DOCSLIB.ORG

Biblical Chronology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biblical Chronology The Judges Period in Israel This chart is based on Andrew Steinmann, "The Mysterious Numbers of the Book of Judges," Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 48/3 (2005): 491-500. CANAAN 1420 EGYPT Moses 1527-1406 Amenhotep II 1425-1400 Judges 1-2 Berlin ‘Israel’ inscription 1400 Joshua and the elders 1406-1379 Amenhotep III 1390-1353 1380 1378-1371 Cushan-rishathaim Soleb inscription, 'Shasu of Yahveh' Judges 3 1360 Othniel 1371-1332 Judges 19-21? Akhenaten 1353-1336 1340 Tutankhamun 1336-1324 1332-1315 Eglon of Moab 1320 1300 18th Dynasty Ehud, Shamgar 1315-1236 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19th Dynasty 1280 II AgeLateBronze Seti I 1290-1279 Amarah inscription, 1260 'Shasu of Yahveh' Ramesses II 1279-1213 1240 1236-1217 Jabin of Hazor 1220 Merneptah 1213-1203 Merneptah inscription, Judges 4-5 ‘Israel is laid waste’ Deborah & Barak 1217-1178 1200 19th Dynasty Judges 17-18? - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20th Dynasty 1180 1178-1172 Midianites Judges 6-8 1160 Gideon 1172-1133 Ruth? 1140 Judges 9 Abimelech 1133-1131 Tola 1131-1109 1120 Judges 10 Jair 1109-1088 1100 Eli 1109-1068 IronI Age Judges 11-12 Jephthah 1088-1083 1080 1088-1071 Ammonites 20th Dynasty Ibzan 1083-1077 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Elon 1077-1068 21st Dynasty Judges 13-16 Abdon, Samson 1068-1061 1060 1088-1049 Philistines 1 Sam 1-9 Samuel 1060-1031 1040 1 Sam 10-31 Saul 1048-1010 1020 1000 2 Sam 1-24 David 1010-970 980 Solomon 970-931 Siamun 973-954 IronII Age The Judges Period in Israel Samson was one of the last judges of Israel. He lived during the 40-year Philistine oppression (Judges 13:1) and judged Israel for twenty years (Judges 15:20). His life likely overlapped those of Eli, Samuel, and Saul, and he would not have predated David by much. Ammonite Oppression 1088-1071 Jephthah Elon Jair 1088-1083 Ibzan 1077-1068 Abdon 1109-1088 1083-1077 1068-1061 Samson uncertain dates Philistine Oppression 1088-1049 1100 1090 1080 1070 1060 1050 1040 1030 1020 1010 1000 Eli 1099-1060 Samuel 1060-1031 Saul 1048-1010 David 1010-970 The overlap of the Ammonite and Philistine oppressions is indicated by Judg 10:7. Judges 10:7 And the anger of the Lord burned against Israel, and He sold them into the hands of the Philistines, and into the hands of the sons of Ammon. 8 And they afflicted and crushed the sons of Israel that year; for eighteen years they afflicted all the sons of Israel who were beyond the Jordan in Gilead in the land of the Amorites. Judges 13:1 Now the sons of Israel again did evil in the sight of the Lord , so that the Lord gave them into the hands of the Philistines forty years. II 359 - 404 400 Artaxerxes 404 - Malachi 423 Darius II Darius Nehemiah Nehemiah Ezra I return of return – 423 - 445 return of return 465 – Artaxerxes , Joshua , 458 Exile & Return Sheshbazzar Zerubbabel 465 - Esther 486 Xerxes I Xerxes temple rebuilt temple 500 486 – - 522 - 522 Darius I Darius 516 Zechariah Haggai - 522 530 – – 520 first return, temple foundation laid laid foundation temple return, first – Gaumata 530 - Cambyses Cyrus 539 538 560 - 556 539 556 - - - 561 Ezekiel 555 559 Nabonidus – – Marduk - Daniel Marduk - Daniel Neriglissar Labashi sacked Amel third deportation, Jerusalem deportation, third – 562 - second deportation deportation second 605 587 Ezekiel – first deportation deportation first Jeremiah – Nebuchadnezzar 597 600 605 486 - 510 516 Darius I 521 I Darius - rebuilt rebuilt Temple Temple 520 522 AGGAI 520 H ECHARIAH Z Smerdis 522 - 529 Cambyses Cambyses 530 530 - 536 end, the of Vision Dan 10 Dan - 12 1 return, led by by led return, Sheshbazzar , 538 , Dan 9 9 Dan Prayer, 70 Prayer, - 7s, 538 7s, st Dan 6 6 Dan laid foundation Temple Cyrus 539 Cyrus 538 Den, Lion’s Kings of Persia Kings of Dan 5 5 Dan Writing on wall on Writing 540 539 - 536 - 556 556 Vision of ram & goat, 551 goat, & ram of Vision Belshazzar 553 Belshazzar 550 Vision of four beasts, 553 beasts, four of Vision Nabonidus Dan 7 Dan - 8 marduk - 557 - Labashi 559 usur - 560 560 - shal - 561 Nergal DANIEL marduk - Amel The tree dream, c 571 c dream, tree The 570 Dan 