Celebrating Diversity In The Uniformed Services DEOMI 2000 Calendar Cover Images

The images on the cover of the year 2000 DEOMI calendar are meant to capture the theme of the calendar, which is a celebration of diversity and multiculturalism in the uniformed services. These images from left to right and top to bottom are:

U.S. Navy Chaplain Thomas W. Falkenthal gives communion to a Marine during a Catholic mass held in the snow at Silver Creek, Calif., on Feb. 2, 1997. Marines from the 2nd Marine and 3rd Battalion, 8th Marines, Camp Lejeune, N.C., are at the Mountain Warfare Training Center, Bridgeport, Calif., to train in cold weather survival and arctic warfare. Photo courtesy Department of Defense, Defense Link, Lance Cpl. E.J. Young, U.S. Marine Corps. (970202-M-8708Y-001)

Private First Class Carla Campbell, of the , Fort Bragg, N.C., ready to jump onto the Sicily Drop Zone as part of Joint Task Force Exercise, January, 1998. Photo courtesy Defense Visual Information, Joint Combat Camera Center. (980129-F-0697K-048)

Two color guards and color bearers of the Japanese-American 442d Combat Team stand at attention while their citations are read. They are standing on ground in the Bruyeres area, France, where many of their comrades fell. Photo taken November 11, 1944. Photo courtesy of U.S. Army Signal Corps Photo #20365 (Musser).

Two unidentified women Marine Corps reservists in training. Photo courtesy Defense Visual Information, Joint Combat Camera.

The helmsman aboard USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75), the Navy’s newest aircraft carrier, minds his course carefully as he steers his ship, which is the size of four and a half football fields. Truman was conducting Carrier Qualifications off the U.S. Atlantic coast. Photo taken December 10, 1999. U.S. Navy Photo by Photographer’s Mate 3rd Class Aaron J. Lebsack. (991210-N-9630L-502)

Corporal Hiroshi H. Miyamura, U.S. Army. recipient for conspicuous gallantry against the enemy in Korea on April 24 and 25, 1951. Photo courtesy Still Pictures Branch, National Archives, College Park, Maryland. (SC-445917, Box 267)

Master Sgt. Roy P. Benavidez, U.S. Army. Medal of Honor recipient for a series of daring and extremely valorous actions in Vietnam on May 2, 1968, where he was credited for saving the lives of at least eight men. Photo courtesy Congressional Medal of Honor Society.

The first Air Force all-female flight crew to fly an overseas mission included: from left to right, Capt Guiliana Sangiorgio , aircraft commander; Capt Barbara Akin, 1st pilot; 1Lt Terri Ollinger, copilot; Tech Sgt Donna Wertz, flight engineer; Staff Sgt Denise Meunier, flight engineer; Sgt Mary Eiche, load master; and Airman 1st Class Bernadette Botti. Photo courtesy Defense Visual Information, Joint Combat Camera Center. (DF-ST-84-01734)

Ensign Matice Wright, the Navy’s first black female naval flight officer, poses for a photograph. Wright is assigned to Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadron 3 (VQ-3). Photo courtesy Defense Visual Information, Joint Combat Camera Center. (DN-SC-93-04639)

One hundred and seventeen recruits receive last orders before boarding the Coast Guard Cutter Eagle (WIX 327) for five weeks of boot camp. The Eagle, a 295-foot, three-masted tall ship, traditionally trains only cadets from the Coast Guard Academy in New London. USCG photo by PA1 Rob Wyman. (980225-L-5543W-0010)

Navajo code talkers shown on Bouganville in Solomon Islands. Photo courtesy of the U.S. Marines photo archive.

Henry O. Flipper, the first Black to graduate from West Point (1877). Photo courtesy of the U.S. Army photo archive. Colin Powell, U.S. Army

Born in 1937, General Colin Powell, U.S. Army, was the highest ranking African-American officer in history and served as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1989 to 1993. He served two tours of duty (1962–63, 1968–69) during the and later served in two command posts (commander, 2d Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, 1976–77; commander, V Corps, Europe, 1986) and staff assignments (military assistant to the Deputy Defense Secretary, 1979–81, and to the Defense Secretary 1983–86). From 1987 to 1989 he was President Reagan's National Security Adviser. In 1989, he was made a four–star General and appointed chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Powell played a crucial role in the planning of U.S. strategy during the Persian (1991).

Photo Courtesy of Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense-Public Affairs and the Defense Technical Information Center. January 2000 Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services :

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 1969: Staff Sgt. Rodney James Takashi Yano earns Medal of Honor for heroism in Vietnam. New Year’s Day 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1952: COL Irene O. 1957: COL Mary Louise 1913: Yonosuke 1994: MSG Nell 1943: 1LT Masao 1973: New 11-week 1965: Four Navy nurses Galloway appointed Milligan appointed Enouye, first Japanese Hubbard, first enlisted Yamada becomes first WAC officer/officer injured during Vietcong Women’s Army Corps Director, WAC. graduate of U.S. Naval woman to retire from Japanese - American cadet course bombing; become first (WAC) Director. Academy, class of 1891, service after 20 Army chaplain. inaugurated. Graduates women awarded Purple dies. consecutive years, dies. then attend male branch Heart in Vietnam. Epiphany officer course. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1943: Eight, African - 1912: MAJ Della H. 1959: Mary M. Roberts, 1918: Training begins 1994: Secretary of 1995: Stimson Library, 1965: First women American Women’s Raney, first African - Army Nurse Corps, for women recruited into Defense announces new Ft. Sam , TX, advisors assigned to Auxiliary Army Corps American nurse to be WWI, writer, historian, Army Signal Corps. less restrictive ground dedicated in memory of Women’s Armed Forces (WAAC) officers commissioned LT in and editor of American combat policy for COL Julia C. Stimson, Corps, Vietnam. received OCS Army Nurse Corps, Journal of Nursing, women, rescinding 1988 fifth Superintendent, Martin Luther King commissions. WWII, born. died. “risk rule.” Army Nurse Corps. Jr’s Birthday 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1942: Jose Calugas, 1943: 2LT Elsie Ott, 1964: COL Barbara J. 1905: Oveta Culp 1920: Marcario Garcia, 1915: Fireman 2nd Class 1943: Ruth Cheney Philippine Scout, U.S. becomes first nurse to Bishop this month Hobby, founder of Army SSG (WWII), Telesforo Trinidad, Streeter becomes first Army, awarded Medal receive Air Medal for became the fifth WAAC, U.S. Army, Medal of Honor USN, earns Medal of Director, Women of Honor for bravery Meritorious Service. Director, Women born. recipient, born. Honor for heroism Marines, with rank of under attack against Martin Luther King’s Marines. during a fire aboard USS this month. Japanese in Philippines. Birthday (observed) San Diego. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Alene B. Duerk 1985: Maj Ellison S. 1991: Melissa Rathburn- 1943: BG Sherian Grace 1933: Leo Márequez, Lt 1926: Harold Gonsalves, 1932: Máximo Yabes, appointed ENS in Navy Onizuka, USAF, serves Nealy, first U.S. enlisted Cadoria, first woman Gen, USAF, is born in Medal of Honor Medal of Honor Nurse Corps (1943), as mission specialist on female POW (Gulf War) African - American Paralta, NM. recipient and Marine recipient and Army 1SG became Navy’s first first DOD space shuttle & first since WWII, is general officer, U.S. Corps PFC (WWII), (Vietnam War), is born woman RADM in 1972. mission. repatriated. Army, born. born. in Lodi, CA. 30 31 This month in 1945, the 1929: Richard Cavazos, Navy dropped the color first Hispanic four-star bar against African - general, is born in King American nurses. Ranch, TX.

