

Martha's Vineyard Mecynocera clausii geological structure Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Hall, J., 1878 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 geomorphology Medusae Marindin, H. L., 1897 Hargitt, C. W., 1905a glacial brick clays Meganyctiphanes norvegica Shaler, N. S.,J. B. Woodworth &C. F. Hansen, H. J., 1915 Marbutt, 18% physiology glaciation Raymont, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Bryson, J., 1893 Megaptera nodosa Upham, W., 1899 Allen, G. M., 1916 inlet changes, Edgartown Meiobenthos Whiting, H. L., 1890 Wieser, W., I960 paleobotony Meiofauna Jeffrey, E. C, 1910 Driscoll, A. L., 1964 palynology Melampus bidentatus Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1963 Lyman, T., 1861 Pleistocene mollusks Melanogrammus aeglefinus

McAlester, A. L., I. G. Speden & M. A. temperature

Buzas, 1964 Kidder, J. H., 1879 Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963, 1964 Melanosis salinity, temperature Gadus Deevy, G. B., 1948 Hsiao, S. C, 1941 sediments Melanospermeae Hitchcock, E., 1824 Jordan, D. S., 1874 shore-line Melita nitida

Mitchell, H., 1872 VerriU, A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harger , stratigraphy 1873 Kaye, C. A., 1963 Mellita testudinata Shaler, N. S., 1889b larvae tertiary Grave, C, 1903 Lyell, C. 1844 Melosira costata

Tertiary Eocene Peck, J. I., 1896 Brown, T. C, 1^05 Melosira sulcata zooplankton size Deevy, G. B., 1948 Margalef, R., 1960b Massachusetts Membranipora lacrioxii geology Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Emerson, B. K., 1917 Membranipora pilosa marine fishes of fouling Blake, J. H., 1871 Parker, G. H., 1924 Massachusetts Bay Membranipora tenuis Cnidaria bryozoa Agassiz, E. C. & A. Agassiz, 1865 Desor, E., 1851a Echinus granulans distribution Membranipora tuberculata Agassiz, A., 1865 Rogick, ^1. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Mollusca, new species Menemsha Right Couthouy, J. P., 1838 algae sedimentation Davis, B. M., 1913b Trowbridge, A. C. & F P. Shepard, 1932 fauna Massartia asymmetrica Lee, P. E., 1944 Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Menhaden Massartia rotundata as food for Cynoscion regale Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Peck, J. I., 1896 seasonal distribution Menidia Hulburt, E. M., 1956b morphology, nervous system Mastigamoeba simplex Herrick, C. J., 1898 Calkins. G. N.. 1902 Menidia beryllina

Material, fine-textured Kendall, W. C . & H. M. Smith, 1894 Lutz, H. J., 1941 behavior Mating schooling see behavior Shaw, E., 1960, 1961 Maurolicus pennanti exchange by tidal currents Smith, H. M., 1898a Williams, G. C, 1960 Meckelia lurida Menidia gracilis Smith, H. M., 1898a VerriU, A. E., S. 1. Smith & O. Harger , 1873 Menidia menidia 124

Menidia menidia Merostomata behavior mortality schooling Fraenkel, G., 1960 Shaw, E., 1957, 1958a, 1958b, 1958c, physiology 1960, 1961 Hyde, \. H., 1894 exchange by tidal currents tolerance to low salinity Williams, G. C, 1960 Pearse, A. S., 1928 Menidia menidia notata Mesh opening, screens for benthic studies Fowler, H. W., 1917 Driscoll, A. L., 1964 development Mesodinium larval feeding

Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Peck, J. I., 1896 embryology Mesodinium cinctum

Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Calkins. G . N.. 1902 host for Stephanostomum tenue Mesogloia divaricata Martin, W. E., 1939 polysaccharides of Menidia notata Lewin, R. A., 1955 Smith, H. M., 1898a Mesonemertea morphology, optic Thompson, C. B., 1900a Parker, G. H., 1903 Mesoplodon Menticirrus nebulosus Agassiz, L., 1868 VerriU, A E., 1897 Mesostigmata Menticirrus saxatilis Hag, J., 1965 behavior Mesozoa ftrker, G. H., 1912 Meinkoth, M. A., 1956 feeding Metabolic rhythms Herrick, C. J., 1903 Uca Mercenaria mercenaria Barnwell, F. H. & F. A. Brown, Jr. ,1963 see Venus mercenaria Metabolism Merismopedia elegans Littorina Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Zieg, R. G., 1960 Merismopedia tenuissima Metals Lewis, I. p. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 submerged, animal growth on Merlangus carbonarius Parker, G. H., 1924 Atwood, N. E., 1868 Metamorphosis Merluccius bilinearis Arbacia punctulata Smith, H. VI., 1898a Harvey, F. B., 1949a, 1949b behavior Bugula Nye, W., Jr., 1887a Lynch, W. F., 1952 development hermit crab larval Thompson, M. T., 1904a Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Homarus americanus

embryology Ryder, J. A., 1886a, 1886b Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Malacostraca

food of Nyaticorax nycticorax naevius Smith, S. I., 1873 Gross, A. 0., 1923 Tomaria host for Distomum ocreatum molin Morgan, T. H., 1891 Linton, E., 1901a Tunicata larvae host for Distomum vitellosum Grave, C, 1941b Linton, E., 1901a veliger larvae parasites of Nassarius obsoletus Linton, E., 1901a Scheltema, R. S., 1961 Mermaid's toenail Metanemerteans see Anomia anatomy Merostomata Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Shuster, C. N., 1950 Meteorological observations Smith, W. R., 1964 Fish, C. J., 1925 Stunkard, H. W., 1950b Meteorology anatomy DuBois, E., 1935 Patten, W. & W. A. Redenbaugh, 1899 Perley, S., 1891 behavior U. S. Army Corp. of Engineers, 1939,1954 Pearl, R., 1904 Weather Bureau, 1961 mating Falmouth shoreline Pomerat, C. M., 1933 Kemp, J. M. & W. S. Butcher, 1952 embryology Metoncholaimus pnsliurus Kingsley, J. S., 1892 physiology Cobb, N. A., 1932 125 Modiola vineyardensis

Metridia hibernica Migration Wheeler, W. M., 1901 fish Metridia lucens Blake, J. H., 1871 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Sherwood, S. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 bioluminescence Gadidae David, C. N. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Schroeder, W. C, 1928 Metridium Homarus americanus metabolism and feeding movements Bumpus, H. C, 1901 AUabach, L. F., 1905 Limulus Metridium dianthus Turner, H. J., Jr., 1951 Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Pomolobus pseudoharengus Metridium marginatum orientation behavior Collins, G. B., 1952 Hargitt, C. W., 1907 Mikrosyphar porphyrae breeding epiphytic on Porphyra umbilicalis Mead, A. D., 1898 Collins, F. S., 1918 respiration & salinity Miliammina fusca Shoup, C. S., 1932 Parker, F. L., 1952 Microbiology Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn. 1959 Hock, C. W., 1940 Phleger, F B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Rabin, H. & F. B. Bang, 1964 Miliolinella Saz, A. K., S. Watson, S. R. Brown & Parker, F L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 D. L. Lowery, 1963 Mineralogy Microciona prolifera Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 de Laubenfels, M. W., 1949 Hitchcock, E., 1833

Microcotyle furcata Moore, J. R.. 1963

parasite of Tautoga onitis Teschemacher, J. E., 1851 Linton, E., 1942 Minot's Ledge Microdeutopus minax submarine topography '

. S. Verri li, A E., I. Smith & 0. Harger , U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey, 1884a 1873" Miocene Microgadus tomcod Gay Head

Sherwood, G. H. &. V. N. Edwards, 1901 Wadworth, J. B., 1897 feeding Crustacea

Herrick, C. .1., 1903 Dall, W. H., 1894 host for Contracaecum clavatum fossils Linton, E., 1934c Packard, A. S., 1900 host for Distomum simplex MoUusca Linton, E., 1898c Dall, W. H., 1894 host for Podocotyle olssoni vertebrates Manter, H. W., 1926 Dall, W. H., 1894 Micropaleontology Miracia efferata Knox, A., 1952 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Microphallus limuli Wheeler, W. M., 1901 life history & morphology Mites (marine)

Stunkard,H. W. , 1 951. 1957 see Halacandae Microphallus similis Mitrella lunata Stunkard, H. W., 1957 host for cerceria of Anisoporus manteri parasitic hosts Hunninen, A. & R. M. Cable, 1940, 1941 Stunkard, H. W., 1953 Mnemiopsis Microstomum lineare breeding

Graff. L. v. . 1911 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Microtaeniell a clymenella e Mnemiopsis leidyi parasite of Clymenella torquata behavior Calkins. G. N-. 1915 Hunter, G. W., 1904 Microtus breweri bioluminescence Miller, G. S., 1897 Chase, A. ^1., 1941 Migration Chang, J. J., 1954 Copepoda Harvey, E. M. & S. P. Marfey. 1958 Anraku, M., 1964 swimming plates Parker, G. H., 1902 Coonfield, B. R., 1934, 1937

vertical Modiola hollick i Schallek, W., 1942 Miocene Cyathura polita Brown, T. C, 1905 Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske & J. R. Modiola plicatula Comer, 1964 Wilson, J. H., 1905 Modiola vineyardensis Eocene Modiolus demissus 126

Modiolus demissus Mollusca hermaphroditism Belding, D. L., 1909, 1910a, 1910b, 1914, Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a 1916, 1930 Modiolus modiolus Boss, K. J. & A. S. Merrill, 1965 intertidal freezing Brown, T. C, 1905 Kanwisher, J. W., 1955 Bulfinch, T., 1844 Modiolus plicatulus Carriker, M. R. & D. Van Zandt, 1964 commensalism Clench, W. J. & C. G. Aquayo, 1931 Linton, E., 1910c Conklin, E. G., 1897 Graffila gemellipara Couthouy, J. P., 1839 Patterson, J. I., 1912 Crowell, S., 1945 Moera levis Drew, G. A., 1899 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger. Field, L A., 1922 " 1873" Gould, A. A., 1841 Mola mola Grave, B. H., 1928a Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 Gray, G. M., 1932 Putnam, F. W., 1871 Greene, T. A., 1833 Smith, H. M., 1898a Hunter, W. R. & S. C. Brown, 1965 host for Ancistrocephalus microcephalus Jackson, R. T., 1888a Linton, E., 1941 Jenner, C. E. & N. A. Chamberlain, 1955 host for Distomum foliatum Johnson, C. W., 1915, 1932 Linton, E., 1898c Lyman, T., 1861 host for Distomum fragile Mattiessen, G. C, 1960 Linton, E., 1901a Merriman, D., 1937 host for Distomum macrocotyle Moore, G. M., 1950 Linton, E., 1898c Nagle, J. S., 1964, 1964b host for Distomum nigroflavum Orr, P. R., 1946 Linton, E., 1898c Plaine, H. L., 1952 host for Tetrarhynchus elongatus larvae Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963, 1964 Linton, E., 1928 Ropes, J. W., 1963 host for Tristomum rudolphianum Ropes, J. W. & C. E. Martin, 1960 Linton, E., 1898c Russell, H. D., 1946, 1964 parasites of Scheltema, R. S., 1956, 1961, 1962, 1965 Linton, E., 1901a Scheltema, R. S. & A. H. Scheltema, 1963 Wo /a rotunda 1965 host for Cecrops latreillii Smallwood, W. M., 1904 Rathbun, R., 1885 Stimpson, W., 1854a, 1854b host for Dibothrium microcephalum Storer, D. H., 1839 Linton, E., 1889, 1891 Turner, H. J., Jr., 1951, 1957, 1958 host for Lepeophtheirus nordmannii Turner, H. J., Jr. & J. E. Hanks, 1959 Rathbun, R., 1885 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 host for Tetrarhynchus elongatus Verrill, A. E., 1872, 1873, 1874, 1880, Linton, E., 1897 1880-1886 (1883) host for Tetrarhynchus repens Winkley, H. W., 1907, 1909, 1912 Linton, E., 1894 Winslow, F., 1883 Molgula manhattensis behavior development Alexander, D. G., 1960 Grave, B. H., 1933 Arnold, J. M., 1962 feeding Bennett, M. F., 1954 Jorgensen, C. B., 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & W. J. fouling Brett, 1959 Parker, G. H., 1924 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & H. M. host for Doropygus laticornis Webb, 1960 Wilson, C. B., 1932 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. morphology Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Hunter, G. W., 1898, 1902 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. F. Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Bennett & F. H. Barnwell, 1960 physiology, x-rays Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett& H. M. Grosch, D. S. & Z. H. Smith, 1957 Webb, 1959 protostigmata Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Willey, A., 1901 Bennett & L. H. Barnwell, 1959 MoUusca Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & M. F. Adams, C. B., 1839a, 1839b Bennett, 1955b Arnold, J. M., 1965 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. Bartsch, P., 1907-1912 Brett, 1960 127 Mollusca

Mollusca Mollusca

behavior fo s s i 1 Bumpus, H. C, 1898a Sanford, S. N. F., 1934 Coe, W. R., 1934, 1936a, 1936b Scudder, S. H., 1877 Copeland, M. A., 1919, 1922 gametogenesis Drew, G. A., 1907b, 1911 Turner, H. J., Jr. & J. E. Hanks, 1960 Grave, B. H., 1922, 1927a, 1927b, 1928b geotropism Hsiao, S. C, 1939 Kanda, S., 1916 Jenner, C. E.. 1956b, 1956c, 1957, 1958, growth 1959 Pierce, M. E. & J. E. Currier, 195), 1952 Mead, A. C, 1898 hermaphroditism Merrill, A. S. & R. D. Turner, 1963 Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a Thompson, M. T., 1899 intertidal freezing Turner, H. J. & C. J. George, 1955 Kanwisher, J. W., 1955 Verrill, A. E., 1897 metabolism Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown, Jr., & W. J. Zieg, R. G., 1960 Brett, 1959b morphology White, G. M., 1924 Hunter, W. R. & D. C. Grant, 1962 Wilcznski, J. Z., 1955 Ryder, J. A., 1889 feeding mortality Blake, J. W., 1961 Burnett, A. L., 1955, 1960 Copeland, M., 1918 parasites of Hanks, J. E., 1952 Cable, R. M., 1954 Jorgensen, C. B., 1952 Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, Patterson, J. I., 1912 1940, 1941, 1942 community ecology Cable, R. M. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & G. C. Linton, E., 1915c Whiteley, Jr.. 1956 Martin, W. E., 1940 development Miller, H. M., Jr. & F. E. Northup, 1926 Casteel, D. B., 1904 Wheeler, W. M., 1894a Galtsoff, P. S., 1954 penis, resorption Gould, H. N., 1949 Jenner, C. E., 1936a Grave, B. H., 1926 periodicity Hanks, J. E., 1963 Haseman, J. D., 1911 Hibbard, H., 1937 physiology Jackson, R. T., 1888b Brown, F. A., Jr., F. H. Barnwell & H. M. Kellogg, J. L., 1901, 1905 Webb, 1964 Richards, 0. W., 1935, 1946 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & F. H. Turner, H. J., Jr., 1950 Barnwell, 1964 distribution Galtsoff, P. S., 1929 Carpenter, H. F., 1889 Kepner, W. A., 1943 Connell, J. H., 1955 populational ecology embryology Ayers, J. C, 1956 Gray, G. M., 1941 predators of evolution Lavoie, M. & G. G. Holz, Jr., 1955 Drew, G. A., 1907a Turner, H. J., Jr., J. C. Ayers & C. L. fishery Wheeler, 1948 Galtsoff, P. S., H. p. Prytherch & H. C. raft culture McMillin, 1930 Shaw, W. N., 1962 Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 raft grown Posgay, J. A., 1950, 1953 Shaw, W. N., 1963 Turner, H. J., Jr., 1949a, 1949b respiration Wheeler, C. L., 1948 Van Dam, L., 1954 fossil reproduction Dall, W. H., 1894 Hanks, J. E., 1957 Lyell, C, 1844 seasonal distribution McAlester, A. L., I. G. Speden & M. A. Fish, C. J., 1925 Buzas, 1964 seasonal growth Merrill, F. J. H.. 1890 Pierce, M. E. & J. T. Conover, 1954 sediment reworking Rhoads, D. C, 1963 128 MoUusca ^^_^__^__ Mollusca Montagua sex changes breeding Coe, W. R., 1938 Thompson, M. T., 1899 sex inversions Moon shells (snails) Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936b see Lunatia, natica, neverita, polinices sexual cycle Morone americana Grave, B. H., 1942 host for Distomum areolatum shell inclusions Linton, E., 1901a Merrill, A. S., 1960 host for Distomum tenue tenuissime shells, movement Linton, E., 1898c Nagle, J. S., 1964a host for Onchocotyle mavori symbiosis Linton, E., 1942 Gray, G. M., 1933 parasites of Woods Hole checklist Linton, E., 1901a Slater, E. M., 1960 Morphology Monacanthus Aeverrilia setigera Verrill, A. E., 1897 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Monacanthus ciliatus Alcippe Firth, F. E., 1931 Genthe, K. W., 1905 Monocelis wilhelmi Ampelisca Graff, L. v., 1911 Mills, E. L., 1964a \1onoculodes edwardsi Arbacia punctulata Holmes, S. J., 1905 Tackson, R. T., 1927 Monomoy Asterias forbesi geology functional Mitchell, H., 1871 Budington, R. A., 1942 shoals Balanus Mitchell, H., 1886 Fales, D. E., 1928 shore line changes Barentsia laxa Mitchell, H., 1873 Rogick, M. D., 1945, 1949 submarine topography Cetacea U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey, 1885 Jackson, J. B. S., 1845 Monomoy Point Congericola pallida Chute, N. E., 1939 WiUey, C. H., 1958 Monoophorum triste contact organs of fish Graff, L. v., 1911 Newman, H. H., 1909 \lonops regalis Copepoda Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 Monopylephorus glaber Crassostrea, shell Moore. J. P., 1905b Galtsoff, P. S., 1954 Monopylephorus parvus Dinoflagellates, thecal Moore, J. P., 1905b Nie, D., 1947 Monorcagides cumingiae Endeis spinosus life cycle circulatory system of Martin, W. E., 1940 Cole, L. J., 1910 Monostroma fin-rays Collins, F. S., 1901 Bigelow, R. P., 1926 Monostroma crepidimum functional Farlow. W. G.. 1881a Spisula solidissima \1onostroma fuscum Hunter, W. R. & D. C. Grant, 1962 epiphytic on Rhodvmenia palmata Gadus morrhua Collins, F. S., 1914 nervous system Monostomum orbiculare Herrick, C. J. ,1,898 parasite of Lobotes sunnamensis Gonionemus, otocysts Linton, E., 1898c Thomas, L. J., 1921 Monostomum vinaledwardsii Hutchinsoniella parasite of Opsanus tau Hessler, R. R. & H. L. Sanders, 1964 Linton, E., 1901b Mactra solidissima Monstrosities Belding, D. L., 1910a in recently hatched lobsters Menidia Ryder, J. A., 1886b nervous system Montacuta percompressa Herrick, C. J., 1898 symbiont of Synapta inhaerens Gray, G. M., 1933 U9 Mya

Morphology Mud flats Molgula manhattensis physical factors & animal distribution Hunter, G. W., 1898, 1902 Allee, W. C, 1922c, 1923b Nemertinea Mud shrimp connective tissues see Callianassa, Upogebia Montgomery,!. H., Jr., 1897 Mud snails Nereis virens see Nassarius obsoletus sense organs Mugilidae Langdon, F. E., 1900 Smith, H. M., 1898a Osteichthyes Mullus auratus optic Smith, H. M., 1898a Parker, G. H., 1903 Muraena retifera Pandoridae Smith, H. ^., 1899a, 1901 Boss, K. J. & A. S. Merrill, 1965 Museum, George M. Gray Pecten irradians Carriker, M. R., 1964, 1965 Drew, G. A., 1907a Muskeget channel Pennaria tiarella currents Smallwood, M., 1899 Schott, C. A., 1854a planktonic diatoms Muskegat Island Guillard, R. R. L. & J. H. Ryther, 1962 flora & fauna PleuTonectes americanus Miller, G. S., 1897 Bumpus, H. C, 1898d Mussels Raja see Modiolus, Mytilus Gudger, E. W., 1933 Mustelus canis Spelotrema nicolli Atwood, N. E., 1866a Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 1940 behavior Squilla empusa Parker, G. H., 1911, 1915 Bigelow, R. P., 1941 Sheldon, R. E., 1909 Tunicata development Metcalf, M. M., 1895 larval Turbellaria Te Winkel, L. E., 1950 Curtis, W. C, 1908 functional morphology ilea color change Parker, G. H., 1911. 1914

Green, J. P., 1964 host for Calliobothrium eschrichtii variation Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1898b Gonionemus host for Calliobothrium verticillatum Hargitt, C. W., 1900b Linton, E., 1889-1891 Hydrozoa host for Rhynchobothrium bulbifer Hargitt, C. W., 1901 Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1898b Rhegmatodes tenuis host for Rhynchobothrium heterospine Hargitt, C. W., 1905b Linton, E., 1889-1891 Scyphozoa host for Rhynchobothrium lomentaceum

Hargitt, C. W. , 1905c Linton, E., 1889-1891 Morrhua americana host for Rhynchobothrium tenuicolle migrations and behavior Linton, E., 1889 Blake, J. H., 1871 host for Rhynchobothrium tumidulum Morrhua aeglefinus Linton, E., 1889-1891 migrations and behavior parasites of Blake, J. H., 1871 Linton, E., 1901a Mortality physiology, digestive tract AUee, W. C, 1919 Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Fraenkel, G., 1960 sense of smell

Mya arenana Parker, G. H. 8i. R. E. Sheldon, 1Q14 Ayers, J. C, 1956 spawning Moss animals Te Winkel, L. E., 1950 see Bryozoa (Entoprocta & Ectoprocta) tooth succession