4 Dan Life of Life Daniel in Egypt in 562 - refugees 580 against Prophecy Prophecy Jer 44 Forced flight to Egypt, 585 Egypt, to flight Forced Fiery furnace, c 585 c furnace, Fiery Dan 3 Dan 3 Deportation, 587 Deportation, rd 587 - Nebuchadnezzar 605 Nebuchadnezzar ZEKIEL E 590 EREMIAH J Zedekiah 597Zedekiah 2 Deportation, 597 Deportation, Message to exiles, 597 exiles, to Message nd Jer 29 597 - 598 - 600 The statue dream, 603 dream, statue The 608 Dan 2 Dan 609 Dan 1 Dan Prophecy of captivity, 605 captivity, of Prophecy 1 Deportation, 605 Deportation, 609 st Jer 25 Jehoiachin Jehoiakim Jehoahaz 610 605 609 - - 625 Nabopolassar Kings of Judah Kings of Kings of Babylon of Kings Josiah 641 Josiah 620 Babylon to Alexander What happened to Alexander’s empire after he died? Daniel 11:1 "And in the first year of Darius the Mede, I arose to be an encouragement and a protection for him. 2 "And now I will tell you the truth. Behold, three more kings are going to arise in Persia. Then a fourth will gain far more riches than all of them; as soon as he becomes strong through his riches, he will arouse the whole empire against the realm of Greece. 3 "And a mighty king will arise, and he will rule with great authority and do as he pleases. 4 "But as soon as he has arisen, his kingdom will be broken up and parceled out toward the four points of the compass, though not to his own descendants, nor according to his authority which he wielded; for his sovereignty will be uprooted and given to others besides them. Perdiccas, 323-320 Antigonus (w estern Asia Minor) 288-285 Antipater (Macedonia) 301, after Ipsus Lysimachus (Anatolia, Thrace) Archon (Babylon) Lysimachus (Anatolia, Thrace) Ptolemy (Egypt) Asander (Caria) Ptolemy (Egypt) Seleucus (Babylonia, N. Syria) Atropates (northern Media) 315-311 Seleucus (Babylonia, N. Syria) Eumenes (Cappadocia, Pontus) Cassander vs. 318-316 Cassander (Macedonia) Laomedon (Syria) Lysimachus Antigonus Demetrius (Cyprus, Tyre, Demetrius (Macedonia, Cyprus, Leonnatus (Phrygia) Ptolemy Cassander Sidon, Agaean islands) Tyre, Sidon, Agaean islands) Lysimachus (Thrace) Peithon Seleucus Menander (Lydia) Ptolemy Bythinia Olympias (Epirus) vs. Bythinia Seleucus Epirus Epirus Peithon (southern Media) Antigonus Greece Greece Philippus (Bactria) vs. Aristodemus Heraclean kingdom Heraclean kingdom Ptolemy (Egypt) Demetrius Eumenes Paeonia Paeonia Stasanor (Aria) Nearchus Olympias Pontus Pontus and others . Peithon Polyperchon Rhodes Rhodes 330 320 310 300 290 280 270 260 250 Antipater, 320-319 Alcetas and Attalus (Pisidia ) Antigenes (Susiana) Antigonus (army in Asia) Arrhidaeus (Phrygia) Cassander (chiliarch) Cleitus (Lydia) 250 Laomedon (Syria) Antigonus II Gonatas (Macedonia) Antiochus II (Asia, Syria, Babylonia) Menander (2nd under Kings of 307 281 Ptolemy II (Egypt) Antigonus) Peace of 311 Cassander (Macedonia) Antigonus II Gonatas (Macedonia) Nicanor (Cappadocia) Antigonus (Asia) Lysimachus (Thrace) Antiochus I (Babylonia, northern Syria) Bactria Olympias (Epirus) Cassander (Macedonia) Ptolemy (Egypt) Ptolemy II (Egypt ) Peithon (eastern satrapies) Bythinia Lysimachus (Thrace) Seleucus (Babylon) Epirus Peucestas (Persis &Susiana) Ptolemy (Egypt) Bythinia Philippus (Parthia) vs. Greece Epirus Heraclean kingdom Ptolemy (Egypt) excluded - Antigonus (Asia) Greece Paeonia Seleucus (Babylon) Polyperchon (Corinth) Demetrius (Asia co-ruler) Heraclean kingdom Stasander (Aria) Parthia Seleucus (Babylon) Paeonia Pergamum Stasanor (Bactria) Greece Pontus and others . Pontus Greece Paeonia Rhodes Rhodes Contrary to popular perception, Alexander’s empire was not split into four kingdoms or among four of his generals (contra NIRV “It will be divided up into four parts”). Rather, the phrase “to the four points of the compass” (NAS) or “to the four winds of heaven” (ESV) is a common biblical and ANE expression that indicates the empire will be fragmented in all directions. Intertestamental Rulers of Palestine After the return from Babylonian captivity, the land of Israel, now called “Judea” was administered by the Persian Empire. This empire was conquered by the Greeks under Alexander the Great. Upon his death, Judea became a province under the rule of the Ptolemies in Egypt, although the region was contested by the northern kingdom of the Seleucids. The land came under Seleucid rule after the Battle of Panium in 198 BC. The offensive activities of Antiochus IV Epiphanies sparked the Maccabean Revolt in 167. 