2000 Three commanding four-star officers Pictured, clockwise, are three four-star officers; General Johnnie E. Wilson, U.S. Army; Admiral J. Paul Reason, U.S. Navy; and General Lloyd W. "Fig" Newton, U.S. Air Force. As of September 1998, with General Wilson’s appointment as commander of the Army Materiel Command, Alexandria, Va., this marks the first time that the three military departments have had African Americans as (major command) commanders at the same time. General Newton is commander of the Air Education and Training Command, Randolph Air Force Base, Texas; and Admiral Reason is commander of the Atlantic Fleet in Norfolk, Va., and the first African-American four-star admiral. Photos Courtesy of the Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense Public Affairs and the Defense Technical Information Center. February 2000 Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday African- 1 2 3 4 5 1978: Women enlisting 1943: Japanese 1942: Willibald C. 1976: First two women 1941: Chief Nurse American in the Armed Forces American 442nd Bianchi, U.S. Army, USCG Academy cadets Marion B. Olds and have a 6-year reserve Regimental Combat earned Medal of Honor offered appointments. Nurse Leona Jackson, History obligation starting Team is activated. for gallantry and USN, arrives in Guam. today. intrepidity, Bataan, Month Groundhog Day Philippines. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1943: War Department 1944: LTs Carrie Sheetz 1972: Navy authorizes 1930: Angelo D. Juárez, 1970: John P. Baca, U.S. 1920: Gen Daniel 1945: WAC African - sets goal of graduating and Marjorie Morrow, Pilot Program MG, U.S. Army Army, earns Medal of “Chappie” James, born. American 6888th Postal 750 pilots from Army Nurse Corps, Scholarships for women Reserve, is born in Honor for gallantry and Promoted to four-star Directory Battalion Women’s Flying killed in bombing of 95th who commit to serving Chicago, IL. intrepidity for action in rank in 1974, thus returns from Europe; Training Detachment. Evacuation Hospital, four years active duty. Vietnam. becoming highest- only Afr.– Amer. WAC Anzio, Italy. ranking black officer in unit to serve overseas. USAF. Lincoln’s Birthday 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1945: Manuel Perez, 1988: Secretary of 1994: 1Lt Jeannie Flynn 1988: This month a 1942: 1LT Mary Ann 1943: First class of 1942: U.S. War U.S. Army, earns Medal Defense reaffirms policy completes training on F- DOD directive Sullivan earns the Army flight nurses Department authorizes of Honor for courage against sexual 15E fighters, becoming (1300.170) entitled, for graduates. first Filipino infantry and heroism, Philippine harassment during first USAF female “Accommodation of valor behind German battalion from among Islands. Armed Forces Personnel combat pilot. lines in North Africa. Filipino Americans. Council meeting. Religious Practice within Military Valentine’s Day Service,” issued. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1943: 1,200 Filipinos 1913: Georgia “Tiny” 1944: Jack C. 1945: Ira Hamilton 1992: Bertha Dworsky 1944: 24 Members of 1958: USAF Lt Col serving in the U.S. Broadwick tests new Montgomery, a Hayes, a Pima Native Henderson, POW in Squadron 10, the first all Susan J. Helms born; to Armed Forces granted parachute called “life Cherokee Indian and American, plays a major Corregidor during African - American serve in second crew on citizenship. boat” for U.S. Army. 1LT with the 45th role in fighting at Iwo WWII, dies. navigators, are NASA’s first space Infantry, earns Medal of Jima, becomes one of commissioned. station launch. Washington’s Birthday Honor for action in the famous main flag (observed) Padiglione, Italy. raisers. 27 28 29 1991: MAJ Rhonda 1954: First WAC 1998: Harvey C. Cornum, Army Flight Officer Advanced Russell, first African Surgeon, shot down over Course opened at WAC American commissioned , captured as POW School, Ft. Lee, VA this in USCG, died this in Gulf War. month. month. Served in WWII.

2000 Signing of Public Law 90-130

President Lyndon B. Johnson signs Public Law 90- 130, November 8, 1967. The law opened promotions for women to general and flag ranks, lifted ceilings on other ranks, and removed the two percent ceiling on the number of women allowed on active duty.

Photo Courtesy of Armed Forces Information Service. March 2000 Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Women’s 1 2 3 4 1991: Army MAJ Marie 1973: Women begin 1994: Secretary of 1977: Janna Lambine, History T. Rossi, flying a CH- pilot training for the Defense enacts the Perry USCG, receives her 47D Chinook cargo U.S. Navy. Mandate, further wings and begins flying Month helicopter in Desert refining equal helicopters as first Storm, killed in a crash. opportunity throughout woman USCG pilot. the DOD. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1998: Lt Col Eileen 1991: PVT Adrienne 1942: First five African 1945: Phyllis Daley 1976: 119 women 1945: Navy and civilian 1901: Dita H. Kinney Marie Collins, USAF, Mitchell killed in a - American cadets becomes the first accepted for admission nurses interned at Los officially appointed first named first woman SCUD attack, Desert commissioned as U.S. African - American to the U.S. Military Banos, Philippines, Superintendent, Army space shuttle Storm, is buried with Army Air Corps pilots. ENS, Navy Nurse Academy as class of flown back to U.S.; Nurse Corps, this commander. full honors, Riverside Corps. 1980, of which 61 awarded Bronze Star month. National Cemetery. Shrove Tuesday Inter. Women’s Day graduate. medals. Ash Wednesday 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1991: Army MAJ Marie 1991: SPC Melissa 1917: Henry Johnson, 1947: John Lee becomes 1996: Jewish War 1969: Sgt Barbara J. 1994: Bruce L. T. Rossi, the only Rathburn-Nealy & MAJ U.S. Army, awarded first African - American Veterans of the United Dulinsky, first Woman Yamashita woman pilot killed in Rhonda Cornum, U.S. Croix de Guerre from commissioned officer in States, oldest active Marine ordered into commissioned as a Capt Gulf War, interred at Army, decorated with French government for the regular Navy. national veterans' combat, arrives in after a 5-year ground Arlington National , POW, and single-handedly fighting service organization in Vietnam. breaking legal battle Cemetery. National Defense an entire German patrol. America, celebrates against USMC for medals in Desert Storm. centennial. St. Patrick’s Day discrimination. Festival of Sacrifice 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1945: Silvestres Herrera, 1969: Teruo Terry 1983: LT Elizabeth 1917: Loretta Walsh 1996: SGT Heather 1997: President Clinton 1944: The last 2 of 13 U.S. Army, earns Medal Kawamura, U.S. Army Toedt completes first becomes first woman to Johnson becomes first nominates MG Claudia Army Flight Nurses on a of Honor for courage Medal of Honor operational all-female enlist in U.S. Navy. woman to stand watch at J. Kennedy, Nov. 1943 evacuation and heroism in France. recipient, killed in crew carrier landing in a the Tomb of the DCS/Intelligence, flight from Sicily to action, South Vietnam. C-1A. Unknowns, Arlington Army’s first woman 3- Bari, with emergency National Cemetery. star general. landing in Albania, Purim escape. 26 27 28 29 30 31 1930: DACOWITS 1964: Army nurses 1962: Troy Devine, first 1973: Last of more than 1968: SGM Yzetta 1963: Capt Edward member and Supreme begin participating in woman captain in USAF 5,000 nurses leave Nelson becomes first Dwight, Jr., USAF, Court Justice, Sandra relief operations to aid U-2 program, born. Vietnam two months woman promoted to first African American Day O’Connor, born. victims of a violent after cease-fire. Command SGM. chosen for astronaut earthquake in Alaska. training.