Movement Ifft, J. D. & D. J. Zinn, 1948 Ensis directus Musculus discors Drew, G. A., 1907b nest building behavior Movement coordination Merrill, A. S. & R. D. Turner, 1963 Mnemiopsis leidyi Mustelus mustelus Coonfield, B. R., 1934 Fowler, H. W., 1917 Mucronella nitida Mya Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 fossil Mud crabs Lyell, C, 1844 see Xanthidae Mya arenaria 130

Mya arenaria Myrionema corunnae Belding, D. L., 1914, 1916, 1930 epiphytic on Laminaria Lyman, T., 1861 Collins, F. S., 1906 Winkley, H. W., 1907 Myrmeciplana elegans anatomy Graff, L. v.. 1911 Belding, D. L., 1930 Mysidacea behavior Wigley, R. L., 1963a feeding breeding Matthiessen, G. C, 1960 Mead, A. D., 1898 filter feeding Mysis Blake, J. W., 1961 breeding culture Mead, A. D., 1898 Belding, D. L., 1930 Mysis americana

development Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger,

Mattiiiesen, G. C. , 1960 1873 distribution, spatial Mysis stenolepis Connell, J. H., 1955 Verrill, E., S. A. 1. Smith &0. Harger , ' ecology 1873 Matthiessen, G. C, 1960b Mystacocarida enemies of new order Belding, D. L., 1930 Pennak, R. W. & D. J. Zinn, 1943 fishery Mytilidae Turner, H. J., Jr., 1949a fossil Wheeler, C. L., 1948 Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 growth Mytilus edulis Belding, D. L., 1914 anti-fouling Kellogg, J. I., 1905 Clarke, G. L., 1947 habitat biology

Belding, D. L., 1930 Field, I. A., 1922 hermaphroditism economic value

Grave. B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a Field, I. A., 1922 life history food for Asterias forbesi Belding, D. L., 1930 Lavoie, M. E., 1956 Kellogg, J. L., 1901, 1905 Lavoie, M. & G. G. Holz, Jr., 1955 morphology of byssus growth Ryder, J. A., 1889 Richards, 0. W., 1935, 1946 populational ecology hermaphroditism Ayers, J. C, 1956 Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a predators of host for trematode cysts Turner, H. J., Jr., et al, 1948 Linton, E., 1915c propogation intertidal freezing

Turner, H. J., Jr., 1949a Kanwisher, J. W., 1955 Mya truncata Mytilus exustus fossil Wilson, J. H., 1905 Verrill, A. E., 1878 Myxobolus lintoni Mycetozoa parasite of Cyprinodon variegatus parasitic Linton, E., 1901b Renn, C. E., 1935 Myxobolus musculi Mycteroperca bonaci parasite of Fundulus Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b Hahn, C. W., 1917a, 1917b Mycteroperca interstitialis Myxobolus pleuronectidae Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901 parasite of Pseudopleuronectes americanus Mycteroperca venenosa Hahn, C. W., 1917b Smith, H. M., 1902b Nassarius trivittatus Myliobatis bispinosos fossil Storer. D. H.. 1844a Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Myliobatis freminvillei Nannoenterum baculum Smith, H. M., 1898a Linton, E., 1934c host for Rhinebothrium longicoUe Nannoplankton Linton, E., 1889 - 1891 Yentsch, C. S. & J. H. Ryther, 1959 parasites of seasonal production Linton, E., 19nia Clarke, G. L. and D. J. Zinn, 1937 Myoxocephalus aeneus Nantucket exchange tidal currents by Gulliver, F. P., 1904 Williams, G. C, 1960 Macy, Z., 1810 parasites of Shaler,N. S., 1889a Linton, E., 1901a age Scudder, S. H., 1881 131 Nantucket Bay

Nantucket Nantucket Bay algae bottom topography Collins, F. S., 1888 Lidz, L., 1965 deposits currents Desor, E. & E. C. Cabot, 1849 Lidz, L., 1965 fisheries Foraminifera facies Edwards, V. N., 1873 Lidz, L., 1965 flora organic carbon Harshberger, J. W., 1914 Lidz, L., 1965 flora & fauna of Muskegat Island sediments Miller, G. S., 1897 Lidz, L., 1965 fossils Nantucket Shoals Desor, E. &E. C. Cabot, 1849 currents Wilson, J. H., 1905 Schott, C. A., 1854a geology invertebrate distribution Chamberlain, B. B., 1964 Desor, E., 1851a, 1851b Curtis, G. D. & J. B. Woodworth, 1899 palynology HoUick, C. A., 1896, 1896a Groot, C. R. & J. J. Groot, 1964 Shaler, N. S., 1889 Livingstone, D. A., 1964 Whiting, H. L. & H. Mitchell, 1869 sediments Woodworth, J. B. & E. Wigglesworth, 1934 quaternary geomorphology Groot, C. R. & J. J. Groot, 1964 Gulliver. F. P.. 1904 submarine Marindin, H. L., 1896, 1897 Livingston, D. A., 1964 glacial brick clays temperature of fishes Shaler, N. S., J. B. Woodworth * C. F. Edwards, R. L., R. Livingstone & P. E. Marbutt, 1896 Hamer, 1962 glacial history Nantucket Sound Wilson, J. H., 1906 currents glaciation Haight, F. J., 1938 Upham, W., 1899 Mitchell. H.. 1857 meteorology dredging effects on Mercenaria Weather Bureau, 1961 Turner, H. J., Jr., 1957 Pleistocene hydrography Desor, E., 1851c Thomas, Lt., C. M., 1938 formations interference tides Wilson, J. H., 1905 Mitchell, H., 1856 fossils Malacobdella grossa Cushman, J. A., 1904b, 1905, 1906c Ropes, J. W., 1963 Post Pleistocene deposits & fossils tides Merrill, R, 1896 Mitchell, H., 1854, 1855, 1857 Sankoty Head Redfield, A. C, 1953 fossils Venus mercenaria Verrill, A. E., 1875 distribution pleistocene Ropes, J. W. & C. E. Martin, 1960 Scudder, S. H., 1877 Narcacion nobiliar\a Pleistocene fauna Atwood, N. E., 1866-1868 Cushman, J. A., 1904b, 1905, 1906c Narcotization, marine organisms sediments Russell, H. D. & M. R. Carriker, 1963 Scudder, S. H., 1877 Nashawena Island shore erosion flora Gulliver, F. P., 1904 Fogg, J. M., Jr., 1930 shore line Nassa Mitchell, H., 1872 see Sassarius, llyanassa, Alectrion shore line changes Nassa obsoleta Gulliver, F. P., 1909 hermaphroditism Marindin, H. L., 1894a Grave, B. H. & J. Smith. 1936a shore line evolution host for larval trematodes Jones, W. & J. Lucke, 1951 Miller, H. M., Jr. & F. E. Northup. 1926 stratigraphy host for Stephanostomum tenue Scudder, S. H., 1877 Martin. W. E., 1939 vertical distribution temperature & humidity penis, resorption & restoration Emmons, G., 1947 Jenner. C. E. & N. A. Chamberlain. 1955 Nassarius Jenner. C. E.. 1956c Nassarius obsoletus 132

Nassarius obsoletus Natural history behavior Agassiz, L., 1860-1862 schooling & aggregation Galtsoff, P. S., 1962 Jenner, C. E., 1956b, 1957, 1958, 1959 Hinckley, I., 1882 compass direction & magnetism Hitchcock, E., 1833 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & F. H. Linton, E., 1915a, 1915b Natural history Barnwell, 1964 longiniana development Amphithoe Holmes, S. J., loni larval Asteroidea Scheltema, R. S., 1965 Mead, A. D., 1901 growth estimates Bugula Sutcliffe, W. H., Jr., 1965 Grave, B. H., 1930 larvae Cnidaria Scheltema, R. S., 1956, 1961, 1962 Agassiz, E. C. A. Agassiz, 1865 magnetoreceptive mechanism & Cumingia tellinoides Brown, F. A., Jr., F. H. Barnwell & H. M. Grave, B. H., 1927b Webb, 1964 Haminea solitaria Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & H. M. Smallwood, W. M., 1904 Webb, 1960 Homarus Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. F. J. T. & G. C. Matthiessen, 1962 Bennett &F. H. Barnwell, I960 Hughes, Homarus americanus Brown, F. A., Jr. & H. M.Webb, 1960 Herrick, F. H., 1911 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb * W. J. Limulus polyphemus Brett, 1960 Shuster, C. N., 1950 magnetic fields Mya arenaria Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & Kellogg, J. L., 1901 W. J. Brett, 1959 Pennaria orientation Hargitt, C. W., 1900a Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett &W. J. Pomatomus saltatrix Brett, 1959 Baird, S. F., 1873b Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett &H. M. Stenotomus argyprops Webb, 1960 Baird, S. F., lS73b Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. F. Teredo Bennett & F. H. Barnwell, 1960 Grave, B. H., 1928a Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1960 Woods Hole Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. notes on Brett, 1960 Gray, M., 1932-1945 periodicity G. Naucrates ductor Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & parasites of W. J. Brett, 1959 Linton, E., 1901a Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & Nauset H. M. Webb, 1960 algae, drifting Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. R. Collins ,F. S., 1914 Bennett & F. H. Barnwell, 1960 beach studies Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1960 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Brown, F. A. ,Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. 1954a, 1954b Brett, 1960 Zeigler, J. M., 1960 physiology Zeigler, J. M., et al, 1961 Brown, F. A., Jr., F H. Barnwell & geology H. M. Webb, 1964 Mitchell, H., 1871 Nassarius trivittata, shell Naushon Island host for Podocoryne carnea Acalephan fauna Crowell, S., 1945 Agassiz, A., 1862 Nassarius trivittatus flora larvae Fogg, J. M., Jr., 1930 Sheltema, R. S. & A. H. Scheltema, 1965 history penis resorption Emerson, A. F., 1935 Jenner, C. W., 1956a holes Nassarius vibex kettle Koons, B. F., 1884, 1885 larvae Naushonia crangonoides Scheltema, R. S., 1962 KinRsley. J. S., 1895 Natica U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 fossil larvae Verrill, A. E., 1878 Thompson, M. T., 1904b Natica heros morphology Lyman, T., 1861 Thompson, M. T., 1004b 133 Nereis tenuis

Navicula Nemesis pallida

Ryder, J. A., 1885 on Vulpecula marina distribution Wilson, C. B.. 1932 Peck, J. I., 1896 Nemopsis Near shore processes morphological variation Davis, W. M., 1896 Hargitt, C. W., 1901 Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1958, 1964 Nemopsis bachei Mitchell, H., 1871, 1873, 1887 Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Upham, W., 1879 Neohaustorius biarticulatus U. S. Beach Erosion Board, 1957 Bousfield, E. L.. 1965 Whiting, H. L., 1872, 1886 Neohaustorius schmitzi

Zeigler, J. M., C. R. Hayes & S. D. Tuttle, 19f Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Zeigler, J. M. & S. D. Tuttle, 1961 Neoliparis atlanticus coastal morphology Gray, G. M., 1939a Mitchell, H., 1886 Neoliparis montagui Nectonema agilis Smith, H.M., 1898a Verrill, A. E.. 1880-1885 Neomaenis analis Nectonemertes Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b, 1902a morphology Neomaenis apodus Coe, W. R. & S. C. Ball, 1920 Smith, H.M., 1898a, 1898b, 1902b Nectonereis megalops Neomaenis ay a Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith &0. Harger, Smith, H. M., 1898a f873 Neomaenis blackfordi Nemalion multifidum Smith, H. M., 1902b development Neomaenis griseus Chester, G. D., 1896 Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b, 1902b Nematocysts Neomaenis jocu manipulation Smith, H. M., 1898b Pennaria tiarella Neomysis americana Kepner, W. A., 1943 physiology

Nematoda Raymont, J. E.G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Cobb, N. A., 1932 Neopanope texana sayi Linton, E., 1901b Wilson, J. H., 1905 Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 development larval anaerobiosis Chamberlain, N. A., 1957 Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 Neosperwysis deichmanni ecology de Laubenvels. M. W.. 1949 Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1961 Nephrochloris saliva intertidal distribution Hulburt, E. M., 1963 Cobb, N. A., 1929 seasonal distribution new species Hulburt. E. M., 1956b Cobb, N. A., 1920 Nephlhys bucera parasites of Copepoda tolerance to low salinity Cobb, N. A., 1928 Pearse, A. S., 1928 Nematodinium armatum Neptunis sayi Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Smith, S. L, 1877-1882b N ematonurus goodei Nereidae host for Ascans linstowi new species Linton, E., 1901b Pettibone, M. H., 1956 Nematoscelis atlantica Nereis Hansen, H. J., 1915 cell lineage Nematoscelis megalops Wilson, E. B., 1892 Hansen, H. J., 1915 Nereis alacris physiology Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Raymont, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Nereis grayi Nematoscelis microps Pettibone, M. H., 1956 Hansen, H. J., 1915 Nereis limbata Nematostella pellucida U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Crowell. S.. 1946 breeding Nemertinea Lillie, F. R. & E. E. Just, 1913 Thompson, C. B., 1900a, 1900b Mead, A. D., 1898 Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886, 1888-1892b Thompson, M. T., 1899 breeding Nereis megalops Coe, W. R., 1899 Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 classification Nereis tenuis Montgomery, T. H., 1897 Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Thompson, C. B., 1900a, 1900b connective tissues & body cavities Montgomery, T. H., 1897 Nereis virens 134

Nereis virens Nitrite in sea water behavior Rakestraw, N. W., 1936 Copeland, M., 1930 Nitrogen cycle & bacteria Miner, R. W., 1912 Waksman, S. A., M. Hotchkiss & C. L. feeding Carey, 1933 Copeland, M. & H. L. Wieman, 1924 of sea water Gross, A. C, 1921 von Brand, T. & N. W. Rakestraw, 1940, breeding 1941 Mead, A. D., 1898 von Brand, T. & N. W. Rakestraw & care & maintenance of C. E. Renn, 1937, 1939 Copeland, M., 1935 von Brand, T., N. W. Rakestraw & food of Nyaticorax nycticorax naevius J. W. Zabor, 1942 Gross, A. 0., 1923 regeneration salinity influences von Brand, T. & N. W. Rakestraw, 1940, Sayles, L. P., 1935 1941 sense organs von Brand, T., N. W. Rakestraw & Langdon, F. E., 1900 C. E. Renn, 1937, 1939 tolerance to low salinity von Brand, T., N. W. Rakestraw fk Pearse, A. S., 1928 J. W. Zabor, 1942 Nerilla antennata Nitzschia ovalis Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 polysaccharides of Neris arenaceodentata Lewin, R. A., 1955 Moore, J. P., 1903a Nitzschia delicatissima Nerocila munda seasonal distribution on Monacanthus Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Cushman, J. A., 1906a Nitzschia elegans parasite of Ceratacanthus aurantiacus parasite of Acipenser sturio Harger, O., 1880a Linton, E., 1898c Nesippus alatus Nitzschia papillosa Wilson, C. B., 1906 parasite of Gadus callarias Nest building behavior Linton, E., 1898c Musculus discors Nobska fog Merrill, A. S. & R. D. Turner, 1963 DuBois, E., 1935 Neverita duplicata Nogagus curticaudis Winkley, H. W., 1907 parasite of Carcharinus obscurus New Bedford Rathbun, R., 1885 MoUusca, distribution Nogagus latreillii Greene, T. A., 1833 parasite of Carcharinus obscurus New England Rathbun, R., 1885 storms Nolella blakei Perley, S., 1891 on Perophora viridis Nicolea simplex Rogick, M. P., 1945-1949

Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger , Nomenclature, Copepoda 1873 Wilson, C. B., 1925 Nicolea viridis No Mans Land Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 geology Nicolea zostericola Woodworth, J. B. & E. Wigglesworth, 1934 Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944 Nomeus gronovii Ninoe nigripes Smith, H. M., 1898a Hartman, 0., 1942a Nonamesset

Verrill, A. E.. S. I. Smith &0. Harger , kettle holes 1873 Koons, B. F., 1884 Nitella flexilis Nonion pauciloculum Wood, R. D., 1949 Cushman. J. A., 1944 Nitella megacarpa Nonion tisburyensis Wood, R. D., 1949 brackish water Nitella morongii Butcher. W. S.. 1948 Wood, R. D., 1949 Parker, F. L., 1952 Nitella transilis Northern corals Wood, R. D., 1949 see Astrangia danae Nitocra chelifer Northern squid Wilson, C. B., 1932 see Ilex illacebrosus Nitrate North Falmouth seasonal cycle fauna, eel grass flats Lillick, L. C, 1937 Allee, W. C, 1922b 135 Oligochaeta

North Falmouth Octobothrium crenacolle invertebrate collections parasite of Sphyma zygaena Dawson, J. A., 1931 Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Notomastus filiformis parasite of Poronotus triacanthus

Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, Linton, E., 1907a 1873 seasonal distribution Notoplana atomata Linton, E., 1914

Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker J 1939 Octobothrium denticulatum Notropis rubrifrons parasite of Pollachius virens host for Caryophyllaeus terebrans Linton, E., 1901a Linton, E., 1941 Octobothrium dipsacum Nucula delphinodonta parasite of Pomatomus saltatrix Stimpson, W., 1854a Linton, E., 1897 Nucula navicularis Octoplectanum affine Couthouy, J. P., 1839 parasite of Paralichthys dentatus Nucula proximo Linton, E., 1898c fossil Ocypode quadrata Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Smith, S. 1., 1877-1882b Nucula shaleri Ocyurus chrysurus Miocene Smith, H. M., 1902a Pall, W. H., 1894 Odontaspis littoralis Nucula thraciaeformis parasite of Crossobothrium laciniatum in Pleuronectes dentata Linton, E., 1889-1891 Gould, A. A., 1841 parasite of Pandarus smithii Nudibranchiata Rathbun, R., 1887a Moore, G. M., 1950 parasite of Rhynchobothrium longicorne Russell, H. D., 1964 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Verrill, A. E., 1872 Odostomia salt marsh, Pasque Island Bartsch, P., 1907-1912 Russell, H. D., 1946 Odostomia (Evalea) bartschi Nutrients classification Hulburt, E. M., 1956a Winkley, H. W., 1912 Rakestraw, N. W., 1936 Odostomia bisuturalis Nutrition & callus color, Polinces duplicatus Winkley, H. W., 1907, 1909

Turner, H. J., Jr., 1958 Odostomia ( Chrysallida ) bushiana Nycticorax nycticorax naevius Bartsch, P., 1907-1912 Gross, A. 0., 1923 Odostomia crenulata Obelia Miocene breeding Brown. T. C. 1905 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Odostomia fusca Obelia commissuralis Winkley, H. W., 1907 development Odostomia (lolaea) hendersoni Grave, B. H., 1933 Bartsch. P.. 1907-1912

Obelia congdoni Odostomia ( Odostomia) modesta Hargitt, C. W., 1909b Winkley, H. W., 1909 Obelia dichotoma Odostomia semicostgta symbiosis with Endeis spinosus Miocene Cole, L. J., 1910 Brown, T. C, 1905 Obelia flabellata Odostomia seminuda Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Winkley, H. W., 1907 synonomy Odostomia trifada Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Winkley, H. W., 1907 Obelia geniculata host for cerceria of Lecithaster confusus Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1943a Oceania languida Oithona brevicomis Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Deevey, G. B., 1948 Oceanography Oithona plumifera chemical Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Walsh, G. E., 1965a, 1965b Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Ochlochaete lentiformis Oithona similis Thivy, P., 1943 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Ochromonas marina Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Lackey, J. B., 1940 Oligochaeta

Octobothrium crenacolle Moore, J. P., 1905b Linton, E., 1934c Welch, P. S., 19l7 Oligochaeta 136

Oligochaeta Opisthonema oglinum tolerance to low salinity MacCoy, C. V., 1931 Pearse, A. S. 1928 Smith, H. M., 1898a Oligoplites saurus Opossum shrimp Gray, G. VI., 1939c see Mysidacea Smith, H. M., 1898a Opsanus tau Olpidium sphacellamm Smith, H. M., 1898a Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 embryos Omalostomum schultzei Armstrong, P. B., 1957 Jones, E. R., 1938 exchange by tidal currents Ommastrephes illecebwsa Williams, G. C, 1960 Verrill, A. E., 1874, 1880 feeding host for Phyllobothrium loliginis Herrick, C. J., 1903 Linton, E., 1897 host for Ascaris habena host for Thysanocephalum Linton, E., 1901a Linton, E., 1897 host for Contracaecum habena Oncaea venusta Linton, E., 1934c Sharpe, R. W., 1911 host for Monostomum vinal-edwardsii Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Linton, E., 1901b Onchidoris aspera host for Siphodera vinal-edwardsii Russell, H. D., 1964 Manter, H. W., 1926 Onchidoris fusca parasites of Russell, H. D., 1964 Linton, E., 1901a Onchium ocellatum parasites of Cobb, N. A., 1920 cestodes Onchocotyle mavon Linton, E., 1910a parasite of Morone americana Orbicella acropora Linton, E., 1942 Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Onset Bay Orbinia omata oyster fishery Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944 Galtsoff, P. S., H. P. Prytherch & Orchestia agilis H. C. McMillin, 1930 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger , salinity 1873 Galtsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch & behavior H. C. McMillin, 1930 Holmes, S. J., 1903a temperature, water commensal host for Allosphaerium Galtsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch & Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 H. C. McMillin, 1930 commensal host for Chilodonella Ontogeny Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Hydrozoa Orchestia heigalis Hargitt, C. W., 1911 ecology tidal marsh Platzman, S. J., 1960 Redfield, A. C, 1965a Orchestia palustris

