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United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,500,359 Woods et al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 19, 1985

(54). WAX COMPOSITION USEFUL AS A 56 References Cited BEESWAX SUBSTITUTE U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (75. Inventors: John H. Woods; Toby R. Graves, both 2,890, 125 6/1959 Mange ...... 106/23 3,856,931 12/1974 Fuchs et al...... 424/4 of Longview, Tex.; William E. 3,911, 105 10/1975 Papantoniou et al. ... 424/64 Nasser, Tulsa, Okla.; Ashwinkumar N. 3,941,608 3/1976 Ehrhardt et al...... 106/285 Jagtap, Longview, Tex. 4,004,932 1/1977 Bienvenu ...... 106/31 73) Assignee: Petrolite Corporation, St. Louis, Mo. Primary Examiner-Alan L. Rotman Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Sidney B. Ring; Leon Zitver (21) Appl. No.: 433,601 57) ABSTRACT This invention relates to a beeswax substitute which 22 Filed: Oct. 8, 1982 comprises a blend of: (l) an ester of a linear alcohol having at least about 14 Related U.S. Application Data carbons and a carboxylic acid or anhydride having at 63 Continuation of Ser. No. 156,903, Jun. 6, 1980, aban least 2 carbons doned. (2) an oxidized wax having at least 22 carbons, an (3) preferably, a having at least about 9 car 51 bons; (52) and to products formed therefrom such as cosmetic 106/272; 514/285 emulsions, etc. 58) Field of Search ...... 106/270, 272, 271; 424/365 18 Claims, No Drawings 4,500,359 1. 2 (III) a fatty acid. WAX COMPOSITION USEFUL AS A BEESWAX SUBSTITUTE (I) The Ester The ester is derived from reacting This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 156,903, 5 (a) an essentially linear alcohol having at least about filed June 6, 1980 now abandoned. 14 carbons such as from about 14 to 70 carbons, for Beeswax is one of the best known of the commercial example from about 16 to 60 carbons, such as from insect waxes. It has been utilized in various cosmetic about 16 to 50 carbons, but preferably from about 18 to formulations for years. Because of its unique properties, 30 carbons, with beeswax has been found to be especially satisfactory as 10 (b) an organic acid or equivalent, such as an organic a major ingredient in numerous formulations. acid anhydride having at least about 2 carbon atoms, Although beeswax is generally satisfactory, a great such as from about 2 to 33 carbons, for example from deal of effort has been expended in finding effective about 2 to 20 carbons, such as from about 2 to 5 carbons, substitutes for natural beeswax. An adequate substitute must not only possess properties similar to those of 15 For example, the ester is obtained by reacting an beeswax, but must also exhibit the same properties organic acid (monofunctional) such as or an when formulated into various cosmetic formulations. anhydride (e.g. acetic anhydride) with an alcohol. The fact that beeswax is available through only a Monofunctional acids, useful in the practice of the pres single major source of supply, which, of course, is a ent invention, are the aliphatic straight chain acids hav secretion of the worker bee, has obviously given impe-20 ing from 2 to about 33 carbon atoms. Preferably, the tus to the search for substitutes. At the present, users of monofunctional acid will contain about 2 to 5 carbon the beeswax are concerned about the price which atoms; the monofunctional acid containing two carbon greatly depends upon supply and demand. In addition, atoms being most preferable. Thus, in the practice of the the excellent properties of beeswax are to some extent present invention, acetic acid or acetic anhydride is offset by certain disadvantages. In particular, the natu 25 particularly advantageous. ral waxes are not always uniform in composition. Thus, The wax alcohols useful in forming the organic acid it is highly desirable to obtain a synthetic wax composi esters are those aliphatic alcohols