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Iim Metal News IIM METAL NEWS ISSN 0972-0480 Monthly Vol.22 No.10 OCTOBER 2019 Metallurgy Materials Engineering The Indian Institute of Metals IIM METAL NEWS Vol. 22 No. 10 October 2019 Page No. C Editorial 3 TECHNICAL ARTICLE Delhi Iron Pillar 5 O - AhindraGhosh TECHNICAL ARTICLE Phosphorus in Steel 9 N - U K Chatterjee Recent Developments 14 T News Update 16 E IIM Chapter Activities 20 Member News 25 N Events Calendar 2019-20 25 Seminars & Conferences 26 T Typical Steel Co-Products 28 S Metal Statistics 31 The IIM Metal News and The Indian Institute of Metals do not accept any responsibility for the statements made and the opinion expressed by the author(s) in the technical articles Printed and Published by Shri Kushal Saha, Secretary General, on behalf of "The Indian Institute of Metals", and printed at PRINTMAX, 44 Biplabi Pulin Das Street, Kolkata - 700 009 • Email : [email protected] and published at 'Metal House', Plot 13/4, Block AQ, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata - 700 091, West Bengal, India E-mail : [email protected], [email protected], Phone : 033 2367 9768 / 2367 5004 Website : www.iim-india.net • Fax : (033) 2367 5335 Editor: Dr. Santanu Ray Vol.22 No.10 OCTOBER 2019 IIM METAL NEWS THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF FORMER PRESIDENTS Mr R N Parbat Dr Dipankar Banerjee Prof K Chattopadhyay Mr L Pugazhenthy Mr M Narayana Rao Dr R N Patra Dr Sanak Mishra Mr H M Nerurkar Mr S S Mohanty Dr U Kamachi Mudali, Convenor PATRONS Mr R M Dastur Mr Sajjan Jindal Dr Baba Kalyani Mr Satish Pai COUNCIL FOR THE YEAR 2019-20 PRESIDENT Dr U Kamachi Mudali VICE PRESIDENT & CHAIRMAN VICE PRESIDENT & CHAIRMAN VICE PRESIDENT & CHAIRMAN Non-Ferrous Division Ferrous Division Metal Science Division Prof Amol A Gokhale Mr T V Narendran Dr Samir V Kamat IMMEDIATE FORMER PRESIDENT Mr Anand Sen SECRETARY GENERAL Mr Kushal Saha HON TREASURER CONTROLLER OF EXAMINATION CHIEF EDITOR, TRANSACTIONS MANAGING EDITOR, IIM METAL NEWS Mr Somnath Guha Prof P K Mitra Prof B S Murty Dr Santanu Ray Jt. SECRETARY (Office of President) Mr Niraj Kumar MEMBERS Mr Raghavendra Adiga Prof N K Mukhopadhyay Mr B Saha Dr R Balamuralikrishnan Dr P Ramesh Narayanan Dr Arjit Saha Podder Dr Suddhasatwa Basu Prof Jagannath Nayak Prof S Raman Sankaranarayanan Mr Anirban Dasgupta Dr Vinod K Nowal Mr D K Saraogi Dr D De Sarkar Dr Sarmishtha Palit Sagar Mr Babu Sathian Mr Debashis Deb Prof Prita Pant Dr J D Sharma Mr K K Ghosh Dr P Parameswaran Mr Sanjay Sharma Mr B M Hasan Mr Sudhanshu Pathak Mr Kaushal Sinha Mr S K Jha Mr Abhijit Pati Mr Lokendra Raj Singh Dr Sunil D Kahar Dr Pradip Prof Sudhanshu Shekhar Singh Dr Vivekanand Kain Mr Amarendu Prakash Mr Sushil Kumar Singh Prof M Kamaraj Dr N Eswara Prasad Dr Piyush Singhal Prof Rampada Manna Dr Divakar Ramachandran Dr Dinesh Srivastava Mr K L Mehrotra Mr Pradosh Kumar Rath Prof Satyam Suwas Mr Bibhu Prasad Mishra Mr Gajraj Singh Rathore Dr P V Venkitakrishnan Mr Manasa Prasad Mishra Mr Barun Roy Prof Sushil K Mishra Dr Daniel Sagayaraj T A FORMER PRESIDENTS 1946-48 Late J J Ghandy 1977-78 Late V A Altekar 1992-93 Late A C Wadhawan 2007-08 Dr Srikumar Banerjee 1948-50 Late P Ginwala 1978-79 Late T R Anantharaman 1993-94 Dr R Krishnan 2008-09 Mr L Pugazhenthy 1950-52 Late Phiroz Kutar 1979-80 Late P L Agrawal 1994-95 Dr S K Gupta 2009-10 Dr Sanak Mishra 1952-54 Late G C Mitter 1980-81 Late EG Ramachandran 1995-96 Mr R N Parbat 2010-11 Dr D Banerjee 1954-56 Late M S Thacker 1981-82 Late C V Sundaram 1996-97 Late P Rodriguez 2011-12 Mr M Narayana Rao 1956-58 Late K S Krishnan 1982-83 Late Samarpungavan 1997-98 Late S Das Gupta 2012-13 Mr H M Nerurkar 1958-60 Late S K Nanavati 1983-84 Late J Marwaha 1998-99 Dr C G K Nair 2013-14 Prof K Chattopadhyay 1960-62 Late G K Ogale 1984-85 Late A K Seal 1999-00 Prof S Ranganathan 2014-15 Dr R N Patra 1962-65 Late Dara. P. Antia 1985-86 Dr J J Irani 2000-01 Mr V Gujral 2015-16 Mr S S Mohanty 1965-67 Late B R Nijhawan 1986-87 Late Y M Mehta 2001-02 Mr P Parvathisem 2016-17 Prof Indranil Manna 1967-70 Late M N Dastur 1987-88 Dr V S Arunachalam 2002-03 Late P Ramachandra Rao 2017-18 Dr Biswajit Basu 1970-72 Late Brahm Prakash 1988-89 Mr S R Jain 2003-04 Dr S K Bhattacharyya 2018-19 Mr Anand Sen 1972-74 Late P Anant 1989-90 Late L R Vaidyanath 2004-05 Dr T K Mukherjee 1974-76 Late FAA Jasdanwalla 1990-91 Dr P Rama Rao 2005-06 Late Baldev Raj 1976-77 Late S Visvanathan 1991-92 Dr T Mukherjee 2006-07 Mr B Muthuraman FORMER SECRETARIES/SECRETARY GENERALS* 1946-57 Late Dara. P. Antia 1968-76 Dr M N Parthasarathi 1986-97 Late S S Das Gupta 2006-13 *Mr J C Marwah 1958-67 Mr R D Lalkaka 1977-86 Late L R Vaidyanath 1997-06 Mr J C Marwah 2013-15 *Mr Bhaskar Roy 2015-18 *Mr Sadhan Kumar Roy IIM METAL NEWS 2 Vol.22 No.10 OCTOBER 2019 