2000 MCPO Vincent W. Patton III USCG

Master Chief Petty Officer Vincent W. Patton is the United States Coast Guard’s top enlisted member and the first African American in this position. Patton is the principal advisor to the Coast Guard commandant on quality-of- life issues, career development, work environment, and other personnel functions associated with the service’s 36,000 enlisted active duty members. Patton joined the USCG in 1972 and holds multiple degrees, including a Master’s and Doctorate, and is a graduate of the USCG Chief Petty Officer’s Academy, the U.S. Sergeants Major Academy (with distinction), and the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute. He was principal developer of the USCG enlistment evaluation system in 1984, and co-authored the 1991 Women in the Coast Guard study.

Photo Courtesy of Department of Transportation/United States Coast Guard. [990820-I-0000A-001] April 2000 Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 1991: 1LT Susan E. Meckfessel becomes the first U.S. Military Academy graduate appointed to Army Nurse Corps. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1980: Secretary of 1992: Naval Training 1975: Capt Mary 1991: PO Shirley Marie 1945: PFC Sadao S. 1992: This month Carol 1971: Susanne M. Defense announces Center graduates first Klinker killed in Cross, Operation Desert Munemori, 442nd, earns D. Keehner becomes Ocobok becomes first WAAC service will be five mixed-gender Operation Babylift; Storm and Desert Medal of Honor for Navy’s first woman woman industrial-civil considered active recruit companies, posthumously awarded Shield, dies in combat. supreme heroism in Seabee Master Chief. engineer in USAF, military service with all Orlando, FL. Airman’s Medal for combat, Italy. Kelley AFB, TX. Veterans Administration Heroism and Islamic New Year laws applicable. Meritorious Service. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1972: LTC Gero Iwai, 1987: NY State 1968: 312th Army 1943: Chinese American 1917: As U.S. enters 1973: Supreme Court 1986: Maj Fernando L. U.S. Army (Ret.) Legislature adopts Nurses Evacuation Dorothy Yang receives WWI, 200 women rules it unconstitutional Ribas-Dominici, USAF earliest and most senior resolution designating Hospital deployed, diploma and wings; enlist as Navy yeomen, for the DOD to require pilot, is shot down and Japanese American to week of June 1 Women Vietnam. becomes first WASP and 403 Army nurses women to provide proof killed by hostile fire serve in military Veteran’s Benefits pilot this month. were on active duty to that claims of near Libya. intelligence, dies. Week. date. dependents are valid. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1979: Beverly Kelley 1943: Edith Greenwood 1979: LTJG Beverly 1945: David M. 1994: Maj Jackie Parker, 1966: PFC Milton L. 1942: First Filipino becomes first woman becomes first woman to Kelly, USCG, took Gonzales, U.S. Army, becomes first Air Oliver is first Af. Amer. infantry battalion, U.S. commander of a USCG receive the Soldiers command of the CGC earns Medal of Honor in National Guard combat to receive the Medal of Army, activated, Camp ship. Medal. Cape Newagen, one of the Philippines for pilot. Honor in Vietnam War. San Luis Obispo, CA. Palm Sunday the first women to do so. exceptional bravery. First Day of Passover Good Friday 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1995: Geraldine Pratt, 1951: CPL Hiroshi H. 1998: John B. 1923: Cleto Rodríguez, 1957: Naomi McCraken 1945: PFC Alejandro R. 1956: First three Army first woman Director, Miyamura, U.S. Army, Herrington, USAF, first Medal of Honor becomes first woman Renteria Ruiz, U.S. nurses arrive in WAF turned 100 this earns Medal of Honor in Native American to recipient and U.S. Army USAF Academy staff Army, earns Medal of Vietnam. month. Korea. graduate from NASA sergeant (WWII), born member as Assistant Honor in Easter Sunday training program. in Texas. Director, Cadet Records. Okinawa. 30 1975: Marine Master Sgt Juan J. Valdéz is last to leave U.S. Embassy in Vietnam as war ends.

2000 Brigadier General Benjamin O. Davis

Brigadier General Benjamin O. Davis (1877- 1970) was the first African-American general in the , having risen from the rank of . His son, Benjamin Oliver Davis, Jr., (born 1912) was the first African-American Air Force general (1954-65), and lieutenant general (1965-70).

Although success came late in his military career, Davis was nonetheless a tireless proponent of desegregation and equal civil rights despite professional and personal hardships, and is considered a significant force in shaping the future achievements of African Americans.

Photo courtesy Still Pictures Branch, National Archives, College Park, Maryland. NWDNS-111- SC-192258 May 2000 Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thrusday Friday Saturday Asian – 1 2 3 4 5 6 1950: First direct Army 1968: Roy P. Benavidez, As of May 1999, 46,995 1977: Army Board for 1995: Col Betty L. 1999: RADM Evelyn Pacific commissions offered to Special Forces, earns Asian - Pacific Correction of Military Mullis becomes first Fields becomes first women college Medal of Honor for Americans are on Records restores Medal woman to command a woman to take Heritage graduates. daring and extremely active-duty. of Honor to Dr. Mary E. USAF flying wing – the command of a U.S. valorous action in Walker – first female 940th Air Refueling government ship for Month Vietnam. recipient of award Wing. NOAA. (1864). Cinco de Mayo 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1947: CPT Mary 1991: House Armed 1993: USAF this month 1983: First all-female 1978: Margaret A. 1940: Benjamin O. 1981: Elizabeth Anne Hallaren appointed Services Committee declares all aircraft C-141 USAF aircrew Brewer is appointed first Davis becomes the first Rowe becomes first WAC director. votes to allow women to assignments open to makes overseas flight. USMC general. African-American woman graduate, U.S. serve in combat military women. general in U.S. Armed Navel Academy, this aircraft. Forces. month. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1973: Supreme court 1987: Hoang Nhu Tran, 1983: LT Leslie E. 1978: First women – one 1953: Jacqueline 1908: U.S. Navy Nurse 1953: USCG Academy rules women must be a former Vietnamese Provow, Naval Aviator, from each of the five Cochran becomes first Corps established this graduate and USCG treated equally with boat person, graduates becomes first woman Armed Services – debut woman to pilot an month. Commander, Clyde men in all matters of first in his class, USAF designated Landing as members of White aircraft supersonically. Kazuto Watabe, born. dependency and Academy. Signal Officer this House Honor Guard. entitlements; DOD month. authorizes back pay. Mother’s Day 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 1951: SGT Joseph C. 1943: First African - 1944: Van Barefoot, a 1970: WO Louis R. 1977: USCG Academy 1943: PVT Joe P. 1942: PVT Dorie Miller Rodriguez, U.S. Army, American WAC unit Choctaw Indian and Rocco, U.S. Army, announces women will Martinez, U.S. Army, awarded Navy Cross for earns Medal of Honor assigned to 5th Service 2LT earns a Medal of earns Medal of Honor be assigned permanent earns Medal of Honor courage for shooting for risking his life while Command, arrives at Honor in Anzio, Italy, for distinguishing duty afloat for first time for gallantry and down at least two under attack, Korea. Camp Atterbury, IN. for action above and himself during in USCG history. intrepidity in action on Japanese airplanes beyond the call of duty. evacuation maneuvers, Attu, Aleutians. during Pearl Harbor Vietnam. Awarded posthumously. attack. 28 29 30 31 1941: Congresswoman 1997: Capt Amy Lynn 1974: Congress reduces 1951: CPL Rodolfo P. Edith Nurse Rogers Svoboda, first woman minimum enlistment age Hernandez, U.S. Army, introduces bill HR 4906 pilot fatality in USAF, for women to coincide earns Medal of Honor to establish WAAC. dies after A-10 with men. for bravery under fire, Thunderbolt crashes Korea. during training. Memorial Day