which are available tion which is not subject to variations, uncontrollable or naturally or prepared synthetically using any process. otherwise, which would render the natural wax unsuit An alcohol used in this invention was prepared by the able for various applications. Also, it would be highly 30 process of U.S. Pat. No. 2,892,858. Other patents of desirable if a synthetic wax composition could be relevance are U.S. Pat. No. 2,781,419, 2,787,626, readily and economically obtained, and if the composi 2,826,598, 2,835,689, and British Pat. No. 808,055. The tion had equivalent or superior performance character wax alcohol moiety in a polyalkylene group having at istics compared to beeswax. least 14 carbons and most preferably from about 16 to In the past, many commercial substitutes have been 35 70 carbon atoms. Synthesis involves the following steps. tested, but none has been found to be a full substitute for beeswax. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to Triethyl Aluminum Preparation provide synthetic wax compositions which can replace beeswax in those applications where beeswax is now 40 employed. The chemical composition of beeswax is too Al + 3/2 H2 + 2AlEt3-G-3AlEt2H highly complex to duplicate it synthetically. Table I Aluminum Diethyl hydride shows the chemical composition of yellow beeswax (Ref.-The Chemistry and Technology of Waxes, Albin AlEth + C2H4-G-AlEts H. Warth, 1956, Page 92. Reinhold Publishing Corpora 45 Aluminum Triethyl tion, New York; Chapman & Hall, Ltd., London.) Polymerization TABLE I Chemical Composition of Yellow Beeswax R / Esters of wax acids 70.9% 50 AE3 + noH4-Ge-A-R2 Cholesteryl esters of fatty acids 1.1% N Flavones (Coloring matter) .3% R3 Lactones .6% Free alcohols 1-25% Aluminum Alkyl Free wax acids 13.5-14.5% Hydrocarbons 10.5-13.5% 55 Oxidation Moisture and mineral impurities 1-2% R OR Physical Properties of Natural Beeswax - / / Color (ASTM D-1500) 7.5- Al-R2 + 3/2 O-Ge Al-OR2 Congealing Point, (ASTM D-938) 142 F. N N Melting Point, (ASTM D-127) 147 F. R3 OR3 Penetration, 100/5G 77 F. (ASTM D-1321) 8.5 60 Acid Number (ASTM D-664) 20 Aluminum Aikoxide Saponification Number (ASTM D-94) 85 Viscosity @ 210° F. (ASTM D-88) 7 SUS Hydrolysis

We have now discovered a synthetic beeswax which 65. OR. HO comprises Akorise Rioh + R2OH + R3OH (I) an ester OR3, (II) an oxidized wax, and, preferably, 4,500,359 3 4. (Reference Chemical Engineering Progress, May 1962, synthesis of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and page no. 85, Volume 58, No. 5) hydrogen mixtures. Commercially available products These products are essentially linear primary alco typifying the above groups are BARECO POLY WAX hols in the desired carbon range regardless of the 500, POLY WAX 655, and Paraflint wax. The higher method of preparation. All commercial alcohols will 5 molecular weight waxes can be blended with lower contain some branched alcohols and some paraffins. molecular weight waxes and other hydrocarbons, such Commercial examples are the ALFOL alcohols as pro as wax oils, for use in this invention. duced by Conoco, and the similar primary alcohols Polyethylene of this invention are the various poly produced by Ethyl Corporation. The commercial ex mers derived from the polymerization of ethylene such amples are mixtures of linear alcohols, branched alco- 10 as described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,504,400, dated Apr. 18, hols and paraffins having an average molecular weight 1950, U.S. Pat. No. 2,699,457, dated Jan. 11, 1955, Phil of 210 to 1000. The wax alcohols have a molecular. lips Petroleum Company's Belgian Pat. No. 503,617, weight of about 210-1000, but preferably from about dated July 22, 1954, and Kirk-Othmer's Encyclopedia of 300-400, but most preferably about 350, and a melting Chemical Technology, Volume 10, PP938-957. Polypro point (ASTM D-127) of about 120-195° F., but prefer- 15 pylenes, polybutylenes, and other olefin polymers and ably from about 120-150 F. copolymers may also be used in wax blends for the TABLE II purpose of this invention. ALFOL 20+ and 22-- Alcohols are mixtures containing high mole The alpha-olefins referred to in this invention are cular weight, linear primary alcohols in the C20-C28 range. preferably the straight chain olefins produced by the They are off white, nearly odorless waxy solids. 