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 BC AD 20 Ptolemaic Rule 63 Pompey Seleucids conquers Jerusalem 198 Antiochus II 142 Independence Alexander the Great defeats Ptolemy V of the Jews Roman Rule Maccabees Herodian Dynasty 167 Maccabean Revolt Priests Sadducees Pharisees Hasidim Essenes 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 BC AD 20 This period also saw the birth of several religious groups that appear in the NT but are not known at the close of the OT. These include the sects of the Sadducees and the Pharisees. The Sadducees seem to have arisen from the priestly class, while the Pharisees appear to have come from a pietistic group with uncertain roots during the intertestamental period. 539 - Medes & Persians 333 - Alexander the Great Jerusalem Destroyed - 70 sack Babylon 167 - Maccabean Revolt 63 - Pompey’s Invasion 600 500 400 300 200 100 BC/AD 100 Babylonian Persian Hellenistic Hasmonean Herodian Roman Maccabean Rulers 170 Mattathias - "King" Judas Maccabeus 160 167 - 166 - High
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept of Kingship
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept Of Kingship Jacob Douglas Feeley University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Jewish Studies Commons Recommended Citation Feeley, Jacob Douglas, "Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept Of Kingship" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2276. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2276 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2276 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept Of Kingship Abstract Scholars who have discussed Josephus’ political philosophy have largely focused on his concepts of aristokratia or theokratia. In general, they have ignored his concept of kingship. Those that have commented on it tend to dismiss Josephus as anti-monarchical and ascribe this to the biblical anti- monarchical tradition. To date, Josephus’ concept of kingship has not been treated as a significant component of his political philosophy. Through a close reading of Josephus’ longest text, the Jewish Antiquities, a historical work that provides extensive accounts of kings and kingship, I show that Josephus had a fully developed theory of monarchical government that drew on biblical and Greco- Roman models of kingship. Josephus held that ideal kingship was the responsible use of the personal power of one individual to advance the interests of the governed and maintain his and his subjects’ loyalty to Yahweh. The king relied primarily on a standard array of classical virtues to preserve social order in the kingdom, protect it from external threats, maintain his subjects’ quality of life, and provide them with a model for proper moral conduct.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander's Seventh Phalanx Battalion Milns, R D Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Summer 1966; 7, 2; Proquest Pg
    Alexander's Seventh Phalanx Battalion Milns, R D Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Summer 1966; 7, 2; ProQuest pg. 159 Alexander's Seventh Phalanx Battalion R. D. Milns SOME TIME between the battle of Gaugamela and the battle of A the Hydaspes the number of battalions in the Macedonian phalanx was raised from six to seven.1 This much is clear; what is not certain is when the new formation came into being. Berve2 believes that the introduction took place at Susa in 331 B.C. He bases his belief on two facts: (a) the arrival of 6,000 Macedonian infantry and 500 Macedonian cavalry under Amyntas, son of Andromenes, when the King was either near or at Susa;3 (b) the appearance of Philotas (not the son of Parmenion) as a battalion leader shortly afterwards at the Persian Gates.4 Tarn, in his discussion of the phalanx,5 believes that the seventh battalion was not created until 328/7, when Alexander was at Bactra, the new battalion being that of Cleitus "the White".6 Berve is re­ jected on the grounds: (a) that Arrian (3.16.11) says that Amyntas' reinforcements were "inserted into the existing (six) battalions KC1:TCt. e8vr(; (b) that Philotas has in fact taken over the command of Perdiccas' battalion, Perdiccas having been "promoted to the Staff ... doubtless after the battle" (i.e. Gaugamela).7 The seventh battalion was formed, he believes, from reinforcements from Macedonia who reached Alexander at Nautaca.8 Now all of Tarn's arguments are open to objection; and I shall treat them in the order they are presented above.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Achaemenid Persia on Fourth-Century and Early Hellenistic Greek Tyranny