Ophichthus gomesi Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, Backus, R. H., 1957 1873 Ophiocoma aculeata behavior Desor, E., 1851a Holmes, S. J., 1903a Ophioderma commensal host for Allosphaerium autotomy Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Allee, W. C. & J. R. Fowler, 1932 commensal host for Chilodonella longipharynx Ophioderma brevispina Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 physiology Orchestia platensis Allee, W. C, 1927 growth estimates Ophiolepis robusta Sutcliffe, W. H., Jr., 1965 Ayers, W. 0., 1854"" Orchestiidae Oph i uro idea parasites of Allee, W. C. & J. R. Fowler, 1932 Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 Ayers, W. O., 1854 Orcynus pelamys Clarke, H. L., 1908 Edwards, V. N., 1878 Desor, E., 1851a Organic carbon physiology Lidz, L., 1965 Allee, W. C, 1927 Organic content of sediments rare Wigley, R. L., 1961a Gray, G. M., 1940a Organic matter Opisthonema oglinum decomposition by bacteria Gray, G. M., 1939c Waksman, S. A., C. L. Carey & H. W. Reuszer, 1933 137 Osteichthyes

Organic matter Osteichthyes in marine mud Baird, S. F., 1873b Waksman, S. A., 1933 Bean, B. A., 1898 in sediments Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1940

Ryder, J. A., 1885 Brown, G. G., 1879 rate of decomposition by bacteria Bumpus, H. C, 1899 Waksman, S. A. & C. E. Renn, 1936 Edwards, V. N., 1878 Organs, olfactory Eigenmann, C. H., 1902b Busycon Goode, G. B., 1879 Copeland, M., 1918 Gudger, E. W., 1930 Nassarius Harper, F., 1928 Copeland, M., 1918 Kendall, W. C. & H. M. Smith, 1895 Orientation Lyman, T., 1861 Ilyanassa obsoleta MacCoy, C. V., 1931, 1934 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & Mather, F. J., IH, 1952 W. J. Brett, 1959 Mathew, S. A., 1938 Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1960 Meek, S. E., 1883 Nassarius obsoletus Putnam, F. W., 1871 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & Radcliffe, L., 1916 W. J. Brett, 1959 Richards, S. A., A. Perlmutter &D. C. Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & McAneny, 1963 H. M. Webb, 1960 Rogers, C. H., 1938 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. F. Schroeder, W. C, 1937 Bennett &F. H. Barnwell, 1960 Schuck, H. A., 1951b Brown, F. A., Jr. &H.M. Webb, 1960 Sherwood, S. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b, 1899a, 1899b, Brett, 1960 1901, 1902a, 1902b, 1902c, 1921, 1938 Orleans Spaeth, R. A., 1921 Stunkard, H. W., 1953 Storer, D. H., 1843b, 1848b, 1856, 1859 sediments Thompson, J. H., 1881 Schlee, J., E. Uchupi & J. V. A. U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Trumbull, 1964 albinism Orthaguriscus mola Lux, F. E.,1959 young anatomy Putnam, F. W., 1871 Silvester, C. F., 1905 Orthonectida behavior Meinkoth, M. A., 1956 Atwood, N. E., 1861 Orygmatobothrium ansustum Blake, J. H., 1871 parasite of Carcharias obscurus Breder, C. M., Jr., 1922a Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Lyon, E. P., 1905 parasite of Prionace glauca Newman, H. H., 1907 Linton, E., 1898b Nye, W., Jr., 1883, 1887a Orygmatobothrium crenulatum Parker, G. H., 1912 parasite of Dasyatis centrura Rathbun, R., 1894 Linton, E., 1898b Verrill, A. E., 1897 Orygmatobothrium forte feeding parasite of Cestracion zygaena Linton, E., 1922b Linton, E.. 1925 Peck, J. I., 1896 Orygmatobothrium paulum bio-acoustics parasite of Galeocerdo tigrinus Moulton, J. M., 1956 Linton, E., 1898b copepod parasites of Osmerus_ moradax Rathbun, R., 1885, 1888 Fowler, H. W., 1917 deformaties Smith, H. M., 1898a Chidester, F. E., 1914 Osmosis, fish development Sumner, P. B., 1906a Breder, C. M., Jr., 1922b Osmotic regulation Clapp, C. M., 1891 gammarids Draper, J. W. & D. J. Edwards, 1932 Werntz, H. O., 1963 Eigenmann, C. H., 1902a Osteichthyes Miller, D. & R. R. Marak, 1959 Armstrong, P. B., 1957 Newman, H. H., 1908 Armstrong, P. B. & J. S. Child, 1965 Sullivan, W. E., 1915 Arnold, E. L., Jr. ,1949, 1951 larvae Atwood, N. E., 1865, 1866b, 1866-1868, Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 1868 diet Backus, R. H., 1962 Schroeder, W. C, 1947 Osteichthyes 138

Osteichthyes Osteichthyes distribution sense of smell Backus, R. H., 1957 Parker, G. H. & R. E. Sheldon, 1914 Cushman, J. A., 1906b sunfish Firth, F. E., 1931 Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 Fowler, H. W., 1917 temperatures Gill, T., 1863 Kidder, J. H., 1880 Gray, G. M., 1939a, 1940b Ostracoda egg Cushman, J. A., 1906b Fish, C, 1928 Ostrea gigas embryology growth

Ryder, J. A., 1884a Turner, H. J., Jr., 1950 Wilson, H. v., 1891a Ostrea virginica fishery development Jackson, R. T., 1888a, 1888b Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 MuUan, J. W., 1958 feeding Perlmutter, A., 1947 JjlJrgensen, C. B., 1952 food of seals physiology of Griffin, D. R., 1936 Galtsoff, P. S., 1929 growth reproduction Mather, E J., Ill & H. A. Schuck, 1960 Galtsoff, P. S., 1929 hermaphroditism Otodistomum cestoides Chidester, F. E., 1917 development larvae Manter, H. W., 1926 Costello, D. P., 1946a morphology life history Manter, H.W., 1926 Schroeder, W. C, 1928 parasite of Raja laevis melanosis Linton, E., 1934c Hsiao, S. C, 1941 Outer Cape Cod migrations beach changes Blake, J. H., 1871 Zeigler, J. M. & S. D. Tuttle, 1961 Collins, G. B., 1952 age & development morphology Zeigler, J. M., S. D. Tuttle, H. J. Bigelow, R. P., 1926 Tasha & G. S. Giese, 1965 Bumpus, H. C, 1898d Oxygen Gabriel, M. L., 1942 Allee, W. C, 1922c, 1923b Herrick, C. J., 1898, 1900, 1903 consumption Newman, H. H., 1909 Allee, W. C. & J. R. Fowler, 1932 Parker, G. H., 1903, 1910 Fucus Williams, S. R., 1902 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & new species H. M. Webb, 1954 Bean, T. H., 1885 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & parasites of C. L. Ralph, 1954

Brown, A., Jr., I. Sandeen Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1941, F. M. & 1942 H. M. Webb, 1954 Hahn, C. W., 1915, 1917, 1918 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 Brett, 1958 Linton, E.,1891, 1897, 1898c, 1907b, Uca 1915e, 1922c, 1923, 1928, 1934b, 1936, Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & 1941 H. M. Webb, 1954 Manter, H. W., 1926 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & Martin, W. E., 1939 C. L. Ralph, 1954

Ryder, J. A., 1884b Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & WiUey, C. H., 1958 H. M. Webb, 1954 cope pod Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. Rathbun, R., 1887a Brett, 1958 physiology Uca pugnax Irving, L., 1942 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & predators of H. M. Webb, 1954 Gudger, E. W., 1934 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & rare C. L. Ralph, 1954 Gray, G. M., 1934 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & reproduction H. M. Webb, 1954 Lee, R. E., 1942 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & schooling W. J. Brett, 1958 Shaw, E., 1957, 1958a, 1958b, 1958c, 1960-1961, 1961 139 Palinurichthys perciformis

Oxygen Pagurus acadianus production Benedict, J. E., 1901 Quahog Pond, West Falmouth Pagurus longicarpus Whiteley, G. C, Jr., 1960 host for Gymnodinioides inkystans Oxythina Trager, W., 1957 fossil teeth host for Paguritherium alatum Merrill, F. J. H., 1890 Reinhard, E. G., 1945 Oyster host for Stegophryxus hyptius Crassostrea Thompson, M. T., 1902 lethal temperatures Brown, F. A., Jr., VI. F. Bennett, H. M. Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Fraenkel, G., 1960 Palaemon vulgaris Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & M. F. Bennett, 1955b Lyman, T., 1861 growth Palaemonetes larvae Pierce, M. E. & J. E. Currier, 1951, 1952 seasonal growth heliotropism E. Pierce, M. E. & J. T. Conover, 1954 Lyon, P., 1906b Oyster crabs Palaemonetes vulgaris see Pinnotheres behavior, larval White, G. M., Oyster drills 1924 breeding see Urosalpinx Thompson, M. T., 1899 Oyster Pond chromatophores, light & temperature Falmouth Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown, Jr. & algae R. C. Graves, 1952 Lewis, I. W. Taylor, 1928 F. & R. development carbohydrates, dissolved Faxon, W., 1879a Walsh, G. E., 1964, 1965b larval pn Smith, S. I., 1873 Walsh, G. E., 1965b morphology productivity Jenner, C. E., 1955 Walsh, G. E., 1965b Palaemonetes pugio sea level morphology Deevey, E. S., Jr., 1948 Jenner, C. E., 1955 Martha's Vineyard Palaeonemertea depth new species Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 Coe, W. R., 1895 geology Paleobotany Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 Berry, E. W., 1915 plankton populations Hollick, A., 1896b Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 Jeffrey, E. C, 1910 salinity Sayles, R. W., 1939 Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 White, D., 1890 temperature, water Paleoecology Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 Pleistocene mollusks water density McAlester, A. L., I. G. Speden & Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 M. A. Buzas, 1964 spat Stylochus Oyster & Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963, Provenzano, A. J., Jr., 1961 1964 Pachycyclops signatus Paleontology host for Cyclopsinema mordens Kaye, C. A., 1963 Cobb, A., 1928 (1927) N. Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1963 Pachygrapsus transversus Verrill, A. E., 1878 Smith, S. I., 1877-1882b Woodworth, J. B., 1900 Pachystomos clisthus Eocene fauna, Nantucket Rudzinska, M. A., 1952 Brown, T. C, 1905 Pachystomos olisthus fossiliferous boulders, Truro Rudzinska, M. A., 1952 Crosby, W. 0., 1881 Paedophylax hebes Miocene fauna. Gay Head Webster. E. J. E. Benedict. 1884 H. & Cushman, J. A., 1904a, 1905b Paguritherium alatum Palinurichthys perciformis parasite longicarpus of Pagurus Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1921 Reinhard, E. G., 1945 host for Distomum pyriforme Pagurus Linton, E. , 1901a with Hydractinia Bunting, M., 1894 PalinuTichthys perciformis 140

Palinurtchthys perciformis Paraletpastacus katamensis host for Ligula Wilson, C. B.. 1932 Linton, E., 1941 Paralichthys dentatus parasites host for Anisoporus manteri Linton, E., 1901a Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1940, Pallene brevirostris 1941 behavior host for Chondracanthus galeritus Cole, L. J., 1901 Rathbun, R., 1887a Pallene empusa host for Distomum Wilson, E. B., 1880 Linton, E., 1901a Palynology host for Distomum appendiculatum Deevey, E. S., Jr., 1948 Linton, E., 1901a Livingston, D. A., 1964 host for Distomum dentatum Barnstable Marsh Linton, E., 1901a Butler, P., 1959 host for Distomum pundens Pleistocene Linton, E., 1901a Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1959 host for Echinorhynchus sagittifer pollen stratigraphy Linton, E., 1889 Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1963 host for Ichtheonema sanguineum Quaternary sediments Linton, E., 1901a Groot, C. R. & J. J. Groot, 1964 host for Octoplectanum affine Pandarus c ranch ii Linton, E., 1898c parasite of Carcharinus obscurus host for Pontobdella rapax Rathbun, R., 1885 Linton, E., 1901b Pandarus sinuatus parasites of Rathbun, R., 1887a Linton, E., 1901a development Paralichthys dentatus McClendon, J. F., 1906-1907 morphology, optic Pandarus smithii Parker, G. H., 1903 parasite of Odontaspis littoralis Paralichthys oblongus Rathbun, R., 1887a U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Pandocia Paramecium Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b geotropism Pandora crassidens Kanda, S., 1914 Wilson, J. H., 1905 Paramecium woodruffi Pandora ( Clidiophora) gouldiana Wenrich. P. H.. 1928 Boss, K. J. & A. S. Merrill, 1965 Paranais littoralis

Pandora ( Clidiophora) inomata Moore, J. P., 1905b Boss, K. J. & A. S. Merrill, 1965 Paranthura brachiata Pandora {Clidiophora) trilineata Harger, 0., 1880a Boss, K. J. & A. S. Merrill, 1965 Parapagurus pilosimanus

Pandoridae Smith, S. 1., 1878-1882 Boss, K. J. & A. S. Merrill, 1965 Parapandarus nodosus Panopea reflexa Wilson, C. B., 1925 fossil Parapolia aurantiaca Sanford, S. N. F., 1934 Coe. W. R., 1895 Paracalanus parvus Pararchinotodelphys gurneyi Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Illg, P. L., 1955 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Parasira catenulata Paractis rapiformis Vernll, A. E., 1880 Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Parasites Paraeuchaeta norvegica Groto, S., 1899 physiology Linton, E., 1907a, 1907b, 1907c, 1910b, Raymont, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 1915d, 1915e, 1921, 1922a, 1922b, 1922c, Parafolliculina violacea 1922d, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, Andrews, E. A., 1942 1932, 1933, 1934a, 1934b, 1942 Parahaustorius attenuatus Provenzano, A. J., Jr., 1961 Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Reinhard, E. G., 1945 Parahaustorius holmesi Acanthocephla Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Linton, E., 1889, 1892a Parahaustorius longimerus Arabella on Dtopatra cuprea Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Allen, M. J., 1952 Parahesione luteola cercariae Pettibone, M. H., 1956 Linton, E., 1915b, 1915c Paraleptastacus brevicaudatus cestode Pennak, R. W., 1942a Linton, E., 1889, 1889-1891, 1897, Wilson. C. B.. 1932 1898b, 1898 (1897) 1905, 1907a 141 Pecten grandis

Parasites Parasites Chloromyxum clupeidae Trematode A. V. R. VI. Cable, 1940, 1941, Hahn, C. W., 1918 Hunninen, & Chomosphaera cancrorum 1943b Linton, E., 1898 Connolly, C. J., 1929 Vlanter, H. W., 1926 ciliates, coelozoic astomatous Martin, W. E., 1938, 1939, 1940, 1944 Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 copepod Miller, H. M., Jr. & F. E. Northup, 1926 W., 1938, 1943, 1950a, Linton, E., 1901a Stunkard, H. 1936, 1951, 1953, 1957, I960, 1961, 1962a, McClendon, J. F., 1906-1907 Rathbun, R., 1885, 1887a, 1888 1962b, 1964 H. W. R. M. Cable, 1932 Willey, C. H., 1958 Stunkard, & Stunkard, H. W. R. F. Nigrelli, 1930 Wilson, C. B., 1903b 1905b, 1906, 1921, & W. Shaw, 1931 1925, 1932 Stunkard, H. & C. R. Crossobothrium lanciniatum Tubularia parasitica W., 1902a Curtis, W. C, 1903 Hargitt, C. Cyclopsinema mordens Parasitism, Hyper ia, parasite oi Deropristis inflata Cobb, N. A., 1928 (1927) Hexamat entozoan Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 Parataenia medusia Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1910a parasite of Dasyatis centrura fish Linton, E., 1889, 1898b Linton, E., 1894, 1898a, 1898c, 1901a parasite of Trygon centrura 1901b, 1914, 1941 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Wilson, C. B., 1905a helminth Paratanais algicola 0., 1878 Linton, E., 1934c Harger, ithysanocephalum crispum Parorchis avitus history Linton, E., 1892b life Cable, 1931, 1932 isopod Stunkard, M. W. & R. M. Parthenogenesis Reinhard, E. G., 1949 Thompson, M. T., 1902 in Asteroidea Lecithaster confusus Greeley, A. W., 1902 Parvatrema borealis Hunninen, A. & R. VI. Cable, 1943a Loxosoma minuta host, intermediate W., 1962a Osburn, R. C, 1912 Stunkard, H. metacercariae, microphallid Parypha crocea Stunkard, H. W., 1950b development Microtaeniella clymenellae Allen, C. M., 1900 Calkins, G. N., 1915 Pasque Island Myxobolus musculi flora 1930 Hahn, C. W., 1917a, 1917b Fogg, J. M., Jr., salt marsh Myxobolus pleuronectidae nudibranch fauna of Russell, H. D., 1946 Hahn, C. W., 1917b nematoda Pasythea nodosa on Sargassum Cobb, N. A., 1902b, 1920 W., 1908 Nolella blakei Hargi-tt, C. Rogick, M. D., 1945-1949 Pea crabs Planocera inquilina see Pinnotheres Wheeler, W. M., 1894a Peat Podocotyle atomos Barnstable Marsh Redfield, A. 1965b, 1965c Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1943b C, 1962a, 1962b Protozoa Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, Kudo, R., 1923 sedimentology A. 1965a Renn, C. E., 1935 Redfield, C, Rhizocephala Pebbles Reinhard, E. G., 1946 fossiliferous Rhopalarua Woodworth, J. B., 1892 Vleinkoth, M. A., 1956 Harwich A. P., 1907 skin parasite of Ctenolabrus adspersus Julien, Pecten Ryder, J. A., 1884b sporocysts autecology Belding, D. L., 1910b Linton, E., 1915c sporozoan fishery D. L., 1910b Linton, E., 1915c Belding, Trematode Pecten concentricus 1861 Cable, R. M., 1954 Lyman, T., grandis Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, Pecten natural history 194^1, 1941, 1942 Posgay, J. A., 1950, 1953 Cable, R. Vi. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 respiration Hsiao, S. C, 1941 Var, nam I 19S4 Pecten irradians 142

Pecten irradians Pelecypoda Plaine, H. L., 1952 behavior Turner, H.J. & J. E. Hanks, 1960 Grave, B. H., 1927a, 1927b, 1928b hermaphroditism Merrill, A. S. & R. D. Turner, 1963 Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a Turner, H. J., Jr. & C. J. George, 1955 host for Trematode sporocysts & cercariae feeding Linton, E., 1915c Blake, J. W., 1961 infested by Polydora ciliata J^rgensen, C. B., 1952 Plaine, H. L., 1952 sexual Turner, H. J., Jr. & J. E. Hanks, 1959 Coe, W. R., 1934, 1936a respiration breeding Van Dam, L., 1954 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Pecten magellanicus commensalism Wilson, J. H., 1905 Linton, E., 1910c Pecten tenuicostatus Patterson, J. T., 1912 evolution development Drew, G. A., 1907a Galtsoff, P. S., 1954 morphology Grave, B. H., 1926 Drew, G. A., 1907a Jackson, R. T., 1888b Pectinaria belgica Kellogg, J. L., 1905 behavior Richards, 0. W., 1935, 1946 Miner, R. W., 1912 Turner, H. J., Jr., 1950 Pectinidae distribution fossil Carpenter, H. F., 1889 Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Connell, J. H., 1955 Pedicellina cernua evolution Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Drew, G. A., 1907a Pelagia cyanella fishery Hargitt, C.W., 1902b Galtsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch & Pelagia quinquercirrha H. C. McMillin, 1930 Desor, E., 1851d Posgay, J. A., 1950, 1953 Pelecypoda Turner, H.J., Jr., 1949b Adams, C. B., 1839a, 1941b Wheeler, C. L., 1948 Belding, D. L., 1910a, 1910b, 1914, fossil 1916, 1930 Lyell, C, 1844 Clench, W. J. & C. G. Aquayo, 1931 Merrill, E J. H., 1890 Drew, tJ. A., 1899 Sanford, S. N. F., 1934

Field, I. A., 1922 Scudder, S. H., 1877 Grave, B.H., 1928a gametogenesis Jackson, R. T., 1888a Turner, H..J. & J. E. Hanks, 1960 Johnson, C. W., 1932 growth Lyman, T., 1861 Pierce, M. E. & J. E. Currier, 1951, 1952 Matthiessen, G. C, I960 hermaphroditism Orr, P R., 1946 Grave, B.H. & J. Smith, 1936a Plaine, H. L., 1952 intertidal freezing Ropes, J. W., 1963 Kanwisher, J. W., 1955 Ropes, J. W. & C. E. Martin, 1960 life history Stimpson, W., 1854a, 1854b Kellogg, J. L., 1901 Storer, D. H., 1839 Miocene, Gay Head Turner, H. J., Jr., 1951. 1957 Dall, W. H., 1894 Turner, H. J., Jr. & J. E. Hanks, 1959 morphology U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Ryder, J. A., 1889 Verrill, A.E., 1872, 1873 functional Winkley, H. W., 1907 Hunter, W. R. & D. C. Grant, 1962 amino acid uptake mortality Stephens, G. C. & R. A. Schinske, 1958 Burnett, A. L., 1955, 1960 anti-fouling Pandoridae Clarke, G. L., 1947 Boss, K. J. & A. S. Merrill, 1965 behavior parasites of Bennett, M. F., 1954 Cable, R. M., 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Linton, E., 1915c Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Martin, W. E., 1940 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & M. F. periodicity Bennett, 1955b Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Drew, G. A., 1907b Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & M. F. Bennett, 1955b 143 Periodicity Pelecypoda Pennatula aculeata physiology Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Galtsoff, P. S., 1929 Peprilus alepidotus populational ecology Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1951

Ayers, J. C, 1956 Peranemopsis striata predators of Lackey, J. B., 1940 Lavoie, M. & G. G. Holz, Jr., 1955 Peridinium propagation distribution

Turner, H. J. , Jr., 1949a Peck, J. I., 1896 raft culture Peridinium divergens

Shaw, W. N., 1962 Peck, J. I., 1896 raft grown Peridinium fusus Shaw, W. N., 1963 Peck, J. L, 1896 respiration Peridinium triquetrum Van Dam, L., 1954 seasonal distribution seasonal growth Hulburt, E. \1.. 1956b Pierce, M. E. & J. T. Conover, 1954 Periodicity sediment reworking Fingerman, M., 1957a Rhoads, D. C, 1963 Stier, T. J. B., 1933 sex inversions Callinectes Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936b Fingerman, M., 1955 sexual cycle Crassostrea Grave, B. H., 1942 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. shell inclusions Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Merrill, A. S., 1960 Brown, F. A.. Jr., H. M. Webb & M. F. symbiosis Bennett, 1955b Gray, G. M., 1933 Fucus

Peltogaste r naushonensis Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & H. M. Reinhard, E. G., 1946 Webb, 1954 Penikese Island Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. algae Brett, 1958, 1960 Croasdale, H., 1948 Hantzschia amphioxys Doty, M. S., 1948 Faure-Fremiet, E., 1951b Jordan, D. S., 1874 llyanassa obsoleta

Lewis, I. P., 1924 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & W. J.

Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1933 Brett, 1959 brackish water Protozoa Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett &H. M. Zinn, D. J., 1954 Webb, 1959 palynology Brown, F. A., Jr. & H. M. Webb, 1960 post glacial sea level Brown, F. \., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Deevey, E. S., Jr., 1948 Bennett fi L. H. Barnwell, 1959 Protozoa Littorina littorea Croasdale, H., 1948 Haseman, J. D., 1911 Zinn, D. J., 1954 Nassarius obsoletus Penilia avirostris Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & W. J. bioluminescense Brett, 1959 Lochhead, J. H., 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett &H. M. distribution Webb, 1960 Lochhead, J. H., 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. F. Penis resorption Bennett & F. H. Barnwell, 1960 Jenner, C. E., 1936a Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1960 Nassa obsoletus Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. Jenner, C. E. & N. A. Chamberlain, 19 55 Brett, 1958, 1960 Pennaria Pelecypoda morphology, variation Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Hargitt, C. W., 1901 Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Pennaria tiarella Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & M. F. breeding Bennett, 1955b Thompson, VI. T., 1899 Uca development Barnwell, F. H. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1963 Hargitt, C. W., 1900a, 1904b Brown, F. A., Jr. &M. N. Hines, 1952 morphology Brown, F. A., Jr., M. 1. Sandeen & N. Smallwood, M., 1899 Fingerman, 1952 natural history Brown, F. A., Jr., Vj. I. Sandeen & C. L. Hargitt, C. W., 1900a Ralph, 1954 nematocysts, manipulation Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F.

Kepner, W: A., 1943 Bennett &VI. I. Sandeen, 1954 ontogeny Hargitt, C. W., 1911 Periodicity 144

Periodicity Petrography Uca Schalk, M., 1938 daily facetted pebbles Brown, F. A., Jr. &G. C Stephens, 1951 Davis, W. M., 1895 Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1949 Petromyzon Fingerman, M., 1955 Mead, A. D., 1898 melanophores Petromyzon marinus 1898a Stephens, G. C, J. P. Greene, B. Guttman Smith, H. M., & R. A. Schinske, 1958 pCO in sea water W. W. F. Loomis, Jr., tidal & burrows Loomis, F. & I960 Fingerman, M., 1957b PH tidal & color change Bigelow, H. B., 1927 Fingerman, M., 1955, 1956 Walsh, G. E., 1965b Uca pugnax effects upon animal distribution Bennett, M. F. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1959b Allee, W. C, 1922c, 1923b Bennett, M. F., J. Shriner & R. A. Brown, Phaeodactylum tricomtum 1957 Lewin, J. C, R. A. Lewin & D. E.

Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & M. I. Philpott, 1958 Sandeen, 1953 phosphorus uptake Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & H. M. Kuenzler, E. J. & B. H. Ketchum, 1962 Webb, 1954 systematics

Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. Lewin, J. C, 1958 Sandeen & H. M. Webb. 195^ Phaeophila engeri Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & R. C. Thivy, F., 1943 Graves, 1952 Phaeophyta Webb, H. M. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1965 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & melanophores H. M. Webb, 1954 Stephens, G. C, 1955 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. motor activity Brett, 1958 Bennett, M. F., J. Shriner &R. A. Collins, F. S., 1906, 1908b, 1914, 1918 Brown, 1957 Farlow, W. G., 1882b Venus mercenaria Schuh, R. E., 1900a Bennett, M. F., 1954 Taylor, W. R., 1928, 1941 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. anaerobiosis Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & M. F. associated with Ectoprocta Bennett, 1955b Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Perissopus communis development Rathburi, R., 1888 Papenfuss, G. F., 1935 Peritricha distribution Rudzinska, M. A., 1947 Collins, F. S., 1891, 1896 Periphora listeri morphology development Simons, E. B., 1906 Jackson, S. F., 1958 physiology Periphora viridis Robbins, W. J., 1916 Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Phaeophytin in phytoplankton Verrill. A.E., 1871b method of determination by fluorescence morphology Yentsch, C. S. & D. W. Menzel, 1963 Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Phallusia Periwinkles Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b see Littorina (3 species) Phascolosoma gouldii Petaloproctus filifer behavior Hartman, 0. ,1942b, 1944 Miner, R. W., 1912 Petersenia (Olpidiopsis) andreei comb. nov. tolerance to low salinity Sparrow, F. K., 1936 Pearse, A. S., 1928 Petersenia sp. PhiUchthys xiphiae Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 parasite of Xiphias gladius Petersenia lobata Linton, E., 1901b Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Philoscia vittata Petricola pholadiformis Harger, 0., 1880a distribution, spatial Phoca vitulina 1901 Connell, J. H., 1955 U. S. Fish Commission, Phoca vitulina concolor stomach contents Griffin, D. R., 1936 145 Physiology

Pholas costata Phyllobothnum foliatum fossil parasite of Dasyatis centrura Gould, A. A., 1841 Linton, E., 1898b (1897) Pholas truncata parasite of Trygon centrura Wilson, J. H., 1905 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Pholis gunnellus Phyllobothrium loliginis Smith, H. M., 1898a parasite of Ommastrephes illecebrosus Phoreiobothrium exceptum Linton, E., 1897 parasite of Cestracion zygaena Phyllobothnum thysanocephalum Linton, E., 1925 classification Phoreiobothrium lasium Linton, E.. 1889 - 1891, 1892b parasite of Carcharias obscurus parasite of Galeocerdo tigrinus Linton, E., 1889 - 1891 Linton, E., 1889 - 1891 parasite of Prionace glauca see also Thysanocephalum crispum Linton, E., 1898b Phyllobothrium tumidum Phoreiobothrium pectinatum parasite of Carcharodon carcharias parasite of Cestracion zygaena Linton. E., 1922d Linton, E., 1925 parasite of Isurus dekayi Phoreiobothrium triloculatum Linton, E., 1922d parasite of Carcharinus obscurus Phyllodoc e catenula Linton, E., 1901b Verrill, A. E.. S. I. Smith &0. Harger, Phoresis 1873 Remora Phyllomitus salinus Spaeth, R. A., 1921 Lackey, J. B., 1940 Phosphate Phyllophora brodiaec seasonal cycle associated with Bryozoa LiUick, L. C, 1937 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Phosphorus Phyllophora membranifolia cycle associated with Bryozoa Renn, C. E., 1937 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 distribution Phylogeny Hulburt, E. M., 1956a Sanders, H. L., 1957 uptake by algae Actinozoa

Kuenzler, E. J. & B. H. Ketchum, 1962 McMurnch, J. P., 1891a Photokinesis Physalta /Is ten as forbesi behavior Rockstein, M. & M. Rockstein. 1957 feeding Photoperiods Gudger, E. W., 1942 Brown, F. A., Jr. &G.C. Stephens, 1951 carbon monoxide in float

Photosynthesis Wittenberg, J. B., 1958 Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 gas content of float benthic diatoms Safford, V., 1939 Taylor, W. R. & J. D. Palmer, 1963 Physalia physalis titration alkalinity of sea water feeding Taylor, W. R., I960 Lenhoff, H. M. & H. A. Schneiderman, Phototaxis 1959

Palaemonetes Physeter { Dinoziphius) carolinensis Lyon, E. P., 1906b fossil tooth Phycis americanis Sanford, S. N. F., 1934 Atwood, N. E., 1868 Physical oceanography Phycis chuss Bigelow, H. B., 1927 temperature Day, C. G., I960, 1%3

Kidder, J. H., 1879 Seiwell, H. R., 1948 Phycis tenuis drift bottle records host for Chondracanthus phycidis Bumpus, D. F., 1961 Rathbun, R., 1887a Bumpus, D. F. & C. G. Day, 1957 host for Filaria serrata tides Linton, E., 1901b Redfield, A. C, 1953 Phyllobothria Physiculus fulvus larvae, fish hosts of Bean, T. H.. 1885 Linton, E., 1922d Physiological ecology Skeletonema costatum Curl, H., Jr. &G. C. McLeod, 1961 Physiology David, C. N. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Phy siology 146

Physiology Phytoplankton algae pigments Gifford, C. E. & E. P. Odum, 1961 Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, I960 Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 polysaccharides of unicellular Lewin, R. A., 1955 McLachlan, J., 1961 populations, experimental Asterias forbesi Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Burnett, A. L., 1955, 1960 productivity Asterias rubens Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Chambers, R., 1930 seasonal distribution COt effect on Arbacia egg Fish, C. J., 1925 Haywood, C. & W. S. Root, 1930 Hulburt, E. M., 1956b copepod Lillick, L. C, 1937 Anraku, M., 1964 fluctuations Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 Riley, G. A., 1947 Crepidula plana production sexual changes Clarke, G.L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 Gould, H. N., 1949 succession, ecological digestive tract, elasmobranchs Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Pigments, chloroplastic & water-soluble dinoflagellates yellow substances in algae S. A. Reichert, 1961- Hochachka, P. W. & J. M. Teal, 1964 Yentsch, C. & C. Dolichoglossus kowalowskyi 1962 light reactions, photoreceptors Pigments, plant Hess, W. M., 1935 chromatographic analysis Ensis directus Taylor, W. R. & C. D. Gebelein, 1964 Drew, G. A., 1907b, 1908 of intertidal sediments fish temperatures Taylor, W. R. & C. D. Gebelein, 1964 phytoplankton Kidder, J. H., 1880 Gonionemus murbachii Margelef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 nervous system Pilinia minor Yerkes, R. M., 1902b Collins, F. S., 1908a Metridium Pilinia reinschii netabolic effects on feeding Collins, F. S., 1908a AUabach, L. P., 1905 Pilumnus harrisii Mnemiopsis leidyi Lyman, T., 1861 Coonfield, B. R., 1934 Pinnixa Molgula manhattensis development, larval x-rays Smith, S. 1., 1877- 1882b early stages Grosch, D. S. & Z. H. Smith, 1957 1882a Nereis virens Smith, S. I., 1877- salinity effects Pinnixa chaetopterana Smith, S. I., 1877- 1882b Langdon, F. E., 1900 Ostrea commensalism Pearse, A. S., 1913 Galtsoff, P. S., 1929 phytoplankton Pinnixa say ana Smith, S. I., 1877- 1882b Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Scopthalamus aquosus Pinnotheres maculatus color change commensalism S., 1913 Scott, G. T., 1965 Pearse, A. Synapta commensal of Modiolus modiolus Cushman, J. A., 1906a Clark, H. L., 1901 Phytoplankton reproduction Margalef, R., 1960b Pearce, J. B., 1964 maculatus larvae Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 Pinnotheres behavior Yentsch, C. S. & J. H. Ryther, I959 chlorolphyll variation Welsh, J. H., 1933 swimming rate Yentsch, C. S. & J. H. Ryther, 1957 Welsh, 1932 estuaries J. H., Pinnotheridae Hulburt, E. M., 1963 metabolism reproduction Pearce, J. B., 1964 Clarke, G. L. & R. H. Oster, 1934 physiology Pinnularia Peck, J. I., 1896 Hellebust, J. A., 1965 Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 147 Platyhelminthes

Pisces Plankton Edwards, R. L., R. Livingstone & circulation effects upon P. E. Hamer, 1962 Ketchum, B. H., 1954 Goode, G. B., 1888 copepods

Storer, D. H., 1839, 1844a, 1844b, 1846 Raymont, J. E. G., 1959 1848a, 1867 decomposition in marine mud Swain, J., 1883 Renn, C. E., 1940 Williams, G. C, 1960 diatoms

Winthrop, J., 1670 Ryther, J. H. & R. R. L. GuiUard, 1962 acoustic orientation feeding Moulton, J. M., 1963 Peck, J. L, 1896 distribution mid depth

Nichols, J. T. & C. M. Breder, Jr., 1927 Peck, J. I., 1896 Massachusetts morphology Gill, T., 1905 GuiUard, R. R. L. & J. H. Ryther, 1962 Nantucket neretic Sharpe, B.& H. W. Fowler, 1904 seasonal distribution osmosis Fish, C. J., 1925 Sumner, T. B., 1906a oceanic Osteichthyes seasonal distribution

Olsen, Y . H. & D. Merriman, 1946 Fish, C. J., 1925 parasites of population of Oyster Pond Linton, E., 1889, 1891, 1892a, 1894, Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 1897. 1898a, 1898b, 1901a, 1901b, populational ecology 1910a, 1910b, 1914, 1933, 1934c, 1942 Margalef, R., 1960a physiology seasonal distribution. Woods Hole Sumner, F. B., 1906b Fish, C. J., 1925 temperatures surface Kidder, J. H., 1880 Peck, J. L, 1896 Pista intermedia Planocera in qui Una Webster, H.E.& J. E. Benedict, 1884 Verrill, A. E., 1892-1895 Pista palmata development, larval tolerance to low salinity Surface, F. M., 1907 Pearse, A. S., 1928 parasite of Sycotypus canaliculatus Placoid scales Wheeler, W. M., 1894a Squalus acanthius Planocera nebulosa Sayles, L. P. & S. G. Hershkowitz, 1937 Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Placopecten magellanicus Plant community, Barnstable dunes shell inclusions ecology of salt spray flora Merrill, A. S., 1960 Boyce, S. G., 1952, 1954 Plagiostomum Plants behavior Harshberger, J. W., 1914 Welsh, J. H., 1933 vascular Plagiostomum mo rgam tidal marsh, beach & dune Graff, L.V., 1911 Moul, E. T., 1964 Plagiostomum stellatum Platessa quadrocellata Graff. L.V.. 1911 Storer, D. H., 1848b Plagiostomum whitmani Platoma bairdii Graff, L. v., 1911 Taylor, W. R., 1941 Plagiostomum wilsoni Platybothrium Graff, L. v., 1911 parasite of Sphyma zygaena Planaria Linton, E., 1901a Verrill, A. E., 1888-1892c Platybothrium cervinum Verrill, A E., S. I. Smith & parasite of Carcharias obscurus 0. Harger, 1873 Linton. E., 1889-1391 Plankton Platybothrium parvum see also phytoplankton Linton, E., 1901b Bigelow, H. B., 1915, 1917, 1922, Platyhelminthes 1926, 1927 Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 Bigelow, H. B. & M. Sears, 1939 Hyman, L., 1952 Peck, J. I., 1896 Jones, E. R., 1938 Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 Linton, E., 1887, 1889, 1892b, 1923 behavior Martin, W. E., 1938 Johnson, W. H. & J. E. G. Raymont, 1939 Miller, H. M., Jr. &F. E. Northup, 1926 bottom

Peck, J. I., 1896 Platyhelminthes 148

Platyhelminthes Platyonichus ocellatus Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Lyman, T., 1861 Provenzano, A. J., Jr., 1961 Pleistocene Stunkard, H. W., 1936, 1938, 1943, Fuller, M. L., 1906b 1950a, 1950b, 1951, 1953, 1957, 1960, Koons, B. F., 1884, 1885 1961, 1962a, 1962b, 1964 Koteff, C. & J. E. Cotton, 1962 Stunkard, H. W. & R. M. Cable, 1932 Sayles, R. W. & A. S. Knox, 1943 Stunkard, W. Nigrelli, H. & R. F. 1930 Shaler, N.S., J. B. Woodworth & Stunkard, H. W. & C. R. Shaw, 1931 C. F. Marbutt, 1896 Vernll, A. E., 1882a, 1888-1892c, Upham, W., 1899 1892-1895 Verrill, A. E., 1875 behavior Wilson, J. H., 1906 W. Wheeler, M., 1894a, 1894b Woodworth, J. B., 1897 feeding formations, Nantucket Jennings, J. B., 1957 Wilson, J. H., 1905 commensalism fossils Linton, E., 1910c Desor, E., 1851c development horse Curtis, W. C, 1903 Woodworth, J. B., 1900 Gardner, E. G., 1895 geology of Cape Cod

Martin, W. E., 1944 Zeigler, J. M., S. D. Tuttle, H. S. Patterson, J. T., 1912 Tasha & G. S. Giese, 1964 Shaw, C. R., 1933 Holocene Surface, F. M., 1907 Deevey, E. S., Jr., 1948 distribution mollusks Bush, L., 1964 Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1964 Hyman, L. H., 1939 paleoeology life history Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Curtis, W. C, 1911 palynology

Hunninen, A. V. & R . M. Cable, 1940, Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1959 1943a, 1943b post-Pleistocene deposits & fossils Martin, W. E., 1939, 1940 Merrill, F., 1896 morphology sea levels Curtis, W. C, 1908 Horner, N. G., 1929 new species western Cape Cod Graff, L.V., 1911 Mather, K.F.. R. P. Goldthwait & parasitic L. R. Thiesmeyer, 1940 Cable, R. M., 1954 Pleolpidium ( Rozella ) marinum Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 1940, 1941, 1942 Pleurabrachia rhododactyla Cable, R. M. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 Agassiz, A., 1862 Groto, S., 1899 Pleuromamma Linton, E., 1889, 1891, 1898b, 1898c, physiology 1905, 1907a, 1907b, 1907c, 1915c, R aymont, J. E. G. & R . J. Conover, 1915d, 1921, 1922a, 1922c, 1922d, 1924, 1961 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1934a, 1934b, Pleuronectes americanus 1941, 1942 morphology Manter, H. W., 1926 Bumpus, H. C, 1898d Platymonas Pleuronectes dentata physiology stomach contents Hulburt, E. M., 1963 Gould, A. A., 1841 McLachlan, J., 1961 Pleuronectidae Platymonas subcordiformis Smith, H. M., 1898a Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1921 host for Acanthocephala polysaccharides of Linton, E., 1898a Lewin, R. A., 1955 Pleuronema setigera Platynereis magalops Calkins. G. N., 1902 breeding habits Pleurosigma Just, E. E., 1914 Peck, J. I., 1896 Platyonichus ocellatus Pleurotoma decussata behavior Couthouy, J. P., 1839 Chidester, F. E., 1911 Pleurotoma plicata host for Carcinonemertes carcinophila Adams, C. B., 1841a Coe, W. R., 1902a, 1902b Pliocene larvae Woodworth, J. B., 1897 Smith, S. I., 1873 Polychaeta 149

Plumulana arborea Polinices duplicatus Desor, E., 1851a feeding habits Plumularia polynema Hanks, J. E., 1952 Fraser, C. M.. 1943 nutrition & callus color Plumularia tenella Turner, H. J., Jr., 1958* VerriU, A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harger. reproduction 1873 Hanks, J. E., 1957, 1963 breeding Polinices heros Thompson, M. T., 1899 feeding habits Pneumatophorus grex Hanks, J. E., 1952 host for Lepocreadium retrusum Polinices triseriata Linton, E., 1942 reproduction Pocassett Hanks, J. E., 1957 tidal marsh, Cyathura polita migrations Pollachius carbonarius Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske & J. R. temperature Comer, 1964 Kidder. J. H., 1879 Pocasset River Pollachius virens faunal distribution Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards. 1901 Sanders, H. L., P. C. Mangelsdorf & feeding G. R. Hampson, 1965 Herrick, C. J., 1903 salinity host for Ascaris clavata Sanders, H. L., P. C. Mangelsdorf & Linton. E., 1901a G. R. Hampson, 1965 host for Distomum ocreatum Podark e caeca Linton, E., 1901a Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict. 1884 host for Octobothrium Podarke obscura Linton, E.. 1901a

VerriU, A. E., S. I. Smith &0. Harger, parasites of 1873 Linton, E., 1901a Podocoryne camea Pollution commensal on Nassa trivittata Arcisz, W.. E. Wattie & J. L. Crowell, S., 1945 Dallas, 1953 sex cells, origin Kelly, C. B.. 1950 Bunting, M., 1894 effect on Uca Podocotyle atomos Claff, C. L., et al, 1958 Linton, E., 1934c sewage D. L., 1930 life history Belding, Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1943b shellfish Podoctyle olssoni Belding, D. L., 1930 Linton, E., 1934c Polyandrocarpa parasite of Microgadus tomcod larval metamorphosis Manter, H. W., 1926 Grave, C. 1941b Podon leuckarti Polychaeta Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Copeland, M., 1935 Podophyra gracilis Lewis. M.. 1897 Calkins, G. N., 1902 Lyman, T., 1861 Poeciliidae Moore. J. P., 1900 Smith, H. M., 1898a Pettibone, M. H., 1963 Pogonias cromis Plaine, H. L., 1952 Smith, H. M., 1898a Turner, H. J., Jr. &J. E. Hanks, 1959 Pogonophora U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Siboglinum VerriU, A. E.. 1880-1886, 1882a E. Benedict, 1884 Wigley, R. L., 1963b Webster, H. E. ,fc J. Wells, P., 1961 Pogotrichum fill forme G. Schuh, R. E., 1900a Welsh, J. H., 1933 Point Gammon autecology Chute, N. E., 1939 Rankin, J. S., Jr., 1946 Polina glutinosa behavior

VerriU, A. E., S. 1. Smith &0. Harger, Copeland, M., 1930 1873 Hargitt, C. W., 1906a, 1909a, 1910 Polinices Just, E. E.. 1914 Just. 1913 locomotion, muscular & ciliary Lillie. F. R. & E. E. W., Copeland, M., 1922 Miner, R. 1912 S. Galtsoff, 1944 predator of Mya arenaria Mortensen, E. & P. W., 1911 Turner, H. J., Jr., et al, 1948 Scott, J. 1909, Polinices duplicatus Waterman, A. J., 1934 development, larval Yerkes, A. W., 1906 Hanks, J. E., 1963 Polychaeta 150