2000 General Eric K. Shinseki, Chief of Staff United States Army

General Shinseki assumed duties as the 34th Chief of Staff, United States Army, on 22 June 1999. General Shinseki graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1965 with a Bachelor of Science Degree. He also holds a Master of Arts Degree in English Literature from Duke University. General Shinseki’s military education includes the Armor Officer Advanced Course, the United States Army Command and General Staff College, and the National War College. Since his commissioning, General Shinseki has served in a variety of command and staff assignments both in the Continental United States and overseas, to include two combat tours with the 9th and 25th Infantry Divisions in the Republic of Vietnam as an Artillery Forward Observer and as Commander of Troop A, 3rd Squadron, 5th Cavalry. He has served in at Schofield Barracks with Headquarters, United States Army Hawaii, and Fort Shafter with Headquarters, United States Army Pacific. He has taught at the United States Military Academy’s Department of English. During duty with the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment at Fort Bliss, Texas, he served as the Regimental Adjutant and as the Executive Officer of its 1st Squadron. General Shinseki’s ten-plus years of service in Europe included assignments as the Commander, 3rd Squadron, 7th Cavalry (Schweinfurt); the Commander, 2nd Brigade, (Kitzingen); the Assistant Chief of Staff G3 (Operations, Plans and Training) (Wuerzburg); and the Assistant Division Commander for Maneuver (Schweinfurt), all with the 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized). He served as the Assistant Chief of Staff, G3 (Operations, Plans and Training), VII Corps (Stuttgart). General Shinseki served as the Deputy Chief of Staff for Support, Allied Land Forces Southern Europe (Verona, Italy), an element of the Allied Command Europe. From March 1994 to July 1995, General Shinseki commanded the 1st Cavalry Division at Fort Hood, Texas. In July 1996, he was promoted to lieutenant general and became the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, United States Army. In June 1997, General Shinseki was appointed to the rank of general before assuming duties as the Commanding General, United States Army Europe; Commander, Allied Land Forces Central Europe; and Commander, NATO Stabilization Force in Bosnia- Herzegovina. General Shinseki assumed duties as the 28th Vice Chief of Staff, United States Army on 24 November 1998. General Shinseki has been awarded the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit (with Oak Leaf Clusters), with “V” Device (with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters), Purple Heart (with ), Meritorious Service Medal (with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters), Air Medal, Army Commendation Medal (with Oak Leaf Cluster), Army Achievement Medal, Parachutist Badge, Ranger Tab, Office of the Secretary of Defense Identification Badge, Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge, and the Army Staff Identification Badge. Photo Courtesy of Department of Defense. June 2000 Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 1912: José M. López, 1948: Congress passes 1949: Wesley A. Brown Medal of Honor PL 625, the Women’s becomes first African recipient and Army Armed Services Act, American to graduate Sergeant (WWII), is establishing a permanent from U.S. Naval born in Mission, TX. place for women in Academy. Ascension Day Armed Forces. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1920: Army 1943: 11 African - 1999: USMC Brig Gen 1904: Kiro Kunitomo, 1990: CDR Rosemary 1994: Navy’s Annual 1983: LT Colleen Reorganization Act American WAC officers Frances C. Wilson one of the first Japanese Mariner becomes first Aviation Command Nevius becomes first authorizes relative rank commissioned after assumes command of graduates of the U.S. Navy woman to Screening Board reports woman naval aviator to for Army women. graduating from 31st the 3rd Force Service Naval Academy, dies. command a fleet jet the highest number of graduate from USN Test OCS class. Support Group; only squadron. women ever selected. Pilot School and be female general officer in Ascension Day (5/17) designated Navy Test USMC. (Orthodox) 1st Day of Shavuot Pilot. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1970: COLs Elizabeth P. 1995: Rebecca Marier 1980: Donna Maller 1945: COL Florence A. 1955: LTC Ruby G. 1927: Theodore 1993: Lt Col Patricia Hoisington, WAC Dir., becomes first female to graduates and is Blanchfiled, Chief, Bradley awarded Kalakuka becomes first Fornes becomes first and Anna Mae Hays, graduate from U.S. commissioned, U.S. Army Nurse Corps, Florence Nightingale Ukranian American to woman to command a Army Nurse Corps, Military Academy as Military Academy, one awarded distinguished Medal while a Japanese graduate from U.S. combat squadron upon become first women to first in class. of 13 Jewish cadets, this Service Medal for POW in WWII, and for Military Academy. taking over 740th Missile obtain BG rank. month. leadership in WWII. service in Korea. Eventually attains rank Squadron, Minot AFB, Pentecost Flag Day Mohammed’s Birthday of colonel. ND. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1991: Senate Armed 1947: COL Florence A. 1997: USCG announces 1968: SPC Hector 1944: House of 1949: Emilio A. de la 1922: Alejandro R. Services Subcommittee Blanchfield, Chief, it will name a cutter to Santiago-Colon, U.S. Representatives rejects Garza, Jr., Medal of Rentería-Ruiz, Medal of on Manpower and Army Nurse Corps, honor Alex Haley, the Army, posthumously legislation that would Honor recipient and Honor recipient and Personnel hold first becomes first woman first USCG Chief awarded Medal of militarize the WASP. Marine Corps lance Army private first class hearing on lifting with permanent Journalist and author of Honor for action above , born in (WWII), is born, combat restriction for commission. Roots. and beyond the call of Chicago, IL. Loving, NM. women. Father’s Day duty in Vietnam. Pentecost (Orthodox) 25 26 27 28 29 30 1941: Fair Employment 1944: All Japanese 1950: 13 platoons of 1998: This month Rabbi 1943: USCG Academy 1975: Secretary of Practices Commission American 442d Marine Corps Women’s Aaron Landes honored becomes first of service Defense ends established under Regimental Combat Reserve mobilized for for 36 years as Navy academies to accept involuntary discharge of executive order to Team begins first of five ‘involuntary service’ in chaplain. Only rabbi to women for auxiliary pregnant women and prohibit racial major European , this month. hold rank of rear training. mothers. discrimination in campaigns. admiral. defense industry.