    THE INFLUENCE OF ACHAEMENID PERSIA ON FOURTH-CENTURY AND EARLY HELLENISTIC GREEK TYRANNY Miles Lester-Pearson A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2015 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11826 This item is protected by original copyright The influence of Achaemenid Persia on fourth-century and early Hellenistic Greek tyranny Miles Lester-Pearson This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of St Andrews Submitted February 2015 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, Miles Lester-Pearson, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 88,000 words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2010 and as a candidate for the degree of PhD in September 2011; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2010 and 2015. Date: Signature of Candidate: 2. Supervisor’s declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree.
    [Show full text]
  • The Illnesses of Herod the Great 1. Introduction 2. Sources of Information
    The illnesses of Herod the Great THE ILLNESSES OF HEROD THE GREAT ABSTRACT Herod the Great, Idumean by birth, was king of the Jews from 40BC to AD 4. An able statesman, builder and warrior, he ruthlessly stamped out all perceived opposi- tion to his rule. His last decade was characterised by vicious strife within his family and progressive ill health. We review the nature of his illnesses and suggest that he had meningoencephalitis in 59 BC, and that he died primarily of uraemia and hyper- tensive heart failure, but accept diabetes mellitus as a possible underlying etiological factor. The possibility that Josephus’s classical description of Herod’s disease could be biased by “topos” biography (popular at the time), is discussed. The latter conside- ration is particularly relevant in determining the significance of the king’s reputed worm- infested genital lesions. 1. INTRODUCTION Herod the Great, king of the Jews at the onset of the Christian era, had no Jewish blood in his veins. Infamous in Christian tradition for the massacre of the newborn in Bethlehem, he was nevertheless a vigorous and able ruler, a prolific builder, friend and ally of Rome and founder of an extensive Herodian dynasty which significantly influenced the history of Palestine. His miserable death at the age of 69 years was seen by the Jewish religious fraternity as Jahweh’s just retribution for his vio- lation of Judaic traditions (Ferguson 1987:328-330; Sizoo 1950:6-9). The nature and cause of his illness and death is the subject of this study. 2. SOURCES OF INFORMATION With the exception of fragmentary contributions from Rabbinic tradi- tions, Christian records in the New Testament and evidence from con- temporary coins, Herod’s biography comes to us predominantly through the writings of Flavius Josephus, a Jewish priest of aristocratic descent, military commander in a revolt against Rome, but subsequent recipient of Roman citizenship.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible Has Never Told
