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Licensing of Vowel Length in Czech POTSDAM LINGUISTIC INVESTIGATIONS POTSDAMER LINGUISTISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN RECHERCHES LINGUISTIQUES À POTSDAM

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Licensing of Vowel Length in Czech POTSDAM LINGUISTIC INVESTIGATIONS POTSDAMER LINGUISTISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN RECHERCHES LINGUISTIQUES À POTSDAM Licensing of Vowel Length in Czech POTSDAM LINGUISTIC INVESTIGATIONS POTSDAMER LINGUISTISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN RECHERCHES LINGUISTIQUES À POTSDAM Edited by / Herausgegeben von / Edité par Peter Kosta, Gerda Haßler, Teodora Radeva-Bork, Lilia Schürcks, Nadine Thielemann and/und/et Vladislava Maria Warditz Editorial Board: Tilman Berger (University of Tübingen, Germany) Željko Boškovi (University of Connecticut, USA) Sarah Dessì Schmid (University of Tübingen, Germany) ć Anna Maria di Sciullo (UQAM / Université du Québec à Montreál, Montreal, Canada) Steven Franks (Indiana University, Bloomington, USA) Atle Grønn (University of Oslo, Norway) Holger Kuße (Dresden University of Technology, Germany) Hans-Georg Wolf (University of Potsdam, Germany) Ghil'ad Zuckermann (University of Adelaide, Australia) Vol./Bd 22 Zu Qualitätssicherung und Peer Review Notes on the quality assurance and peer der vorliegenden Publikation review of this publication Die Qualität der in dieser Reihe Prior to publication, the quality of the erscheinenden Arbeiten wird vor der work published in this series is double Publikation durch einen externen, von der blind reviewed by an external referee Herausgeberschaft benannten Gutachter appointed by the editorship. The im Double Blind Verfahren geprüft. Dabei referee is not aware of the author's ist der Autor der Arbeit dem Gutachter name when performing the review; während der Prüfung namentlich nicht the referee's name is not disclosed. bekannt; der Gutachter bleibt anonym. POTSDAM LINGUISTIC INVESTIGATIONS Markéta Ziková POTSDAMER LINGUISTISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN RECHERCHES LINGUISTIQUES À POTSDAM Edited by / Herausgegeben von / Edité par Peter Kosta, Gerda Haßler, Teodora Radeva-Bork, Lilia Schürcks, Nadine Thielemann and/und/et Vladislava Maria Warditz Editorial Board: Licensing of Vowel Length Tilman Berger (University of Tübingen, Germany) Željko Boškovi (University of Connecticut, USA) Sarah Dessì Schmid (University of Tübingen, Germany) in Czech ć Anna Maria di Sciullo (UQAM / Université du Québec à Montreál, Montreal, Canada) The Syntax–Phonology Interface Steven Franks (Indiana University, Bloomington, USA) Atle Grønn (University of Oslo, Norway) Holger Kuße (Dresden University of Technology, Germany) Hans-Georg Wolf (University of Potsdam, Germany) Ghil'ad Zuckermann (University of Adelaide, Australia) Vol./Bd 22 Zu Qualitätssicherung und Peer Review Notes on the quality assurance and peer der vorliegenden Publikation review of this publication Die Qualität der in dieser Reihe Prior to publication, the quality of the erscheinenden Arbeiten wird vor der work published in this series is double Publikation durch einen externen, von der blind reviewed by an external referee Herausgeberschaft benannten Gutachter appointed by the editorship. The im Double Blind Verfahren geprüft. Dabei referee is not aware of the author's ist der Autor der Arbeit dem Gutachter name when performing the review; während der Prüfung namentlich nicht the referee's name is not disclosed. bekannt; der Gutachter bleibt anonym. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available online at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Cover Design: © Olaf Gloeckler, Atelier Platen, Friedberg Printed by CPI books GmbH, Leck ISSN 1862-524X ISBN 978-3-631-71705-9 (Print) E-ISBN 978-3-631-74623-3 (E-PDF) E-ISBN 978-3-631-74624-0 (EPUB) E-ISBN 978-3-631-74625-7 (MOBI) DOI 10.3726/b13276 © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2108 All rights reserved. Peter Lang – Berlin ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙ Oxford ∙ Warszawa ∙ Wien All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in electronic retrieval systems. This publication has been peer reviewed. www.peterlang.com Acknowledgments Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available online at http://dnb.d-nb.de. I am indebted to Pavel Caha for his valuable comments and suggestions. I am also grateful to Lucie Taraldsen Medová for improving the manuscript. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Above all, I would like to thank Tom, Eli and Veru for their patience. A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the The research for this book was supported by a three-year grant (no. 14-04215S) Library of Congress. from the Czech Science Foundation (GA CR). Cover Design: © Olaf Gloeckler, Atelier Platen, Friedberg Printed by CPI books GmbH, Leck ISSN 1862-524X ISBN 978-3-631-71705-9 (Print) E-ISBN 978-3-631-74623-3 (E-PDF) E-ISBN 978-3-631-74624-0 (EPUB) E-ISBN 978-3-631-74625-7 (MOBI) DOI 10.3726/b13276 © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2108 All rights reserved. Peter Lang – Berlin ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙ Oxford ∙ Warszawa ∙ Wien All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in electronic retrieval systems. This publication has been peer reviewed. www.peterlang.com 5 Motto: Une théorie inexacte amène une rectification, tandis que l’absence de théo- rie n’amène rien. Maurice Grammont Content 1. Introduction ................................................................................................11 2. Vowels Autosegmentalized ...................................................................15 2.1 Vowel System of Czech ........................................................................15 2.2 Decomposing Vowels: Element Theory .............................................17 2.2.1 The Basic Pattern /I/-/U/-/A/ and Its Phonetic Spell-Out ..... 20 2.3 Vowel Length Alternations ..................................................................23 2.3.1 Segmental Homonymy ............................................................... 23 2.3.2 Pure vs. Qualitative Lengthening .............................................. 27 2.3.3 Mid-Vowel Length Alternations ............................................... 32 2.3.4 Diphthongal Length Alternations ............................................. 37 2.4 Morphemic Length Alternations: Prosodic Affixes .........................39 3. Length in Hypocoristics .........................................................................45 3.1 The Basic Phonological Pattern ..........................................................45 3.2 Bethin’s (2003) Templatic Analysis ....................................................47 3.3 Decomposing the Hypocoristics ........................................................51 3.3.1 The Templatic Morpheme: Rewriting of Prosodic Structure ...................................................................... 55 3.3.2 The Morphosyntactic Hierarchy: Closeness over Familiarity ........................................................................... 58 3.4 Closeness-Expressing Hypocoristics..................................................59 3.4.1 The Gender Pattern .................................................................... 60 3.4.2 Hypocoristics as Syntactic Compounds .................................. 63 3.4.3 Lengthened Forms ...................................................................... 66 3.4.4 Decomposing Gender: Gender-Ambiguous Names .............. 68 3.4.5 Feminine Hypocoristics ............................................................. 70 3.4.6 Interim Summary ....................................................................... 72 9 3.5 Familiarity-Expressing Hypocoristics................................................72 3.6 Suppletive Forms ..................................................................................74 3.7 Summary ...............................................................................................76 4. Length in Diminutives ............................................................................79 4.1 Scheer’s (2003, 2004) Templatic Analysis ..........................................80 4.2 Phonology of Diminutive Suffixes and Diminutive Stems ..............84 4.2.1 Evidence That -ek Starts with [e] Lexically .............................. 84 4.2.2 Evidence That -ík Is Not Just Lengthened -ek ......................... 85 4.2.3 Evidence That -ík Starts with [i] Lexically ............................... 87 4.2.4 Length Alternations in Bases: The Gender Asymmetry ........ 88 4.3 Decomposing the Diminutives ...........................................................91 4.3.1 Long vs. Short Diminutive Stems ............................................. 91 4.3.2 Against Shortened Stems ........................................................... 95 4.3.3 The Suffix -ek Is a Fully-Fledged Noun .................................. 102 4.3.4 The Morphosyntactic Hierarchy: Size over Affection .......... 105 4.3.5 Decomposing the Suffix -ík ....................................................
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