2000 Three Native American Marine Corps women reservists, during WWII Photographed at Camp Lejune, North Carolina, are (left to right) Minnie Spotted Wolf, a Blackfoot Native American; Celia Mix, a Native American; and Viola Eastman, a Chippewa Native American. Minnie Spotted Wolf was the first Native- American woman enlisted as a Marine Corps Reservist, July 1941. [US Marine Corps Photograph. October 16, 1943]

Photo courtesy Still Pictures Branch, National Archives, College Park, Maryland. 208-NS- 4350-2 July 2000 Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 1949: Air Force Nurse Corps established.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1964: This month 1990: Women Marines 1994: Maj Gen Carol 1943: Oveta Culp 1918: Women Nurse 1976: First class of 1974: Rev. Alice M. Margaret E. Bailey Association celebrates Mutter becomes then Hobby appointed Corps redesignated women admitted to U.S. Henderson becomes first African - 30th anniversary. highest-ranking woman Director, WAC Army Nurse Corps by Military Academy commissioned captain in American nurse in US military, receiving commissioned as Army Reorganization enrolled. Army Chaplains Corps, promoted to lieutenant 2-star rank from Marine colonel, U.S. Army. Act this month. the first African colonel, and later Corps. American to do so since colonel. Independence Day the Civil War. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1965: Army SFC Issac 1942: First enlistments 1943: Minnie Spotted 1990: CDR Rosemary 1982: LCDR Barbara 1944: WAC contingent 1950: PFC Ralph E. Camacho, escapes after for WAAC. Wolf, Native American Bryant Mariner, USN, Allen, first woman to be arrives in Norway. Días, USMC, Medal of 20 months as POW in Blackfoot, becomes first becomes first woman designated a Naval Honor recipient Vietnam. Native American in selected to command an Aviator, killed in a (Vietnam), born. Women’s Marine Corps. operational aviation training flight. squadron. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1971: Jeanne M. Holm 1917: Army PFC 1918: Austrian-born 1993: WWII hero SGT 1942: First class of 1953: U.S. NOAA 1988: Mary-Agnes becomes first woman Silvestre S. Herrera, Louis Cukela, Sgt, Roy H. Matsumoto female officers in geophysicist Ngar- Brown, Veterans USAF general. Medal of Honor USMC, becomes Medal inducted into U.S. history of U.S. Armed Chueng Lau born. Administration lawyer recipient (WWII), born of Honor recipient for Army Ranger Hall of Forces begin, Ft. Des who headed WAC in in El Paso, TX. extraordinary heroism, Fame. Moines, IA. South Pacific during France. WWII, dies. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1993: 2Lt Sarah Deal 1953: Ambrosio 1996: Marine Corps Lt 1948: Executive order 1920: Joe P. Martínez, 1944: Naval Secretary 1940: Cpt Jay R. becomes first Woman Guillen, USMC, earns Gen Carol A. Mutter #9981 signed by Medal of Honor Forrestal recommends Vargas, USMC, Medal Marine selected for Medal of Honor for becomes first woman 3- President Truman recipient and Army that African-American of Honor recipient naval aviation training. risking his life, Korea. star general in history. integrated the Armed private (WWII), born in women be admitted (Vietnam), born. Services. Taos, NM. equally with white women. 30 31 1982: ENS Jannine 1948: Vietta Bates this Weiss becomes first month becomes first enlisted woman to enlisted woman sworn receive wings under new into the regular U. S. Limited Duty Program. Army.

2000 Members of the all-Hispanic 65th Infantry Division,

By August 1950 the Korean War was less than two months old, and Puerto Rico's was on its way to the combat zone. The regiment landed at the port city of Pusan on the Korean Peninsula's southern tip, where U.S. forces had been holding a perimeter against the Communist North Korean invaders. Sent into action immediately, the took part in the U.S. breakout and drive to the north. Late January 1951 found them south of the Korean capital of Seoul, under orders to take two hills being held by the Chinese 149th Division. The assault began on January 31st, and took three days. On the morning of the third day the top of the hills were within reach, and two battalions of the 65th fixed bayonets and charged straight at the enemy positions. The Chinese fled. During its service in Korea, the men of the 65th Infantry won four Distinguished Service Crosses and 125 Silver Stars. The "The Borinqueneers" were also awarded the Presidential and Meritorious Unit Commendations, two Korean Presidential Unit Citations and the Greek Gold Medal for Bravery. The 65th Infantry Regiment's gallant service in a difficult war is best represented by its regimental motto, "Honor and Fidelity," and the regiment itself exemplifies the National Guard's leading role in our nation's military history.

Photo courtesy of Department of Defense, U.S. Army Center for Military History. August 2000 Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 1984: MG John Fugh 1990: United Nations 1942: Mildred H. 1997: First 10 female 1985: BG Wilma L. becomes first Chinese forces begin to form for McAffee becomes first officers graduate from Vaught, U. S. Army, American promoted to Operation Desert Storm: woman officer sworn the USAF Commander of U.S. general officer in U.S. 26,000 women into Naval Reserve. Undergraduate Pilot Military Entrance Army. participate, 13 die. Training Program. Processing, retires.

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1942: First official 1956: First foreign 1996: The Navy’s first 1989: Kristen Baker 1942: This month 120 1951: DACOWITS 1918: Opha Mae WAAC parades and women officers (6 from Muslim chaplain is becomes first woman women officers are established to interpret Johnson becomes first of review, Ft. Des Moines, Burma) entered WAC sworn in by Secretary of Brigadier Commander commissioned directly the public role of 305 women accepted for IA., held this month. Officer Basic Class. the Navy. and First Captain, Corps as ENS or LTJG and women in Armed duty in Marine Corps of Cadets, U.S. Military report for indoctrination Services and promote Reserve. Academy. at the Midship School, service careers. Smith College.

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1932: Edward Gómez, 1997: President Clinton 1942: WAAC receives 1995: Oveta Culp 1917: Army nurses 1908: Ester Voorhees 1944: WAC advance Medal of Honor issues new guidelines official approval from Hobby, Director, WAC, Beatrice M. MacDonald Hasson becomes first party arrives in Paris this recipient and Marine clarifying and War Department. during WWII, dies. and Helen McClelland Superintendent, U.S. month. Corps private (Korean reinforcing the right of receive Distinguished Navy Nurse Corps. War), born in Omaha, religious expression Service Cross for NE. within the DOD. service in Belgium.