    Ghana Journal of Linguistics 9.1: 72-96 (2020) ______________________________________________________________________________ http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjl.v9i1.4 EDITORIAL BOOK CRITIQUE: THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD AMEN: ANCIENT KNOWLEDGE THE BIBLE HAS NEVER TOLD Ọbádélé Bakari Kambon Editor-in-Chief Abstract: The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible has Never Told is a book that promises to pique the interest of any reader interested in classical Kmt ‘Black Nation/Land of the Blacks’, mdw nTr ‘Hieroglyphs,’ the Akan language, and historical-linguistic connections between the three. Specifically, the book promises to deliver information about how the word imn ‘Amen,’ as attested in classical Kmt ‘Black Nation/Land of the Blacks,’ persists in the contemporary Akan language. While under a steady hand this should be a simple enough thesis to substantiate, unfortunately, the authors’ obvious lack of grounding in historical linguistics, their lack of knowledge of mdw nTr ‘Hieroglyphs’ as well as their lack of understanding the morphology (word structure) of the Akan language all mar the analyses presented in the book. Keywords: Amen, Heru Narmer, historical linguistics, folk etymology Osei, O. K., Issa, J., & Faraji, S. (2020). The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible has Never Told. Long Beach, CA: Amen-Ra Theological Seminary Press. 1. Introduction In The Origin of the Word Amen: Ancient Knowledge the Bible has Never Told, what should be an open-and-shut case is saddled with a plethora of spurious look-alikes and folk etymologies prompted by attempts to analyze one language with another without actually having studying the language to be analyzed itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Jeffrey Eli Pearson
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Contextualizing the Nabataeans: A Critical Reassessment of their History and Material Culture Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dx9g1rj Author Pearson, Jeffrey Eli Publication Date 2011 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Contextualizing the Nabataeans: A Critical Reassessment of their History and Material Culture By Jeffrey Eli Pearson A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ancient History and Mediterranean Archaeology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Erich Gruen, Chair Chris Hallett Andrew Stewart Benjamin Porter Spring 2011 Abstract Contextualizing the Nabataeans: A Critical Reassessment of their History and Material Culture by Jeffrey Eli Pearson Doctor of Philosophy in Ancient History and Mediterranean Archaeology University of California, Berkeley Erich Gruen, Chair The Nabataeans, best known today for the spectacular remains of their capital at Petra in southern Jordan, continue to defy easy characterization. Since they lack a surviving narrative history of their own, in approaching the Nabataeans one necessarily relies heavily upon the commentaries of outside observers, such as the Greeks, Romans, and Jews, as well as upon comparisons of Nabataean material culture with Classical and Near Eastern models. These approaches have elucidated much about this
    [Show full text]
  • Aaron and the Golden Calf in the Rhetoric of the Pentateuch
    Syracuse University SURFACE Religion College of Arts and Sciences Fall 2011 Aaron and the Golden Calf in the Rhetoric of the Pentateuch James W. Watts Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/rel Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Rhetoric Commons Recommended Citation Watts, James W. "Aaron and the Golden Calf in the Rhetoric of the Pentateuch." Journal of Biblical Literature 130 (2011), 417-430. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts and Sciences at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Religion by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JBL 130, no. 3 (2011): 417–430 Aaron and the Golden Calf in the Rhetoric of the Pentateuch james w. watts [email protected] Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-1170 In the Pentateuch, the contrast between legal or instructional material, on the one hand, and stories, on the other, is nowhere more stark than in the relationship between the story of the golden calf (Exodus 32–34) and the instructions and nar- ratives (Exodus 25–31; 35–40) that surround it. The story tells of ritual failure with disastrous consequences, while the ritual instructions and narratives around it recount fulfilling those divine instructions to the letter. The contrast becomes most excruciating in each section’s characterization of the high priest: the golden calf story seems to vilify Aaron by placing him at the center of the idolatrous event, while the ritual texts celebrate Aaron and his sons as divinely consecrated priests.