20 polymerization of ethylene as described in Polymeriza ALFOL 20- ALFOL 22 tion and Polycondensation Processes, Advances in Chem Properties Typical Typical istry, Series No. 34 (American Chemical Society, 1962), Total Alcohol, Wt. 9% 74 65 and by Zeiss, Organo-Metallic Chemistry (Reinhold, Wt. 92 (100% Alcohol Basis) 25 1960). The preferred fraction is the C30 alpha-olefin C18OH and lower 2 Tr fraction. Lower molecular weight fractions can be used; C20OH and lower 50 5 however, it is advantageous to blend these with higher C22OH 28 50 molecular weight wax. C24OH 12 26 C26OH 5 11 The art of oxidizing hydrocarbon waxes such as al C28OH and higher 3. 8 30 pha-olefins is well-known and has been extensively Hydroxyl Number 130 109 described in the literature. The preferred type of oxida Iodine Number 2 15 tion for the purpose of this invention is air oxidation, Carbonyl, as C = O, Wt. 9% O.3 0.4 Water, Wt. 7, 0.04 0.04 with or without catalyst, at temperatures ranging from Saponification Number 6 7 210 to 420 F. The oxidation of the alpha-olefin should Color, Klett (4 cm cell) 600 800 continue until the acid number of about 10 to 50 is ob Flash Point, 35 tained. Most preferable in this invention is about 25 to Pensky-Martens F. 390 410 Melting Range, F. 45-54 45-58 30+. A commercial example is PETROLITE B-290. Appearance Off-White Off-White The alpha-olefins employed in this invention are of Waxy Solid Waxy Solid the following idealized formula 40 RCH=CH2 (II) The Oxidized Wax where R is alkyl, for example, having from about 4 to 50 The oxidized wax is obtained by oxidizing a wax or more carbons. These include monomers such as 1 having at least about 22 carbons, such as about 22 to 100 hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 3-methyl decene-1, l-tetra carbons, for example from about 24 to 60 carbons, but 45 decene, etc. They may be linear or branched. preferably from about 28 to 50 carbons. The waxes are, Also included within the term alpha-olefin are those for example, petroleum waxes, (for example microcrys which are prepared by polymerizing olefins such as talline, paraffin, etc.), or synthetic waxes such as Fisher ethylen in the presence of Ziegler type catalysts. Tropsch wax, alpha-olefins, certain polyolefins, such as Illustrative of these types of alpha-olefins are those polyethylen polypropylene, etc. The oxidized wax sta- 50 sold by Gulf, for example: bilizes the paraffinic content of the ester while promot 1. Gulf Alpha-Olefin Fraction C20-C24 (i.e., mainly ing emulsification. C20-C24) which contains the following typical carbon The preferred oxidized wax is oxidized alpha-olefin. distribution: The oxidized wax has an acid number of at least about C18: 1 wgt. % 10, such as from about 10 to 50, for example from about 55 C20: 49 15 to 45, but preferably from about 25 to 35, and a C22; 42 saponification number of at least about 30, such as from C24: 8 about 30 to 100, for example from about 35 to 90, but C26; 0.1. preferably from about 50 to 70. 