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1945: This month, 2½ 1950: Army begins 1998: Carol C. Elliott, 1944: Antonia Novello, 1973: Army authorizes 1950: All-Hispanic 65th 1959: Kathryn P. Hire, years after founding, the voluntary recall of WAC U.S. Army, promoted to the first woman and first WAC enlistees to enter Infantry Regiment, CDR, USNR, and Marine Corps Women’s enlisted reservists and BG – Vice Director for Hispanic U.S. Surgeon parachute rigger nicknamed the NASA astronaut, born. Reserve has 17,640 company grade WAC Intelligence, J2. General (1990-1993), training. “Borinqueneers,” First woman aviator to women and 820 officers Organized Reserve with 3-star rank embark for Korea from serve with a combat on duty. Corps officers. (VADM), born. Puerto Rico. squadron.

27 28 29 30 31 1978: Margaret Brewer 1969: Lance Cpl, Jose 1942: First WAAC OCS 1983: Lt Col Guion Today: Women Marines becomes first to achieve Francisco Jimenez, class graduates 434 Bluford Jr. becomes the Association celebrate rank of brigadier USMC, posthumously women as 3rd Officers first African American 40th anniversary. general, USMC, this awarded Medal of (equivalent to a 2LT). in space. month. Honor for gallantry and service,Vietnam.

2000 , U.S. Army

A Creek Native American Indian, Lieutenant Ernest Childers is shown being congratulated by General Jacob L. Devers after receiving the Medal of Honor in Italy. Lieutenant Childers distinguished himself during an attack on an enemy machinegun nest by single-handedly wiping out two enemy and taking two of the enemy nests. He served with the United States Army 45th Infantry Division during World War II.

Photo courtesy Still Pictures Branch, National Archives, College Park, Maryland. NWDNS-208- N-24772 September 2000 Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Hispanic 1 2 1979: Hazel W. Johnson 1993: William Shao Heritage becomes first African - Chang Chen, U.S. American woman Army, the first Chinese - Month general officer upon American major general, (15 Sep – 15 Oct) becoming Chief, Army retires this month. Nurse Corps. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1982: Roscoe Robinson, 1943: 442d Regimental 1956: Army Special 1946: Army PFC Carlos 1977: During NATO 1939: U. S. declares 1942: Nancy Harknes Jr. becomes first African Combat Team lands in Forces member and James Lozada, Medal of exercises in Germany, state of limited Love organizes 25 American to be Italy. Over a thousand military physician Paul Honor recipient 1,500 U.S. Armed emergency in response women pilots into promoted to 4 - star Purple Hearts were Steven Chang born. (Vietnam War), is born Forces women to war in Europe; 625 WAFS this month. general in US Army. earned by the battalion. in Caguas, PR. participate for the first Army and 430 Navy Labor Day time. nurses activated. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1932: SGT Leroy A. 1952: Ceremony at the 1979: LT Megan C. Jans 1957: MAJ Kathleen W. 1942: Army Air Force 1950: 1Lt Baldomero 1989: PVT David Mendonca, U.S. Army, White House becomes Pilot in Phillips assigned approves WFTD Lopez, USMC, awarded Barkley recognized as Medal of Honor commemorates the first Command for Army’s consultant, Nursing program to train women Medal of Honor the Army’s first recipient during Korean issue of U.S. Postal first all-woman flight Audio-Visual Education, to serve as ferrying posthumously for Hispanic Medal of War, born. Service stamp honoring crew flying the Huey Armed Forces Institute pilots. bravery in action, Korea. Honor recipient. His women in the military. helicopter in support of of Pathology, heritage came to light 71 NATO exercise Washington, DC. years after giving his life Rosh Hashanah Reforger. in WWI. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1951: PFC Herbert K. 1951: First meeting of 1950: 11 Navy nurses en 1914: Dora E. 1989: General Colin 1943: 2LT Ernest 1977: USCG Pililaau, U.S. Army, DACOWITS held. route to assignment at Thompson appointed Powell confirmed by Childers, a Native Morganthau becomes awarded Medal of Naval Hospital, Superintendent, Army U.S. Senate as American Creek Indian, first cutter to operate Honor for service Yokosuka, Japan, die in Nurse Corps, first Chairman, Joint Chiefs U.S. Army, earns with women assigned as beyond the call of duty plane crash upon regular Army nurse to of Staff, and first Medal of Honor for permanent crew. in Korea. takeoff, Kwajalein be so designated. African American to be extreme bravery in Italy. Island. so designated.

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1911: PVT José 1996: White House 1948: New regular 1944: Legislative 1977: Last WAC 1985: House of 1993: Polish-born Nisperos becomes first National Summit on Army enlistments approval given Officers Orientation Representatives approve General John M. D. Asian - Pacific WomenVeteran’s Issues accepted for WAC for permitting USCG Course graduates, Ft. HR 1378, granting Shalikashvili, appointed American awarded a held. the first time. SPARS (Semper McClellan, AL. Federal land for a Chairman, Joint Chiefs Medal of Honor for Paratus/Always Ready) memorial to women in of Staff. valor in action, to serve overseas. military service. Rosh Hashanah Philippines.

2000 Lieutenant Colonel Carlos I. Noriega U.S. Marine Corps

Carlos Noriega, born October 8, 1959, immigrated from Lima, Peru to Santa Clara, California when he was five years old. Although he spoke no English when he arrived, he graduated from Wilcox High School, Santa Clara, California, in 1977. He went on to receive a Bachelor of Science degree in computer science from the University of Southern California, 1981. He holds dual Master’s degrees in computer science and space systems operations from the Naval Postgraduate School. Noriega holds the following special honors: the Defense Superior Service Medal, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medal with Combat Distinguishing Device, Air Medal (Strike Flight Award), Navy Achievement Medal, and NASA Space Flight Medal. Selected by NASA in December 1994, Noriega reported to the Johnson Space Center in March, 1995. He completed a year of training and evaluation and was qualified for assignment as a mission specialist in May 1996. He has had technical assignments in the Astronaut Office EVA/Robotics and Operations Planning Branches. He flew on STS-84 in 1997 and has logged over 221 hours in space. Lt. Col. Noriega will serve on the crew of STS-97, the fifth Space Shuttle mission dedicated to the assembly of the International Space Station. He is scheduled to conduct two space walks on this mission. Launch is targeted for March 2000.

Photo courtesy of NASA, public services division. October 2000 Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1981: Mary Clark, first 1951: Associate WAC 1977: First combined 1976: Early this month 1948: First WAC OCS 1997: NASA mission 1975: President Ford woman named to rank of Company Grade Officer male/female Army WAC OCS deactivated; class since end of STS-86, Atlantis, ends signs PL 94-16 MG, U.S. Army, retires Course initiated to Signal Corps Class women to attend OCS at WWII. successfully with CDR mandating that women after 36 years, the obtain more women begins training, Ft. Ft. Benning, GA. Wendy B. Lawrence, be admitted into military longest tenure of any officers for Korean War Gordon, GA. USN, in command. academies. woman in Army. this month.