    [Show full text]
  • MAC II in General, All Greek Troops “Constitutionally
    ALEXANDER’S FINAL ARMY An Honors Thesis for the Department of History By Jonathan A. Miller Thesis Advisor: Steven Hirsch Tufts University, 2011 AKNOWLEDGMENTS Alexander the Great is a man with whom many great leaders throughout history have been compared, a model of excellence whose achievements can never quite be matched. 2 My introduction to his legacy occurred in the third grade. Reading a biography of Julius Caesar for a class project, I happened across Plutarch’s famous description of Caesar’s reaction to reading a history of Alexander: “he was lost in thought for a long time, and then burst into tears. His friends were astonished, and asked the reason for his tears. ‘Do you not think,’ said he, ‘that it is a matter of sorrow that while Alexander, at my age, was already king of so many peoples, I have as yet achieved no brilliant success?’”1 This story captivated my imagination and stuck with me throughout my middle and high school years. Once at college, I decided to write a thesis on Alexander to better understand the one man capable of breeding thoughts of inadequacy in Caesar. This work is in many ways a tribute to both Caesar and Alexander. More pointedly, it is an exploration into the designs of a man at the feet of whom lay the whole world. This paper has meant a lot to me. I want to thank all those who made it possible. First and foremost, my undying gratitude goes to Professor Steven Hirsch, who has helped me navigate the difficult process of researching and writing this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    Index Note : Geographical landmarks are listed under the proper name itself: for “Cape Sepias” or “Mt. Athos” see “Sepias” or “Athos.” When a people and a toponym share the same base, see under the toponym: for “Thessalians” see “Thessaly.” Romans are listed according to the nomen, i.e. C. Julius Caesar. With places or people mentioned once only, discretion has been used. Abdera 278 Aeaces II 110, 147 Abydus 222, 231 A egae 272–273 Acanthus 85, 207–208, 246 Aegina 101, 152, 157–158, 187–189, Acarnania 15, 189, 202, 204, 206, 251, 191, 200 347, 391, 393 Aegium 377, 389 Achaia 43, 54, 64 ; Peloponnesian Aegospotami 7, 220, 224, 228 Achaia, Achaian League 9–10, 12–13, Aemilius Paullus, L. 399, 404 54–56, 63, 70, 90, 250, 265, 283, 371, Aeolis 16–17, 55, 63, 145, 233 375–380, 388–390, 393, 397–399, 404, Aeschines 281, 285, 288 410 ; Phthiotic Achaia 16, 54, 279, Aeschylus 156, 163, 179 286 Aetoli Erxadieis 98–101 Achaian War 410 Aetolia, Aetolian League 12, 15, 70, Achaius 382–383, 385, 401 204, 250, 325, 329, 342, 347–348, Acilius Glabrio, M. 402 376, 378–380, 387, 390–391, 393, Acragas 119, COPYRIGHTED165, 259–261, 263, 266, 39MATERIAL6–397, 401–404 352–354, 358–359 Agariste 113, 117 Acrocorinth 377, 388–389 Agathocles (Lysimachus ’ son) 343, 345 ; Acrotatus 352, 355 (King of Sicily) 352–355, 358–359; Actium 410, 425 (King of Bactria) 413–414 Ada 297 Agelaus 391, 410 A History of Greece: 1300 to 30 BC, First Edition. Victor Parker.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconstruction of Vertical and L-Shaped Ancient Egyptian Sundials and Methods for Measuring Time
    Reconstruction of vertical and L-shaped ancient Egyptian sundials and methods for measuring time Larisa N. Vodolazhskaya Department of Space Physics, Southern Federal University (SFU), Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation; E-mails: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract The article presents the results of the study of design features of vertical and L-shaped ancient Egyptian sundials. With the help of astronomical methods were developed their models, based on which the reconstruction of a sundial was held. Also, the original scheme is a simple way to fairly precise of measurement of time with them has been developed. Large urgency of the task due to the lack of similar models and schemes to date. Model offered by us, which describes the vertical sundial, is a vertical sundial, with a sloping gnomon, which takes into account latitude of area. It is based on the assumption of the existence in ancient Egypt representations about an hour (and a half hour) of equal duration throughout the day, does not depend on the time of year. Offered by us model is characterized by marking hour lines from 6 to 12 hours after each hour. From 12 to 12.5 hours produced displacement in the markup of hour lines on half an hour, then the markup is repeated every hour. As a consequence, the reconstruction of the vertical sundials, we have developed and proposed a model that describes the design features and operation of the L-shaped sundials of two types. They had to work together with the inclined gnomon, like vertical sundials or directly with vertical sundials.