Polychaeta Polydora ciliata behavior infesting Pecten irradians feeding Turner, H. J., Jr. & J. E. Hanks, 1959 Copeland, M. & H. L. Wieman, 1924 Polydora co Ionia Faulkner, G. H., 1931 Moore, J. P., 1907b Gross, A. C, 1921 Polydora concharum breeding Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944 Mead, A. D., 1898 Verrill. A. E.. 1880-1886 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Polydora ligni cytogeny behavior Wilson, E. B., 1892 Mortensen, E. & P. S. Galtsoff, 1944 development tube building habits Allyn, H. M., 1912 Mortensen, E. & P. S. Galtsoff, 1944 Child. C. M.. 1900 Polydora tubifex Mensch, P. C, 1900 Verrill. A. E.. 1880-1886 Schively, M. A., 1897 Polygordidae

early Moore, J. P., 1904 Mead, A. D., 1897 Polyknkos hartmanni larval Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Campbell, M. A., 1957 Polyknkos lebourae distribution Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Hartman, 0., 1942a Polyknkos schwartzi hermaphroditism Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Gregory, L. H., 1905 Polylaimium exile heliotropism, larval Cobb, N. A., 1920 Kanda, S., 1919 Polymastia andrica morphology de Laubenfels, M. W., 1949 Langdon, F. E., 1900 Polymorphism new species Dodecaceria Moore, J. P., 1903a, 1905a, 1906, Martin, E. A., 1933 1907a, 1907b Polynoe Pettibone, M. H., 1955, 1956 Lyman, T., 1861 parasites of Polynoidae Calkins, G. N., 1915 new species Linton, E., 1915d Pettibone, M. H., 1955 Martin, W. E., 1944 Polyonyx macrocheles parasitic commensalism Allen, M. J., 1952 Pearse, A. S., 1913 pelagic Polyplacophora

Moore, J. P., 1903b behavior, spawning regeneration Grave, B. H., 1922 Smith, S. D., 1963 Polypnon americanus reproduction Gray, G. M., 1934 Martin, E. A., 1933 Polysigma uniform.e salinity influences Cobb, N. A., 1920 Sayles, L. P., 1935 Polysiphonia fastigata tolerance to low salinity development with holdfasts Pearse, A. S., 1928 Derick, C. M., 1899 seasonal distribution epiphytic on Ascophyltum nodosum Fish, C. J., 1925 Collins. F. S., 1914 Polychoerus caudatus Polysiphonia violacea development, early development of holdfasts Gardner, E. G., 1895 Derrick, C. M., 1899 Polycladida Polysiphonia novae - angliae Hyman, L. H., 1939 Taylor, W. R., 1937 Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Polysiphonia vestita Wheeler, W. M., 1894a Collins, F. S., 1896 Polycystis mamertina Polysiphonia violacea Jones, E. R., 1938 life history

Polydactylus octonemus Lewis, I. F., 1912, 1914 Smith, H. M., 1898a Yamanouchi, S., 1906-1Q07 Polydora anoculata Polyzoa Moore. J. P., 1907b Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Polydora ciliata Pomatomus saltatrix Plaine, H. L., 1952 Atwood, N. E., 1865 151 Poronotus triacanthus

Pomatomus saltatrix Pontella meadii Backus, R. H., 1962 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Smith, H. M., 1898a Pontellopsis regalis food of Sharpe, R. W., 1911

Peck, J. 1., 1896 Pontisma lagenidioides host for Distomum ocreatum Sparrow, p. K., Jr., 1936 Linton, E., 1898c Pontobdella rapax host for Echinorhynchus sagittifer Verrill. A. E., S. \. Smith &0. Harger. Linton, E., 1889 1873 host for Octobothrium dipsacum parasite of Paralichthys dentatus Linton, E., 1897 Linton, E., 1901b host for Rhynchobothrium parasite of Stenotomus chrysops Linton, E., 1887 Linton, E., 1901b host for Rhynchobothrium bisulcatum larvae Pontocypris edwardsi Linton, E., 1889 Cushman, J. A.. 1906b host for Rhynchobothrium bulbijer Popponesset Bay Linton, E., 1897 Poraminifera natural history Parker, P. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Baird, S. P., 1873b Populations, diversity parasites of phytoplankton Linton, E., 1901a Hulburt, E. M., 1963 temperature Populational ecology Kidder, J. H., 1879 Arbacia Pomatomus saltatus Allee, W. C. & G. Evans, 1937b host for Lemanthropus pomatomi Arbacia punctulata Rathbun, R., 1888 Allee, W. C. & G. Evans, 1937a Pomolobus Cyathura polita in tidal marshes & estuaries food of Phoca vitulina concolor Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 Griffin, D. R., 1936 zooplankton Pomolobus aestivalis Barlow, J. P., 1955 Powler, H. W., 1917 endemic development, larval Barlow, J. P., 1952 Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Population movements embryology Cyathura polita, Pocasset marsh Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske &J. R. host for Chloromyxum clupeidea Comer, 1964 Hahn, C. W., 1918 Populations, experimental migration, orientation phytoplankton Collins, G. B., 1952 Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Pomolobus mediocris Porania spinulosa Powler, H. W., 1917 Verrill. A. E.. 1880-1886 Pomolobus pseudoharengus Porcellio scaber Powler, H. W., 1917 embryology fishery McMurrich, J. P., 1895 Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Poreponides lateralis host for Chloromyxum clupeidea Parker, P. L., 1952 Hahn, C. W., 1918 Porifera migration, orientation de Laubenvels, M. W., 1949 Collins, G. B., 1952 Desor, E., 1851e Pond studies Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 dissolved carbohydrate fossil Walsh, G. E., 1964, 1965a Verrill, A. E., 1875 Great Pond new species Barlow, J. P., 1952, 1955 Hyatt, A., 1878 algae Poronotus triacanthus Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 development, larval phosphorus distribution Kuntz, A.& L. Radcliffe, 1917 Hulburt, E. M., 1956a embryology phytoplankton, seasonal distribution Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Hulburt, E. M., 1956b host for a fungoid parasite oxygen production Linton, E., 1936 Whiteley, G. C, Jr., 1960 host for Otobothrium crenacollae Oyster Pond, Palmouth Linton, E., 1907b Walsh, G. E., 1965b rheotaxis Lyon, E. P., 1905 Porphyra umbilicalis 152

Porphyra umbilicalis Prionotus carolinus Collins, F. S., 1918 host for Distomum Porphyridium cruentum Linton, E., 1901a polysaccharides of morphology, optic Lewin, R. A., 1955 Parker, G. H., 1903 Portuguese Man-of-War parasites see Physalia Linton, E., 1901a Potamilla oculifera Prionotus evolans behavior Verrill, A. E., 1897 Hargitt, C. W., 1906a bio-acoustics

Prasiola stipitata Moulton, J. M., 1956, 1958 Lewis. I. F.. 1916 Prionotus palmipes Collins, F. S., 1916 Verrill, A. E., 1897 Praunus flexuosus Prionotus strigatus Wigley, R. L., 1963a Smith, H. M., 1898a Prawns behavior see Palaemonetes Parker, G. H., 1912 Praxillella tricirrata Procerodes ulvae Moore, J. P., 1906 morphology Praxillura omata Curtis, W. C, 1908 Hartman, 0., 1942b Procerodes wheatlandi VerriU, A. E., 1880-1SS6 morphology Predators of shellfish Curtis, W. C, 1908 Hanks, J. E., 1957 Productivity Prepinus viticetensis Walsh, G. E., 1965a, 1965b Jeffrey, E. C, 1910 Oyster Pond Preservation, marine organisms Walsh, G. E., 1965b Russell, H. D. & M. R. Carriker, 1963 phytoplankton Pressure Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Fucus rocky intertidal zones Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. Gilford. C. E. & E. P. Odum, 1961 Brett, 1958 Proglottid, cestode high abnormal effect on development Linton, E., 1907a Draper, J. W. & D. J. Edwards, 1932 Prognichthys gibbifrons Priacanlhus arenatus Rogers, C. H., 1938 Smith, H. M., 1898a Propagation, soft shell clam Priapulu s pygmaeus Turner, H. J., Jr., 1949a Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Prorocentrum minimum Primary productivity Hulburt, E. M., 1963 Bachmann, R. W. & E. P. Odum, 1960 Prosthecocotyle monticellii Pnngsheimia scutata parasite of Globicephalus melus Collins, F. S., 1908b Linton, E., 1924 epiphytic on Zostera marina Protelphidium tisburyense Collins, F. S., 1891 Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, Prionace glauca 1960 Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1940 Proteocephalus host for Anthobothrium laciniatum parasite of Zygonectes diaphanus Linton, E., 1898b Linton, E., 1941 host for Orygmatobolhrium angustum Proteocephalus macrocephalus Linton, E., 1898b, parasite of Anguilla rostrata host for Phoreiobothrium lasium Linton, E., 1941 Linton, E., 1898b Proteonina Prionospio heterobranchia Parker, F. L., 1952 Moore, J. P., 1907b Proteonina atlantica Prionotus carolinus Cushman, J. A., 1944 Smith, H. M., 1898a Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 behavior Protiara h aec keli Parker, G. H., 1912 Hargitt, C. W., 1902b bio-acoustics Protochordata Moulton, J. M., 1956, 1958 Bancraft, F. W., 1904 development, larval Desor, E., 1851d Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a, 1907-1912b embryology Verrill, A. E., 1871a, 1871b Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 feeding Herrick, C J., 1903 153 Psammon Protochordata Protozoa behavior new species Grave, C, 1941a Butcher, W. S., 1948 Watterson, R. L., 1945 Faure-Fremiet, E., 1937, 1951a larval Lackey, J. B., 1960 Grave, C, 1920 Root, F. M., 1922 Woodbridge, H., 1924 parasitic development Calkins, G. N., 1915 Bertholf, L. M., 1945 Hahn, C. W., 1915, 1917, 1918 Bertholf, L.M. & S. 0. Mast, 1944 Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, Scott, F. M., Sister, 1942, 1945, 1952 1936 fertilization Kudo, R., 1923 Morgan, T. H., 1941 Linton, E., 1901b fossil Renn, C. E., 1935, 1936b Desor, E., 1851c Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 fouling Penikese Island Parker, G. H., 1924 Croasdale, H., 1948 larval metamorphosis Zinn, D. J., 1954 Grave, C, 1941b physiology morphology Hochachka, P. W. & J. M. Teal, 1964 Hunter, G. W., 1898 Poponessett Bay Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Willey, A., 1901 Woods Hole physiology Calkins, G. N., 1902 Grosch, D. S. & Z. H. Smith, 1957 Lackey, J. B., 1936 Protohaustorius deichmannae seasonal distribution Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Fish, C. J., 1925 Protohaustorius wigleyi Provincetown Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Graham, J. D., 1838 Protomyrxa-\ike parasite Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1954 of Bryopsis Zeigler, J. M., 1960 Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Zeigler, J. M., et al, 1961 Protostigmata earthquake Molgula manhattensis Leet, L., 1935 Willey, A., 1901 fish-eating cows of

Protozoa Hinckley, I., 1882 Andrews, E. A., 1942 flora & fauna Cushman, J. A., 1920 Rathbun, R., 1881 Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 mollusks Lackey, J. B., 1936 Winkley, H. W., 1907 Margalef, R., 1960a Polychaeta Parker, F. L., 1952 Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 sand dunes & grain sizes Rudzinska, M. A., 1947, 1952 Lutz, H. J., 1941 Verrill, A. E., 1873 Smith, H. T. & C. Messinger, Wenrich, D. H., 1928 1959 Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 shore line topography development Whiting, H., 1867 Faure-Fremiet, E., 1930 Provincetown Highland Summers, F. M., 1938 beach studies distribution Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Lackey,!. B., 1940 1954 distribution & ecological factors Zeigler, J. M., 1960 Lackey, J. B., 1938 Zeigler, J. M. & S. D. Tuttle, 1961 foraminifera shore line geology Cushman, J. A., 1908, 1944 Marindin, H. L., 1890 Lidz, L., 1965 Provincetown Hook excystation age & development Trager, W., 1957 Zeigler, J. M., et al, 1965 geotropism Proxenetes modestus Kanda, S., 1914 Graff. L. v., 1911 morphology Psammon Nie, D., 1947 Pennak, R. W., 1942a new species new species Beltran, E., 1933 Faure-Fremiet, E. A., 1951a Bullington, W. E., 1939 i

Psammoleptastacus arenaridus 154

Psammoleptastacus arenaridus Psorosperms Pennak, R. W., 1942a, 1942b on Cyprinodon variegatus Psammolittoral Linton, E., 1891 Nematoda distribution Pterophryne histrio Cobb, N. A., 1929 Smith, H. M., 1898a Psammonsella nobskae Pteroplatea altavela Hag, J.. 1965 Coker, R. E., 1922 Psammotopa vulgaris Pteroplatea maclura Pennak, R. W., 1942a, 1942b Smith, H. M., 1898a Pseudocalanus minutus Pteropoda distribution behavior Buzzards Bay Hsiao, S. C, 1939 Anraku, M., 1962 Ptilanthura grazing Harger, 0., 1878 Anraku, M., 1964 Ptilanthura tenuis respiration Harger, 0., 1880a Anraku, M., 1964 Purple sea urchins Raymont, J. E. G., 1959 see Arbacia punctulata Pseudocy there tta edwardsii Purpura lapillus Cushman, J. A., 1906b Adams, C. B., 1839a Pseudodiaptomus coronatus Purpura lapillus Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Winkley, H. W., 1907 distribution Pycnogonida Buzzards Bay Dawson, A. B., 1934 Anraku, M., 1962 Wilson, E. B., 1880 Pseudoeponides anderseni behavior Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Cole, L. J., 1901 Pseudohaustorius borealis feeding Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Cole, L. J., 1906 Pseudohaustoriu s caroliniensis morphology Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Cole, L. J., 1910 Pseudopleuronectes americanus symbiosis with Hydrozoa Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Cole, L. J., 1910 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Pycnogonum littorale breeding Wilson, E. B., 1880 Mead, A. D., 1898 Pylaiella littoralis development epiphytic on Laminaria longicruris Sullivan, W. E., 1915 Collins, F. S., 1914 larval stages Prymnesium parvum Breder, C. M., Jr., 1922b Hulburt, E. M., 1963 exchange by tidal currents Pyramidella Williams, G. C, 1960 Bartsch, P., 1907-1912

fishery Pyramidella ( Sulcorinella ) bartsch Winkley. Matthiessen, G . C. & R. C. Toner, H. W., 1909 . 1912 1963 Pyramidellida (Symola) fusca Pearlmutter, A., 1947 WinWey, H. W., 1912 food of Pyramidellida producta Linton, E., 1922b Winkley, H. W., 1912 host for Echinorhynchus acus Pyramidellidae Linton, E., 1889 Bartsch, P., 1907, 1912 host for Myxobolus pleuronectidae Winkley, H. W., 1909 Hahn, C. W., 1917b Pyramis fusca morphology Adams, C. B., 1839a, 1839b Williams, S. R., 1902 Pyura optic Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b Parker, G. H., 1903 Pyrula canaliculata parasites of Adams, C. B., 1839a Linton, E., 1901a, 1922b habits spawning Lyman, T., 1861 Breder, C. M., Jr., 1922a Pyrula carica Pseudopolymorphina novangliae Adams, C. B., 1839a Parker, F. L., 1952 Quahog Pseudopriacanlhus altus see Mercenaria Schroeder, W. C, 1937 Quahog Pond Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1899a, 1902b oxygen production Whiteley, G. C, Jr., 1960 155 Remora Quenmana gyrans Raia erinacea Kendall, W. C. & H. M. Smith, 1894 host for Echeneibothrium variabile Quick's Hole Linton, E., 1898b Davis, B. M., 1913b host for Rhynchobothrhim imparispine Quinqueloculina seminula Linton, E., 1898b Parker, F. L., 1952 parasites of Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Linton, E., 1901a Quinqueloculina seninula var. jugosa physiology Parker, F. L., 1952 digestive tract Quintanus tenellus Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Wilson, C. B., 1932 Ra\a laevis Quissett Carman, S. W., 1875 Chamaecyparis bog, tidal host for Distomum veliporum Bartlett, H. H.,1909, 1911 Linton, E., 1898c subsisdence, postglacial host for Otodistomum cestoides Bartlett, H.H., 1909, 1911 Linton. E., 1934c Race Point Ra]a ocellata beach studies Fowler, H. W., 1917 Zeigler, J. M., 1960 parasites of geomorphology Linton, E., 1901a Miller, R. L. ^ J. M. Zeigler, 1964 Raja senta nearshore processes Carman. S.. 1886 Miller, R. L.& J. M. Zeigler, 1964 Ra\a stabuliforis sediments Radcliffe, L., 1928 Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1964 morphology water movement Cudger, E. W., 1933 Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1964 Rands Harbor Rachycentron canadum Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce &C. C. Smith, H. M., 1899a Whiteley, Jr., 1956 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 oyster growth E. Currier, 1951, host for Ascaris inquies Pierce, M. E. & J. Linton, E., 1901b 1952 Radiata Ranella caudata 1839a, 1839b Verrill, A. E., 1873 Adams, C. B., Radioactive algae Rathbunula agilis Wilson, C. B., 1932 Blake, J. W., 1961 Radiocarbon dating Rathbunula curticauda Wilson, B., 1932 Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1963 C. Raft culture of oysters Razor clams Shaw, W. N., 1962 see Ensis Raft grown oysters Reclaimation of sand dunes Shaw, W. N., 1963 Westgate, J., 1904 Rag worms Red-jointed fiddler crabs

see Nereis ( several species) see ilea minax Rahidae Red sponges Smith, H. M., 1898a see Microciona prolifera Raia eglantena Reforestation Schroeder, W. C, 1933 Chrysler, M. A., 1905 Raia erinacea Regeneration host for Echeneibothrium vanabile Gonionema Linton, E., 1889-1891 Hargitt, C. T., 1902c host for Rhynchobothnum impanspine inhibition of in Clymenella torquata Linton, E., 1889-1891 Smith, S. D., 1963 temperature Tubularia Kidder, J. H., 1879 Coldin, A., 1942 Rata laevis Remanea plumosa temperature Pennak, R. W., 1942a Kidder, J. H., 1879 Remanella obtusa Raia ocellata Faure-Fremiet. E. M.. 1951a host for Trypanosoma raiae Remipes Kudo, R., 1923 morphology Raja eglantena Smith. S. I., 1874-1878 Carman, S. W., 1875 Remora Ra\a erinacea Spaeth, R. A., 1921 Fowler, H. W., 1917 Remora remora 156 Remora remora Respiration host for Distomum lageniforme Uca Linton, E., 1898c Webb, H. M. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1958 host for Distomum monticellii Respiratory movements

Linton, E., 1898c Hyde, 1. H., 1894 Reophax arctica Rhabdocoela Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 commensalism Reophax curtus Linton, E., 1910c Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 development Reophax dentaliniformis Patterson, J. T., 1912 Parker, F. L., 1952 Rhabdocoma americanum Reophax nana Cobb, N. A., 1920 Parker, F. L., 1952 Rhabdonia tenera Reophax scottii development of hold fasts Phleger, E B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Derick, C. M., 1899 Reophax sp. life history Parker, F. L.& W. D. Athearn, 1959 Osterhout, W. J. V., 1896 Repopulation of intertidal zones Rhadinocladi a farlowii Fahey, E. M., 1947 Schuh, R. E., 1900a Reproduction Rhegmatodes tenuis Amphitrite omata Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Scott, J. W., 1909, 1911 morphology, variations Arbacia punctulata Hargitt, C. W. 1905b Palmer, L., 1935 Rheotaxis in Osteichthys Barentsia laxa Lyon, E. P., 1905 Rogick, M. D., 1945, 1949 Rhinebothrium Botfyllus schlosseri classification Watterson, R. L., 1945 Linton, E., 1889 Dodececaria fimbriatus Rhinebothrium cancellatum asexual parasite of Rhinoptera quadriloba Martin, E. A., 1933, 1936 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Gonionemus murbachii Rhinebothrium flexile effect on light on spawning parasite of Trygon centrura Rugh, R., 1929 Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Pinnotheres Rhinebothrium longicolle

Pearce, J. B., 1964 parasite of Myliobatis freminvillei Polinices Linton, E., 1889-1891 Hanks, J. E., 1957 parasite of Rhinoptera bonasus Polinices duplicatus Linton, E., 1889-1891