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1918: 1SG Johannes S. 1973: Army authorizes 1998: USAF museum 1994: Frederick Pang 1966: WAC detachment 1979: Army orderes 1929: PFC Fernando Anderson, Finnish expansion of WAC from honors LTC (Ret.) Dora sworn in as Assistant established for duty in same enlistment Luis Garcia, USMC, American in U.S. Army, 23,000 to 50,000 by Doroughty Strother, Secretary of Defense for Vietnam. qualifications for both Medal of Honor earns Medal of Honor 1979. WASP pilot of more Force Management women and men. recipient, born, Utuado, for combat action under than 23 types of aircraft. Policy. Puerto Rico. fire. Yom Kippur Sukkot 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1948: First eight women 1946: 800th WAC 1997: BG Lillian Women’s Memorial 3rd 1944: Ban on African - 1944: USCG SPARS 1978: President Carter officers on active duty Detachment arrives for Dunlap becomes first Anniversary celebrated American women in opened to African - signs bill abolishing sworn in as service in occupied Army woman to serve as today, Arlington WAVES abolished. American women. WAC this month. commissioned officers Japan. President, Officer National Cemetery. in the regular U.S. Promotion Board. Navy.

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1944: SSG Lucian 1973: BG Lillian 1961: LCDR Susan 1994: LT Kara 1943: First Women 1954: Benjamin O. 1987: RADM Mary A. Adams, U.S. Army, this Dunlap becomes first Leigh Still, USN and Hultgreen, first woman Marines report for duty Davis Jr. becomes first Fields becomes month earned Medal of Army woman to serve as NASA astronaut, is to qualify in combat- at Camp Pendleton and African - American Director, Navy Nurse Honor for bravery, St. President, Officer born. ready F-14, and third in El Centro, CA, this general, USAF, this Corps and Deputy Die, France. Promotion Board. pilot crash, killed on month. month. Commander, Personnel approach to landing Management Naval deck of USS Abraham Medical Command, this Sinchat Torah Lincoln. month. 29 30 31 National 1984: Congress grants 1917: Rabbi David 1996: Lt Gen Carol A. Federal charter to WAC Goldberg, first Jewish Mutter becomes the first Disability Veterans Association Navy chaplain, Woman Marine, and under PL 98-584 this appointed LT. only second woman in Month month. history of Armed Forces, to wear 3 stars.

2000 Private First Class Ira H. Hayes, USMC, Pima Native American , shown here in 1943 at age nineteen at Marine Corps Paratroop School, earned fame for being the only Native American and one of six Marine flag-raisers at Iwo Jima, later memorialized in the famous Marine Corps bronze memorial near Arlington National Cemetery. Three of those six Marines subsequently lost their lives, and Hayes remained a reluctant and modest hero because the surviving Marines did not receive the same recognition.

Photo courtesy Still Pictures Branch, National Archives, College Park, Maryland. NWDNS-75-N- PIM-33 November 2000 Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Native- 1 2 3 4 1978: BG Mary E. 1988: First meeting of 1948: Col Katherine A. 1977: PL 95-202 passes American Clark, U.S. Army, Minority Officers Towle appointed first this month giving promoted to major Association, an Director, Women WASPs veteran status. History general, the first woman organization dedicated Marines. to achieve this rank. to improving minority Month and female officer All Saint’s Day recruiting and status. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1950: Mitchell Red 1978: This month men 1942: Commandant of 1967: President Johnson 1995: Cheryl Stearns, 1988: ENS Joy D. 1986: First national Cloud Jr., a Winnebago and women began joint Marine Corps approves signs PL 90-130, first woman member, Warner becomes first memorial honoring Indian and corporal, basic training. inclusion of women in opening positions for U.S. Army Golden woman to earn her Native American earns Medal of Honor Marine Corps Reserve, women to general and Knights parachute team, Wings of Gold through veterans dedicated at for defending his and to be called flag ranks, and removes breaks 3 world records; the newly reinstated Arlington National company in Korea, until Marines. the 2 percent ceiling on completes 24 hours of NAVCAD program. Cemetery by the fatally wounded. women on active duty. continuous skydiving. Veterans Day Vietnam Era Veterans. Awarded posthumously. (observed) Veterans Day 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1930: Pvt Eugene 1933: USAF Major 1988: Army announces 1917: The first 1983: “Women in 1945: 60th and last WAC 1943: WAC members Arnold Obregón, General and surgeon women eligible to fill Regimental Jewish Military” corridor at the OCS class graduates, Ft. become eligible for GI USMC, Medal of Honor Vernon Chong born. additional 31,287 jobs in Chaplain, Rabbi Elkan Pentagon dedicated. Des Moines, IA. insurance this month. recipient (Korean War), active forces, 6,274 in Cohen, commissioned as born in Los Angeles, National Guard, and Army Chaplain 1LT . CA. 1,736 in Reserves. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1956: Lt Col Eileen 1967: PFC Carlos James 1977: This month PL 1994: Company at Ft. 1942: President 1946: 825th WAC 1954: Army PFC Marie Collins, USAF Lozada, U. S. Army, 95-773 establishes Leonard Wood, MO, Roosevelt signs PL 772 Battalion arrives for Charles George, a and NASA astronaut posthumously awarded USCG Reserve becomes first group to creating the Women’s service with Far East Cherokee Indian, born. Medal of Honor for (SPARS). complete mixed-gender Reserve of the Coast Command, Tokyo posthumously awarded action during heavy basic training under Guard. Japan. the Medal of Honor for assault, Vietnam. gender integrated policy. covering a grenade with his body, thus saving his Thanksgiving Day comrades in Korea. 26 27 28 29 30 1944: This month 1991: COL Nancy R. 1944: SSG Marcio 1977: Evelyn P. Foote 1999: DOD honors Japanese - American d Adams promoted to Garcia, U.S. Army, becomes Commander, Indian 442 undertook the brigadier general, and earns Medal of Honor 2nd Basic Training , last historic “lost battalion” sworn in as nineteenth for action as a squad Battalion, Fort surviving member of mission in France; 200 Chief, Army Nurse leader, Germany. McClellan, AL, this elite Comanche ‘Code killed, 600 wounded. Corps. Ramadan begins month. Talkers’ in WWII.

2000 First African American WAVES

Lieutenant (junior grade) Harriet Ida Pickens and Ensign Frances Willes, became the first two African-American WAVES to be commissioned in December, 1944. They were members of the first graduating class at the Naval Reserve Midshipman’s School, Northampton, Massachusetts.