2. Gulf Alpha-Olefin Fraction C24-C28 (i.e., mainly Petroleum waxes which are suitable for the purpose 60 C24-C28) which contains the following typical carbon of this invention are hard microcrystalline wax, plastic distribution: microcrystalline wax, and paraffin wax. The preferred C2: 0.3 wgt. % waxes have a melting point within the range of C24: 28 160-200' F. C26:44 Synthetic hydrocarbon waxes which are applicable in 65 C28: 20 this invention are the intermediate molecular weight C30+: 8. polymers, derived from the polymerization and copoly 3. Gulf Alpha-Olefin Fraction C30 (i.e., mostly merization, of ethylene, or from the Fisher-Tropsch C30) contains the following typical distribution: 4,500,359 5 6 C28 and lower: 22 wgt. % C30 and higher: 78. TABLE IV-continued TABLE III Chevron Chemical Co. CARBON RANGE Co-Co Cl() C1-C4 C5-C8 C8-C20 C5-C20 Straight Chain Mo- 89 90 89 9 86 8S no Alpha-Olefins, Wt. 7, Diolefins, Wt. 7% 4 5 6 8 4 5 Paraffins, Wt. 7% 3 2 2 9 5 Appearance Clear and bright and free of sediment Color, Saybolt - 18 -- 17 -- 4 -- 7 - 6 - 12 Density (20/4. C.) 0.73 0.75 0.770 0.783 0.797 0.787 g/ml Density (60/60 F.) 5.95 6.27 6.42 6.57 6.68 6.60 lb/gal Flash Point, TOC. 30 O3 162 260 330 280 F. Pour Point, F. ------20 - 40 -- 70 --55 Bromine No. g/100 g 165 118 98 73 57 67 Water Content, ppm 130 130 130 80 40 50 Sulfur Content, ppm 5 8 O 15 15 15 Carbon Number Dis tribution, Wt, % C5 2 C6 39 C7 24 Cs 17 Cq. 16 4. C10 2 5 C1 27 Cl2 24 C13 24 C14 23 C15 29 17 C16 28 18 C17 27 7 C18 14 23 17 C19 l 37 15 C20 30 12 C2 9 3 Average Molecular 100 40 174 228 269 244 Weight

Other alpha olefins can also be employed individuindividul- pentadecanoicmyristic acid acid C3H7COOHC4H29COOH ally, in Abination, or as components of commercial C15H3 1COOH aW lateaS. C6H33COOH The term alpha-olefins as employed herein relates C17H35COOH primarily to alpha-olefins of the formula RCH=CH2 nondecylic acid C18H37COOH but does not exclude alpha-olefins of the vinylidene 45 behemicarachidic acid acid C2H43COOHCoH39COOH Structure. carnaubic acid C3H17COOH hyenic acid C4H49COOH (III) The Fatty Acid carboceric acid C25H51COOH The fatty acid has at least about 9 carbons, such as 50 lacceroiccerotic acid acid C26H53COOHES5 from about 9 to 33 carbons, for example from about 12 C29H59COOH to 30 carbons, but preferably from about 16 to 24 car- C28H57COOH bons psyllic acid C2H65COOH B. Unsaturated CH2-COOH or CH2-2O2 They have acid numbers of at least about 110, such as such as oleic, etc. 2 - 1 if it about 110 to 400, for example from about 130 to 300, but C. Unsaturated CnH2n-3COOH or CH2n-4O2 preferably from about 150 to 200. 55 E. Ea SEh Preferred examples of fatty acids include- stearic acid D. UnsaturatedOleic ac CH2-5COOH1731 or CH250 (C17H35COOH), nondecyl acid (C18H37COOH), ara- linolinic acid C17H29COOH. chidic acid (C19H39COOH) or behemic acid. A commer trenecial example SE of is Humko Sheffield's Hys- 60 The compositions of thisa invention- include- the fol The following Table illustrates suitable fatty acids. lowing components having the properties indicated. TABLE IV TABLE V Inter A. Saturated CnH2n, 1COOH or CN2O3 Broad mediate Preferred C8H17COOH 65 C9H19COOH Range Range Range C10H2COOH Wax Alcohol Esters (about) (about) (about) C11H23COOH C.P. (D-938) F. 95-180 100-50 105-15 tridecoic acid C12H25COOH M.P. (D-127) F. 95-80 100-60 105-120 4,500,359 7 8 TABLE V-continued Inter- . C.P. (D-938) 150 F. Broad mediate Preferred M.P. (D-127) 168° F. Range Range Range Vis. G 210 F. (D-88) 115.5 SUS Wax Alcohol Esters (about) (about) (about) 5 Color (D-1500) 1.5 Pen G 77 F. (D-1321) 15 Vis (a 210° F. (D-88) (SUS) 20-200 25-50 30-60 Acid # (D-664) 3O Acid No. (D-664) 0-5 0-3 0-2 Sap # (D-94) 76 Sap. No. (D-94) 50-210 70-18O 90-20

TABLE VI 10 EXAMPLE III Inter- Preparation of Wax Blend R Pl 70.8 parts of organic ester of Example I was melted Oxidized Waxes (about) (about) (about) and blended with 19.5 parts of oxidized C30+ alpha-ole 15 fin of Example II and 9.7 parts of Behenic acid (Humko C.P.M.P. (D-938)(D-127) F.F. 120-2020-220 30-18035-200 150-180140-160 Sheffield'seitield's HystreneH 9022).). ThThe resultingti smoothth anand Vis (a 210 F. (D-88) (SUS) 40-200 60-160 85-120 uniform composition had the following properties: Pen. G 77 F. (D-1321) (dmm) 1-80 4-30 10-20 Acid No. 77 F. (D-1321) (dmm) 10-50 15-45 25-35 Sap. No. (D-94) 30-100 35-90 50–70 20 