Hanks, J. E., 1963 Rhinebothrium maccallum i Sabellaria vulgaris parasite of Dasybatis centrura Waterman, A. J., 1934 Linton, E., 1925 see spawning Rhinonemus cimbrius Squalus Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Hisaw, F. L. & A. Albert, 1947 Rhinoptera bonasus Xiphias gladius Smith, H. M., 1898a Lee, R. E., 1942 host for Rhynchobothrium agile Reptilia Linton, E., 1898b Bangs, 0., 1897 host for Rhynchobothrium brevispine Resources, marine Linton, E.. 1898b Barnstable County host for Rhynchobothrium longicolle Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Linton, E., 1898b Respiration host for Tetrarhynchus robustum Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 Linton, E., 1898b Copepoda Rhinoptera quadriloba Anraku, M., 1964 host for Rhinebothrium cancellatum planktonic Linton, E., 1889-1891 Raymont, J. E. G.. 1959 host for Tylocephalum pingue intestinal Linton, E., 1889-1891 Chaetopterus variopedatus Rhizocephala Faulkner, G. H., 1931 Reinhard, E. G., 1946 Pecten Rhizophidium discinctum Van Dam, L., 1954 Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 planktonic diatoms Rhizophidium globosum Ryther, J. H. & R. R. L. Guillard, 1962 Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 salinity Rhizosolenia Metridium marginatum distribution Shoup, C. S.. 1932 Peck, J. I., 1896 157 Rhynchobothrium lon^icorne Rhizosolenia setigera Rhopalaura respiration & temperature parasite of Amphiphorus ochraceus Meinkoth, VI. A., 1956 Ryther, J. H. & R. R. L. GuiUand, 1962 Rhizostoma pulmo Rhynchobodo agilis morphology, variations Lackey, J. B., 1940 Hargitt, C. W., 1905c Rhynchobolus dibranchiatus Rhodacaropsis inexpectatus behavior Miner, W., 1912 Hag, J., 1965 R. Rhodacarus pallidas Rhynchobothrium Hag, J., 1965 larvae Rhodochorton rothii Linton, E., 1894, 1897 epiphytic on Laminaria longicruris Pomatomus saltatrix Collins, F. S., 1914 Linton, E., 1887 Rhodobothrium pulvinatum Rhynchobothrium agile anatomy parasite of Rhinoptera bonasus Linton, E., 1889 Linton, E., 1898b bisulcatum Rhododermis georgii Rhynchobothrium classification Collins, F. S., 1906 - 1891 Rhodomelia virgata Linton, E., 1889 parasite of Carcharias obscurus Collins, F. S., 1896 Rhodomonas minuta Linton, E., 1889 bisulcatum seasonal distribution see also Tetrarhynchobothrium Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Linton, E., 1889 Rhodophyta Rhynchobothrium brevispine bonasus Collins, F. S., 1906, 1918 parasite of Rhinootera Taylor, W. R.,1937, 1941 Linton. E., 1898b bulbifei Yamanouchi, S., 1906-1907 Rhynchobothrium alternation of generations Linton, E., 1889 - 1891

Lewis, \. F., 1912 parasite of Alutera schoepfii development Linton, E., 1897 Chester, G. D., 1896 parasite of Mustelus cams holdfasts Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1898b Derick, C. M., 1899 Rhynchobothrium heterospine distribution parasite of Anguilla rostrata Cleland, R. E., 1918 Linton, E., 1897 Collins, F. S., 1896 parasite of Mustelus canis drifting Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Collins. F. S., 1914 Rhynchobothrium hispidum life history parasite of Trygon centrura

Lewis, I. F., 1909 Linton. E.. 1889-1891 new species Rhynchobothrium imparispine Collins, F. S., 1908c Linton, E., 1897, 1934c Jao, C. C, 1936 parasite of Raja erinacea Rhodospermeae Linton. E.. 1889-1891. 1898b Jordan, D. S., 1874 larvae in Scomber scombrus Rhodymenia palmata Linton, E., 1923 Collins, F. S., 1914 parasite of Raja ocellata Rhodymeniales Linton, E., 1914 development of holdfasts Rhynchobothrium ingens Derick, C. M., 1899 parasite of Carcharhinus obscurus (shark)

Rhombognathides seahami Linton, E.. 1 92_1 anaerobiosis Rhynchobothrium insigne Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 parasite of Carcharhinus commersonii Rhombognathides Linton, E., 1925 Hag, J., 1965 Rhynchobothrium lomentaceum Rhombus paru parasite of Mustelus canis Smith, H. M., 1898a Linton, E., 1889-1891 Rhombus tnacanthus Rhynchobothrium lo ngicome Smith, H. M., 1898a Linton. E.. 1889-1891 host for Distomum gulosum parasite of Carcharias littoralis Linton, E., 1901b Linton, E., 1898b parasites of parasite of Odontaspis littoralis Linton, E., 1901a Linton, E., 1889-1891 sporocyst of Linton, E., 1901b Rhynchobothrium longispine 158

Rhynchobothrium longispine Rocinela americana parasite of Trygon centrura Harger, O., 1880b Linton, E.. 1889-1891 Rock crabs Rhynchobothrium speciosum see Cancer Linton, E., 1897 Rocks Rhynchobothrium tenuicolle physical factors & animal distribution classification Allee, W. C, 1922c, 1923b Linton, E., 1889 Rock slaters parasite of Mustelus canis see Ligia Linton, E., 1889 - 1891 Rossia hyatti see also Rhynchobothrium bulbifer Verrill, A. E., 1880 Rhynchobothrium tenuispine Rotalia beccarii parasite of Dasyatis centrura Parker, F. L., 1952 Linton, E., 1898b Rotalia beccarii var. sobrina parasite of Trygon centrura Parker, F. L., 1952 Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Rotalia beccarii var. tepida Rhynchobothrium tumidulum Parker, F. L., 1952 parasite of Dasyatis centrura Running activity Linton, E., 1898b Lunar periodocity ilea pugnax parasite of Mustelus canis Bennett, M. F. & F. A. Brown, Jr., Linton, E., 1889-1891 1959a, 1959b Rhynchobothrium wagneri Sabella microphthalma parasite of Trygon centrura Hartman, 0., 1942a Linton, E., 1889-1891 Verrill, A. E., S. L Smith & 0. Harger, Rhynchocoela 1873 Coe, W. R., 1899 behavior Meinkoth, M. A., 1956 Hargitt, C. W., 1906a Ropes, J. W., 1963 hermaphroditism Thompson, C. B., 1900a. 1900b Gregory, L. H., 1905 Verrill, A. E., 1888-1892b Sabella picta anatomy Verrill. A. E.. 1880-1886 Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Sabellaria vulgaris classification Verrill, A. E., S. L Smith & 0. Harger, Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1897 1873 development reproduction Hiirstadius, S., 1937 Waterman, A. J., 1934 morphology Sabinea sarsii Coe, W. R. & S. C. Ball, 1920 Smith, S. L, 1878-1882 new species Sagartia abyssicola Coe, W. R., 1895 Hargitt, C. W., 1914 parasites of Malacostraca Sagartia leucolena Coe, W. R., 1902a, 1902b behavior Ropes, J. W., 1963 Hargitt, C. W., 1907 Ribbed mussels Sagartia luciae see Modiolus demissus Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Ribbon worms Verrill, A. E., 1898 see Nemertea behavior Robinsons Hole Hargitt, C. W., 1907 Davis, B. M., 1913b winter effects on Roccus americanus Parker, G. H., 1919 host for Echinorhynchus agilis Sagartia modest a Linton, E., 1892a Hargitt, C. W., 1914 host for Echinorhynchus thecatus Sagitta Linton, E., 1892a host for Distomum ocreatum Roccus lineatus Linton, E., 1927 Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Sagitta elegans

host for Distomum rufoviride Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, Linton, E., 1898c 1873 host for Distomum tenue Salinity Linton, E., 1898c Anraku, M., 1962, 1964 host for Echinorhynchus proteus Bigelow, H. B., 1915, 1917, 1922, 1927 Linton, E., 1889, 1892a (1891), 1894, Bigelow, H. B. & M. Sears, 1935 1898a Day, C. G., 1963 Roccus saxatilis, fishery Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Rocinela Harger, O., 1880b 159 Sandy Neck

Salinity Salt marsh Deevey, G. B., 1948 Foraminifera Fish, C. J., 1925, 1928 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Galtsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch & H. C. Malaclemys terrapin McMillin, H. C, 1930 Bangs, 0., 1897 Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 nematode ecology Parker, F. L., 1952 Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1961 Scheltema, R. S., 1965 nudibranch fauna Sumner, F. B., R. C. Osborn, L. J. Cole Russell, H. D., 1946 & B. M. Davis, 1913 peat sediments density Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962c, 1962b U. S. Fish Commission, 1898 terrestrial heat-flow distribution Redfield, A. C, 1965b, 1965c Pocasset River Salt Pond Sanders, H. L., P. C. Mangelsdorf & Dinophyceae, unarmoured G. R. Hampson, 1965 Hulburt, E. M., 1957 effect phytoplankton algal physiology Hulburt, E. M., 1963 McLachlan, J., 1961 Salt ponds animal distribution Copepoda AUee, W. C, 1922c, 1923b Cobb, N. A., 1928 fish Nematoda Sumner, F. B., 1906b Cobb, N. A., 1928 Polinices feeding parasites in Hanks, J. E., 1952 Cobb, N. A., 1928 respiration Salt spray Shoup, C. S., 1932 plant community ecology estuary Barnstable Dunes Barlow, J. P., 1955, 1956 Boyce, S. G., 1952, 1954 Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & G. C. Sand Whiteley, G. C, Jr., 1956 flying influence on Nereis beach erosion by Sayles, L. P., 1935 Julien, A. A., 1902 interstitial water & mud grain sizes Siever, R., R. M. Garrels, J. Kanwisher & Lutz. H. J., 1941 R. A. Berner, 1961 movements seawater Mitchell, H., 1887

Page, 1. H., 1927, 1928 plains, outer Cape tolerance to, Merostomata Grabau, A. W., 1879 Pearse, A. S., 1928 Sand crabs tolerance to, Oligochaeta see Emerita talpoida Pearse, A. S., 1928 Sand dollars Salmo salar see Echinarachnius parma Smith, H. M., 1898a Sand dune plants Salvelinus Moul, E. T., 1964 Thompson, J. H., 1881 Sand dunes Salvelinus fontinalis Provincetown Smith, H. M., 1898a Lutz, H. J., 1941 Verrill, A. E., 1897 reclamation fishery Westgate, J. M., 1904 Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Sand moles MuUan, J. W., 1958 see Emerita talpoida Salpa caboti Sand shrimp Desor, E., 1851d see Crangon Salpa cordiformis Sand spit morphology Barnstable Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Redfield, A. C, 1965a Salpa cylindrica Sandy Neck morphology beach studies Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Salpidae 1954 morphology Zeigler, J. M., 1960 Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Zeigler, J. M., et al, 1961 Salt marsh Foraminifera Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Sankaty Head, Nantucket 160

Sankaty Head, Nantucket Sciaenops ocellatus fossils Smith, H. M., 1898a Wilson, J. H., 1905 Scianidae Pleistocene Smith, H. M., 1898a Cushman, J. A., 1904b, 1905, 1906c Scientific investigations post Pleistocene deposits & fossils 1888 Merrill, F., 1896 Ryder, J. A., 1892 Sapphirina gemma 1923 Sharpe ,R. W., 1911 Coker, R. E., 1924 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 FISH HAWK Saprolaelaps subtil is 1880, 1881, 1882 Hag, J., 1965 Rathbun, R., 1883 Sarcodina 1886 Cushman, J. A., 1920 Smith, R., Parker, F. L., 1952 HALYCON Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Anonymous, 1889 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Smith, J. A., 1889b Foraminifera U. S. Fish Commission Lidz, L., 1965 Bureau of Fisheries, Woods Hole

distribution Smith, S. I. & R. Rathbun, 1882 Cushman, J. A., 1908, 1944 Sumner, F. B., 1904, 1905, 1908 new species Scionopsis palmata

Butcher, W. S., 1948 Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harger , parasitic 1873 Renn, C. E., 1935, 1936b Scolecolepis viridis Sarcoptiformes Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, Hag, J., 1965 1873 Sarda sarda development Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Mead, A. D., 1897 host for Gasterostomum arcuatum Scolex polymorphus Linton, E., 1901a Linton, E., 1934c host for larval cestode life history Linton, E., 1901a Curtis, W. C, 1911 parasites of Scoliodon terrae-novae Linton, E., 1901a Radcliffe, L., 1916 Sargassum filipendula Scoloplus fragilis morphology Hartman, 0., 1942a Simons, E. B., 1906 Scomber dekaye SarStella americana physiology-temperature Cushman, J. A., 1906b Kidder, J. H., 1879 Sarsiella zostericola Scomber grex Cushman, J. A., 1906b Atwood, N. E., 1866b Scale worms Scomber scombrus see Polynoidae, Sigalionidae Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Scallops fishery see Aequipecten, Pecten Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Scaphosphora kingii host for Rhynchobothnum imparispine larvae Farlow. W. G.. 1882b Linton, E., 1923 Scarius croicensis temperature Smith, H. M., 1902a Kidder, J. H., 1879 Schooling behavior Scomber vernalis current orientation as stimulus Atwood, N. E., 1865, 1866b Shaw, E., 1958b behavior development Blake, J. H., 1871 Shaw, E., 1958a, 1960, 1961 migrations light intensity & dispersal Blake, J. H., 1871 Shaw, E., 1961 Scomberesox saurus ontogeny Smith, H. M., 1898a Shaw, E., 1957 behavior visual attraction as a stimulus to Blake, J. H., 1871 Shaw, E., 1957 migrations Schizoporella biaperta Blake, J. H., 1871 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Scomberesox storerii Schizoporella unicornis behavior Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Blake, J. H., 1871 161 Sebastes fasciatus

Scomberesox storerii Sea level migrations accompanying hurricanes Blake, J. H., 1871 Redfield, A. C. & A. R. Miller, 1955, 1957 Scomberomorous maculatus of Cape Beaches Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1951 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 1957 ScomberomoTus regalis Sea mice parasites of see Aphroditidae Linton, E., 1901a Sea peach Scombri dae see Boltenia, Styela Smith, H. M., 1898a Sea pens Scopthalamus aquosus see Pennatulacea physiology, color change Sea pork Scott, G. T., 1965 see Amaroucium Scorpaena grandicorn Sea roughness Smith, H. M., 1901 Seiwell, H. R., 1948 Scorpaena grandicomis Sea serpent Smith, H. M., 1899a Schroeder, W. C, 1939 Scorpaena plumieri Sea slugs Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b see (mostly) Nudibranchia Screens, mesh opening in benthic studies Sea squirts Driscoll, A. L., 1964 see Tunicata, Ascidiacea Scruparia ambigua Sea stars Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 see Asteroidea Scruparia clavata Sea urchins Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 see Echinoidea Scud Sea walnut see various gammarid Amphipoda see Pleurobrachia Scyphacella arenicola Sea water Harger, 0., 1880a antibiosis Scyphididae Saz, A. K., 1963 new genus & species buffer capacity Rudzinska, \1. A., 1947 Mitchell, P. H. & N. W. Rakestraw, 1933 Scyphozoa cation analysis Desor, E., 1851d Shanklin, D. R., 1954 breeding chemical composition

Mead, A. D., 1898 Page, I. H., 1927, 1928 development influence of organisims on Hargitt, C. W. & G. T. Hargitt, 1910 Redfield, A. C, B. H. Ketchum & F. A. McMurnch, J. P., 1891b Richards, 1963 distribution composition Hargitt, C. W., 1902b, 1905a Shanklin, D. R., 1954 morphology copper content Hargitt, C. W., 1905c Galtsoff, P. S., 1943 Sea anemones organic nitrogen see Actinaria Von Brand, T. & N. W. Rakestraw, 1940, Sea clams 1941 see Spisula solidissima Von Brand, T., N. W. Rakestraw & C. E. Sea cucumbers Renn, 1937, 1939 see Holothuroidea Von Brand, T., N. W. Rakestraw & J. W. Sea egg Zabor, 1942 see sea urchins, especially Strongylocentrotus salinity

drobachiensis Pii^e. 1. H., 1927, 1928 Sea float Seasonal changes see Velella mutica light penetration Sea gooseberry Clarke, G. L., 1938 see Pleurobrachia Seasonal distribution in Vineyard Sound Sea lettuce Lillick, L. C, 1937 see Ulva Seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton Sea level Riley, G. A., 1947 Deevey, E. S., Jr., 1948 Sebastes fasciatus Horner, N. G., 1929 Gill, T., 1863 Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1963 Storer, D. H., 1856 Redfield, A. C, 1965a Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962a, 1962b Sebastes marinus 162

Sebastes marinus Seirospora griffithsiana

Smith, H. M., 1898a Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Sedimentation Seismic investigations Redfield, A. C, 1965a Oldale, R. N. & C. R. Tuttle, 1962 Trowbridge, A. C. & F. P. Shepard, Oldale, R. N., C. R. Tuttle & L. W. 1932 Currier, 1962 Sediments Tuttle, C. R., 1961 Butler, P., 1959 Seismology Fuller, M. L., 1906a Leet, L., 1935 Gulliver, F. P., 1904 Oldale, R. N. & C. R. Tuttle, 1964 Hitchcock, E., 1824 Selachians Hoskins, H. & S. T. Knott, 1961 new species Hough, J. L., 1940, 1942 Garman, S., 1886 Lee, R. E., 1944 Selene vomer Lidz, L., 1954 MacCoy, C. V., 1934 Lieberman, L. N., 1948 Sense of smell in fish Manheim, F. T., J. V. A. Trumbull, Parker, G. H. & R. E. Sheldon, 1914 A. R. Tagg Si J. Hulsemann, 1964 Seriola dumerili

Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1958, 1964 Mather, F. J., Ill, 1952 Moore, J. R., 1963 Seriola fasciata Northrop, J., 1951 Mather, F. J., Ill, 1952 Parker, F. L., 1952 Seriola zonata Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Firth, F. E., 1931 Sanders, H. L., 1958-1960 Mather, F. J., Ill, 1952 Schlee, J., E. Uchupi & J. V. A. Trumbull, Serpula dianthus

1964 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger , Scudder, S. H., 1877 1873 Shaler, N. S., J. B. Woodworth & C. F. Serranidae Marbutt, 1896 Smith, H. M., 1898a Sumner, F. B., R. C. Osborn, L. J. Cole Serranus atrarius & B. M. Davis, 1913 embryology Wadworth, J. B., 1897 Wilson, H. v., 1891a Wieser, W., 1960 food of

Wigley, R. L., 1961, 1963b Peck, J. I.. 1896 Wilson, J. H., 1905 host for Echinorhynchus serrani Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Linton, E., 1892a (1891) 1954a, 1954b Serranus furvus Zeigler, J. M., 1960 Verrill, A. E., 1897 Zeigler, J. M. & B. Oostdam, 1960 Serrasentis sagittifer Zeigler, J. M., S. D. Tuttle, H. J. Tasha host for Echinorhynchus sagittifer ft G. S. Giese, 1964, 1965 Linton, E., 1932 Eocene, in subsurface of Cape Cod Serripes laperousii Zeigler, J. M., W. S. Hoffmeister, G. Giese Wilson, J. H., 1905 & H. Tasha, 1960 Sertularia argentea mud Desor, E., 1851a bacteria U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Reuszer, H. W., 1933 Sertularia filicula recent Desor, E., 1851a Siever, R., et al, 1961 Sertularia plumea organic matter Desor, E., 1851a Ryder, J. A., 1885 Sertularia stookeyi Waksman, S. A., 1933 Eraser, C. M., 1912 plankton decomposition Sertularia versluysi Renn, C. E., 1940 Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Quaternary Sesarma reticulatum Groot, C. R. & J. J. Groot, 1964 Cushman, J. A., 1906a reworking by Yolidia limatula Setella gracilis Rhoads, D. C, 1963 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 salt marsh Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962a, 1962b Sex cells, origin submarine Hydractinia Livingstone, D. A., 1964 Bunting, M., 1894 tidal flats, bacterial sulfate reduction in Podocoryne carnea Berner, R. A., 1963 Bunting, M., 1894 transport Sex characteristics Zeigler, J. M., et al, 1965 Isopoda Reinhard, E. G., 1949 163 Solenopharynx oculatus

Sex determination Sigalion arenicola Arbacia Hartman, O., 1942a Harvey, E. B., 1939c, 1953 Verrill, A. E., 1880, 1886 Crepidula Silicoflagellatae Wilczynski, J. Z., 1955 Margalef, R., 1960a Sex inversions seasonal distribution Teredo navalis Lillick, L. C, 1937 Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936b Sipho islandicus Sex ratios Wilson, J. H., 1905 Teredo Siphodera vinaledwardsii Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936b parasite of Batrachus tau Sharks Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1941 Allen, G. M., 1921 parasite of Opsanus tau Anonymous, 1937 Manter, H. W., 1926 Putnam, F. W., 1874 Siphonoecetes cuspidatus

I. attacking man Verrill, A. E., S. Smith & 0. Harger , Gudger, E. W., 1936 1873 at Monomoy Siphonostoma Witman & Lee Co., 1928 parasitic fatal, Buzzards Bay Rathbun, R., 1885 Gudger, E. W., 1950 Siphonotestales tiger Margalef, R., 1960a Anonymous, 1916 Siphostoma fuscum Shell mounds, aboriginal Smith, H. M., 1898a Baird, S. F., 1882 Sipunculoidea Shell orientation behavior Nagle, J. S., 1964b Miner, R. W., 1912 Shells, molluscan Sipunculus bemhardus differential sorting in swash zone Desor. E., 1851a Nagle, J. S., 1964a Sirolpidium bryopsidis Shellfish investigations Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Turner, H. J., Jr., 1951 Size analyses Shellfish resources Moore, J. R., 1963 improvement Skeleton shrimp Turner, H. J., Jr., 1949b see Caprellidae Shellfishery Skeletonema Pecten pigments Posgay, J. A., 1950, 1953 Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Shipworms productivity see Bankia, Teredo Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Shoaling waves Skeletonema costatum Miller, R. L. & J. M. Ziegler, 1964 physiological ecology Shoals Curl, H., Jr. & G. C. McLeod, 1961 U. S Coast & Geodetic Survey, 1884b polysaccharides of

U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey ( A. D. Lewis, R. A., 1955 Bache) 1847 seasonal distribution Shore processes Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Marindin, H. L., 1889, 1890, 1894a Systematics, invertebrate Shoreline Verrill, A. E., 1873 changes Smittina trispinosa Chute, N. E., 1946 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Gulliver, F. P., 1909 Soft corals Whiting, H. L., 1872 see Alcyonaria, Alcyonium carneum erosion Soft shelled clams Gulliver, F. P., 1904 see \1ya arenaria evolution of Soft shelled crabs post-moult Jones, W. F. & J. B. Lucke, 1951 see Callinectes sapidus Kemp, J. M. & W. S. Butcher, 1952 Solen ensis Mitchell, H., 1872 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 geomorphologv Solenidae Gulliver, F. P., 1904 Smith, H. M., 1898a Short finned squid fossil see Ilex lUacebrosus Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Siboglinum Solenopharynx flavidus Wigley, R. L., 1963b Jones, E. R., 1938 Siboglinum ekmant Solenopharynx oculatus Wigley, R. L., 1963b Jones, E. R., 1938 Sorocarpus uvaeformis 164

