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Home , Modal verb

Gerund or Objective First 7.1

1. A , which is a used as a , always ends in –ing, but not all –ing forms are . An –ing form might be a present or an . What is the –ing form in these sentences? a. I pulled on the climbing rope to show I was safe. b. Anna was running along the track when she tripped and fell. c. Snowboarding is a very popular sport.

2. Look at these sentences: 1. I enjoy going swimming. 2. After learning to ice skate, I’m going to learn to play ice hockey. 3. I want to take up rowing. 4. Climbing is a fairly safe sport. 5. It’s not worth going to watch our local football team because they always lose!

Gerund or Infinitive Objective First 7.1

Find and example of a gerund above which: a. Follows a preposition. b. Is the subject of a sentence. c. Follows an expression. d. Follows a verb. e. Follows a phrasal verb. 3. When we put a verb after a preposition, we usually use a gerund. Complete the following sentences with a preposition and one of the . do drop get learn play swim teach

a. She was doubtful ……………………… to the training session on time. b. Steve was very proud ……………………… to scuba dive so quickly. c. I’ve been very successful ……………………… my cousins to ride their bikes. d. Mark was in trouble ……………………… his muddy sports clothes on the changing room floor. e. I believe ……………………… some exercise every day in order to keep healthy. f. You don’t have to be good ……………………… to enjoy it. g. I’m looking forward ……………………… against her again in tomorrows match.

Gerund or Infinitive Objective First 7.1

4. (inf) are forms like to do, to Chamonix we were introduced to our say. They are usually with ´to´ but not guides. We were then kitted out with ice- always. When we don’t use ´to´, we call it the bare infinitive (binf). axes, crampons and climbing boots and Look at the following sentences, which were sent straight into two days’ (4) show the most common uses of the ……………………… (train) in and around the Le infinitive. Tour glacier. The guides used this time (5) 1. I’m going to the pool to have my ……………………… (assess) our ability (6) swimming lesson. ……………………… (make) the ascent and (7) 2. I want to enrol for netball practice ……………………… (teach) us the basics of (8) next term. ……………………… (mountaineer), such as 3. They are unlikely to hold the how (9) ……………………… (use) an ice-axe Winter Olympics in Britain. and how best (10) ……………………… (work) in 4. They let me do judo classes even a team. though I had never done judo before. The first day consisted of (11) 5. You must not run with the ball in ……………………… (climb) for five hours from some sports. the Nid d’Aigle to the Gouter Hut. I thought 6. We encouraged them to run faster I’d be too cold (12) ……………………… (sleep) by cheering loudly. but in fact that wasn’t a problem at all! Day 2 started at 2 am with a four and a half Now say which of the infinitives above: hour walk to the summit. (13) a. Follows an adjective. ……………………… (reach) the summit was b. Follows a modal auxiliary. c. Follows a main verb. only a third of the day’s work. The descent d. Is used to express purpose. route included (14) ……………………… (jump) e. Has an infinitive without ´to´. f. Follows the object of the verb. across gaps in the ice and took seven hours.

5. Read through this email and put the I’m really looking forward to (15) verbs in brackets in the correct form. Give ……………………… (see) you next weekend so your reasons. I can (16) ……………………… (tell) you all the details. Dear Jill, Love, Sue. I’ve just got back from (1) ……………………… (climb) Mont Blanc in the Alps and I must (2) ……………………… (tell) you what a great time I had. On (3) ……………………… (arrive) in Gerund or Infinitive Objective First 7.1

Key 13. Reaching (Subject) 14. Jumping (verb) 1. 15. Seeing (Expression) A adjective (describing the kind of purpose) 16. Tell (modal verb) B Participle (past continuous tense) C Gerund ((gerund – subject of the sentence)

2. a-2, b-4, c-5, d-1, e-3

3.

A. About getting B. of learning C. at teaching D. for dropping E. in doing F. at swimming G. to playing

4. a-3, b-5, c-2, d-1, e-4-5, f-4-6

5.

1. Climbing (phrasal verb) 2. Tell (Modal verb) 3. Arriving (Preposition) 4. Training (Expression) 5. To asses (object) 6. To make (object) 7. To teach (purpose) 8. Mountaineering (preposition) 9. To use (follows verb) 10. To work (adjective) 11. Climbing (preposition) 12. To sleep (Adjective)