C.P. (D-938) 118 F. M.P. (D-127) 159 F. Vis. G 210° F. (D-88) 43.0 SUS Color (D-1500) 2.5 TABLE VII Pen G 77 F. (D-1321) 42.5 Inter- Acid # (D-664) 23 Beeswax. Substitutes Broad mediate Preferred 25 Sap # (D-94) 115 Product of this Range Range Range invention (about) (about) (about) C.P. (D-938) F. 95-210 105-180 115-150 EXAMPLE IV M.P. (D-127) F. E00-220 120-200 140-100 Pen. G 77 F. (D-1321) (dmm) 2-100 3-75 4-50 A cosmetic cream was prepared from the wax blend Vis. G) 210 F. (D-88) (SUS) 20-200 25-150 30-100 30 of Example III as follows. Acid No. (D 664) 5-80 10-60 15-30 Sap. No. (D-94) 50-200 75-160 100-130 Oil Phase: The following examples are presented for purposes of TA blend of Example II illustration and not of limitation. 35 Examples VI, VII and VIII, which follow, have no oxidized wax and are for comparative purposes only. Example I Water Phase: Preparation of an ester using C22 ALFOL from 34 parts deionized water Conoco and acetic anhydride: A one liter, three necked 1 part Borax flask was charged with 400 grams of C22 ALFOL 40 (0.86 moles of hydroxyl group) which was melted and Both phases were heated to 167 F. with slow agita the temperature adjusted to 220 F. 87.7 grams of acetic tion. The water phase was added to the oil phase with anhydride (0.86 moles) was added to the ALFOL in the fast agitation. The cream was cooled to room tempera reaction. The mixture was reacted while stirring for 2 ture. The resulting cream had excellent stability, gloss, hours and 15 minutes, at 220-230 F. The temperature 45 and a smooth texture, and was comparable to an identi was increased to 300 F. and a full vacuum (about 30 cal emulsion prepared with natural beeswax. inches of Hg) was applied for 2 hours. The product had an acid value of 1 and a saponification value of 97. EXAMPLE V A cream prepared from Example IV was placed in Physical Properties for Ester 50 the oven at 106 F., along with the cream made from natural beeswax for 6 weeks. The stability of the cream C.P. (ASTM D-928) 109 F. from Example IV was found to be very similar to the M.P. (ASTM D-127) 12 F. stability of the cream made from beeswax. Vis. G 210" F. (ASTM D-88) 37. OSUS The following example has no oxidized wax. Acid # (ASTM D-664) 55 Sap. # (ASTM D-94) 97 EXAMPLE VI 19.5 parts of unoxidized C30-alpha-olefin was substi tuted for oxidized C30 alpha-olefin in the wax compo EXAMPLE II sition of Example III. An appreciable difference in the Oxodation of C30+ alpha-olefin: 1000 grams of a 60 wax composition was observed. A borax employing the C30+ alpha-olefin from Gulf, having a melting point of wax gave a very poor emulsion from which two phases 160-175 F., was charged into a vessel. The wax was Separated. blown with air until the product showed an acid num ber of 30. This oxidation requires approximately 26 EXAMPLE VII hours to achieve the desired acid number, depending 65 An extra 6.5 parts of Behenic acid was added to the upon the temperature and the degree of dispersion of wax composition of Example VI. A borax emulsion the air. The following analysis was obtained on the final employing the wax composition gave a grainy and un product: stable emulsion. 4,500,359 9 10 From Examples VI and VII which contain no oxi dized wax, it is noticeable that the wax composition of EXAMPLE X the present invention containing oxidized wax, has very The wax composition of Example III was employed unique properties, which are very similar to that of in the following cream formulations where beeswax is natural beeswax. typically employed. EXAMPLE VIII 19.5 parts of Carnauba was substituted for the ozi Emollient Cream dized C30 alpha-olefin in the wax composition of Ex Grams 10 Oil Phase ample III. Oil retention properties of the wax composi Isopropyl lsostearate 5.00 tion were improved, but the borax emulsion incorporat Isopropyl Myristate 5.00 ing the wax had a rough texture. The emulsion sepa Stearic Acid, USP 9.00 rated after aging two days at 106 F. The following Wax Blend of Example III 3.00 15 Lanolin Oil 3.00 physical properties were obtained for this wax composi Mineral Oil, 70 Viscosity 10.00 tion: Propyl Paraben 0.03 Sorbitan Monostearate 1.00 Water Phase C.P. (D-938) 55° F. PEG-600 Monoisostearate 2.00 M.P. (D-127) 165 F. Glycerine CP/USP (99.5%) 8.10 Pen. 100/5 G 77 F. (D-1321) 22 Triethanolamine 80 Acid ii (D-664) 20 Deionized Water 51.00 Sap # (D-94) 102 Methyl Paraben 0.07 Vis. G 210" F. (D-88) 47.2 SUS Color (D-1500) 2. 