Sorocarpus uvaeformis Sphyraenidae Collins, F. S., 1896 Smith, H. M., 1898a Sorting, sediments Sphyma zygaena Wigley, R. L., 1961a Fowler, H. W., 1917 Sound, reflection from bottom Smith, H. M., 1898a Liebermann, L. N., 1948 host for Alebion crassus Sow & Pigs Reef Wilson, C. B., 1932 algae host for Anthocheilus nidifex Davis, B. M., 1913b Linton, E., 1934c Sparidae host for Krfiyeria papillipes Smith, H. M., 1898a Wilson, C. B., 1932 Sparisoma flavescens host for Otobothrium crenacolle Smith, H. M., 1902a Linton, E., 1889-1891 Spathebothnum simplex host for Platybothrium parasite of Liparis liparis Linton, E., 1901a Linton, E., 1922b, 1941 host for Spiroptera pectinifer parasite of Microgadus tomcod Linton, E., 1901b Linton, E., 1941 host for Thysanocephalum thysanocephalum Spawning Linton, E., 1934c fish parasites of Sherwood, S. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Linton, E., 1901a menhaden Spider crabs Rathbun, R., 1894 see Libinia, Pelia Thyone briareus Spinax acanthias Colwin, L. H., 1948 Lyman, T., 1861 SPEEDWELL Spindle Rock station data algae Tanner, Z. L., 1882 Davis, B. M., 1913b Spelotrema nicolli Spio limnicola cercaria parasite of Bittium altematum Verrill, A. E.. 1880-1886 Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, Spio rathbuni 1940 Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 life history Spio robusta

Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harger, 1940 1873 metacercaria parasite of Callinectes sapidus Spio setosa Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944

1940 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger , Spermatozoids, Fucus 1873 Robbins, W. J., 1916 Spionidae Spermothamnion turneri Plaine, H. L., 1952 development of holdfasts new species Derick, C. M., 1899 Moore, J. P., 1907b Sphacelaria fusca Spiophane s tenuis Collins, F. S., 1908b Verrill. A. E.. 1880-1886 Sphaeroma quadridentatum Spiophanes verrilli Harger, 0., 1880a Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Sphaerosyllis brevifrons Spinalis gouldii Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Stimpson, W., 1854b Sphaerosyllis l ongicirrata Spiroptera pectinifer Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 parasite of Sphyrna zygaena Spheroides maculatus Linton, E., 1901b behavior Spirorbis borealis Parker, G. H., 1912 anatomy host for Bianium plicitum Schively, M. A., 1897 Linton, E., 1934c development host for Distomum vibex Schively, M. A., 1897 Linton, E., 1901a Spirorbis spirillum host for Lintonia vibex Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944 Linton, E., 1934c Spirostomum parasites of geotropism Linton, E., 1901a Kanda, S., 1914 Spheroides spengleri Spisula solidissima Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1899a amino acid uptake Sphyraena borealis Stephens, G. C. & R. A. Schinske, 1961 Fowler, H. W., 1917 165 Stephanostomum tenue

Spisula solidissima Squilla empusa

fo s s i 1 behavior Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 larvae ligament, mechanics Welsh, J. H., 1933 Hunter, W. R. & D. C. Grant, 1962 larvae Splash zone Smith, S. I., 1873 plant community, Barnstable dunes morphology Boyce, S. G., 1952, 1954 Bigelow, R. P., 1941 Sponges sexual dimorphism see Porifera Bigelow, R. P., 1941 new species Starfish eggs Hyatt, A., 1878 development Spongia sulphurea Tennent, D. H. & M. J. Hogue, 1906 Desor, E., 1851e Starfishes Spongia urceolata see Asteroidea Desor, E., 1851e Station data ALBATROSS Spongiobothrium variabile Tanner, Z. L., 1885, 1886, 1887, 1889 parasite of Dasyatis centrura Station data SPEEDWELL Linton, E., 1898b Tanner, Z. L., 1882 parasite of Trygon centrura Staurocephalus caecus Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Spore mother cell Stauronereis Davis, B. M., 1899 Peck, J. I., 1896 Sporocyst Stegophryxus hypius in Hydroides dianthus life cycle Linton, E., 1915d Reinhard, E. G., 1949 parasite of Rhombus triacanthus parasite of Pagurus longicarpus Linton, E., 1901b Thompson. VI. T.. 1902 Sporozoa sex characteristics parasitic Reinhard, E. G., 1949 Calkins, G. N., 1915 Stellwagen bank Hahn, C. W., 1915, 1917, 1918 geomorphology Linton, E., 1901b Zeigler, J. M. & B. Oostdam, 1960 Spyridia filamentosa Stenhelia arenicola development of holdfasts Wilson. C. B.. 1932 Derick, C. M., 1899 Stenocaris arenicola Squalus acanthias Wilson. C. B.. 1932 Smith, H. M., 1898a Stenothoe cypris parasites of Holmes. S. J.. 1905 Linton, E., 1901a Stenothoe minula physiology digestive tract Holmes. S. J., 1905 Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Stenotomus argyprops placoid scales natural history Sayles, L. P. & S. G. Hershkowitz, 1937 Baird, S. F., 1873b reproductive Stenotomus chrysops Hisaw, F. L. & A. Albert, 1947 Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 temperature Verrill, A. E., 1897 Kidder, J. H., 1879 behavior Square backed fiddler crab Parker, G. H., 1912 see Sesarma reticulatum development Squatina dumerili larval Smith, H. M., 1922 Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Squatina squatina embryology Smith, H. M., 1898a Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Squibnocket Cliff host for Distomum palynology Linton, E., 1901a Ogden, J. G., 1963 host for Pontobdella rapax Squid, common Linton, E., 1901b see Loligo pealei morphology, optic Squilla Parker, G. H., 1903 breeding parasites of Thompson, M. T., 1899 Linton, E., 1901a Squilla empusa Stephanostomum dentatum behavior Stunkard, H. W., 1961 Bigelow, R. P., 1941 Stephanostomum tenue Linton, E., 1934c Stephanostomum tenue 166

Stephanostomum tenue Stromateus triacanthus life cycle as food for Cynoscion regale Martin, W. E., 1939 Peck, J. I., 1896 parasite of Nassa obsoleta Strongylura marina Martin, W. E., 1939 host for Ancyrocephalus parvus Stemaspis Linton, E., 1942 development host for Axine gracilis Child, C. M., 1900 Linton, E., 1942 Sthenelais gracilis Stye la partita Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944 Illg, P. L., 1955 Sthenelais leidyi development Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944 Bertholf, L. M., 1945 Sthenelai s picta Bertholf, L. M. & S. 0. Mast, 1944 Vernll, A. E., 1880-1886 Sty loche iron carinatum

VerriU, A. E., S. t. Smith & 0. Harger , Hansen, H. J., 1915 1873 Stylochoplana angusta Stiliger fuscata Hyman, L., 1939 Pasque salt marsh pools Stylochoplana oculifera Russell, H. D., 1946 classification Stilophora rhizodes Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Collins, F. S., 1891 Stylochoysis zebra Stolephorus argyrophanus Verrill. A. E.. 1882a, 1882b Smith, H. M., 1898a Stylochromonas minuta Stolephorus mitchilli Lackey, J. B., 1940 Swain, J., 1883 Stylochus and oyster spat Stolephorus perfasciatus Provenzano, A. J., Jr., 1961 Swain, J., 1883 Stylochus ellipticus Stolonization Hvman, L. H., 1939 Autolytus varians Stylochus frontalis Mensch, P. C, 1900 Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Stomatopoda Verrill. A. E.. 1888-1892c classification Stylochus zebra Bigelow, R. P., 1941 Hyman, L. H., 1939 Stony or true coral Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 see Astrangia danae, Madreporaria Sub-bottom topography Storms Stellwegan Bank Chute, N. E., 1946 Zeigler, J. M. & B. Oostdam, 1960 Perley, S., 1891 Submarine topography Stratigraphy U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey, 1884a, Kaye, C. A., 1963 1884b, 1885. 1887 Knox, A., 1952 Suberitechinus hispidus Koteff, C. & J. E. Cotton, 1962 de Laubenfels, M. W., 1949 Lyell ,C., 1844 Suberites compacta Merrill, F. J. H., 1890 Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harger, Ogden, J. G.,III, 1963 1873 Scudder, S. H., 1877 Suberites domunculus Shalor, N. S., 1889b de Laubenfels, M. W., 1949 Wadworth, J. B., 1897 Subsidence, post-glacial Wilson, J. H., 1905 Bartlett, H. H., 1909, 1911 Streblonema parasiticum Substrate, effect epiphytic on Cystoclonium purpurascens planktonic Nassarius veligers Collins, F. S., 1906 Scheltema, R. S., 1956, 1961 Streblospio benedicti Subsurface of Cape Cod development, larval Eocene sediments Campbell, M. A., 1957 Zeigler, J. M., W. S. Hoffmeister, Streblus beccarii G. Giese & H. Tasha, 1960 Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Succession, ecological Strenuella phytoplankton fossil Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Hollick, C. A., 1902 plant Streptosylli s arenae Chrysler, M. A., 1905 Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Suctoria

Striate I la new species Peck, J. I., 1896 Root, F. M., 1922 Striped anemones Sulfur sponges see Haliplanella luciae see Cliona 167 Systematics-Ecology Program

Summer squid Synbothrium malleum see Ilex illacebrosus parasite of Dasybatis centrura Sun fish Linton, E.. 1925 Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 Syncoelidium pellucidum Surf clams VerriU, A. E., 1892-1895 see Spisula solidissima Wheeler, W. M., 1894 Surirella Syndesmobothrium Peck, J. I., 1896 larvae Survey, calanoid copepods Linton, E., 1894 Carter, J. C. H., 1964 Syndesmobothrium filicolle Swash zone parasite of Trygon centrura differential sorting, shells Linton, E., 1889-1891 Nagle, J. S., 1964a Syngnathus fuscus Swimming exchange by tidal currents see behavior Williams, G. C, 1960 Sycotypus host for Anisoporus manteri Wheeler, W. M., 1894a Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1940,1941 breeding Syngnathus peckianus Mead, A. D., 1898 Lyman, T., 1861 Thompson, M. T., 18QQ Synodontium fecundum Sycotypus canaliculatus Cobb, N. A., 1920 host for Planocera inquilina Synodus foetens Wheeler, W. M., 1894a Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1951 Syliidae Smith, H. M., 1898a new species Synonomy Pettibone, M. H., 1956 Balanus proteus Stylida vitrea Cushman, J. A., 1904a VerriU, A. E.. 1872 Synapta Syllides convoluta Clarke, H. L., 1901 Webster. H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Syracosphaera Syllides setosa pigments VerriU, A. E., 1882a, 1882b Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Syllides verrilli productivity Moore, J. P., 1907a Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Syllis Syracosphaera carterae breeding physiology Mead, A. D., 1898 McLachlan, J., 1961 Symbiosis Syscenus infelix Astranifia danae & zooxanthellae Harger, 0., 1880b Boschma, H., 1925 Systematics Endeis spinosus & Obelia dichotma Adams, C. B.. 1839a, 1839b, 1841a, 1841b Cole, L. J., 1910" Bigelow ,H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1953 Hydractinia echinata Bigelow, H. B. & W. W. Welsh, 1925 Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 Hydractinia & Pagurus Carriker, M. R., 1964, 1965 Bunting, M., 1894 Clarke, H. L., 1908 Montacuta percompressa & Synapta inhaerens Coe, W. R., 1895 Gray, G. M., 1933 Collins, F. S., 1908c Synapta inhaerens Connolly, C. J., 1929 physiology Crowell, S., 1946 Clark, H. L., 1901 Cushman, J. A., 1920 symbiosis Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Montacuta percompressa Linton, E., 1932 Gray, G. M., 1933 Petersen, K. W., 1964 synonomy Sanders, H. L., 1963b Clark, H. L., 1901 Chlorophyta Synapta roseola Blum, J. L., 1960 physiology Gastropoda Clark, H. L., 1901 Winkley, H. W., 1909 synonomy George M. Gray Museum Clark, H. L., 1901 Carriker, M. R., 1964, 1965 Synbothrium filicolle Nematoda Linton, E., 1897 Cobb, N. A., 1920 Tunicata Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Systematics-Ecology Program Marine Biological Laboratory Carriker, M. R., 1964, 1965 Tachycentron canadum 168

Tachycentron canadum Tautogolabrus adspersus Smith, H. M., 1898a morphology, optic Taenia chamissonii Parker. G. H., 1903 parasite of Lagenorhychus acutus parasites of Linton, E., 1905 Linton, E., 1901a Taenia dilatata physiology parasite of Anguilla vulgaris Kidder, J. H., 1879 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Taxonomy Taeniocotvle see Systematics Norn. nov. foi Macraspis Olsson, 1869 Tectibranchia Stunkard, H. W., 1962b Merriman, D., 1937 Talorchestia longicornis Tealia crassicoms commensal host for Allosphaerium Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Tellimya ferruginosa commensal host for Chilodonella longipharynx Winkley, H. W., 1912 Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Tellina Talorchestia megalophthalma fossil behavior Lyell, C, 1844 Holmes, S. J., 1903a Tellina biplicata ecology fossil Platzman, S. J., 1960 Merrill, F. J. H., 1890 Tanystylum orbiculare Tellina tenella Wilson, E. B., 1880 Johnson, C. W., 1932 behavior Tellina tenera Cole, L. J., 1901 Johnson, C. W., 1932 Tarpon atlanticus Tellina tenta Say Radcliffe, L., 1916 Adams, C. B., 1841b Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Temora longicornis Smith, H. M., 1898a Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Tarpaulin Cove Wheeler, W. M., 1901 algae Temnodom Davis, B. M., 1913b Blake, J. H., 1871 Taunton River Temnodon saltator sea level Atwood, N. E., 1865 Deevey, E. S., Jr., 1948 behavior ^ migrations Tautoga onitis Blake, J. H., 1871 Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Temperature Smith, H. M., 1898a Anraku, M., 1962, 1964 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Bigelow, H. B., 1915, 1917, 1922, 1927 Verrill, A. E., 1897 Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 behavior Day, C. G., 1960, 1963 Parker, G. H., 1912 Deevey, G. B., 1948 development Edwards, B. J., 1873 larval Edwards, R. L., R. Livingstone & P. E. Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Hamer, 1962 embryology Fish, C. J., 1925, 1928 Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Galtsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch & food of H. C. McMillin, 1930 Peck, J. L, 1896 Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 host for Microcotyle furcata Parker, F. L., 1952 Linton, E., 1942 Rathbun, R., 1883 host for Zoogonoides laevis Redfield, A. C, 1965b, 1965c Linton, E., 1942 Smith, S. I. & R. Rathbun, 1882 morphology, optic Sumner, F. B., R. C. Osborn, L. J. Cole Parker, G. H., 1903 & B. M. Davis, 1913 Tautogolabrus adspersus Taylor, W. R., H. B. Bigelow & H. W. Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Graham, 1957 Smith, H. M., 1898a U. S. Fish Commission, 1898 development U. S. Light House Board, 1873 larval cycle Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Bigelow, H. B., 1933 embryology Lillick, L. C, 1937 Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 food of Nycticorax nycticorax navicus Gross, A. 0., 1923 Tetrarhynchus 169 palliatus Temperature Tethys willcoxi effect distribution development of Crepidula Merriman, D., 1937 Gould, H. N., 1949 Tethys (Aplysia) wilcoxi peruiridis distribution distribution Allee, 1919, 1922a, 1923b, 1923c Gray, G. M., 1940b Great Pond Tethyum 1907-I912b Barlow, J. P., 1955 Van Name, W. G., hydranth formation Tethyum atlanticum Moore, J. A., 1939 Van Name. W. G.. 1907-1912b lethal, high Tetilla gravata Fraenkel, G., 1960 Hyatt, H.. 1878 morphology Tetrabothrius rudolphi Gabriel, M. L., 1942 Linton, E., 1924 Nantucket Tetradidemnum albidum vertical distribution Van Name, W. G.,1907a912a Emmons, G., 1947 Tetrqglene agilis parthenogenesis VerriU. A. E.. 1882a. 1882b Greeley, A. W.. 1902 Tetragonrus cuvieri respiration of planktonic diatoms Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1899a Ryther, J. H. & R. L. Guillard, 1962 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 summer heat budget Tetranarce occidentalis Ayers, J. C, 1965 Smith, H. W., 1898a ilea pugnax host for Calyptrobothrium Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & Linton, E., 1934c

M. I. Sandeen, 1953 host for Calyptrobothrium occidentale Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Linton, E., 1901a of Bennett & M. I. Sandeen, 1954 parasites winter effects Linton, E., 1901a Parker, G. H., 1919 physiology, digestive tract Tentacles, origin Sullivan. M. X.. 1908 Uonionemus Tetraodontidae Perkins, H. F., 1901 Smith. H. M., 1898a

Terebra j uvenicostata Tetrapterus Miocene host for Dibothnum manubriforme Brown. T. C, 1905 Linton, E., 1889, 1898b Teredo navalis Tetrarhynchidae hermaphroditism Linton, E., 1894 Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a Tetrarhynchobothrium natural history larvae in Cybium regale Grave, B. H., 1928 Linton. E., 1887 sex inversions & ratios Tetrarhynchobothrium bisulcatum Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936b classification sexual cycle Linton, E., 1889 Grave, B. H., 1942 Tetrarhynchus sexual rhythm, behavior larvae Coe, W. R., 1934, 1936a Linton, E.. 1894 Tergipes despectus Tetrarhynchus bicolor Russell, H. D., 1964 Linton. E., 1897 Terrestrial heat flow Tetrarhynchus bisulcatum Barnstable Harbor Linton, E., 1897 Redfield, A. C. 1965b, 1965c parasite of Carchanas obscurus Tertiary Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Brown, T. C, 1905 Tetrarhynchus elongatus Shaler, N. S., 1890 parasite of Wo/a rotunda VerriU, A. E., 1878 Linton. E., 1897 Tethys protea parasite of Mola mola Hahn, J., 1953 larval Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow & H. W. Linton, E., 1928 Graham, 1957 Tetrarhynchus palliatus parasite of Cestracion zygaena Linton. E., 1925 Tetrarhynchus repens 170

Tetrarhynchus repens Thyone briareus parasite of Mola retunda Gray, G. M., 1932 Linton, E., 1894 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Tetrarhynchus robustum autotomy parasite of Rhinoptera bonasus Pearse, A. S., 1909 Linton, E., 1898b behavior parasite of Trygon centrura Pearse, A. S., 1908 Linton. E.. 1889-1891 diurnal rhythm of geotropism Tetrarhynchus tenue Stier, T. J. B., 1933 parasite of Dasyatis centrura spawning Linton, E., 1898b Colwin, L. H., 1948 parasite of Trygon centrura Thyonidium glabrum Linton, E., 1889-1891 Ayres, W. 0., 1854 Tetrastemma catenulatum Thyonidium muscolosom anatomy Ayres, W. 0., 1854 Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Thysanocephalum classification parasite of Ommastrephes illecebrosus Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Linton, E., 1897 Tetrastemma vermiculum Thysanocephalum crispum anatomy anatomy Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Tetrastemma vittata classification Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Linton, E., 1889 Tetronarie occidentalis original physiology digestive tract Linton, E., 1889-1891 Sullivan, M. X., 1908 parasite of Galeocerdo maculatus Teuthis bahianus Linton, E., 1894 Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b parasite of Galeocerdo tigrinus Teuthis caeruleus Linton, E., 1898b, 1889-1891 Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b parasite of Galeocerdo maculatus Teuthis hepatus Linton, E., 1892b, 1894 Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b Thysanocephalum ridiculum Textularia earlandi parasite of Isurus dekayi Parker, P. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Linton, E., 1901b Textularia tenuisima Thysanocephalum thysanocephalum Parker, F. L., 1952 parasite of Galeocerdo articus Thais lapillus Linton, E., 1934c fossil parasite of Sphyma zygaena Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Linton, E., 1934c Thalassiosira nana Thysanoessa Hulburt, E. M., 1963 physiology seasonal distribution Rayment, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Thysanoessa gregaria Thalestris gibba Hansen, H. J., 1915 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Thysanoessa inermis Thaumastoma singulare Hansen, H. J., 1915 Webster. H. E. & J. E. Benedict. 1884 Thysanoessa longicaudata Theredid spider Hansen, H. J., 1915 light reactions Thysanoessa raschii Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1911 Hansen, H. J., 1915 Thracia couthouyi Thysanoessa parva Stimpson, W., 1854b Hansen, H. J., 1915 Thraciae formis Tiaropsis Storer, D. H., 1839 occurrence of Thraustochytrium proliferum Mead, A. D., 1898 Sparrow, F. K.. Jr., 1936 TidaK amplitude

Thunnus thynnus Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & growth N. Fingerman, 1952 Mather, F. J., Ill & H. A. Schuck, 1960 Tidal currents fishery exchange of fish by Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Williams, G. C, 1960 Thyone Tidal flats breeding sediments Mead, A. D., 1898 Berner, R. A., 1963 171 Trematoda

Tidal marshes Tomopteris helgolandica flora Moore, J. P., 1903b Fogg, J. M., 1930 Tooth succession location, Barnstable County Mustelus canis Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Ifft, J. D. & D. J Zinn, 1948 palynology Topography Butler, P., 1959 Brewster plants Simpkins, J., 1906 Moul, E. T., 1964 lower Cape Cod Pocassett Grabeau, A. W., 1899 Cyathura polita migrations shore-line Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske & J. R. Whiting, H., 1867 Comer, 1964 Wellfleet populational ecology of Cyathura polita Whitman, L., 1810 Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 Tomaria post glacial, sea levels, palynology growth Deevey, E. S., Jr., 1948 Morgan, T; H., 1891 sediments life history Butler, P., 1959 Agassiz, A., 1873 transition from fresh water bog to salt marsh metamorphosis Bartlett, H. H., 1909 Morgan, T. H., 1891 Vaucheria Tomatell a puncto-striata Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 Adams, C. B., 18 41a Tidal movements Torpedo Wilcox, B. W., 1958 Anonymous, 1926 Tidal nodes host for Tocotrema lingua Redfield, A. C. 1953 Linton, E., 1907c Tidal observations Torpedo occidentalis