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of the Hellenistic World
    Part I THE MAKING OF THE HELLENISTIC WORLD K2 cch01.inddh01.indd 1111 99/14/2007/14/2007 55:03:23:03:23 PPMM K2 cch01.inddh01.indd 1122 99/14/2007/14/2007 55:03:23:03:23 PPMM 1 First Steps 325 300 275 250 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 June 323 Death of Alexander the Great; outbreak of Lamian War 322 Battle of Krannon; end of Lamian War 320 Death of Perdikkas in Egypt; settlement of Triparadeisos 319 Death of Antipater 317 Return of Olympias to Macedonia; deaths of Philip Arrhidaios and Eurydike 316/15 Death of Eumenes of Kardia in Iran 314 Antigonos’ declaration of Tyre; fi rst coalition war (Kas- sander, Lysimachos, and Ptolemy against Antigonos) 312 Battle of Gaza; Seleukos retakes Babylon 311 Treaty ends coalition war 310 Deaths of Alexander IV and Roxane I From Babylon to Triparadeisos The sudden death of the Macedonian king Alexander, far away from home at Babylon in Mesopotamia on June 10, 323, caught the world he ruled fully unprepared for the ensuing crisis. Only two of the men who founded the dynas- ties of kings which dominated the history of the Hellenistic world were even present at Babylon when he died, and only one of them was suffi ciently promi- nent among the offi cers who assembled to debate the future to be given an independent provincial command: Ptolemy, now in his early forties, was appointed to distant Egypt (though with Alexander’s established governor, Kleomenes, as his offi cial deputy). Seleukos, also present at Babylon, but some K2 cch01.inddh01.indd 1133 99/14/2007/14/2007 55:03:23:03:23 PPMM 14 PART I THE MAKING OF THE HELLENISTIC WORLD ten years younger, became cavalry commander in the central government, a post which under Alexander had been equivalent to the king’s deputy but now was envisaged as being purely military.
    [Show full text]
  • Περίληψη : Seleucus I Nicator Was One of the Most Important Kings That Succeeded Alexander the Great
    IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Σκουνάκη Ιουλία Μετάφραση : Κόρκα Αρχοντή Για παραπομπή : Σκουνάκη Ιουλία , "Seleucus I Nicator", Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=9750> Περίληψη : Seleucus I Nicator was one of the most important kings that succeeded Alexander the Great. Originally a mere member of the corps of the hetaeroi, he became an officer of the Macedonian army and, after taking advantage of the conflict among Alexanderʹs successors, he was proclaimed satrap of Babylonia. After a series of successful diplomatic movements and military victories in the long‑lasting wars against the other Successors, he founded the kingdom and the dynasty of the Seleucids, while he practically revived the empire of Alexander the Great. Άλλα Ονόματα Nicator Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης Europos, 358/354 BC Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου Lysimacheia, 280 BC Κύρια Ιδιότητα Officer of the Macedonian army, satrap of Babylonia (321-316 BC), founder of the kingdom (312 BC) and the dynasty of the Seleucids. 1. Biography Seleucus was born in Macedonia circa 355 BC, possibly in the city of Europos. Pella is also reported to have been his birth city, but that is most likely within the framework of the later propaganda aiming to present Seleucus as the new Alexander the Great.1He was son of Antiochus, a general of Philip II, and Laodice.2 He was about the same age as Alexander the Great and followed him in his campaign in Asia. He was not an important soldier at first, but on 326 BC he led the shieldbearers (hypaspistai)in the battle of the Hydaspes River against the king of India, Porus (also Raja Puru).
    [Show full text]