Photo courtesy Still Pictures Branch, National Archives, College Park, Maryland. NWDNS-80-G-297441 December 2000 Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 1991: BG Nancy R. 1942: First two African - Adams appointed Chief, American WAAC Army Nurse Corps. companies complete basic training. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1948: Mary Agnes 1943: Executive Order 1968: COL Maxine B. 1945: Ruth Cheney 1973: Congress passes 1967: Congress passes 1906: RADM Grace Hallaren becomes first 45 issued exempting Hichle becomes first Streeter resigns as legislation permitting PL 90-130; equal Hopper, U.S. Navy, woman to be a regular Koreans from alien WAC Center and WAC Director, Marine Corps women to serve on promotion and born. Army officer. status, thus granting School Commander to Women’s Reserve. active duty in USCG. retirement rules for men them the right to serve hold rank of colonel. and women officers. 1st Sunday of Advent in the U.S. military. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1943: “Molly Marine,” 1990: SGT Marie 1980: Defense Officer 1944: Harriet Ida 1950: Anna M. 1943: First Chinese - 1995: USS Benfold first statue of a woman Elliott, becomes one of Personnel Management Pickens and Frances E. Rosenburg confirmed as American officer in U.S. delivered earlier this in uniformed service, the first members of a Act signed; women Wills become first Assistant Secretary of Marine Corps, Wilbur month; it is the first USMC, dedicated, New National Guard unit officers in all service African - American Defense for Manpower Carl Sze, commissioned Navy ship built to fully Orleans, LA. called to active duty in branches on same pay women sworn into the and Personnel. as 2Lt. accommodate the the Gulf War. schedule as men. Navy as WAVEs. integration of women. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1943: President 1948: 199 WAC officers 1997: RADM Marsha J. 1941: Congressional 1952: Pamela Davis 1976: WAC Center and 1941: Army nurses Roosevelt signs repeal appointed to regular Evans, first female resolution allows almost Dorman, first woman School, Ft. McClellan, ordered to evacuate of Chinese Exclusion Army – the first such Superintendent, Naval unlimited enlistment and Navy chaplain to serve AL, closed after 22 Manila. Act, resulting in the increment since women Postgraduate School, employment of Filipino with Marines, born. years this month. draft of 14,000 Chinese were integrated into relinquishes command. Americans in war effort. Americans. regular service. Chanukkah begins 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1975: Army authorizes 1941: Five Navy nurses 1967: First two WAC 1991: Presidential 1990: LCDR Darlene M. 1958: MAJ Nancy 1977: Army Combat admission of women to on Guam become officers selected for Commission on Iskra, Navy, installed as Currie, U.S. Army and Exclusion Policy keeps Army OCS training, Ft. Japanese POWs this Army War College this Assignment of Women Commander of the USS space shuttle astronaut, women out of specialties Benning, GA. month; repatriated in month. in the Armed Forces Opportune salvage born. or units that involve August, 1942. established this month. vessel. direct combat. Christmas Day Kwanzaa begins Ramadan ends Chanukkah ends 31 1933: LTG Akin Ono born in , HI; later becomes highest ranking Asian American in U.S. Army.

2000 Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute: Year 2000 Calendar Celebrating Diversity in the Uniformed Services

This calendar highlights the diversity and multiculturalism of the United States uniformed services in the twentieth century. The calendar identifies significant instances in which minorities, including women and other under-represented groups, have advanced pluralism and democracy in America through their dedication and service. Every attempt has been made to include the widest possible spectrum of these groups, all of whom have contributed substantially to the development of, and excellence in, all branches of the uniformed services.

In many ways, this calendar serves as a historical narrative of the involvement and contributions made by America’s diverse population to the defense and progress of the nation. One hope for this calendar is to provide a continuum and a way of thinking about how diversity and multiculturalism informs and reflects society in the United States. In this regard, the individuals mentioned herein have helped shape what the military was in the twentieth century, and will be in the twenty-first century. It should be noted that some individuals are mentioned more than once because their career achievements have been multiple and are defined by continual development. Other individuals or groups are distinguished by single, although no less significant, acts. For example, Native American and Hispanic Medal of Honor winners have been included, as are major “firsts,” such as the first African-American brigadier general, the first all-female flight crew, or the first Chinese-American major general. Religious minorities, such as Muslims and Jews are also represented. Other dates mark milestones in policy, such as the integration of the Armed Services. Because of space limitations, the calendar is representative rather than inclusive, and thus may not mention many worthy individuals and groups. It is hoped that the calendar will encourage readers to examine their own experiences with cultural diversity over time and in this year.

According to March 1999 figures from the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute, racial-ethnic minorities (defined as African American, Asian American, Hispanic, and Native American/Alaskan Natives) and women, account for almost 44 percent of the total active duty forces, a figure which will increase substantially over the next several decades, and one that makes recognizing a shared history in the uniformed services all the more important.

This calendar was compiled for the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute under an Interagency Agreement with the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. For this edition of the calendar, the compiler relied, in part, on previous research conducted for earlier DEOMI calendars, and would like to credit these works. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Defense or any of its agencies.

Michael Fink Library of Congress/ Federal Research Division/ Washington, DC Bibliography

A variety of sources were used to compile the day-to-day listings in this calendar. The vast resources on hand at the Library of Congress provided the majority of sources. The Internet, was relied on for a large part of the research. A selective bibliography of the most useful sources follows.

Baron, Deborah G., and Susan B. Gall, eds. Asian American Chronology. Detroit: Gale Research, 1996.

Bellafaire, Judith A. The Women’s Army Corps: A Commemoration of World War II Service. Washington: US Army Center of Military History, 1993.

Breuer, William B. War and American Women: Heroism, Deeds, Controversy. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1997.

Carnegie, Mary Elizabeth. The Path We Tread: Blacks in Nursing Worldwide, 1854-1994. 3d ed., No. 14-2678. New York: National League for Nursing Press, 1995.

Cohen, Jerome D. Jews in American Military History. Washington: Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America, 1996.

Dever, John P., and Maria C. Dever. Women and the Miliary: Over 100 Notable Contributors, Historic to Contemporary. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 1995.

Gall, Susan B., and Irene Natividad, eds. The Asian American Almanac: A Reference Work on Asians in the United States. New York: Greenwood, 1989.

Holm, Jeanne. Women in the Military: An Unfinished Revolution. Novato, California: Presido Press, 1982.

Kanellos, Nicolas, ed. The Hispanic American Almanac. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998.

MacGregor, Morris J., Jr. Integration of the Armed Forces. Defense Studies Series. United States Army. Washington: Center of Military History, 1981.

McCullogh, Joan. First of All: Significant Firsts by American Women. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980.

Proft, R.J., publisher. United States of America’s Congressional Medal of Honor Recipients and Their Official Citations. Minnesota: Highland House II, 1994.

Sherrow, Victoria. Women and the Military: An Encyclopedia. : ABC-CLIO, 1996

Smith, Jessie, ed. Black Heroes of the 20th Century. Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1998.

Stiehm, Judith Hicks, ed. It’s Our Military Too! Women and the US Military. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996.

Swisher, Karen Gyaton, and Ancita Benally, eds. Native North American Firsts. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998.

Tanaka, Chester. Go for Broke: A Pictorial History of the Japanese American 100th Battalion and the 442d Regimental Combat Team. California: Go For Broke, 1982. United States Department of Transportation. United States Coast Guard. Women in the Coast Guard. Commandant Publication No. 5312.17. Washington: 1997.

Unterburger, Amy L., ed. Who’s Who Among the Hispanic Americans, 1994-95. Detroit: Gale Research, 1994

Unterburger, Amy L., ed. Who’s Who in the Asian American Community, 1994-95. Detroit: Gale Research, 1994.

Web Resources

http://www.af.mil/news/ http://www.dtic.mil/armylink/ http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/.www/whatsnew.html http://www.usmc.mil/historical.nsf/table+of+contents http://www.uscg.mil/general.html http://www.lib.noaa.gov/ http://www.defenselink.mil/ http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/indianheritage/ http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/hispanic/ http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/aah/ http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/womenshistory/ http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/index.html http://www.nara.gov/ Since its inception in 1971, the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute at Patrick Air Force Base has been a leader in human relations training and equal opportunity research. To date, over 20,000 EO/EEO students have been trained and numerous research projects have been conducted. Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute 2000