Mitchell, H., 1854, 1855 Storer, D. H., 1843a , 1843b, 1844a, 1844b, Tides 1845, 1848a, 1848c Day, C. G., 1960 Tortanus discaudatus Marindin, H. L., 1894b Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Mitchell, H., 1857 grazing interference Anraku, N. & M. Omori, 1963 Mitchell, H., 1856 life history Woods Hole area Johnson, M. W., 1934 Redfield, A. C, 1953 morphology Tills, fossiliferous Anraku, M. Sc M. Omori, 1963 Sayles, R. W. & A. S. Knox, 1943 respiration Tilopteris mertensii Raymont, J. E. G., 1959 algae Tortanus setacaudatus Taylor, W. R., 1941 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Tima formosa Trace elements food for Gonionemus murbachii Moore, J. R., 1963 Gudger, E. W., 1934 Trachinocephalus my ops Tintinnus Smith, H. M., 1898a Ryder, J. A., 1885 Trachinotus goodei Tiphotrocha compnmata Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Trachurops crumenophthalmus Tisbe gracilis Firth, F. E., 1931 Yeatman, H. C, 1963 MacCoy, C. V., 1934 Tisbe wilsoni Trailiella intricata Seiwell, H. R., 1929 Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Tisbella pulchella Trap fishery Yeatman, H. C, 1963 Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Titration alkalinity of sea water and photo- Travisia carnea

synthesis Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & O. Harger , Taylor, W. R., 1960 1873 Tocotrema lingua Trebius tenuiforcatus adult stage in Gavia imber Rathbun, R., 1888 Linton, E., 1915e Trematoda parasite of Tautogolabrus adspersus Cable, R. M., 1954 Linton, E., 1915e Cable. R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1942 Tombolos Cable, R. M. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 Gulliver, F. P., 1909 Trematoda 172

Trematoda Trochammina macrescens Groto, S., 1899 Parker, F. L., 1952 Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Linton, E., 1898c, 1901b, 1915d, 1927, Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 1934a, 1942 Trochammina propria Manter, H. W., 1926 Cushman, J. A., 1944 Martin, W. E., 1938 Trochammina rotaliformis Miller, H. M., Jr. & F. E. Northup, 1926 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Stunkard, H. W., 1936, 1938, 1943, 1950a, Trochammina squamata 1950b, 1951, 1953, 1957, 1960, 1961, Parker, F. L. & D. W. Athearn, 1959 1962a, 1962b, 1964 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Stunkard, H. W. & R. M. Cable, 1932 Trochochaetidae Stunkard, H. W. & R. F. Nigrelli, 1930 Pettibone, M. H., 1963 Stunkard, H. W. & C. R. Siiaw, 1931 Truro development Graham, J. D., 1838 Martin, W. E., 1944 fossiliferous boulders Shaw, C. R., 1933 Crosby, W. C, 1881 of Gadus callarias geomorphology Hsiao, S. C, 1941 Crosby, W. 0., 1881 life history sand plains Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1940, Grabau, A. W., 1897 1943a, 1943b Trygon centrura Martin, W. E., 1939, 1940 host for Acanthobothrium paulum Trichiurus lepturus Linton, E., 1889-1891 Gray, G. M., 1939b host for Anthocephalum gracile Linton, E., 1889-1891 Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 host for Caligus rapax Smith, H. M., 1898a Rathbun, R., 1885 Triangulumonas rigida host for Lecanicephalum peltatum Lackey, J. B., 1940 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Trichobranchus glacialis host for Parataenia medusia Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Tricladida host for Phyllobothnum Joliatum Wheeler, W. M., 1894b Linton, E., 1889-1891 Trigonoporus dendriticus host for Rhinebothrium flexile Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Verrill. A. E.. 1888-1892c host for Rhynchobothrium hispidum Trigonoporus folium Linton, E., 1889-1891 Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 host for Rhynchobothrium longispine Trigonostomum marki Linton, E., 1889-1891 Graff, L. V., 1911 host for Rhynchobothrium tenuispine Trilepta guttata Linton, E., 1889-1891 Cobb, N. A., 1920 host for Rhynchobothrium wagneri Triloculina brevidentata Linton, E., 1889-1891 Cushman, J. A., 1944 host for Spongiobothrium vanabile Parker, F. L., 1952 Linton, E., 1889-1891 Tristomum coccineum host for Syndesmobothrium jilicolle parasite of Xiphias gladius Linton, E., 1889-1891 Linton, E., 1898c host for Tetrarhynchus robustum Tristomum laeve Linton, E., 1889-1891 parasite of Gymnosarda pelamys host for Tetrarhynchus tenue Linton, E., 1898c Linton, E., 1889-1891 Tristomum rudolphianum Trygon hastata parasite of Mola mola Storer, D. H., 1844a, 1848a Linton, E., 1898c Trypanosoma raiae Trochammina compacta parasite of Raia ocellata Parker, F. L., 1952 Kudo, R., 1923 Trochammina inflata Tube worms Parker, F. L., 1952 see various sedentary Polychaeta Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Tubifex benederi Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton 1950 Moore, J. P., 1905b Trochammina lobata Tubifex hamatus Cushman, J. A., 1944 Moore, J. P., 1905b Parker, F. L., 1952 Tubifex irroratus Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Moore, J. P., 1905b 173 Uca

Tubular la Turbellaria hydranth autotomy feeding Morse, M., 1909 Jennings regeneration Goldin, A., 1942 resistence to x-rays Watt, D. J., 1955 Tubulari a crassa Fraser, C. M., 1943 Tubularia crocea Fraser, C. M., 1912 hydranth formation Moore, J. A., 1939 Tubularia parasitica on Corymorpha pendula Hargitt, C. W., 1902a Tunicata Desor, E., 1851d Verrill, A. E., 1871a, 1871b, 1873, 1880, 1886 behavior Grave, C, 1941a Watterson, R. L., 1945 feeding J^rgensen, C. B., 1952 larval Grave, C, 1920 Woodbridge, H., 1924 development Bertholf, L. M., 1945 Bertholf, L. M. & S. 0. Mast, 1944 Jackson, S. F., 1958 Scott, F. M., Sister, 1942, 1945-1952 fertilization Morgan, T. H., 1941 fouling Parker, G. H., 1924 metamorphosis Grave, C, 1941b larval Woodbridge, H., 1924 morphology Metcalf. M. M., 1895 Willey, A., 1901 physiology Grosch, D. S. & Z. H. Smith, 1957 Turbellaria Hyman, L., 1952 Jones, E. R., 1938 Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939

Peck, J. I., 1896 Provenzano, A. J., U., 1961 Verrill, A. E., 1882a, 1888-1892c,, 1892-1895 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & O. Harger 1873 Wheeler, W. M., 1894a, 1894b commensalism Linton, E., 1910c development Gardner, E. G., 1895 Patterson, J. T., 1912 Surface, F. M., 1907 distribution Bush, L., 1964 Hyman, L. H., 1939 Uca 174_

Uca Uca pugnax periodicity motor activity Barnwell, F. H. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1963 Bennett, M. F., J. Shriner & R. A. Brown, Brown, F. A., Jr. & M. N. Hines, 1952 1957 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & N. respiration Fingerman, 1952 Webb, H. M. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1958

Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & 1961 C. L. Ralph, 1954 temperature Brown, F. A., Jr. & G. C. Stephens, 1951 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & M. I. Bro\yn, F. A., Jr. & H. M. Webb, 1949 Sandeen, 1953 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. Bennett & M. I. Sandeen, 1954 Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1953 Fingerman, N., 1956, 1957b Ulva lactuca Stephens, G. C, J. P. Green, B. radioactive zinc uptake Guttman & R. A. Schinske, 1958 Gutknecht, J., 1961 Webb, H. M. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1965 Uncatena Pond temperature Dinophyceae, unarmoured Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Bennett & M. I. Sandeen, 1954 phytoplankton tidal amplitude Hulburt, E. M., 1963 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & N. Unciola irrorata Fingerman, 1952 Smith, S. I., 1877-1882C Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Unconformities Bennett & M. I. Sandeen, 1954 Woodworth, J. B., 1897 ilea pugilator Uplift, post glacial Cushman, J. A., 1906a Fairchild, H. L., 1919 behavior Uronychia setigera Pearse, A. S., 1914a, 1914b Calkins, G. N., 1902 burrowing Urophycis chuss Dembowski, J. B., 1926 larval stages heat tolerance & temperature relationships Miller, D. & R. R. Marak, 1959 Wilkens, J. L. & M. Fingerman, 1965 Urophycis tenuis life history feeding Hyman, 0. W., 1922 Herrick, C. J., 1903 Uca pugnax Urosalpinx Cushman, J. A., 1906a breeding behavior Mead, A. D., 1898 Pearse, A. S., 1914a, 1914b Urosalpinx cinerea color change accessory boring organ Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. Carriker, M. R. & D. van Gaudt, 1964 Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1953 hermaphroditism Green, J. P., 1964 Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a effects of pollution host for Parorchis avitus Claff, C. L., F. N. Sudak and V. Moloney, 1958 Cable, R. M. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 host for Gymnodinioides U. S. Fish Commission Trager, W., 1957 Woods Hole morphology Baird, S. F., 1889 Green, J. P., 1964 Galtsoff, P. S., 1962 periodicity Linton, E., 1915a, 1915b Bennett, M. F. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1959b dredging stations Bennett, M. J., J. Shriner & R. A. Smith, S. I. & R. Rathbun Brown, 1957 scientific investigations

Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & M. I . Collins, J. W., 1889 Sandeen, 1953 Rathbun, R., 1883 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & Ryder, J. A., 1892 H. M. Webb, 1954 Smith, J. A., 1889 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. Sumner, F. B., 1904, 1905, 1908 Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1953 Tanner, Z. L., 1882, 1885, 1886, 1887, Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & R. C. 1889 Graves, 1952 Valencinia rubens diurnal Coe, W. R., 1895 Stephens, G. C, 1955 Valrulineria sp. lunar Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Bennett, M. F. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1959a Vaucheria arcassonensis 1959b Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 175 Vineyard Sound

Vaucheria compacta Vineyard Sound Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 algae Vaucheria coronata Davis, B. M.. 1913a, 1913b Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 community organization Vaucheria intermedia AUee, W. C, 1934 Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 currents Vaucheria rninuta Haight, F. J., 1938 Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 Mitchell, H.. 1857 Vaucheria nasuta fauna Bernatowicz, A. J., 1958 Verrill, A. E., 1873, 1882a Vaucheria thuretii additions Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 Verrill, A. E., 1882b Vaucheria vipera distribution Blum, J. L., 1960 Verrill, A. E., 1871b Veliger larvae free-swimming or floating Anachis avara Verrill, A. E., 1873 Scheltema, R. S. & A. H. Scheltema, 1963 Foraminifera Nassarius Cushman, J. A., 1944 planktonic existence interference tides Scheltema, R. S., 1956 Mitchell, H., 1856 Venericardia invertebrates

fossil Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, Verrill, A. E., 1878 1873 Venericardia borealis distribution

McAlester, A. L., I. G. Speden & M. A. Allee, W. C, 1922d, 1923a Buzas, 1964 Malacostraca Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1964 Smith, S. I., 1873 fossil microbiology Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Saz, A. K., S. Watson, S. R. Brown & Venus D. L. Lowery, 1963 Teschemacher, J. E., 1851 nannoplankton fossil Yentsch, C. S. & J. H. Ryther, 1959 Sanford, S. N. F., 1934 nitrate, seasonal cycle of Venus mercenaria LiUick, L. C, 1937 Ropes, J. W., 1963 Ostracoda Winkley, H. W., 1907 Cushman, J. A., 1906b Asterias forbesi, mechanism employed to open phosphate, seaspnal cycle Burnett, A. L., 1960 Lillick, L.C., 1937 behavior, early stages physical features

Turner, H. J., Jr. & C. J. George, 1955 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, distribution c& abundance 1873 Ropes, J. W. & C. E. Martin, 1960 phytoplankton effect of power dredging Hellebust, J. A., 1965 Turner, H. J., Jr., 1957 Yentsch, C. S. & J. H. Ryther, 1959 fossil seasonal distribution of Merrill, F. J. H., 1890 Lillick, L. C, 1937 Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 plankton heat death, physiology Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 Orr, P. R., 1946 sand movements hermaphroditism Mitchell, H., 1887 Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a shoals light effects up6n U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey, 1884b Bennett, M. F., 1954 submarine topography periodicity U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey, 1887 Bennett, M. F., 1954 sunfish 27-day, daily, monthly Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. temperature, seasonal cycle Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Lillick, L. C, 1937 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & M. F. tides Bennett, 1955b Mitchell, H., 1854, 1857 Venus mercenaria var antiqua Redfield, A. C, 1953 Scudder, S. H., 1877 zooplankton Vertebrata seasonal production U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 Miocene Dall, W. H., 1894 Virbius zostericola 176

Virbius zostericola Wellfleet Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 sand plains breeding Grabau, A. W., 1897 Thompson, M. T., 1899 topography development larval Whitman, L., 1810 Smith, S. I., 1873 West Falmouth Vibrio intertidal algae Pabin, H. & F. B. Bang, 1964 Kingsbury, J. M., 1962 on Limulus polyphemus wave effects upon Smith, W. R., 1964 Kingsbury, J. M., 1960 Virgulina fusiformis West Yarmouth Parker, F. L., 1952 fauna Verticella Lyman, T., 1861 feeding Western Cape Cod Peck, J. I., 1896 Pleistocene geology Waquoit Bay Mather, K. F., R. P. Goldthwait & L. R. exchange of fish by tidal currents Theismeyer, 1940, 1942 Williams, G. C, I960 Whale lice fish landings from weir see Cyamidae (Caprellidae) Commissioners on Inland Fisheries, 1872 Whales Lyman, T., 1872a Brown, J. T., 1883 Wareham River spermaceti morphology oyster fishery Jackson, J. B. S., 1845 Galtsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch & H. C. whalebone of New England McMillin, 1930 Allen, G. M., 1916 Warnowia parva Whelks Hulburt, E. M., 1957 see Busycon, Thais Wasting disease White shrimp Zostera marina see Callianassa stimpsoni Renn, C. E., 1936b Winkles Water see Littorina density Winter Bigelow, H. B., 1915, 1917, 1922, 1927 effect on fauna and flora of Woods Hole Matthiessen, G. C, I960 Parker, R. W., 1934 interstitial of recent marine mud effects on Sargatia luciae Siever, R., R. M. Garrels, J. Kanwisher & Parker, G. H., 1919 R. A. Berner, 1961 Winter studies movement Irving, L., 1942 Barlow, J. P., 1955 Woods Hole Bumpus, D. F., 1961 Raymont, J. E. G., 1959 Bumpus, D. F. & G. C. Day, 1957 Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & G. C. Stunkard, H. W., 1953 Whitely, Jr., 1956 Acarina Fish, C. J., 1925, 1928 Hag, J., 1965 Haight, F. J., 1938 algae Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1964 Davis, B. M., 1913a, 1913b Rands Harbor Amphipoda Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & G. C. Holmes, S. J., 1905 Whitely, Jr., 1956 Anthozoa temperature Hargitt. C. W.. 1914 Day, C. G., I960 as site for biological farm Water soluble yellow substances and Whitman, C 0., 1902 chloroplastic pigments in algae bacteriology. Eel Pond Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1961, 1962 Kelly, C. B., 1950 Wave action bioluminescence effects on algae Backus, R. H., C. S. Yentsch & Kingsbury, J. M., 1960, 1962 A. Wing, 1961 Waves breeding Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1958 Thompson, M. T., 1899 surface Bryozoa Seiwell, H. R., 1948 Osburn, R. C, 1912 Webbinella Rogick, M. D., 1945, 1949 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Wellfleet, creeks & islands of Characeae Whitman, L., 1795 Wood, R. D., 1949 Polychaeta Chlorophyta Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Gifford, C. E. & E. P. Odum, 1961 ciliate fauna Faure-Fremiet, E. A., 1951a 177 Woodsholia lilliei

Woods Hole Woods Hole Cnidaria invertebrates Hargitt, C. W. & G. T. Hargitt, 1910 key cod, tagging Smith, R. L, (Ed.), 1964 Smith, H. M., 1902c kettle holes Copepoda Koons, B. F., 1884, 1885 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Little Harbor Wilson, C. B., 1932 temperature free swimming Edwards, B. J., 1873 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 water temperature, 1873 Echinodermata U. S. Lighthouse Board, 1873 Clark, H. L., 1904 Marine Biological Laboratory fish Lillie, F. R., 1944 Baird, S. F., 1873a marine fungi Nichols, J. T. & C. M. Breder, Jr., 1927 Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 behavior moUusks, check list Bumpus, H. C, 1898a, 1898b, 1898c Slater, E. M., 1960 check list natural history notes Bean, T. H., 1881, 1884 Gray, G. M., 1932-1945 Flagellata nematode intertidal distribution Lackey, J. B., 1940 Cobb, N. A., 1929 Foraminifera Oligochaeta Cushman, J. A., 1908 Welch, P. S., 1917 Great Harbor parasites of fish bioluminescence Acanthocephala Backus, R. H., C. S. Yentsch & A. Wing, Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1892a 1961 Cestoda hydrography Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1898b Thomas, Lt., C. M., 1938 Trematoda light penetration Linton, E., 1898 Clarke, G. L., 1938 pollution meteorology Kelly, C. B., 1950 Fish, C. J., 1925 polychaete distribution plankton Plaine, H. L., 1952 Fish, C. J., 1925 polyclads Protozoa Hyman, L. H., 1939 Lackey, J. B., 1936 Porifera distribution & ecological factors de Laubenfels, M. W., 1949 Lackey, J. B., 1938 productivity, rocky intertidal zones salinity Gifford, C. F. & E. P. Odum, 1961 Fish, C. J., 1925 Protozoa sediments Calkins, G. N., 1902 Manheim, F. T., J. V. A. Trumbull, reforestation A. R. Tagg & J. Hulsemann, 1964 Chrysler, M. A., 1905 temperature, water Rhodophyceae Fish, C. J., 1925 Jao, C. C, 1936 water movement sharks Fish, C. J., 1925 Allen, G. M., 1921 Homarus americanus Anonymous, 1916 migrations shell mounds, aboriginal Bumpus, H. C, 1901 Baird, S. F., 1882 hydrogen sulphide succession, plant Manheim, F. T., J. V. A. Trumbull, Chrysler, M. A., 1905 A. R. Tagg & J. Hulsemann, 1964 temperature, effects on distribution Hydromedusae, spring AUee, W. C, 1922a Hargitt, C. W., 1902a tides, interference phenomena Hydrozoa Redfield, A. C, 1953 Fraser, C. M., 1912 Turbellaria Hargitt, C. W., 1908, 1909b Bush, L., 1964 Nutting, C. C, 1901 water density intertidal fauna U. S. Fish Commission, 1898 ecology of water temperature Howard, R. S., 1954 U. S. Fish Commission, 1898 invertebrates winter biological studies behavior Irving, L., 1942 Bumpus, H. C, 1898a, 1898b, 1898c Woodsholia lilliei Graff. L. v., 1911 Xiphias gladius 178

Xiphias gladius Zooplankton Smith, H. M., 1898a Cape Cod Bay host for Ascaris incurua Raymont, J. E. G., 1961 Linton, E., 1898a carbohydrate content host for Dibothrium plicatum Raymont, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Linton, E., 1889-1891 migration host for Fistulicola plicatus Great Pond, Falmouth Linton, E., 1941 Barlow, J. P., 1955 host for Hirudinella fusca populational ecology Manter, H. W., 1926 Great Pond, Falmouth host {oi Philichthys xiphias Barlow, J. P., 1955 Linton, E., 1901b seasonal cycle host for Tristomum coccineum Tisbury Great Pond Linton, E., 1898c Deevey, G. B., 1948 parasites of seasonal distribution. Woods Hole Linton, E., 1901a Fish, C. J., 1925 reproduction seasonal production Lee, R. E., 1942 Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 X-rays, resistance to Tubularia volumetric study Watt, D. J., 1955 Bigelow, H. B. & M. Sears, 1939 Xyala striata Zoothamnium altemans Cobb, N. A., 1920 development Yolida limatula Faure-Fremiet, E., 1930 anatomy Summers, F. M., 1938 Drew, G. A., 1899 Zostera marina embryology Collins, F. S., 1891 Drew, G. A., 1899 community, algal association sediment reworking Davis, B. M., 1913b Rhoads, D. C, 1963 effect of disappearance on invertebrales Yolida simplex Stauffer, R. C, 1937 hermaphroditism host for Labryinthula Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a Renn, C. E., 1935, 1936b Ypsilon exile pathology of Cobb, N. A., 1920 Renn, C. E., 1936b Zausodes arenicolus problems Wilson, C. B.. 1932 Renn, C. E., 1936a Zenopsis ocellatus wasting disease Gill, T., 1863 Milne, L. & M. Milne, 1951 Zeus ocellatus Zygeupolia litoralis Storer. D. H., 1859 Thompson, C. B., 1900, 1901, 1902 Zinc 65 Zygoena Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske & J. R. Storer, D. H., 1851a Comer, 1964 Zygonectes diaphanus uptake host for Proteocephalus sp. Gutknecht, J., 1961, 1962 Linton, E., 1941 by benthic algae Zygonemertes virens Buchman, R. W. & E. P. Odum, 1960 Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Zirfaea crispata Wilson, J. H., 1905 Zoarces anguillaris Smith, H. M., 1898a temperature Kidder, J. H., 1879 Zoogeography Setchell, W. A., 1922 Zoogonoides laevis life history Stunkard, H. W., 1943 morphology & life history Stunkard, H. W., 1943 parasite of Tautoga onitis Linton, E., 1942 Zooplankton Barlow, J. P., 1952 Conover, R. J., 1961