25 Procedure: Both the phases were heated to 167 F. with slow agitation. The water phase was added to the oil The following example illustrates the oxidation of a phase with slow agitation. The cream was cooled with wax blend other than alpha-olefin. slow agitation. EXAMPLE IX 30 A blend consisting of 50% PETROLITE C-700 wax Cleansing Creams (a tank bottom derived microcrystalline wax with a I I melting point of typically 196 F.) and 50% BARECO Formula No. Grams Grams POLYWAX-655 (a synthetic wax, typically 210 F. Oil Phase 35 Wax Blend of Example III 14.00 7.00 melting point) was charged to an oxidizer. The wax was Paraffin 14.00 - oxidized to 32 acid number (75 saponification number). Lanolin, USP, Anhydrous 3.00 5.00 Physical properties of the oxidized blend are listed be Tween 60 2.00 - low: Mineral Oil 32.00 50.00 40 Propyl Paraben 0.10 0.07 Water Phase C.P. (D-938) 174 F. Deionized Water 33.70 36.73 M.P. (D-127) 195° F. Borax 1.00 .00 Pen. 100/5 G 77 F. (D-1321) 6.4 Methyl Paraben 0.20 0.20 Acid if (Ed-664) 32 45 Sap # (D-94) 76 Procedure: Both the phases were heated to 167 F. with Vis. G 210° F. (D-88) 1906 SUS slow agitation. Then the water phase was added to the Color (D-1500) 2.5. oil phase with fast agitation. The resulting cream was cooled to 73.4 F. with agitation. EXAMPLE X 50 The resulting emollient cream was soft and had a very good texture. Both the cleansing creams and the 19.5 parts of oxidized wax from Example IX was emollient cream had superb gloss and a smooth texture. substituted for the oxidized C30 alpha-olefin in the All of the emulsions exhibited excellent stability, gloss, wax composition of Example III. The wax composition and texture. has good oil retention property at 106 F. The borax 55 In summary, the wax composition of Example III, emulsion, as described in Example IV, gave a good, which contains oxidized C30 alpha-olefin, shows three textured cream, very similar to the cream using natural important characteristics: (1) good oil binding property, beeswax. Physical properties are listed below: (2) superb emulsification in the cleansing cream formu 60 lation of Example IV, and (3) the similarity of the melt C.P. (D-938) 140 F. ing point characteristic with the natural beeswax, which M.P. (D-172) 47 F. suits all the applications where beeswax is presently Pen. 100/5G 77 F. (D-1321) 43.5 employed. Acid # (D-664) 23 All the three characteristics achieved in this inven Sap f (D-94) 98 65 tion are greatly increased due to the oxidized wax. The Vis. G 210 F. (D-88) 47.5 SUS oxidized wax has a very good binding power for oil. Color (D-1500) 3.5. The following Table VIII illustrates the effect of differ ent oil binders on emulsifications. 4,500,359 11 12 TABLE VIII Borax Emu- Thermal Stabil Kind of wax blended as an oil sion (Example ity of the Emul binder in the composition Oil Retention IV Type) sion at 106 F. Oxidized C30 Alpha-Olefin Good Excellent Excellent Oxidized Wax (50% microcrystal- Very Good Good Good line wax 50% polyethylene wax) Carnauba Excellent Fair Separated C30 Alpha-Olefin (unoxidized) Fair Separated Separated BARECO POLY WAX-655 (unoxidized) Fair Very Grainy Separated