EDITORIAL LOW COST UTILITY STAINLESS STEEL 409M A fine-grained ferrito-martensitic utility stainless steel, designated as 409M, is ideally suited for application as liner plate of coal and material handling plants because of its superior wet-abrasion resistance. It has been observed that nickel content, finish rolling temperature and rate of cooling of the hot rolled sheet / plate are critical factors. The chemistry and the processing parameters influence the requisite martensite content, which is key to the final mechanical properties. Comparative evaluation of the commercial hot rolled product with respect to other grades has also been established, specifically for corrosion, wet abrasion and slideability. Ferrito-martensitic stainless steel sheet having 11-12% chromium and with fine grains is being used in many countries for applications requiring resistance to corrosion as well as wet abrasion. Four or five of these equivalent grades with minor variation in composition constitute the lean-alloy dual-phase (LADP) utility stainless steels. These are less expensive than the common stainless steel grades, like AISI-304, 430 etc. They offer considerable advantage with respect to life cycle cost, as compared to mild steel or the very expensive normal stainless steels. Good combination of strength, formability, slideability and resistance to wet abrasion has made these grades the candidate material for storage and handling systems of bulk solids, like coal, minerals etc. Small but significant composition deviation from the standard ferritic AISI-409 grade, makes the new 409M grade ferrito-martensitic at room temperature. Chemistry, hot rolling and annealing parameters play important roles in obtaining the optimum martensite content, and its influence on the final mechanical properties. Suitable addition of nickel, manganese and titanium controls the extent of transformation of δ -ferrite to austenite at elevated temperature (1300 - 750 C). Hence, coarsening of the ferrite grains during continuous casting of slab, or reheating of slab can be arrested by selecting the right chemistry. The second important factor is the temperature at which the hot rolling is finished. This controls the relative amount ofδ -ferrite and austenite at the completion of the rolling operation. The third important factor is the rate at which the product is cooled to the ambient temperature. This would control the extent of transformation of austenite to martensite. Hardenability of course would be a function of chemistry. Since the amounts of carbon, chromium and titanium are decided based on other considerations, mainly nickel, and to a certain extent manganese, would influence the extent of martensite transformation. Control of martensite can result in the desirable combination of strength and elongation. It has been observed that if martensite content in the as rolled plate is maintained in the range of 10-15%, the optimum combination of 300- 360 MPa YS and 30-33 % elongation can be achieved. The important issue is to achieve the desirable martensite content by manipulating nickel content and the processing parameters, like rolling finish temperature and the cooling rate of the hot rolled plate. The effects of nickel and rolling finish temperature on the martensite content in as rolled and air cooled plate is shown in the following figure. It is observed that 10 - 15% martensite can be obtained for 0.3 % Nickel and rolling finish temperature in the range of 750-780 C. Higher levels of nickel or rolling finish temperature are needed for getting increased amount of martensite. Cooling of as rolled sheets at a rate slower than that for air cooling Effect of nickel and rolling finish temperature obviously generates less martensite and more ferrite. on martensite content Broad guidelines obtained from laboratory investigation have been used in formulating nickel content and processing parameters for the commercial heats. Different stages of processing have been evaluated : • Hot rolled & air cooled (HRAC) • Hot rolled & slow cooled (HRSC) • Hot rolled, air cooled, and tempered at 750 C for 30 minutes (HRACT) Vol.22 No.10 OCTOBER 2019 Vol.22 No.10 OCTOBER 2019 3 IIM METAL NEWS Mechanical Properties under different conditions are given below : Nickel % Thickness Condition Hardness YS (MPa) UTS Elong % Bend 1800 Martensite (mm) (BHN) (MPa) % 0.4 5 HRAC 165 470 580 23 2T 35 0.4 5 HRACT 140 375 510 30 2T 15 0.4 10 HRAC 160 440 580 25 2T 30 0.4 10 HRACT 140 380 515 29 2T 15 0.6 6 HRAC 225 560 660 18 1T 60 0.6 6 HRSC 180 460 600 26 2T 35 0.6 6 HRACT 150 415 530 30 2T 15 0.6 12 HRAC 210 540 645 20 1T 55 Typical microstructure consists of elongated bands of ferrite and martensite Martensite content varies depending on specific conditions.
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