In summary, the composition of this invention com 180° C. and (2) 5-50% by weight of an oxidized hydro prises an ester, an oxidized wax, and preferably a fatty carbon wax of about 22-100 carbons. acid. 2. A wax composition of claim 1 which also contains The first ingredient is an ester, obtained by reacting (3) up to 40% by weight of a fatty acid of 9-33 carbons. an essentially linear alcohol having at least about 14 3. The composition of claim 1 where the alcohol carbons such as about 14 to about 70 carbon atoms and moiety of the ester (1) has about 18 to 30 carbons and an organic acid or organic anhydride having from at the acid moiety of said ester (1) has about 2 to 5 carbons; least about 2 carbons, as about 2 to about 33 carbon the oxidized wax (2) has from about 28 to 50 carbons; atOnS. 20 and the fatty acid (3) has about 16 to 24 carbons. The second ingredient is an oxidized wax having at 4. The composition of claim 3 where the ester (1) is least about 22 carbons, such as about 22 to about 100 from 65-80%, the oxidized wax (2) is about 12-25% and carbon atoms and which will have an acid value at least the fatty acid (3) is from 5 to 20%, all % by weight, of about 10, such as from about 10 to about 50, and a Sa the total composition. ponification value from at least about 30, such as about 25 5. The composition of claim 2 where the oxidized 30 to about 100. wax (2) has an acid number of about 10 to 50 and a The third consitutent of the present invention is the saponification number of about 30 to 100. fatty acid having at least about 9 carbons, such as about 6. The composition of claim 5 where the alcohol 9 to about 33 carbon atoms, such as stearic or behenic moiety of the ester (1) is at least a C18 linear polyalkyl acid and having acid numbers from at least about 110, 30 enegroup and the oxidized wax (2) is an oxidized alpha such as about 110 to about 400. olefin, Fischer-Tropsch, poly-olefin, or microcrystal All three described constituents are blended together line wax, or a mixture thereof, and the fatty acid (3) has to get a final acid number from at least about 5, such as from about 16 to 30 carbons. about 5 to about 50 and a saponification number from at 7. The composition of claim 2 having a melting range least about 50, such as about 70 to about 210, for exam 35 of from about 100-220 F., an acid number of about ple from about 75 to 160, but preferably from about 90 5-50, and a saponification number of about 70-210. to 150 with an optimum of about 100 to 130. 8. The composition of claim 6 having a melting range The properties of the synthetic beeswax of this inven of from about 130-175 F., an acid number of about tion can vary widely depending on the specific compo 5-50, and a saponification number of about 70-210. nents, the ratios thereof, etc. In general, as a weight 40 9. A cosmetic emulsion of the composition of claim 1. percentage of the total blend, the composition may 10. A cosmetic emulsion of the composition of claim comprise: 2. 11. A cosmetic emulsion of the composition of claim Inter 3. Broad mediate Preferred Optimum 45 12. A cosmetic emulsion of the composition of claim Range Range Range Range 4. Component (about) (about) (about) (about) 13. A cosmetic emulsion of the composition of claim Ester 40-90% 60-80% 65-80% 70-75% 5. Oxidized wax 5-50% 10-30% 12-25% 5-20% 14. Fatty acid 0-40% 5-30% 5-20% 8-15% A cosmetic emulsion of the composition of claim 50 6. 15. A cosmetic emulsion of the composition of claim We claim: 18. 1. A wax composition useful as a beeswax substitute 16. A cosmetic emulsion of the composition of claim comprising (1) 40-90% by weight of a wax alcohol ester 7. whose alcohol moiety is a linear polyalkylene group of 55 17. A cosmetic emulsion of the composition of claim about 4 to 70 carbons and whose acid moiety is that of 8. a monofunctional straight chain carboxylic acid of from 18. The composition of claim 4 where the acid moiety 2 to about 33 carbon atoms, said wax alcohol ester hav of said ester is that of acetic acid. ing an acid number of 0.5 and a melting point of 95 to k ck sk k ck 60

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